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Bottom-Up Substructuring Using CMS

Posted by: A.C.
Posted on: November 16, 2022

Welcome.

Let us explore Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) deeper The method is also referred to as

Let us explore Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) deeper. The method is also referred to as
Substructuring or Superelements in other references. As the title suggests, we will be focusing on
the Bottom Up approach.

The Bottom-Up method has been receiving more support in the Mechanical and Workbench
interfaces in the 2022 releases and is now easier than ever to use your models.

To begin, let us introduce the assembly that we will be working with. See the image of the full
model below. This assembly will be substructured to lower the computational intensity of the
solve.

Substructure Generation
In 2022 R1, Ansys introduced the Substructure Generation analysis system into Ansys Mechanical.
We are going to start by dragging it into the project area.
At this point, we should be able to load our geometry through SpaceClaim or Discovery as we
typically would for our other analyses types. In this demonstration, I will generate a substructure
for the large cylindrical object found in the assembly. For the sake of simplicity, we can import
the entire geometry into SpaceClaim, Discovery, or Mechanical and suppress all components that
we do not want to include in the substructure. From there, we identify that the cylinder object is
connected to the rest of the assembly through the prismatic ledges on either side of the Y-axis. A
named selection of the bottom faces of those ledges is made, renamed "interface_mid", then
dragged and dropped into the "Substructure Definition" object. These steps are shown in the
video below.

Notice how the named selection appears in the worksheet after being dragged into the
substructure definition. From there, we can perform a solve of this system. Ansys will essentially
perform a modal analysis of the substructure with the named selection being treated as a fixed
boundary condition. For higher frequency phenomena, it would be wise to include more modes in
the solution. This can be done under "Analysis Settings".

After the system is solved we can now export the substructure. If we right click "Solution" and
highlight "Export Substructure (.cpa)", we are presented with two options; Use Pass Only and Use
Pass and On Demand Expansion (Beta). The latter is helpful if the user wishes to evaluate
deformation/strain quantities as part of the final analysis, but requires substantially more disk
space to save the .cpa file. Give the file a name and save it to a convenient location. In this
example, it is named "middle.cpa".
This completes the first leg of the workflow. It is to be repeated for each substructure the user
wishes to include. In our case, I have performed this for the blocky posterior structure as well as
the anterior plate found in the full assembly.

Condensed Geometry

The next step is to create an analysis where the substructures will be imported. For the sake of
demonstration, we will use a Modal Analysis that is then fed into a Harmonic Response. As
before, we can import a full geometry and selectively suppress components. In this case, we have
suppress items that were converted into substructures. See above.
From there, insert a "Condensed Geometry" object into the model then right click on and select
Insert > Imported Condensed Part.

The details within the Imported Condensed Part reveals a yellow line indicating that it needs a
user input. By moving the mouse over and clicking on the ellipses (the ...), a window opens that

allows the user to navigate to the folder where they have saved their substructure file and click
Select. We can then right click "Imported Condensed Part" and select "Import Condensed Part".
This process may take some to finish time depending on the size of the substructure.
Ansys Mechanical returns a visual indicator of the substructure outlined in red when this process
is complete.
During the last step, Ansys also imports the named selection created in the Substructure
Generation step as a nodal named selection into this model. In practice, this nodal named
selection is used to attach the substructure the rest of the model by creating bonded contacts.

As before, these steps are repeated for all substructures that are to be attached to the larger
model. This completes the second leg of the workflow.

Result Visualization
All the same evaluation rules apply in the modal and harmonic response analyses regardless of
the substructured geometries. If we had selected the "Use Pass and On Demand Expansion
(Beta)" option during the Substructure Generation portion, we are may change the "On Demand
Expansion" prompt to "Yes" in the Analysis Settings (in Modal). And then, when viewing
deformation results in the Harmonic Response, we may select the "Scoping Method" as "Imported
Condensed Part (Beta)". Doing this will allow us to see the complete contour plot of deformation
for the entire model, including substructures. As of the time of this writing, viewing the contour
plot for items such as stresses is not supported.
After performing such model manipulations, what have we gained? To illustrate the difference, we
have performed the same analysis with the same geometry on two different models. The "Full
Model" utilizes no substructuring or condensed parts. It is a direct analysis. The second model is
the model we have just built using Bottom-Up Substructuring. They both produce similar results
and have a good agreement in their mode shapes and natural frequencies, as they should. It was
claimed earlier that substructuring could lower the computation effort of the solve. This is shown
in the following table.

Model Time to Solve (from Solution Statistics)

Full Model (No Substructuring) 5m 11s
Bottom-Up Substructuring 19s

Bottom Up Substructuring helped us cut the solve time dramatically! Certainly, more effort was
required in the model creation, but a greater savings is possible should the solve need to be
reran multiple times; a situation that occurs frequently in engineering analyses.
 This concludes our exposition into Bottom Up Substructuring. We at Ozen Engineering hope that
it helps our fellow Ansys users achieve better results in a more timely manner for their
applications. Thanks for reading.

Tags: Mechanical, vibration, Superelement, Condensed Part

Post by A.C.
November 16, 2022

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