2013 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC) 93

Solar Based Wireless Power Transfer System

S.Suja, T.Sathish K umar, Student Member, IEEE

tablet PCs and laptops. The idea of wireless power transfer

Abstract: This paper describes about the utilization of solar can be look back to 1820 when Andre-Marie Ampere
energy and the wireless transmission of the generated power. invented his principle which states that an electric current
First the solar power is stored in a battery which is then
produces a magnetic field. Nikola Tesla experimentally
transferred through wireless medium based on inductive
demonstrated wireless power transfer in 189l. Tesla was
coupling. There is a high thrust for renewable energy to
conducted an experiment and he developed a model for
mitigate the effect of global warming. The inductive power
resonant circuit that is able to couple a high frequency
transfer has wide applications along with renewable energy. To
demonstrate this solar based wireless power transfer system for current into another resonant circuit of a similar type. With
home appliances has been developed. The advantage of this his circuit, he was able to transmit power wirelessly i.e.
project is to increase the usage of renewable energy resources in without any physical interconnecting conductor to power a
order to reduce the CO emissions. And also the wireless power light bulb [11].
transfer system is a new way to transfer the power to the load The magnetic inductive coupling uses non­
rather than the conventional method of transferring power
radioactive transmission using electro magnetically induced
through livewires.
transparency [12] [13]. The more detailed experimental setup
clearly describes about the radioactive effect to human and
Keywords-inductive charging, non-radiative energy transfer,
the SAR rate for domestic application was obtained [14].
renewable energy sources, wireless power transfer system
(WPTs). Rapid usage of smarter electronics causes the
portable devices a part of our day to day life. And the major
I.INTRO DUCTTON domestic electrical devices also important so it leads to high
Nowadays electrical power generation and demand. Power transmission to the domestic applications
transmission become very challenging due to high demand. like fan, light and other electrical devices are very
To overcome this renewable energy sources and the conventional since the advent of electricity. But in the case of
conventional energy transmission should be redesigned to get communication the innovation and advancement in
higher energy utilization. This paper describes about wireless technologies are plenty. Hence the wireless powering of such
power transfer system using magnetic coupling [1]-[lO]. devices would increase our consuming capacity rather than
With the abundant solar energy in our country, it is essential the conventional way of transferring power.
to extract the maximum solar power at higher efficiency, And also the complexity of wires in the wired power
since the construction of the solar panel is very expensive. transmission is high due to more number of devices
The innovation of wireless power transfer connected in a single room. Power transferring through
developed from the inconvenience of having too many wires livewires causes many fire accidents and leads to fatal death.
connected in small power sockets. We thought that many of To avoid this alternative way of transferring power IS

us have the same experience of having not enough sockets required [15]-[21].
for our electronic devices. Hence by creating a wireless Hence the wireless power transfer system is
power transfer system, necessary to move on to a new technological world. This will
reduce the complexity of the power transmission. And also
protection is improved in this wireless power transmission
#
T.Sathish Kumar Department of EEE, Coimbatore Institute of system.
TechnologyCoimbatore, Tamil Nadu, [email protected]
We are in the energy deficit era because of huge
demand from the consumers. This increases alternative
S.Suja, Department of EEE Coimbatore Institute of Technology Tamil source of energy to utilize more power. In India from the Sun
l
Nadu, Tndia [email protected] we can extract more energy. Solar energy is the right
alternative energy source to utilize. To decrease the usage of
non-renewable energy source we can go for solar energy.
In this project we have proposed solar based WPT
system.

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2013 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC) 94

The solar panels can be placed in the roof top of the 11 current at the transmitting coil (Fig. I);
floor; the power produced is stored in a battery. From there
inverter circuit is used to generate an AC voltage. And that V2 voltage at the receiving coil (Fig. 1);
generated power is transferred to the load through inductive
coupling. By this the wireless power transmission can be 12 current at the receiving coil (Fig. I);
achieved.
For this we have designed the power transmitter M11 self-inductance of the transmitting coil;
unit and receiver unit using MAGNETV6 simulation
software. It consists of solar panel, power transmitter M22 self-inductance of the receiving coil;
circuit, receiver circuit and load.
M12 = M21 mutual inductance of the two coils;
II.DESIGN METHODLOGY
Power transfer is attained by magnetic induction K coupling coefficient between the two coils.
between the transmitter and receiver. In the Fig.l the basic
block diagram of WPT system was shown below. The design By Ohm's law,
methods basically concentrated on designing of coils.
TX = TX jXtx = VIII1 (4)

