Science lesson plan format: 6th to 10th:

Date:
School name and logo:SHREE KRISHNA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, KALWADA
Teacher’s Name: Mrs HiralHiralSolanki
Std: 8
Subject: Science
Topic: Coal and Petroleum
Days to finish the chapter: 15
This chapter will be done in which month and week: June
This chapter will be tested in which exam: PT –I and Term 1
Worksheet attached: test paper attached
a. Learning objectives
1. Definition and Characteristics:
 Students will understand the properties and characteristics of coal and petroleum, including their composition, formation processes, and physical
properties.
2. Formation Processes:
 Students will learn about the geological processes involved in the formation of coal and petroleum, including the role of organic material,
sedimentation, heat, and pressure over millions of years.
3. Types and Varieties:
 Students will be able to differentiate between different types of coal (lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, anthracite) and petroleum products
(crude oil, natural gas, tar sands).
4. Uses and Applications:
 Students will understand the various uses and applications of coal and petroleum in daily life and industry, including electricity generation,
heating, transportation, and manufacturing.
7. Awareness and Responsibility:
 Students will develop awareness of the environmental and social implications of coal and petroleum use and recognize the importance of
responsible resource management and conservation.
9. Interdisciplinary Connections:
 Students will integrate knowledge from science, geography, and social studies to understand the broader context of coal and petroleum use,
including economic, political, and environmental factors.
10. Real-world Application:
 Students will apply their understanding of coal and petroleum to real-world scenarios, such as evaluating energy policies, advocating for
sustainable practices, or proposing alternative energy solutions.
Classroom Activities to Achieve Learning Objectives
1. Experiments and Demonstrations:
 Conduct experiments to demonstrate the properties of coal and petroleum, such as combustion reactions, energy content, and physical
characteristics.
2. Research Projects:
 Assign students to research the formation processes, uses, environmental impacts, and future prospects of coal and petroleum, culminating in
presentations or reports.
3. Debates and Discussions:
 Organize debates or discussions on topics such as "Should we reduce our dependence on fossil fuels?" or "What are the challenges of
transitioning to renewable energy sources?"
4. Field Trips and Guest Speakers:
 Arrange field trips to coal mines, petroleum refineries, or renewable energy facilities, or invite guest speakers from industry or environmental
organizations to share their expertise.
By achieving these learning objectives, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of coal and petroleum, their uses, impacts, and
alternatives, and gain the skills and values necessary for informed decision-making and responsible citizenship.
b. Pre knowledge: Students already know about natural resources and some examples of it.
c. Story as a pedagogy:
About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low lying wetland areas. Due to natural processes, like flooding, these forests got
buried under the soil. As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under
high pressure and high temperature, dead plants got slowly converted to coal. As coal contains mainly carbon, the slow process of conversion of
dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation. Since it was formed from the remains of vegetation, coal is also called a fossil fuel
When heated in air, coal burns and produces mainly carbon dioxide gas. Coal is processed in industry to get some useful products such as coke,
coal tar and coal gas. Coke It is a tough, porous and black substance. It is an almost pure form of carbon. Coke is used in the manufacture of
steel and in the extraction of many metals. Coal Tar It is a black, thick liquid (Fig. 3.3) with an unpleasant smell. It is a mixture of about 200
substances. Products obtained from coal tar are used as starting materials for manufacturing various substances used in everyday life and in
industry, like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc. Interestingly,
naphthalene balls used to repel moths and other insects are also obtained from coal tar.
d. Sub themes: mindmap
 Sub Teaching Aids and pedagogy used. Preparation for the subtopic introduction
theme:
1. INTRODUC Meanin 1. ConductTextbook -List the various materials used
TION g/ ineverydaylifeandclassifythemas
Activity3.1and3.2
definitio naturalandman-made.
n/ 2. Use the given link to learn -Based on the availability of
concept aboutnaturalandman- variousresourcesinnature,naturalresour
and madeandExhaustibleNatural cescanbe broadly classified into:
connecti Resources and ExhaustibleNatural Resources and
on to InexhaustibleNaturalResourc InexhaustibleNaturalResources.
previou es.
sly https://www.youtube.com/watch?
learnt v=crs2e2KWFT0

topics

Value Critical thinking questions Extra information and gk based Recap questions
based info
questio
ns

Why is What are the economic challenges and1. What is the definition of Mention
it benefits associated with shifting from exhaustible natural resources?
importa exhaustible to inexhaustible resources? Exhaustible natural resources are
nt to use finite resources that can be depleted
exhausti over time due to excessive use and
ble cannot be replenished on a human
resource timescale.
s like 2. What is the definition of
coal and inexhaustible natural resources?
petroleu Inexhaustible natural resources are
m resources that are abundant and
responsi cannot be depleted by human use
bly, because they are naturally
consider replenished.
ing 3. Give three examples of exhaustible
future natural resources.
generati Examples include coal, petroleum,
ons and natural gas.
4. Give three examples of
inexhaustible natural resources.
Examples include sunlight, wind,
and geothermal energy.
Detailed Understanding
5. How is coal formed?
Coal is formed from plant material
that was buried under sediment and
subjected to heat and pressure over
millions of years.
6. What are the main uses of
petroleum?
Petroleum is used for fuels (such as
gasoline and diesel), plastics,
chemicals, and heating.
7. What are the benefits of using
solar energy?
Solar energy is abundant, renewable,
 and has low operational costs after
installation.
8. What challenges are associated
with wind energy?
Wind energy can be intermittent
(depends on wind), and wind
turbines can impact wildlife, such as
birds and bats.

