0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views8 pages

Kim 2019

solar loading 2

Uploaded by

Ajinkya Jagtap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views8 pages

Kim 2019

solar loading 2

Uploaded by

Ajinkya Jagtap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

7KHUPDO0RGHOLQJRI$LU&RROHG2XWGRRU'LJLWDO'LVSOD\V

-HKR.LP<RJHQGUD-RVKL
*HRUJLD,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\
7KH*HRUJH::RRGUXII6FKRRORI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
$WODQWD*$
(PDLOMNLP#JDWHFKHGX

-0LFKDHO%URZQ.HYLQ2¶&RQQRU0DUFRV'LD]
0DQXIDFWXULQJ5HVRXUFHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO 05, 
$OSKDUHWWD*$
(PDLOPLNHEURZQ#PULLQFQHW

$V OLTXLG FU\VWDO GLVSOD\ /&'  WHFKQRORJ\ DGYDQFHV WR
$%675$&7
ODUJHU VL]HV DQG KLJKHU UHVROXWLRQ PDQ\ FRPSDQLHV DUH
7KH WKHUPDO GHVLJQ SURFHVV IRU PDQ\ HOHFWURQLF SURGXFWV H[SORULQJ WKHLU XVH IRU RXWGRRU VLJQDJH DV D UHSODFHPHQW IRU
RIWHQPLQLPL]HVWKHXVHRIFRPSXWDWLRQDOIOXLGG\QDPLFVDQG WUDGLWLRQDOSRVWHUDGYHUWLVLQJ7KHPDMRULW\RI/&'VDUHPHDQW
KHDWWUDQVIHU &)'+7 VRIWZDUHLQIDYRURITXLFNSURWRW\SLQJ WR EH XVHG LQGRRUV ZLWK OLWWOH WR QR H[SRVXUH WR WKH RSHQ
DQG WHVWLQJ WR GHWHUPLQH WKH WKHUPDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH HQYLURQPHQWVXFKDVWKHFRQVXPHUWHOHYLVLRQRUWKHFRPSXWHU
SURGXFW )RU ODUJHVFDOH SURGXFWV ZLWK PDQ\ WKHUPDO PRQLWRU <HW GXH WR KLJKHU GHPDQG IRU RXWGRRU XVHV VXFK
FKDOOHQJHVVXFKDVWUDWHJ\LVLPSUDFWLFDOGXHWRWKHKLJKFRVWRI GLJLWDO GLVSOD\V KDYH EHFRPH PRUH FRPPRQ LQ VWUHHWV EXV
SURWRW\SLQJ F\FOHV WLPH FRQVWUDLQWV DQG WKH LQHYLWDEOH VWRSV DQG RWKHU SXEOLF IDFLOLWLHV 8QOLNH WKH GLVSOD\V WKDW DUH
LWHUDWLRQV LQYROYHG ,Q VXFK FDVHV WKRURXJK &)'+7 PRGHOV GHSOR\HG LQGRRUV WKH GLJLWDO GLVSOD\V SODFHG RXWGRRUV IDFH
GHYHORSHG HDUO\ LQ WKH GHVLJQ SURFHVV DUH YHU\ YDOXDEOH IRU FKDOOHQJHV WKDW XQLTXHO\ DULVH IURP WKHLU H[SRVXUH WR VRODU
GULYLQJ WKH SURGXFW GHVLJQ %DVHG RQ WKLV LGHD WKH VWXG\ LUUDGLDQFHDQGWKHRSHQHQYLURQPHQW6RPHRIWKHVHLQFOXGH 
H[DPLQHV WKHUPDO PDQDJHPHQW DQG SHUIRUPDQFH RI D ´ H[SRVXUHWRKLJKDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH GLUHFWVRODULUUDGLDWLRQ
RXWGRRU GLJLWDO GLVSOD\ XVLQJ &)'+7 VRIWZDUH 6LPXODWLRQ   SRZHU FRQVXPSWLRQ QHFHVVDU\ IRU DFKLHYLQJ VXQOLJKW
UHVXOWV DUH REWDLQHG LQ WKH UDQJH RI HQYLURQPHQWDO UHDGDELOLW\ DQG   SRVVLEOH FRUURVLRQ LQ VHQVLWLYH GLVSOD\
WHPSHUDWXUHLUUDGLDQFH YDOXHV WKDW FDQ EH H[SHULPHQWDOO\ FRPSRQHQWVGXHWRPRLVWXUHGXVWDQGSROOXWLRQLQWKHDPELHQW
REWDLQHG7KHH[SHULPHQWDOGDWDDQGVLPXODWLRQVDUHFRPSDUHG DLU
WRVHHLIWKH\DUHLQDJRRGDJUHHPHQW7KHVLPXODWLRQVDUHWKHQ 7KHGHVLJQDQGHQJLQHHULQJDSSURDFKWRGHDOZLWKWKHDERYH
XVHG WR PDNH SUHGLFWLRQV IRU SHUIRUPDQFH XQGHU KDUVK FKDOOHQJHV YDU\ IURP RQH SURGXFW WR WKH RWKHU )RU 05, DOO
HQYLURQPHQWV7KHVWXG\H[DPLQHVYDULDWLRQLQUHVXOWVEHWZHHQ SRVVLEOH FKDOOHQJHV UHVLGLQJ LQ WKH RXWGRRU GLJLWDO GLVSOD\V
WZR GLIIHUHQW VRIWZDUH PHVK HOHPHQW VL]HV DQG PHVKLQJ LQIOXHQFHGWKHGHVLJQWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHGLVSOD\VFDQWKULYHLQ
WHFKQLTXHV,WLVVKRZQWKDW&)'+7VRIWZDUHFDQEHXVHGDVD KD]DUGRXV HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQV 7R RYHUFRPH WKH DERYH
PHDQVRIPDNLQJFRQVHUYDWLYHGHVLJQFKRLFHV WKHUPDOFKDOOHQJHV05,GHYHORSHGDLUWRDLUKHDWH[FKDQJHUV
 IRURXWGRRUGLJLWDOGLVSOD\V7KHDLUWRDLUKHDWH[FKDQJHUVDUH
.(< :25'6 FRPSXWDWLRQDO IOXLG G\QDPLFV KHDW WUDQVIHU GHVLJQHG LQ YDU\LQJ GHJUHHV RI FRPSOH[LW\ GHSHQGLQJ RQ
/&'05,LUUDGLDQFH GLVSOD\ VL]H EXW HDFK GHVLJQ XVHV H[WHUQDO DPELHQW DLU IRU
 FRROLQJWKHGLVSOD\ 2SHQORRSRU2/ ZKLOHWKHLQWHUQDOVRI
WKHGLVSOD\DUHFRPSOHWHO\VHDOHGDQGWKHLQWHUQDODLU &ORVHG
120(1&/$785( ORRS RU &/  QHYHU PL[HV ZLWK WKH 2/ DLU >@ 7KLV FDQ EH
$ VXUIDFHDUHDP UHIHUUHGWRDV2/&/FRROLQJ8OWLPDWHO\UHJDUGOHVVRIWKHW\SH
&)' FRPSXWDWLRQDOIOXLGG\QDPLFV RIFRROLQJDQGGHVLJQWKHGLJLWDOGLVSOD\VQHHGWREHWHVWHGDQG
( LUUDGLDQFH:P SURYHQ LQ RUGHU WR EH FRPPHUFLDOO\ VROG LQ D FRPSHWLWLYH
+7 KHDWWUDQVIHU PDUNHW7KHUPDOO\ VSHDNLQJWKH /&'FHOOLVRQH RIWKH PRVW
,5 LQIUDUHG VHQVLWLYH FRPSRQHQWV LQ UHVSRQVH WR WKH HQYLURQPHQWDO
/&' OLTXLGFU\VWDOGLVSOD\ WHPSHUDWXUH7KHRSHUDWLQJOLPLWVYDU\GHSHQGLQJRQWKHW\SH
/(' OLJKWHPLWWLQJGLRGH RI/&'EXWWKHW\SLFDOORZHUDQGXSSHUWHPSHUDWXUHOLPLWVDUH
2/ RSHQORRS GHILQHGWREHƒ&DQGƒ&UHVSHFWLYHO\>@IRUWKH/&'V
4 KHDWORDG: XVHG LQ DOO RXWGRRU GLJLWDO GLVSOD\V E\ 05, WKH SHUPLVVLEOH
89 XOWUDYLROHW WHPSHUDWXUHFDQEHDVKLJKDVƒ&
$VHOHFWULFDOSRZHULVFRQVWDQWO\VXSSOLHGDQGGLVVLSDWHGE\
*UHHNV\PEROV LQWHUQDO FLUFXLW ERDUGV DQG DOVR GXH WR WKH SUHVHQFH RI VRODU
Į DEVRUSWLRQIDFWRU LUUDGLDWLRQ WKH GLVSOD\ H[SHULHQFHV D WHPSHUDWXUH ULVH DERYH
 DPELHQWWKDWPXVWEHPDQDJHG:KLOHWKHVRODULUUDGLDQFHDWWKH
,1752'8&7,21 WRSRIWKHDWPRVSKHUHLVREVHUYHGWREHDERYH:PWKLV
YDOXH GHFUHDVHV GRZQ WR DSSUR[LPDWHO\  :P DW WKH
JURXQG OHYHO ZKHQ QRUPDO WR WKH VXUIDFH >@ 7R PDNH