Zrx = Rrx + jXrx = V2112 (5)

r---o -
SOLAR INVERTER TRANS/vUSSION
f---o
BATTERY
PANEL F.-400KHz COIL
- The TX and RX elements can be equivalently
f---o r----
represented by a series RLC circuit. Helices are often
TRANSMITrER UNIT
preferred as TX and RX WPT elements because they exhibit
- -
both distributed inductance and capacitance, and therefore
L they can be designed to self-tune to a desired resonant
t---o .... 0
RECEIVING r--- BUCK INVERTER A
f---o

RECTIFIER
frequency without the need of external capacitors.
COIL CONVERTER F,-50Hz 0
r---
r---o .... Also, external capacitors have losses, which in
r--
practice can reduce the -factor of the TX and RX elements
RECEIVER UNIT
and in turn decrease the efficiency of WPT systems. Based
on the equivalent RLC circuit of a WPT system, its resonant
Fig.IBlock diagram of the solar based WPT system frequency can be calculated by the following equation:

In the basic block diagram a battery shown as a

Fres onance = _1 _ (6)
source which is going to get charged by solar panels, the ZSr �([,E

inverter is used to produce AC voltage. To transfer high

The resonant frequency is used to increase the
efficient power in the WPT system shown above impedance
system power transfer. After delivering power to transmitter
matching is very important.
coil through an impedance matching circuit by the
At transmitter side the inverter switching frequency
occurrence of magnetic resonance voltage will be induced in
is 400 K Hz and in receiver side the switching frequency is
the receiver coil. The received voltage is transferred to load
50Hz.ln the receiver block rectifier and buck converter is
through an impedance matching network and power regulator
used to get proper DC voltage. From that one inverter is
unit.
placed to produce AC supply to the load.
The voltage and current characteristics of the
III-DESIGNING OF COIL&SIMULATION RESULTS
transmitting and the receiving coils can be described using
the following
In this section the coil design for wireless power

VI = jwMlll1 + jwM1212 (1)

transfer system had been discussed. The wireless power
transfer system coil side simulation had done in

V2 = jwM21lI jwM2212 (2)

MAGNETV6 software, in this many type of core architecture
used to analyses the output. The output of the transmitter

M12 = {wi'l,lIIM22 (3)

coil, receiver coil can be calculated in the time harmonic 2D
simulation and the flux path of the transmitter to the receiver.

Where

V1 voltage at the transmitting coil (Fig. 1);

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2013 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC) 95

1iII1.a-MOiIII ....... go,..,�for>ol_ .... JIoIiII

" '//�
....... r<-
""14'I ___ � __ 1__ _

1)a:IiIA IUHUI t- tt \\\/IE::J3IJ3

O��. f' '' .D (;; I:tI:1 ... ..

I) �4'1/o4�fI '\ , � CU:l

f" ",
Q "'''' '''4�fl " " Q,.E:3

_Col _1r...1� � 1BI"=::3..::j::

.. j:
" j..i::j;:
.. � . =;:
" . :::;
:::;;: . =�
. =
. .=" :::;
=
. . ::;;:
=
. = , , O;:::3
" ' =.�'='=" �=
' '==
. " =::lii

.. .
�:
'i ':'.'.
::: =::::: :: ltI l

:;:
.. -

. L!��:"
-'

;=I_1->C. :;
�'
�.
·.1....

� R i�DMo �I
�:
�

�?:: transmitter coil receiver coil

'Ju_
.. ,.

I'
."'"

