ISSN (Online) 2393-8021

ISSN (Print) 2394-1588

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015

Automated Fire Detection and

Controlling System
Kausik Sen1, Jeet Sarkar1, Sutapa Saha1, Anukrishna Roy1, Dipsetu Dey1, Sumit Baitalik1,
Chandra Sekhar Nandi2
Students of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Department, University Institute Of Technology,
Burdwan University,W.B. India1
Faculty of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Department, University Institute Of Technology,
Burdwan University, W.B. India.2

Abstract: In this paper basically a low cost fire detection and control system based on smoke and heat detection is
proposed. It is comprised of a combination of electrical/electronic devices/equipments working together to detect the
presence of fire and alert people through audio or visual medium after detection. These alarms may be activated from
smoke detectors or heat detectors which, when detects fire. Then, it automatically operates a relay which can be used to
send Short Message Service (SMS) to the registered mobile numbers and switch on a water sprayer or a Solenoid Pump
to spray water or fire ceasing foam.

Keywords: Fire Detection, Audio or Visual Medium, Relay, Short Message Service (SMS), Solenoid Pump.

I. INTRODUCTION
Now a days automatic fire detection and control is II. METHOD
becoming very essential to reduce the fire in the building Basic block diagram of the proposed automated fire
and industry. Automatic fire alarm system provides real- detection and control system is shown in Fig.1. Here in
time surveillance, monitoring and automatic alarm. A key this work very simplified version of large variety of this
aspect of fire protection is to identify a developing fire system is proposed to provide the basic system hardware
emergency in a timely manner, and to alert the building's needed.
occupants and fire emergency organizations. This is the The main units of this proposed system are:
role of fire detection and alarm systems.
Generally fire detectors are designed [1] to respond at an 1. Sensor: Heat sensor (H) and smoke sensor (S)
early stage to one more of the four major characteristics of senses the fire. Signal from sensor activates the ID
combustion, heat, smoke, flame or gas. No single type of sender unit
detector is suitable for all types of premises or fires. Heat 2. ID sender unit: ID sender gives address of the room
detectors respond to the temperature rise associated with a or block where fire is detected and passes that
fire and smoke detector respond to the smoke or gas address to the data line.
generated due to fire. 3. Data line: That ID (in binary) of the room passes to
The authors [2] describe the overall structure and design display unit via data line (CAT5). Data line also
of automatic fire alarm system and fire alarm control carries the signal to send fire alert message and to
software. Authors [3] discussed automatic fire alarm ON the pump for water supply for extinguishing
system based on Wireless Sensor Networks and in [4] the fire.
discussed quick responsive system based on SMS. 4. Memory unit: This unit holds the address of the
Currently available different smoke detector systems and room/block until the total system made OFF again.
their working discussed detailed in [5]. Different 5. Display unit: Display unit displays the ID of the
conventional smoke detectors and their applications are room which is on fire
given details in [6]. 6. SMS (Short Message Service) sender: A SMS will
With this background, the present work is discussed with be sent to fire brigade and registered mobile
an objective to develop an automatic fire alarm and control numbers to activate the pump automatically.
system by detecting smoke and heat. The method is 7. Pump starter unit water supply will be given in this
discussed in Section II. The system design and room through sprinkler system
implementation is discussed in Section III. We summarize 8. Power supply: AC 230 v or 12 v DC.
our work and conclude this paper in Section IV.

Copyright to IARJSET DOI 10.17148/IARJSET.2015.2506 34

 ISSN (Online) 2393-8021
ISSN (Print) 2394-1588
International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015

For a multistoreyed building, (G + 3 building) the

installation of the proposed system for displaying fire
affected room or floor will be as shown in Fig.3.

III. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Proposed automated fire detection and controlling
system is designed and implemented in this work.
Experimental set up of this proposed system is shown in
Fig.4. The subsections are discussed here in brief.

Fig.1. Complete block diagram of automated fire detection

and controlling system

Fig.1 represents the complete block diagram of the

proposed system and how the system will react if a
room/block is affected by fire is also shown.

Location of different ID sender unit and different zones

are shown in Fig.2. For multistorage building location is
identified by the room numbers and floor numbers and if
the area is a open place not a building then the area is
divided into zones and blocks as shown in Fig.2.

Fig.4. Experimental set up for the proposed system

A. Sensor circuit:

Fig.2. Division of a open area

Fig.5. Smoke sensor circuit

Fig.6. Smoke sensing tube

LDR is used in the circuit of smoke sensor as shown in

Fig.5. When the light is obstructed by smoke, the
resistance of the LDR increases, therefore, the collector-
base voltage increases, which makes the Q1 ON, making
the Q2 also ON, which gives the signal of fire by loud
Fig.3.Iinstallation of the proposed system to display fire horns. A tube consisting of light source and light sensing
affected room device used in our system for smoke sensing shown in
Fig.6.
Copyright to IARJSET DOI 10.17148/IARJSET.2015.2506 35
 ISSN (Online) 2393-8021
ISSN (Print) 2394-1588
International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015

B. Heat Sensor D. SMS Alert and Fire Extinguishing Unit

The signal coming from ID sender enables the relays
shown in Fig.10. to activate the device for sending SMS
alert to the registered mobile numbers and also activates
the pump starter.