978-1-7281-2461-2/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 391 18th IEEE ITHERM Conference


FRQVHUYDWLYH GHVLJQ FKRLFHV 05, KDV FKRVHQ PD[LPXP :RISRZHULVVXSSOLHGWRWKH/('WLOHV7KHDFWXDO/('WLOHV
WHPSHUDWXUHRIƒ&DQGGLUHFWVRODULUUDGLDQFHRI:P DUHPDGHRIDQDOXPLQXPVXEVWUDWHZLWK/('DUUD\ORFDWHGRQ
DVDWHVWLQJFULWHULRQ RQH VLGH DQG WRWDO RI  WLOHV DUH SUHVHQW SHU GLVSOD\ )RU WKH
'XH WR PDMRU GLIILFXOWLHV LQ H[SHULPHQW VHWXSV IRU WKH VLPXODWLRQWKHWLOHVDUHDVVXPHGWREHDVLQJOHFRPSRQHQW7KH
H[WUHPH HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQV DV GHILQHG DERYH LQSXWSRZHUWRWKH/('WLOHVLVGHWHUPLQHGHPSLULFDOO\ZKHUH
VLPXODWLRQV IURP &)'+7 VRIWZDUH DUH XVHG LQ FRQMXQFWLRQ  RI WKH SRZHU LV GLVVLSDWHG DV KHDW LQ WKH /(' WLOHV
ZLWK FRPSOLPHQWDU\ RXWGRRU WHVWLQJ 7R H[DPLQH WKH WKHPVHOYHV7KHUHPDLQLQJRIWKHLQSXWSRZHUWRWKH/('
SHUIRUPDQFH RI RXWGRRU GLVSOD\V XQGHU VHYHUH FRQGLWLRQV WLOHVLVDVVXPHGWREHDEVRUEHGE\WKHDLULQWKHEDFNOLJKWFDYLW\
&)'+7DQDO\VLVLVSHUIRUPHGDQGYDOLGDWHGE\FRPSDULQJWKH DQ DLU JDS EHWZHHQ /&' DQG /(' WLOHV  2Q WKH GRPDLQ
H[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVDWDSSURSULDWHHQYLURQPHQWDOVHWWLQJV7KLV ERXQGDULHV D IL[HG WHPSHUDWXUH LV DVVXPHG RQ IRXU VLGH
SDSHUH[DPLQHVDQ\UHVXOWGHSHQGHQF\RQWKHJULGSDWWHUQVDQG VXUIDFHV DV WKH VXUURXQGLQJ DLU WHPSHUDWXUH LV WR EH NHSW
FRQIRUPLQJQRQFRQIRUPLQJ PHVK 7KH &)'+7 UHVXOWV DUH FRQVWDQW7ZR2/IDQVSODFHGRQWKHWRSVXUIDFHRIWKHGLJLWDO
FRPSDUHG ZLWK H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV IRU YDOLGDWLRQ ,Q ODUJH GLVSOD\SXOOWKHDLUIURPWKHERWWRPVRSUHVVXUHLQOHWLVDVVXPHG
RXWGRRU/&'GLVSOD\VDODUJHSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHKHDWORDGLVGXH RQWKH ERWWRP VLGHRIWKHIOXLGGRPDLQDQGSUHVVXUHRXWOHWLV
WR VRODU ORDGLQJ DQG WKH LUUDGLDWLRQ VRXUFH IRU WHVWLQJ PXVW XVHGDFFRUGLQJO\RQWKHUHPDLQLQJWRSVLGHRIWKHIOXLGGRPDLQ
FORVHO\PDWFKWKHVXQ¶VLUUDGLDQFH)RUDQHIIHFWLYHVLPXODWLRQ >@
WUXH VRODU WHVWLQJ LV SHUIRUPHG LQ OLHX RI FKDPEHU WHVWLQJ 8VLQJ ,&(3$. IURP $16<6 WKH ILUVW VLPXODWLRQ LV
PRWLYDWHGE\WKHQHHGWRH[DFWO\PDWFKWKHVSHFWUDOFRQWHQWDQG SHUIRUPHGIRUWKHH[WUHPHHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVHWWLQJZLWK
XQLIRUPLW\RIWKHVXQ¶VLUUDGLDQFH$XQLTXHPHWKRGRORJ\IRU WKHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHRIƒ&DQGVRODULUUDGLDQFHRI
H[WUDSRODWLQJVRODUORDGWRSHDNOHYHOVLVGHVFULEHG :P $IWHU REWDLQLQJ D FRQYHUJLQJ VROXWLRQ IURP WKH ILUVW
 VLPXODWLRQ WKH VDPH PRGHO LV XVHG WR FRQGXFW PXOWLSOH
VLPXODWLRQVZLWKGLIIHUHQWDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHDQGLUUDGLDQFH
352%/(0)2580$7,21
VHWWLQJV)RUWKHVHVLPXODWLRQVWKHDPELHQWDLUDQGVXUURXQGLQJ
6LPXODWLRQ6HWXSDQG3URFHGXUH 7RUHSOLFDWHWKHHIIHFW WHPSHUDWXUHDUHVHWWRWKHHQYLURQPHQWWHPSHUDWXUHDVPHDVXUHG
RIDPELHQWHQYLURQPHQWWKHIOXLGGRPDLQPDUNHGDVDJUHHQ GXULQJWKHH[SHULPHQWUDQJLQJIURPWRƒ&7KHWXUEXOHQFH