Sub Teaching Aids and pedagogy used. Preparation for the subtopic introduction
theme:
2. Coal coal can Show a video (5-7 minutes) that 1. Explain how coal and petroleum are
be details the formation of coal and 2. By performing following activity formed. Use diagrams and charts to
defined petroleum. 3. Distribution: Divide the class into illustrate the process.
as a small groups (3-4 students each).
naturall 4. Observation: Coal: Formed from dead plant material
y that was buried under layers of sediment
Give each group a sample of coal. and subjected to heat and pressure over
occurrin
g Provide magnifying glasses and millions of years.
combust safety gloves.
ible 5. Examination:
sedimen
tary Have students observe and note the
rock coal's color, texture, and hardness.
compos Ask them to sketch their coal sample
ed and label its parts.
primaril
y of
carbon
along
with
various
other
element
s, such
as
hydroge
n,
sulfur,
oxygen,
and
nitrogen

Value Critical thinking questions Extra information and gk based Recap questions
based info
questio
ns
How does the use of coal contribute Mention
What
to global warming? Historical Background
kind of
world
1. Ancient Use:
do we
want to Coal has been used as a fuel since
leave ancient times. The Chinese are
known to have used coal as early as
for
1000 BCE.
future
generat
2. Industrial Revolution:
ions in
terms The Industrial Revolution in the 18th
of and 19th centuries was heavily
energy powered by coal. It was a crucial
use, energy source for steam engines,
environ factories, and transportation.
mental
protecti
Formation and Types
on, and
public 3. Formation:
health? Coal is formed from the remains of
How ancient plants that were buried and
does subjected to intense heat and
coal fit pressure over millions of years. This
process is known as coalification.
into
this
4. Types of Coal:
vision?
There are four main types of coal:
Anthracite: The hardest and highest
carbon content, with the highest
energy content.
Bituminous: Used primarily for
electricity generation and steel
production.
Sub-bituminous: Lower carbon
content than bituminous coal, used
mainly for electricity generation.
Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, with
the lowest carbon content and
 energy, often used in power plants.

Sub Teaching Aids and pedagogy used. Preparation for the subtopic introduction
theme:
Petroleum
1. -Begin with a brief discussion to activate
prior knowledge.
-Ask: "What do you know about
petroleum?"
-Write students' responses on the board.
2. -Show a short introductory video about
petroleum
Value Critical thinking questions Extra information and gk based
based info 3. Recap questions
questio
ns
What is petroleum and how is it
How do Historical Background 4. 1.What are the advantages of using CNG and
you formed?
LPG as fuels?
think Why is petroleum considered an
our important resource in the modern 1. Ancient Use: 5. 2. Name the petroleum product used for
depende world? Petroleum has been used since surfacing of roads.
nce on ancient times. Early civilizations like
petroleu the Babylonians and Egyptians used
m it for waterproofing boats and as a
affects binding material in construction.
the
planet, 2. First Commercial Well:
and
The first successful oil well was
what
drilled by Edwin Drake in 1859 in
responsi
Titusville, Pennsylvania, marking
bilities
the beginning of the modern
do we
petroleum industry.
have to
protect Formation and Extraction
the
environ 3. Formation:
ment for
future Petroleum is formed from the
generati remains of tiny marine organisms
ons? that lived millions of years ago.
These remains were buried under
layers of sediment and subjected to
heat and pressure, transforming them
into hydrocarbons.

4. Primary Extraction Methods:

Oil is extracted using methods like
drilling, where a well is drilled into
the earth to reach the oil reservoir.
Enhanced recovery techniques, such
as injecting water, gas, or chemicals,
are used to extract additional oil
from fields that are no longer
productive through primary recovery
methods.

Global Reserves and Production

5. Largest Reserves:
The largest proven oil reserves are in
Venezuela, followed by Saudi
Arabia, Canada, and Iran.

6. Top Producers:
 The top oil-producing countries are
the United States, Saudi Arabia, and
Russia. These countries produce
significant amounts of oil to meet
global demand.

Refining and Products

7. Refining Process:
Crude oil is refined through a
process called distillation, where it is
heated and separated into various
components like gasoline, diesel,
kerosene, jet fuel, and lubricating
oils.

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