C.
.,

. .. �' -1 ..e.
+n •

1,_ .. 1_, 3 I
;...
,

0
• _1_1 .... _1 __1..- ....1..
� �
transmitter coil receiver coil
!!l !@I'"
8r"-=--'-'
,���-

- �-

_lII'l_1 :!I 1 J ___-"---___-'

Fig.2.a. core-I architecture

I
!
!
�'' _'_u�"""
,-I-I ""-,,...j_lMolC- lltul

CoIf1(ltl1wn'IJI"lUWlt'�1

.! 1ioI'/oIIo

" '//�CB3
fool« ... _...."'"
.-. " __ � __
01#111 " ,.. ..... 1 L. t:lI:J ... 1I-
0 4 ... ... -;- � � " " � E:3

Fig.2.e. core-V architecture

=-::i:
. ··d:S .:::i: . :;::;:
. i::: . .=:;;:
. =. =. .;: ::: .=
- = . .:;::;:
.=. =. =. .;:
=
. ::: . =. �
_1_1v.!W" rr-
J. .
-ZlCoI

. �, IiIIl

f*Ea�MoM�t_�!!N!_____ �

.. l� s:
1) � 1iI .! I g t:tt:t .... t;. \\\.// o!lrn
G .1> 4 ..T-':� f\ 'l. .. ' ��
f" ",

=::
! �J_� c..
+n .,.. •

. .... r..

:=.,
... _,_ 0 1
A
transmitter coil receiver coil
-.l
11-JlI-, il I
_
" _ • •

jl
I �1_1"" ...... I_"'lo.- _I
�'...
!· r .. --
- .. ··_ .. -
-�­

� .... -

Fig.2.b. core-II architecture

:l fIIotIInpl!\c(leool :!I 1 J

!! I!r--�-·
...... 1'-i"'�I .......io.- .... 1
________�

... Ilf t:l l1 l� t+ " '//�

""� ___ � __ 1__ _

CoIf2 l" I!ImZl<I" � II I11!1!n "'1Il

Cl�IiiI . ,..

! C oIfll"_'U"II_'1
Q"'4-"'4�fl " , o. E:j

.
��

Fig.2.f. core-VI architecture

.-
In the above Fig 2.a core-I architecture had been
transmitter coil
. . . designed. Copper is used as a conducting material. And the
j - .. 1-1 :3 I
I _1_1"'_1 __ 10- _I

""------'il
cold rolled steel used as core material .In this simulation

.. �'.- '"
-;
- �-
c..l ,'.''''I".'m .. �'"",,,
,
transmitter coil is wounded on cold rolled steel which is in
rectangular model. Receiver coil also used the same kind of
architecture to receive the power.
Fig.2.c. core-III architecture There will be different kind of design for every
system. Here also we tried some other design techniques to
" '//E:J:HEJ:B achieve good performance. Fig 2.b shows core-II
""1*t-_.....-.,"",",",,,"_1___

",',1:3
CI�liiI a ,.. ..... I ll ti t:ll: I I� H-
o ... ... �"o;. .q. �'
architecture. In this the core length gets modified. And the
1-
.
�a.:..
..J. ,. .. ., . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 4 .. � .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. " ,
>cl!J1;1. redesigned architecture is used.
• �, l1li 1.
��;::;:: ? :

-- --
In Fig 2.c core-III architecture uses E shape core in
transmitter and receiver. The core-IV architecture modified
.. fu;- .u
:;:
�
from core-III to increase the core area in order to achieve
�n :: :: g: .
tight coupling between transmitter and receiver in Fig 2.d. By
transmitter coil receiver coil
,
A •
•• �

. . ' tight coupling the losses will gets reduced. In Fig 2.e
.j -,,1 ,
�

I �1_1"' ....... I_""I __I

transmitter coil and receiver coil are wounded on circular
-;·
- �-
��
c � __ ".._...)
_ ..-
core. And in Fig 2.f four receivers used. Various types of
core design developed to get good performance of wireless
power transfer system.
Fig.2.d. core-IV architecture

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2013 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC) 96

Fig.3.d.simulation of core-IV architecture

Fig.3.a.simulation of core-I architecture

Fig.3.e.simulation of core-V architecture

Fig.3.b.simulation of core-II architecture

Fig.3.f.simulation of core-VI architecture

From above simulation results various types of core

architecture simulated to analyze best design. The black lines
in the figures (Fig 3.a-Fig 3.b) are the flux lines. The above
figures clearly show transferring of flux path from transmitter
coil to receiver coil. When the core architecture modified the
.Fig.3.c.simulation of core-III architecture
losses in the air gets reduced. Core-I architecture mostly
failed to transfer flux from transmitter to receiver. Then some
improved version of core-I architecture i.e. core-II has been
promoted to reduce the losses in the air but this type of
transmission also is not sufficient. Hence the design gets
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2013 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Comm unication (ICCPEIC) 97