FXERLGLQ)LJXUHDLVVHWODUJHHQRXJKWRFRPSOHWHO\HQFORVH PRGHOLVVHWWRPRGLILHG.İDQGWKHUDGLDWLRQPRGHOLVVHWWR
WKHGLVSOD\$VLGHIURPWKHKHDWORDGVWKDWUHVXOWIURPWKHSRZHU 5D\WUDFLQJ$GGLWLRQDOVLPXODWLRQVDUHSHUIRUPHGWRH[DPLQH
FRQVXPSWLRQLQGLJLWDOFLUFXLWERDUGVSRZHUPRGXOHVDQGIDQV WKH HIIHFWV RI JULG VL]H DQG WKH GLIIHUHQFH LQ WKH UHVXOWV RI
WKH VRODU LUUDGLDQFH SURMHFWLQJ RQ WKH VXQVLGHG GLVSOD\ FRQIRUPLQJDQGQRQFRQIRUPLQJPHVK8VLQJQRQFRQIRUPLQJ
FRPSRQHQWV LV UHSODFHG ZLWK KHDW ORDGV LQ WHUPV RI SRZHU PHVK WR HIIHFWLYHO\ UHGXFH WKH WRWDO HOHPHQW DQG QRGH FRXQW
GHILQHGE\WKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQ ZKLOH DOORFDWLQJ KLJK JULG GHQVLW\ LQ WKH UHJLRQV RI
 4 Įā(ā$  KLJKVHQVLWLYH SUHVVXUH DQG WHPSHUDWXUH JUDGLHQW WKH PHVK LV
ZKHUHWKHDEVRUSWLRQIDFWRUĮLVDYDULDEOHQRWWREHFRQIXVHG JHQHUDWHGUDQJLQJIURPPLOOLRQWRPLOOLRQ$VWKHXVHRI
ZLWKDEVRUSWLYLW\GHWHUPLQHGE\WKHWUXHVRODUWHVWLQJGHVFULEHG QRQFRQIRUPLQJ PHVK UHVXOWV LQ LQFRPSDWLELOLW\ GXH WR
LQH[SHULPHQWDOVHWXSDQGSURFHGXUHVHFWLRQ)RUOLJKWHPLWWLQJ DSSUR[LPDWLRQVLQVKDSHIXQFWLRQVWKHGDWDYDULDQFHEHWZHHQ
GLRGH /(' WLOHVLQEDFNOLJKWWRWDOSRZHUDSSOLHGWRWKH/(' WKH QRQFRQIRUPLQJ DQG FRQIRUPLQJ PHVK WHFKQLTXH LV
WLOHVDUHGHWHUPLQHGEDVHGRQVHYHUDOIDFWRUV LHWUDQVPLVVLRQ FRPSDUHGWRREVHUYHWKHFRQVHTXHQFHRIQRQFRQIRUPLQJPHVK
WKURXJKYDQGDOJODVVWUDQVPLVVLRQWKURXJKRSWLFDOVWDFNSRZHU LQPDFURVFDOH&)'+7VLPXODWLRQ
FRQVXPSWLRQ QHFHVVDU\ IRU WKH GHVLUHG EULJKWQHVV RI WKH ([SHULPHQWDO 6HWXS DQG 3URFHGXUH 7R YDOLGDWH WKH
GLVSOD\  7R DFKLHYH D GHVLUHG EULJKWQHVV RI  QLWV IRU VLPXODWLRQUHVXOWVDQGXVHWKHVLPXODWLRQWRROWRIXUWKHUSUHGLFW
VXQOLJKWUHDGDELOLW\LQ´GLJLWDOGLVSOD\FRQILJXUDWLRQ WKHWKHUPDOEHKDYLRURIWKHGLVSOD\XQLWLQH[WUHPHHQYLURQPHQW
FRQGLWLRQWHPSHUDWXUHGDWDRQWKH/&'LVREWDLQHGDWYDULRXV
DPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHDQGLUUDGLDQFHVHWWLQJLQWKHH[SHULPHQW
)LJXUH  GHSLFWV WKH JHRPHWU\ DQG GLPHQVLRQ RI ´ RXWGRRU
GLJLWDOGLVSOD\DQGWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHUPRFRXSOHV /WR/ DQG
S\UDQRPHWHULVVKRZQ:KLOHLWLVQRWVKRZQLQWKHILJXUHDQ
DPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHSUREHLVDOVRSODFHGLQDQRSHQVSDFHWR
FRQVWDQWO\ FDSWXUH WKH HQYLURQPHQWDO WHPSHUDWXUH GDWD 7KH
WKHUPRFRXSOHV DUH SODFHG RQ WRS DQG PLGGOH SRUWLRQ RI /&'
VFUHHQLQDQRSHQVSDFHRIDLUJDSVPPDQGPPLQOHQJWK
LQXSULJKWSRVLWLRQ VHH)LJXUHD 7KHS\UDQRPHWHULVSODFHG
RQWKHWRSRIWKHIURQWYDQGDOJODVVDQGLVXVHGWRPHDVXUHJOREDO
VKRUWZDYH UDGLDWLRQ QRUPDO WR WKH VXUIDFH LQ WKH ZDYHOHQJWK
UDQJHRIWRQP
7KH WHVWLQJ LV FRQGXFWHG XQGHU SRZHU VHWWLQJV QHHGHG WR
DFKLHYHQLWEULJKWQHVV7RPLQLPL]HDQ\LQFRQVLVWHQWDQG
D E LUUHOHYDQWHIIHFWVWKHGDWDDUHREWDLQHGLQDQRSHQVSDFHZLWKDV
)LJ D ,VRPHWULFYLHZRIWKHGLJLWDOGLVSOD\DQG E  OLWWOH UDGLDWLQJ REMHFWV DQG VKDGRZV IURP QHDUE\ REMHFWV DV
ORFDWLRQRIWKHUPRFRXSOHVDQGS\UDQRPHWHU SRVVLEOH )RU VLPXODWLRQ XVHV LQ RUGHU WR PDWFK WKH VSHFWUDO
D

