Lecture 16

Surah Anbiya and Surah hajj

Surah Al Anbiya (The prophets)

 112 verse
 Makki surah
 This surah mentions 16 prophets by name so the name Al Anbiya
 Main motives are the power of Allah.
 Heedlessness of humans
 Story of prophets.
 We can divide this surah into 4 sections
 Part 1: V.1-5: introduction.
 Part 2: V.6-47: key theological argument against pagans.
 Part 3: V.48-96: stories of the prophets.
 Part 4: V.96- 112: conclusion.

Introduction.

 V.1-3. 1. [The time of] their account has approached for the people, while
they are in heedlessness turning away. V 2. No mention [i.e., revelation]
comes to them anew from their Lord except that they listen to it while they
are at play v 3. With their hearts distracted. And those who do wrong
conceal their private conversation, [saying], "Is this [Prophet] except a
human being like you? So would you approach magic while you are aware
[of it]?"
 V.7. And We sent not before you, [O Muhammad], except men to whom
We revealed [the message], so ask the people of the message [i.e., former
scriptures] if you do not know.
 V.8. And We did not make them [i.e., the prophets] forms not eating food
nor were they immortal [on earth].
 V.34. And We did not grant to any man before you eternity [on earth]; so if
you die – would they be eternal?
 V.35 Every soul will taste death. And We test you with evil and with good as
trial; and to Us you will be returned
 The message of prophets were all same V.25. And We sent not before you
any messenger except that We revealed to him that, "There is no deity
except Me, so worship Me."
 Allah sent down books V.10. We have certainly sent down to you a Book
[i.e., the Quran] in which is your mention. Then will you not reason?
 V.45. Say, "I only warn you by revelation." But the deaf do not hear the call
when they are warned.
 Creation of Allah. It’s not for his amusement, alla of this has a purpose.V.16
17. And We did not create the heaven and earth and that between them
in play. 17. Had We intended to take a diversion, We could have taken it
from [what is] with Us – if [indeed] We were to do so.
 Scientific miracle of Qur'an.V.30. Have those who disbelieved not
considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We
separated them and made from water every living thing? Then will they not
believe?
 The purpose of Qur'an is guidance, not science etc.. But its allowed to a
certain extent.
 Science is the attempt of humans to understand the creation of Allah.
 The victory of truth V.18. Rather, We dash the truth upon falsehood, and it
destroys it, and thereupon it departs. And for you is destruction from that
which you describe
 Stories of prophet.
 Story of Ibrahim AS
 V.69. We [i.e., Allah] said, "O fire, be coolness and safety upon Abraham."
 V.74. story of Lut AS. And to Lot We gave judgment and knowledge, and
We saved him from the city that was committing wicked deeds. Indeed,
they were a people of evil, defiantly disobedient
 V.78. v.79 story of Davud AS and Suleiman AS. V.78. And [mention] David
and Solomon, when they judged concerning the field – when the sheep of
a people overran it [at night],and We were witness to their judgement.v.79.
And We gave understanding of it [i.e., the case] to Solomon, and to each
[of them] We gave judgement and knowledge. And We subjected the
mountains to exalt [Us], along with David and [also] the birds. And We were
doing [that].
 A farmer who owned land and a person who owned livestock
 The animal entered one night in the land of farmer and are the crops.
 The case came to Davud AS and he had the opinion of giving the sheep
to the farmer.
 Suleiman AS was a child at this time but he said another opinion that of the
whole sheep is given to the farmer the owner of the sheep's could be poor
later on, so the sheep should be handled to the farmer and when the crops
return to the normal condition the sheep should be returned to the owner.
 We should listen to the wisdom of youngsters.
 V.80. And We taught him the fashioning of coats of armor to protect you
from your [enemy in] battle. So will you then be grateful?
 V.81. And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind, blowing forcefully,
proceeding by his command toward the land which We had blessed. And
We are ever, of all things, Knowing.
 V.82. And of the devils [i.e., jinn] were those who dived for him and did work
other than that. And We were of them a guardian
 Story of Ayyub AS.v.83. And [mention] Job, when he called to his Lord,
"Indeed, adversity has touched me, and You are the most merciful of the
merciful."
 Dua of Yunus AS V.87. And [mention] the man of the fish [i.e., Jonah], when
he went off in anger and thought that We would not decree [anything]
upon him. And he called out within the darknesses "There is no deity except
You; exalted are You. Indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers."
 Allah will respond to this dua of Yunus AS if we used. V.88. So We responded
to him and saved him from the distress. And thus do We save the believers.
 Ending verses: Description of Day of Judgment.
 V.101-102. Indeed, those for whom the best [reward] has preceded from
us – they are from it far removed. 102. They will not hear its sound, while they
are, in that which their soul’s desire, abiding eternally.
 The prophet as a mercy.V.107. And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad],
except as a mercy to the worlds