Fig.7. Heat sensor circuit

The heat sensor circuit as shown in Fig. 7. works almost
as the smoke sensor. Instead of LDR, thermistor is used
here. With increasing heat thermistor resistance decreases.
Therefore increasing collector-base voltage respected to
Fig.10. SMS alert and fire extinguishing unit
base-emitter voltage. Which make the sensor unit ON
similarly.
E. Relay Based Memory Unit
A relay has a normally closed contact (NC) and
C. ID Sender Unit:
normally open contact (NO).This NC and NO can
represented as binary bit 1 (HIGH) and 0 (LOW)
respectively. When relay is energised NO becomes 1
Dividing Incoming
(HIGH) and NC goes to 0 (LOW).Using this phenomenon
of, relay is used to hold the binary address of the fire
affected room/block as memory. A relay based 6 bit
Fig.8. Id sender unit
memory unit used in the proposed system is shown in
The id sender unit shown in Fig.8. gives the binary
Fig.11. We can install it in the building of 7×7 (where
address of the fire affected room/block from the
number of floors are 7 and number of flats are also 7).
corresponding sensor signal.
Suppose a CAT5 wire consist of 8 wire whose first 3 wire
Either or both the heat and smoke sensor senses fire.
used to represent or generate the address of the floor and
In the Fig. 9. the first seven-segment display unit display
other 3 used to represent the address of flat hence we use 6
the floor number and the second seven-segment display
no of wire and rest 2 wire of CAT5 used as power line.
unit display the flat number affected by the fire. As shown
in the Fig.9 the flat number 2 of first floor is affected by
fire and the display unit display the corresponding floor
and flat number.
Here in the system basically shown for maximum 7×7
buildings.CAT 5 wire consist of total 8 wire whose first 3
are used for floor and another 3 are used for flat and rest 2
wire for power line here. It worth extending by increasing
address lines (CAT 5 wire) and number of display units
for larger building or zone.

Fig.11. Relay based memory system

Experimentally it is seen that the proposed system is

performed successfully in the laboratory. Here the smoke
and heat is generated and seen that the smoke is entering
to the smoke sensor tube and sensor output is changed
accordingly and the heat is sensed by the heat sensor. The
output of the sensors were connected to ID sender unit of
floor/zone no.- 1 and room/block no.- 2 and as a result
the proposed system detected the fire display showed
the fire affected area that is floor/zone no.- 1 and
room/block no.- 2 as shown in the Fig.4.
Fig.9. Working of id sender unit

Copyright to IARJSET DOI 10.17148/IARJSET.2015.2506 36

 ISSN (Online) 2393-8021
ISSN (Print) 2394-1588
International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology
Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2015

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS Sumit Baitalik, Studying B.E on Applied

In this paper we proposed an automatic fire alert and fire electronics and instrumentation Engineering at
distinguishing system by sensing smoke and heat. We University Institute of Technology, Burdwan
have experimented our proposed system in our laboratory University, 2011-2015
and noticed its feasibility. It is also seen that the system
does not respond if the fire generates very small smoke
particles and very small amount of heat. The system does
not display properly if two or more than two rooms or
blocks are affected at a same time.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to express their gratitude to Mithun
Ghosh, service engineer, Ashida Electronics Pvt Ltd. for
providing this idea.

References
[1] www.fire.org.nz/...Fire...Alarms/
[2] Huide Liu ; Lili Gao ; Suwei Li ; Tao Wu
“ About automatic fire alarm systems research”, The 2nd
IEEE International Conference on Information Management
and Engineering (ICIME), 16-18 April 2010, pp. 419 – 421.
[3] Lei Zhang, and Gaofeng Wang, “Design and Implementation
of Automatic Fire Alarm System based on Wireless Sensor
Networks”,
[4] Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on
Information Processing (ISIP’09) Huangshan, P. R. China,
August 21-23, 2009, pp. 410-413
[5] Omar Asif, Md. Belayat Hossain, Mamun Hasan, Mir Toufikur
Rahman, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury, “Fire-Detectors
Review and Design of an Automated, Quick Responsive Fire-
Alarm System Based on SMS”, Scientific Research Publishing
Inc, 28th August 2014.
[6] www.systemsensor.com.
[7] www.pertronic.co.nz/convention_systems/

BIOGRAPHIES

Kausik Sen, Studying B.E on Applied

electronics and instrumentation Engineering at
University Institute of Technology, Burdwan
University,2011-2015

Jeet Sarkar, Studying B.E on Applied

electronics and instrumentation Engineering at
University Institute of Technology, Burdwan
University,2011-2015

Sutapa Saha, Studying B.E on Applied

electronics and instrumentation Engineering at
University Institute of Technology, Burdwan
University,2011-2015

Anukrishna Roy, Studying B.E on Applied

electronics and instrumentation Engineering at
University Institute of Technology, Burdwan
University,2011-2015

Dipsetu Dey, Studying B.E on Applied

electronics and instrumentation Engineering at
University Institute of Technology, Burdwan
University,2011-2015

Copyright to IARJSET DOI 10.17148/IARJSET.2015.2506 37