E
)LJ&XWSODQHYLHZRI D 2/KHDWH[FKDQJHUZLWKWKHUPRFRXSOHORFDWLRQVDQG E &/KHDWH[FKDQJHU

FRQWHQWDQGXQLIRUPLW\RIVRODULUUDGLDWLRQLQOLHXRILPSRVLQJ DVVXPHGWKDWQRVRODULUUDGLDQFHSHQHWUDWHVWKURXJKWKH/&'
DVRODUKHDWIOX[RQWKHVXQVLGHRIWKHGRPDLQWRUHSOLFDWHWKH DQG DOO LUUDGLDQFH WKDW SDVVHV WKURXJK WKH YDQGDO JODVV LV
HIIHFWRIWKHVXQWKHKHDWORDGRQILUVWIHZOD\HUVRIWKHGLVSOD\ DEVRUEHGE\WKH/&'7KHDEVRUSWLRQIDFWRUREWDLQHGIURPWKH
IDFLQJ WKH VXQ LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ PHDVXULQJ WKH LQFLGHQW VRODU WUXHVRODUWHVWLQJLVPXOWLSOLHGE\WKHPHDVXUHGVRODULUUDGLDWLRQ
LUUDGLDWLRQWKDWSDVVHVWKURXJKWKHYDQGDOJODVVWRWKH/&',WLV DQGFRPSRQHQWGLPHQVLRQ>@WRJHWWKHDSSUR[LPDWHKHDWORDG
DVGHILQHGLQ (T 7KHDSSUR[LPDWHGKHDWORDGLVXVHGLQVXQ
VLGHGGLVSOD\VWRUHSOLFDWHWKHHIIHFWRILUUDGLDQFH

5(68/76$1'',6&866,21
7UXH 6RODU 7HVWLQJ 5HVXOWV 7KH WUXH VRODU WHVWLQJ LV
FRQGXFWHGLQZKLFKWKHS\UDQRPHWHULVSODFHGIURQWDQGEDFNRI
D JURXS RI YDQGDO JODVV WR GHWHUPLQH KRZ PXFK LUUDGLDQFH
SDVVHV WKURXJK RU JHWV DEVRUEHG )RU WKLV SDUWLFXODU YDQGDO
JODVV  RI WKH LUUDGLDQFH PDGH LW WKURXJK Of the 74% of
total irradiance that has passed through the vandal glass, it is
assumed that 100% of that irradiance is absorbed by the LCD
on the sun-side RI FRXUVH WKLV LV WKH ZRUVWFDVH VFHQDULR LQ
ZKLFKWKHVLPXODWLRQZLOORYHUHVWLPDWHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRIWKH
/&'EXWDOORZVDFRQVHUYDWLYHUHVXOW)RUWKHWKDWZDVQRW D E
DEOHWRPDNHLWWKURXJKWKHVRODULUUDGLDQFHLVDVVXPHGWREH )LJ7HPSHUDWXUHFRQWRXURI D /&'DQG E /('XQGHU
DEVRUEHG E\ WKH JODVV %\ WDNLQJ WKH IUDFWLRQ RI LUUDGLDQFH H[WUHPHHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQ
EHIRUHDQGDIWHUWKHSHQHWUDWLRQWKHRYHUDOODEVRUSWLRQIDFWRU
ĮLVGHWHUPLQHG7KHDEVRUSWLRQIDFWRULVWKHQPXOWLSOLHGE\WKH LWLVVKRZQWKDWWKHFRROLQJHIIHFWIURP&/GLPLQLVKHVRQWKH
QRUPDO DUHD XQGHU WKH HIIHFW RI LUUDGLDQFH DQG WKH DPRXQW RI ULJKWVLGH VHH)LJXUHD 7KHSUHVHQFHRIORZWHPSHUDWXUHLQ
KHDWIOX[WRGHWHUPLQHWKHDSSURSULDWHKHDWORDGWKDWVKRXOGEH WKH ORZHU UHJLRQ RI /&' DQG /(' LV GXH WR D VLPLODU HIIHFW
DOORFDWHG LQ HDFK GLVSOD\ FRPSRQHQW E\ XVLQJ (T   7KH ZKHUH2/IDQEORZVWKHDLUIURPWKHERWWRPWRWRSDQGPRVWRI
UHVXOWLQJDEVRUSWLRQIDFWRUDQGKHDWORDGXVHGIRUWKHVLPXODWLRQ WKHFRROLQJHIIHFWWDNHVSODFHLQWKHERWWRPUHJLRQLQDGGLWLRQ
DUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH)RUWKHVLPXODWLRQWKHKHDWORDGLQWKH WRWKHQDWXUDOFRQYHFWLRQZKLFKWUDSVKRWDLULQWKHXSSHUVHFWLRQ
JURXSRIYDQGDOJODVVLVDVVXPHGWREHHYHQO\GLVWULEXWHGZKLFK RIWKHGLVSOD\ VHH)LJXUHE 
LVQRWWUXHLQUHDOLW\DVPRVWRIWKHLUUDGLDQFHZRXOGEHDEVRUEHG ([SHULPHQWDO5HVXOWV)RUWKHH[SHULPHQWWKHVHQVRUGDWD
LQWKHILUVWOD\HUDQGOHVVDPRXQWZRXOGEHDEVRUEHGLQWKHODWHU LVFROOHFWHGIURPWRIURP05,WHVWLQJVLWHORFDWHG
OD\HUV $ EHWWHU PRGHO RI WKH YDQGDO JODVV FRQVLGHULQJ PRUH LQ$OSKDUHWWD*HRUJLDRQ'HFHPEHUWKDQGWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJ
UHDOLVWLFKHDWGLVWULEXWLRQRQHDFKOD\HUZLOOEHGHYHORSHGLQD LUUDGLDQFH UHDGLQJV DW WKH WLPH DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH D 7KH
IXWXUHZRUN IOXFWXDWLQJGDWDSRLQWVLQWKHUHJLRQVRIDQGGXHWR
6LPXODWLRQ5HVXOWV3ULRUWRWKHH[SHULPHQWDQGVLPXODWLRQ
WKDWDUHXVHGIRUYDOLGDWLRQDVLPXODWLRQRQ´RXWGRRUGLJLWDO 1000
GLVSOD\XQGHU PD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH DQGLUUDGLDQFHVHWWLQJ LV Filtered
Irradiance (W/m2)

