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City wikis

A city wiki (or local wiki) is a wiki used as a knowledge base and social network
for a specific geographical locale.[46][47][48] The term 'city wiki' or its foreign
language equivalent (e.g. German 'Stadtwiki') is sometimes also used for wikis that
cover not just a city, but a small town or an entire region. A city wiki contains
information about specific instances of things, ideas, people and places. Much of
this information might not be appropriate for encyclopedias such as Wikipedia (e.g.
articles on every retail outlet in a town), but might be appropriate for a wiki
with more localized content and viewers. A city wiki could also contain information
about the following subjects, that may or may not be appropriate for a general
knowledge wiki, such as:

Details of public establishments such as public houses, bars, accommodation or

social centers
Owner name, opening hours and statistics for a specific shop
Statistical information about a specific road in a city
Flavors of ice cream served at a local ice cream parlor
A biography of a local mayor and other persons
WikiNodes
"WikiNode" redirects here. For the app for the Apple iPad, see WikiNodes.
Visualization of the collaborative work in the German wiki project Mathe für Nicht-
Freaks
WikiNodes are pages on wikis that describe related wikis. They are usually
organized as neighbors and delegates. A neighbor wiki is simply a wiki that may
discuss similar content or may otherwise be of interest. A delegate wiki is a wiki
that agrees to have certain content delegated to that wiki.[49] One way of finding
a wiki on a specific subject is to follow the wiki-node network from wiki to wiki.

Participants
The four basic types of users who participate in wikis are reader, author, wiki
administrator and system administrator. The system administrator is responsible for
the installation and maintenance of the wiki engine and the container web server.
The wiki administrator maintains wiki content and is provided additional functions
about pages (e.g. page protection and deletion), and can adjust users' access
rights by, for instance, blocking them from editing.[50]

Growth factors
A study of several hundred wikis showed that a relatively high number of
administrators for a given content size is likely to reduce growth;[51] that access
controls restricting editing to registered users tends to reduce growth; that a
lack of such access controls tends to fuel new user registration; and that higher
administration ratios (i.e. admins/user) have no significant effect on content or
population growth.[52]

Conferences
Active conferences and meetings about wiki-related topics include:

Atlassian Summit, an annual conference for users of Atlassian software, including

Confluence.[53]
OpenSym (called WikiSym until 2014), an academic conference dedicated to research
about wikis and open collaboration.
SMWCon, a bi-annual conference for users and developers of Semantic MediaWiki.[54]
TikiFest, a frequently held meeting for users and developers of Tiki Wiki CMS
Groupware.[55]
Wikimania, an annual conference dedicated to the research and practice of Wikimedia
Foundation projects like Wikipedia.
Former wiki-related events include:

RecentChangesCamp (2006–2012), an unconference on wiki-related topics.

RegioWikiCamp (2009–2013), a semi-annual unconference on "regiowikis", or wikis on
cities and other geographic areas.[56]
Legal environment
Joint authorship of articles, in which different users participate in correcting,
editing, and compiling the finished product, can also cause editors to become
tenants in common of the copyright, making it impossible to republish without
permission of all co-owners, some of whose identities may be unknown due to
pseudonymous or anonymous editing.[11] Where persons contribute to a collective
work such as an encyclopedia, there is, however, no joint ownership if the
contributions are separate and distinguishable.[57] Despite most wikis' tracking of
individual contributions, the action of contributing to a wiki page is still
arguably one of jointly correcting, editing, or compiling, which would give rise to
joint ownership. Some copyright issues can be alleviated through the use of an open
content license. Version 2 of the GNU Free Documentation License includes a
specific provision for wiki relicensing; Creative Commons licenses are also
popular. When no license is specified, an implied license to read and add content
to a wiki may be deemed to exist on the grounds of business necessity and the
inherent nature of a wiki, although the legal basis for such an implied license may
not exist in all circumstances.[citation needed]

Wikis and their users can be held liable for certain activities that occur on the
wiki. If a wiki owner displays indifference and forgoes controls (such as banning
copyright infringers) that they could have exercised to stop copyright
infringement, they may be deemed to have authorized infringement, especially if the
wiki is primarily used to infringe copyrights or obtains a direct financial
benefit, such as advertising revenue, from infringing activities.[11] In the United
States, wikis may benefit from Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which
protects sites that engage in "Good Samaritan" policing of harmful material, with
no requirement on the quality or quantity of such self-policing.[58] It has also
been argued, however, that a wiki's enforcement of certain rules, such as anti-
bias, verifiability, reliable sourcing, and no-original-research policies, could
pose legal risks.[59] When defamation occurs on a wiki, theoretically, all users of
the wiki can be held liable, because any of them had the ability to remove or amend
the defamatory material from the "publication". It remains to be seen whether wikis
will be regarded as more akin to an internet service provider, which is generally
not held liable due to its lack of control over publications' contents, than a
publisher.[11] It has been recommended that trademark owners monitor what
information is presented about their trademarks on wikis, since courts may use such
content as evidence pertaining to public perceptions. Joshua Jarvis notes, "Once
misinformation is identified, the trademark owner can simply edit the entry".[60]