another modification in core-III architecture to achieve more

flux transmission from transmitter to receiver. TABLE-II .C
Finally the losses in the air controlled in the core-IV COMPARISON BETWEEN VARIOUS COIL
architecture. And circular core design core-V architecture CONFIGURATIONS-DISTANCE-3CM
developed. From core-I - core -IV architecture all are
rectangular form but core-V architecture is circular. In the
rectangular core designs the flux path scattered in narrow Parameters Type-! Type-n Type-Ill Type-l\ Type-V
direction so we can connect one or two receiver. But in
circular form we can connect more than four receivers. From VI (V) nI.94 350 515.62 609.�2 m.5�
the results we decided to use coil-IV architecture for less
than two receivers &core-VI architecture for more than two
V1(V) 30.1 111.41 211.12 296. 54 109.%
receivers to get good efficient power transfer.

11 (A) 0.03 0.112 0.211 0.295 0.109

TABLE-I
PI (\�0 219.7 346.5 510.4 603.7 I�O
COIL PARAMETERS
Pl(\\0 .94 12.39 47.25 �1.65 12

Parameters Unit Value

VI =voltage induced in transmitter

Ls hlductance(�IH) 7.28 V2 = voltage induced in receiver

12 =current in receiver
F Frequency(Hz) 400k PI =power in transmitter
P2 = power in receiver
N Total No. of ulms 100
From Table-I.a-Table-I.c it is clearly explain about
Cp Parasitic capacitance(p� 5.8 the distance. When the distance gets increased the voltage
gets induced is reduced because of losses in the air. To
D Coil diameter(cm) 4 reduce the losses the core design should be in proper mode.
For this project the simulation helps in a good way to
design the coil side for both transmitter and receiver. Since in
Above values are the key values for designing the WPT system coil designing was major part for transferring
transmitter and receiver. Both the transmitter and receiver power even there were many components like impedance
configured with same parameters to get high transfer transformation network, power regulator unit.
efficiency.
The core design had developed to achieve higher transfer
TABLE-III:
TABLE-II .B SINGLE RECEIVER AND MULTIPLE RECEIVERS -
COMPARISON BETWEEN VARIOUS COIL DISTANCE-3CM
CONFIGURATIONS-DISTANCE-2CM

Parameters Transmitter Receiver-I Receiver-2 Receiver-3 Receiver-4

Parameters Type-! Type-IT Type-Ill Type-l\ Type-V
VI 01) 224.4� 5)2.7 554 677.6 m.6
Voltage(v) 6925 410.9 409.4 40U 409
V101) j)J 12Hl 272J6 374.76 122.29
Cun-ent(A) 4 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.4
!l(A) o.ooon 0.121 0.27 OJ7 0.12

PI (\\0 222 j49.04 54�.46 670.�9 m.n Power(W) 2110 16�j5 161 166.1 161

P1(\\0 1.4 14.95 74.05 140.16 lU7

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2013 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC) 98

In tabIe-III core-VI architecture uses with one transmitter approximately Rs.1.5Lacs.The payback period is 6 years
and four receiver. The receivers equally receive the power when used daily for 15 hours at the TNEB tariff plan.
transmitted from single transmitter.
Solar panel for lK W = Rs.150, 000
The simulation results are compared with different type of
Inverter = Rs. 7,000
core design and the distance between the transmitter and
receiver. From the results transmitter coil and receiver coil
designing had completed. Total = Rs.157, 000
For a day 15 hour usage then the power consumed is
15units (K Wh)
IV.HARDWARE DESIGN For two months total power consumed =60*15=900units
(K Wh)
Total tariff =4140 Payback period =6 years

From above calculations the payback period is very

shorter. Hence the solar based wireless power transfer system
is practically suitable for limited distance. The transfer
efficiency of the system is improved. Larger transfer distance
is achieved in this project. From the simulation results the
designing of the transmitter coil and receiver coil
implemented in hardware to demonstrate the wireless power
transfer system using solar energy. This project further can
be improved with high technological parameters like
monitoring of each load in a house. The power consumption
Fig 4.Receiver side of WPT system charges, total power consumption, total power generated will
be send to the power distributors.

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