800
SHUIRUPHGƒ&DQG:PUHVSHFWLYHO\7RHIIHFWLYHO\ Data
UHGXFHWKHQXPEHURIHOHPHQWVDQGNHHSWKHHOHPHQWTXDOLW\DV 600
ILQH DV SRVVLEOH QRQFRQIRUPLQJ FDUWHVLDQ PHVKLQJ IURP 400
,&(3$.KDVEHHQXVHG7RFKHFNIRUFRQYHUJHQFHWKHEXLOWLQ
UHVLGXDO FULWHULRQ LV XVHG ( IRU FRQWLQXLW\ NLQHWLF HQHUJ\ 200
DQG GLVVLSDWLRQ UDWH DQG ( IRU HQHUJ\ $V WKH VLPXODWLRQ 0
PD\VWLOOGLYHUJHDIWHUPHHWLQJWKHUHVLGXDOFULWHULRQDGGLWLRQDO 6:00 8:24 10:48 13:12 15:36
LWHUDWLRQVDUHSHUIRUPHGXQWLOWKHUHVLGXDOVUHDFKDVWHDG\YDOXH
7KH WHPSHUDWXUH FRQWRXUV IRU VXQVLGHG /&' DQG /(' DUH Time (Hour:Min)
VKRZQLQ)LJXUH,WLVVKRZQWKDWWKHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH
RI/&'DQG/('UHDFKDQGƒ&UHVSHFWLYHO\)RU D
ERWKFRQWRXUVKRWVSRWLVREVHUYHGLQWKHULJKWVLGHRIWKHVFUHHQ 50
$VWKH&/IDQEORZVDLUWKURXJKWKHFKDVVLVDQGWKHVWUHDPOLQH
Temperature above the

L1 (Experiment) y = 0.0284x + 15.596


IROORZVDWUDMHFWRU\IURPWKHOHIWVLGHRIWKHWLOHWRWKHULJKWVLGH 40 R² = 0.9077
L5 (Experiment)
ambient (°C)

30
7DEOH$VVLJQHGKHDWORDGVRQ/&'DQG9DQGDOJODVVXQGHU
:PLUUDGLDQFH DVVXPHGIRUZRUVWFDVHFRQGLWLRQ  20
y = 0.0139x + 13.839
3DUW $EVRUSWLRQ 6XUIDFH ,UUDGLDQFH +HDW 10 R² = 0.9093
1DPH )DFWRU $UHD :P  /RDG 0
P  : 0 200 400 600 800 1000
9DQGDO    
Irradiance (W/m2)
JODVVEODFN
PDVN
9DQGDO     E
JODVV )LJ D &DSWXUHGLUUDGLDQFHDQG E WKH/&'WHPSHUDWXUH
/&'     DERYHWKHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH
50
Temperature above the ambient (°C) L1
45
L5
40
L1 (Experiment)
35
L5 (Experiment)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Irradiance (W/m2)