Surah Al Hajj (The Pilgrimage)

 78 verses.
 Partially in madinah and partially in makka .
 Methodology of Hajj discussed.
 Harsh tone towards pagans.
 Because it revealed in the very end of makkan era.
 V .1. O mankind, fear your Lord. Indeed, the convulsion of the [final] Hour is
a terrible thing.
 V.2. On the Day you see it every nursing mother will be distracted from that
[child] she was nursing, and every pregnant woman will abort her
pregnancy, and you will see the people [appearing] intoxicated while they
are not intoxicated; but the punishment of Allah is severe.
 The creation of human.V.5. O people, if you should be in doubt about the
Resurrection, then [consider that] indeed, We created you from dust, then
from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot, and then from a lump of flesh,
formed and unformed – that We may show you. And We settle in the
wombs whom We will for a specified term, then We bring you out as a child,
and then [We develop you] that you may reach your [time of] maturity.
And among you is he who is taken in [early] death, and among you is he
who is returned to the most decrepit [old] age so that he knows, after [once
having] knowledge, nothing. And you see the earth barren, but when We
send down upon it rain, it quivers and swells and grows [something] of every
beautiful kind.
 Whenever Allah mention punishment it's followed by his forgiveness.
 Warning to those who are conditional religious. V.11. And of the people is
he who worships Allah on an edge. If he is touched by good, he is reassured
by it; but if he is struck by trial, he turns on his face [to the other direction].
He has lost [this] world and the Hereafter. That is the manifest loss is.
 Why hajj. V 28-29. That they may witness [i.e., attend] benefits for
themselves and mention the name of Allah on known [i.e., specific] days
over what He has provided for them of [sacrificial] animals. So eat of them
and feed the miserable and poor. 29. Then let them end their untidiness
and fulfill their vows and perform thawaf around the ancient House."
 Announcement of Hajj. V.26-27. And [mention, O Muhammad], when We
designated for Abraham the site of the House, [saying], "Do not associate
anything with Me and purify My House for those who perform thawaf and
those who stand [in prayer] and those who bow and prostrate. 27. And
proclaim to the people the Hajj [pilgrimage]; they will come to you on foot
and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass
 The things Allah made sacred so we should consider it sacred.V.30, That
[has been commanded], and whoever honors the sacred ordinances of
 Allah – it is best for him in the sight of his Lord. And permitted to you are the
grazing livestock, except what is recited to you. So avoid the uncleanliness
of idols and avoid false statement, v.32. That [is so]. And whoever honors
the symbols [i.e., rites] of Allah – indeed, it is from the piety of hearts.
 why certain rituals V.67. For every religion We have appointed rites which
they perform. So, [O Muhammad], let them [i.e., the disbelievers] not
contend with you over the matter but invite them to your Lord. Indeed, you
are upon straight guidance
 V.37. Their meat will not reach Allah, nor will their blood, but what reaches
Him is piety from you. Thus have We subjected them to you that you may
glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and give good tidings to
the doers of good.
 Allah criticize the quraish V.25. Indeed, those who have disbelieved and
avert [people] from the way of Allah and [from] al-Masjid al-haram, which
We made for the people – equal are the resident therein and one from
outside – and [also] whoever intends [a deed] therein of deviation [in
religion] or wrongdoing – We will make him taste of a painful punishment
 Allowance for fight under certain conditions. V.39. Permission [to fight] has
been given to those who are being fought, because they were wronged.
And indeed, Allah is competent to give them victory.
 Why war or fight v.40. [They are] those who have been evicted from their
homes without right – only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah." And were
it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would
have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques
in which the name of Allah is much mentioned [i.e., praised]. And Allah will
surely support those who support Him [i.e., His cause]. Indeed, Allah is
Powerful and Exalted in Might.
 Allah praises the righteous v.41. [And they are] those who, if We give them
authority in the land, establish prayer and give zakath and enjoin what is
 right and forbid what is wrong. And to Allah belongs the outcome of [all]
matters.
 Allah gives a parable to idolaters V.73. O people, an example is presented,
so listen to it. Indeed, those you invoke besides Allah will never create [as
much as] a fly, even if they gathered together for it [i.e., that purpose]. And
if the fly should steal from them a [tiny] thing, they could not recover it from
him. Weak are the pursuer and pursued.
 Allah commands the believers V.77-78. O you who have believed, bow
and prostrate and worship your Lord and do good – that you may succeed.
78. And strive for Allah with the striving due to Him. He has chosen you and
has not placed upon you in the religion any difficulty. [It is] the religion of
your father, Abraham. He [i.e., Allah] named you "Muslims" before [in former
scriptures] and in this [revelation] that the Messenger may be a witness over
you and you may be witnesses over the people. So establish prayer and
give zakath and hold fast to Allah. He is your protector; and excellent is the
protector, and excellent is the helper.