)LJ/&'WHPSHUDWXUHDERYHWKHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHIRUVLPXODWLRQDQGH[SHULPHQWDOGDWD

VKDGH DQG FORXG DUH LJQRUHG IRU WKH DQDO\VLV 5HVW RI WKH :PLQ)LJXUHD:KLOHWKHGLIIHUHQFHLQWHPSHUDWXUHULVHDW
UHDGLQJV DUH XVHG WR VKRZ WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH GLIIHUHQWLUUDGLDQFHVHWWLQJVKRZVVLPLODUWUHQGLQWKHVLPXODWLRQ
WHPSHUDWXUHRIVFUHHQFRPSRQHQWVLQVHOHFWHGORFDWLRQVDQGWKH DQG WKH H[SHULPHQW WKH YDOXH RI WKH WHPSHUDWXUH GRHV QRW
LQFLGHQWLUUDGLDQFH VHH)LJXUHE 'XHWRYDULDWLRQLQDPELHQW H[DFWO\PDWFKEHWZHHQWKHWZR7KHGLIIHUHQFHLQWZRGDWDVHW
WHPSHUDWXUH IURP  WR ƒ& DW WKH WLPH RI WKH H[SHULPHQW
LQVWHDG RI FRPSDULQJ WKH DEVROXWH WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH GLVSOD\
FRPSRQHQWV WKH WHPSHUDWXUH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH
FRPSRQHQWV DQG WKH DPELHQW DLU LV XVHG IRU GDWD FRPSDULVRQ
)URPWKHWHPSHUDWXUHUHDGLQJRQWKH/&'DWWKHORFDWLRQRIWKH
WKHUPRFRXSOHVDJRRGOLQHDUUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHGLVSOD\
FRPSRQHQWWHPSHUDWXUHDQGLUUDGLDQFHLVREVHUYHGDW/ZLWK
5YDOXHRI/LQHDUWUHQGOLQHRQ/GDWDSRLQWVUHVXOWVLQ
5 YDOXH RI  EXW WKH VORSH RI WKH WHPSHUDWXUH WHQGV WR
LQFUHDVHVLJQLILFDQWO\EH\RQG:PLUUDGLDQFHPRVWGDWD
SRLQWV IHOO EHORZ WKH OLQHDU OLQH IURP  WR  :P
LUUDGLDQFH:LWKVHFRQGRUGHUSRO\QRPLDODSSUR[LPDWLRQPXFK
EHWWHUFRUUHODWLRQZLWK5YDOXHRIFRXOGEHREVHUYHG
&RPSDULVRQ RI ([SHULPHQW DQG 6LPXODWLRQ 8VLQJ WKH
VDPHFRQYHUJHQFHFULWHULRQDQGPHVKLQJPHWKRGDVGRQHLQWKH
H[WUHPH HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQ VLPXODWLRQ WKH VDPH
VLPXODWLRQ LV GRQH XQGHU GLIIHUHQW LUUDGLDQFH DQG DPELHQW
WHPSHUDWXUH VHWWLQJV WR H[DPLQH D FRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH D E
H[SHULPHQW DQG WKH VLPXODWLRQ /RFDWLQJ WKH SRVLWLRQV RI WKH
WKHUPRFRXSOHV / DQG / LQ WKH VXQVLGHG /&' IURP WKH
VLPXODWLRQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHDWWKHVHORFDWLRQVDUHUHFRUGHGDQG
PDUNHG DV FLUFXODU SRLQWV LQ )LJXUH  $V REVHUYHG LQ WKH
H[SHULPHQWDOGDWDWKHWHPSHUDWXUHRI/VWD\VKLJKHUWKDQWKDW
RI/DWDOOLUUDGLDQFHVHWWLQJV$W:PWKHWHPSHUDWXUHV
RI/DQG/VWDUWRIIDWDQGƒ&UHDFKLQJRQO\ƒ&
GLIIHUHQFH 7KH WHPSHUDWXUH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH WZR
WKHUPRFRXSOH ORFDWLRQV JURZV KLJKHU DV WKH LUUDGLDQFH
LQFUHDVHVUHDFKLQJDGLIIHUHQFHRIƒ&DW:P7KH
JURZLQJGLIIHUHQFHLQWHPSHUDWXUHEHWZHHQWKHWZRORFDWLRQVLV
DOVRREVHUYHGLQWKHH[SHULPHQW7KHWHPSHUDWXUHFRQWRXUVRI
/&'DWDQG:PLUUDGLDQFHVHWWLQJDUHVKRZQLQ
)LJXUH)URPWKH ILJXUHLWLVVKRZQWKDWWKHORFDWLRQRIWKH
KRWVSRWZKLFKLVRULJLQDOO\ORFDWHGLQWKHXSSHUVLGHRIWKHWLOH F
)LJ/&'WHPSHUDWXUHFRQWRXUDW D  E DQG F 
VWDUWV WR PRYH GRZQ WRZDUG WKH ULJKW VLGH DV WKH LUUDGLDQFH
:PLUUDGLDQFH
LQFUHDVHV HYHQWXDOO\ WDNLQJ WKH VKDSH WKDW LV VKRZQ DW 
UHDFKHV LWV PD[LPXP DW  :P LUUDGLDQFH VHWWLQJ DW / 55.5
ZKHUH WKH VLPXODWLRQ YDOXH WXUQV RXW WR EH KLJKHU E\  ƒ&
WHPSHUDWXUHYDOXHUHDFKLQJDQGƒ&IRUWKHVLPXODWLRQ 55

Temperature (°C)
DQG H[SHULPHQW UHVSHFWLYHO\ 6XFK PLVPDWFK LQ WHPSHUDWXUH 54.5
YDOXHPD\EHGXHWRDVVXPSWLRQVLQYROYHGZLWKWKHVLPXODWLRQ
7KURXJKWKHWUXHVRODUWHVWLQJWKHKHDWIOX[WKURXJKWKHVRODU 54
LUUDGLDQFH KDV EHHQ UHSODFHG ZLWK SRZHU RQ VXQVLGHG 53.5
FRPSRQHQWVZKLFKLVKDQGOHGDVYROXPHWULFKHDWJHQHUDWLRQLQ
53
,&(3$.ZKLFKHYHQO\GLVWULEXWHVWKHSRZHURYHUWKHYROXPH
RIWKHFRPSRQHQW,WLVDOVRDVVXPHGWKDWWKHDOOWKHLUUDGLDQFH 52.5
WKDWKDVQRWEHHQDEVRUEHGE\WKHYDQGDOJODVVLVDEVRUEHGE\ 0 5000000 10000000 15000000
WKH/&'FHOOLQVWHDGWKHUHVXOWLQJSRZHUGXHWRWKHDEVRUEHG Number of element
LUUDGLDQFHRQWKHJURXSRIYDQGDOJODVVLVDVVXPHGWREHHYHQO\
GLVWULEXWHG DPRQJ HDFK OD\HU RI JODVV ,Q FRQVHTXHQFH WKH
VLPXODWLRQDOZD\VJDYHRXWKLJKHUWHPSHUDWXUHYDOXHV D
7RIXUWKHUH[DPLQHDFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRGDWDVHW 1.8
WKH H[SHULPHQWDO DQG VLPXODWLRQ GDWD DW DOO WKHUPRFRXSOH
ORFDWLRQ XQGHU  :P LUUDGLDQFH DUH FRPSDUHG 7DEOH  1.7
VKRZV WKH UDZ WHPSHUDWXUH YDOXHV LQ OLHX RI WKH WHPSHUDWXUH

Speed (m/s)
1.6
DERYH WKH DPELHQW 7KH KLJKHVW WHPSHUDWXUH LQ ERWK GDWD LV
REVHUYHGLQ/DQG/ZKLOHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHDW/LVWKHWKLUG 1.5
KLJKHVW $V VHHQ LQ WKH H[SHULPHQWDO GDWD WKH ORZHVW 1.4
WHPSHUDWXUHLVREVHUYHGLQ/DQG/IRUWKHVLPXODWLRQEXWE\
1.3
D GLIIHUHQFH RI  ƒ& WKH WHPSHUDWXUH DW / DSSHDUHG ORZHU
WKDQ / ZKLFK ZDV QRW WKH FDVH IRU WKH H[SHULPHQW WKH 1.2
WHPSHUDWXUHDW/ZDVKLJKHUE\ƒ&LQWKHH[SHULPHQW$VLW 0 5000000 10000000 15000000
ZDVIRUWKHGDWDFRPSDULVRQDWGLIIHUHQWLUUDGLDQFHVHWWLQJVWKH Number of element
VLPXODWLRQ JDYH RXW KLJKHU WHPSHUDWXUH DW DOO WKHUPRFRXSOH
ORFDWLRQVGLIIHUHQFHUHDFKLQJDVKLJKDVƒ&DW/DQGDVORZ
DVƒ&DW/ E
 )LJ*ULGVL]HHIIHFWRQ D WKHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHRI/&'
*ULG6L]H(IIHFW$QRWKHUIRFXVRIVLPXODWLRQVWXG\ZDVWR DQG E WKHPD[LPXPVSHHGRIDLULQEDFNOLJKWFDYLW\
H[DPLQHWKHHIIHFWRIHOHPHQWQXPEHU$VWKH&$'PRGHORI UHOLDEOH UHVXOWV ZLWKLQ D UHDVRQDEOH WLPH VHW 7KH VLPXODWLRQ
WKH RXWGRRU GLJLWDO GLVSOD\ LV FRPSULVHG RI PXOWLSOH SDUWV UHVXOWVIURP,&(3$.DUHVKRZQLQ7DEOHYDU\LQJLQQXPEHU
YDU\LQJDVODUJHDVPWRDVVPDOODVPPLQOHQJWKWKH RI HOHPHQWV IURP  WR  PLOOLRQ DOO WKH VLPXODWLRQV DUH
VROXWLRQFRPSXWDWLRQWLPHFDQWDNHXSDURXQGKRXUVWRRYHU GRQH EDVHG RQ LUUDGLDQFH OHYHO RI  :P DQG DQ DPELHQW
KRXUVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHQXPEHURIHOHPHQWVXVHGWR PHVK WHPSHUDWXUHRIƒ&DWDVWHDG\VWDWHFRQGLWLRQ7KHDEVROXWH
WKHGRPDLQ7KXVIRUDQHIIHFWLYHDQGHIILFLHQWVLPXODWLRQLWLV PD[LPXP WHPSHUDWXUH RI /&' DQG /(' WLOH DORQJ ZLWK WKH
FUXFLDOWRORRNIRUDVSHFLILFQXPEHURIHOHPHQWVWKDWFDQJLYH PD[LPXPVSHHGDQGPLQLPXPSUHVVXUHSRLQWLQWKHEDFNOLJKW

7DEOH/&'WHPSHUDWXUHDWWKHUPRFRXSOHORFDWLRQVIURPWKH FDYLW\ DLUJDSLQEHWZHHQWKH/&'DQG/('WLOH DUHUHFRUGHG


H[SHULPHQWDQGVLPXODWLRQDWGLIIHUHQWHOHPHQWQXPEHU $OOPRGHOVDUHJHQHUDWHGZLWKDPLQLPXPRIHOHPHQWVNHSWLQ
IOXLG JDSV WR HQVXUH WKH FRQYHUJHQFH  PLOOLRQ ZDV WKH
 7HPSHUDWXUH ƒ&  PLQLPXP QXPEHU RI HOHPHQWV WKDW ZDV QHFHVVDU\ WR HQVXUH
 / / / / / HYHU\ VROLG SDUW LV NHSW LQ LWV RULJLQDO IRUP DIWHU WKH PHVKLQJ
([SHULPHQW      SURFHVVDV,&(3$.XVXDOO\RPLWVRUPRGLILHVSDUWVDFFRUGLQJ
6LPXODWLRQ &RDUVH       WRWKHVSHFLILHGPHVKVHWWLQJV$VWKHVL]HRIVLPXODWLRQDQGGDWD
'LIIHUHQFH &RDUVH       DUH YDVW WKHUH DUH VHYHUDO FULWHULD WR FKHFN IRU WKH JULG VL]H
6LPXODWLRQ )LQH       HIIHFW$VVXFKIHZSRLQWVDUHVHOHFWHGQHDUWKHUHJLRQVRI/&'
'LIIHUHQFH )LQH       GXH WR WKH DYDLODELOLW\ RI H[SHULPHQWDO GDWD LQ WKH UHJLRQ DQG
7DEOH'LVSOD\FRPSRQHQWGDWDDWGLIIHUHQWHOHPHQWQXPEHU
(OHPHQWQXPEHU /&'7HPSHUDWXUH ƒ&  /('7HPSHUDWXUH ƒ&  $LU6SHHG PV  $LU3UHVVXUH 3D 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
/&'FRPSRQHQWVEHLQJWKHPRVWVHQVLWLYHWRWKHSUHVVXUHDQG 7DEOH0D[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHRIGLVSOD\FRPSRQHQWVXVLQJ
WHPSHUDWXUH HIIHFW $V YLVLEOH IURP )LJXUH  WKH XVH RI ILQHU GLIIHUHQWPHVKWHFKQLTXH
HOHPHQWVUHVXOWHGLQDGHFUHDVHLQPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDQ  7HPSHUDWXUH ƒ& 
LQFUHDVH LQ DLU VSHHG %H\RQG  PLOOLRQ HOHPHQWV ZLWK D
 1RQ &RQIRUPLQJ 'LIIHUHQFH
PLQLPXPRIHOHPHQWVNHSWEHWZHHQDJDSWKHUHVLGXDOVWDUWV
FRQIRUPLQJ
WR GHFUHDVH VLJQLILFDQWO\ VKRZLQJ D JRRG LQGLFDWLRQ RI
6XQVLGH
FRQYHUJHQFH >@ :KLOH WKH PD[LPXP YDOXHV YDU\ GHSHQGLQJ
/&'   
RQ WKH JULG VL]H WKH RYHUDOO WHPSHUDWXUH DSSHDUHG WR KDYH
VLPLODUSDWWHUQDVWKHLQFUHDVHRUGHFUHDVHLQYDOXHWDNHVSODFH /('   
LQHYHU\SRLQWFRQVLVWHQWO\)URP)LJXUHEZKLFKVKRZVWKH %DFNOLJKW
/&' FRQWRXU XVLQJ  PLOOLRQ HOHPHQWV DQG H[DPLQLQJ WKH &DYLW\   
WHPSHUDWXUH DW WKH ORFDWLRQ RI WKH WKHUPRFRXSOHV LW LV VKRZQ &RROVLGH
WKDWGHFUHDVHLQWHPSHUDWXUHLVWKHODUJHVWDW/DQG/ZKHUH /&'   
WKH GLIIHUHQFH LQ WHPSHUDWXUH ZDV WKH KLJKHVW EHWZHHQ WKH /('   
VLPXODWLRQ DQG H[SHULPHQW EHIRUH WKH PHVK UHILQHPHQW VHH %DFNOLJKW
7DEOH 7KHXVHRIILQHUJULGVL]HJDYHRXWDEHWWHUUHVXOWWKDW &DYLW\   
PDWFKHVZLWKWKHH[SHULPHQW &21&/86,21
(IIHFWRI0HVKLQJ7HFKQLTXH7KH ODVWVWXG\ ZDVRQWKH
HIIHFWRI QRQFRQIRUPLQJDQGFRQIRUPLQJ PHVKDVWKH XVH RI ,QWKLVVWXG\WKHUPDODQDO\VLVRQDQRXWGRRUGLJLWDOGLVSOD\
QRQFRQIRUPLQJ PHVK DOORZV KXJH UHGXFWLRQ LQ HOHPHQW ZDV FRQGXFWHG DQG YDOLGDWHG E\ FRPSDULQJ WKH UHVXOWV RI
QXPEHUVDQGIDVWHUFRPSXWDWLRQDOSURFHVVEXWGXHWRSRVVLEOH &)'+7VRIWZDUHDQGH[SHULPHQW,WKDVEHHQVKRZQWKDWWKH
LQFRPSDWLELOLW\LQVKDSHIXQFWLRQVWKDWDUHXVHGWRQXPHULFDOO\ VLPXODWLRQ JLYHV RXW KLJKHU WHPSHUDWXUH DW DOO LUUDGLDQFH
DSSUR[LPDWH JRYHUQLQJ HTXDWLRQV LQ QRQFRQIRUPLQJ VHWWLQJV:KLOHWKHWHPSHUDWXUHGLIIHUHQFHZDVDVKLJKDVƒ&
ERXQGDULHV ZKHWKHU WKH XVH RI QRQFRQIRUPLQJ WHFKQLTXH DW / WKHUPRFRXSOH ORFDWLRQ WKH RYHUDOO WHPSHUDWXUH
ZRXOG\LHOGUHOLDEOHUHVXOWQHHGVWREHH[DPLQHG>@7KHVDPH GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG ORFDWLRQ RI WKH KRWVSRW IURP WKH VLPXODWLRQ
GRPDLQ DQG VHWXS XVHG IRU JULG VL]H VWXG\ LV UHPHVKHG ZLWK PDWFKHGZLWKWKHH[SHULPHQWDOGDWD)XUWKHUPRUHWKHJULGVL]H
PLOOLRQHOHPHQWVWRHQVXUHDFRUUHFWUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIVROLG VWXG\KDVVKRZQ WKDW WKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHWZRGDWD VHW
SDUWVDIWHUWKHPHVK7KHUHVXOWVDUHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKDWRIWKH FDQEHPLWLJDWHGXVLQJILQHUJULGVL]H%\XVLQJQRQFRQIRUPLQJ
QRQFRQIRUPLQJPHVKZLWKPLOOLRQHOHPHQWVDVWKHHOHPHQW PHVK WR UHGXFH WKH QXPEHU RI HOHPHQWV DQG PDLQWDLQ JRRG
DOORFDWLRQLQIOXLGUHJLRQUHVHPEOHGWKHFORVHVWRXWRIDOOQRQ HOHPHQW TXDOLW\ &)'+7 VRIWZDUH LV DEOH WR JLYH RXW JRRG
FRQIRUPLQJPRGHOV7KHRYHUDOOWHPSHUDWXUHULVHVWRƒ&LQ SUHGLFWLRQRQWHPSHUDWXUHOLPLWVRIGLVSOD\FRPSRQHQWV
VHQVLWLYHGLVSOD\FRPSRQHQWVLQWKHFDVHRIFRQIRUPLQJPHVK 
VHH7DEOH 7KHXVHRIQRQFRQIRUPLQJPHVKIRUDWUDQVLWLRQ $&.12:/('*(0(176
WR WKLQ SDUWV UHVXOWV LQ XQGHUHVWLPDWLRQ RI PD[LPXP 7KLVZRUNZDVGRQHDVDSDUWRIFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQ05,
WHPSHUDWXUH \HW WKH GLIIHUHQFH LV FRQVLGHUDEO\ VPDOO DQG DQG*HRUJLD7HFKDQGZHZRXOGOLNHWRDFNQRZOHGJHVXSSRUW
FRQVLVWHQWO\ZLWKLQVPDOOGLIIHUHQFHUDQJHIRUDOOFRPSRQHQWV IURP 05, LQFOXGLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH RI RQVLWH PHDVXUHPHQWV
)RU WKH VLPXODWLRQ VHWXS DQG FRPSXWDWLRQ WLPH FRQIRUPLQJ 6SHFLDOWKDQNVWR6KXYDMLW'H\IRUKLVIHHGEDFNDQGKHOSZLWK
PHVK UHVXOWV LQ LQHYLWDEOH LQFUHDVH LQ HOHPHQW QXPEHU GXH WR PRGHOLQJ
H[WHQVLRQ RI JULG OLQHV DFURVV WKH HQWLUH IOXLG GRPDLQ DQG 
DGGLWLRQDO UHILQHPHQW WR LPSURYH WKH DVSHFW UDWLR RI WKH
HOHPHQWVIRUEHWWHUFRQYHUJHQFH 5()(5(1&(6
 >@'XQ: +XEEDUG7  863DWHQW1R
:DVKLQJWRQ'&863DWHQWDQG7UDGHPDUN2IILFH
>@*LQD5RRV  6HOHFWLQJ/&'PRGXOHVIRUH[WUHPH
WHPSHUDWXUHV
KWWSVZZZGLJLNH\FRPHQDUWLFOHVWHFK]RQHGH
FVHOHFWLQJOFGPRGXOHVIRUH[WUHPHWHPSHUDWXUHV
>@/XFLHQ:DOG%$6,&6,162/$55$',$7,21$7
($57+685)$&(KDO!
>@:LOEHUW6WHIDQ 6WRIIHO7RP 0\HUV'RQQHOO 
:LOFR[6WHSKHQ +DEWH$URQ 9LJQROD)UDQN 
:RRG-RKQ 0DUWtQ3RPDUHV/XLV  
0HDVXULQJ6RODU5DGLDWLRQDQG5HOHYDQW$WPRVSKHULF
3DUDPHWHUV
>@)3,QFURSHUD'3'H:LWW7/%HUJPDQDQG$6
/DYLQH9$9DUJDV(G)XQGDPHQWDOVRI+HDWDQG
D E 0DVV7UDQVIHU6L[WKHG+RERNHQ1HZ-HUVH\86$
)LJ/&'WHPSHUDWXUHFRQWRXUXVLQJ D DQG E  -RKQ:LOH\DQG6RQVS
PLOOLRQHOHPHQWV
>@<DQ&KDR<X-LDQMXQ/L-XQ]KH6FKHPHHIIHFWDQGJULG >@0LVKHY,'&RPSXWDWLRQDO*HRVFLHQFHV  
GHSHQGHQF\LQ&)'FRPSXWDWLRQVRIKHDWWUDQVIHU KWWSVGRLRUJ$
$&7$$HURG\QDPLFD6LQLFD  

You might also like