2nd International conference on Smart Electronics and Communication ICOSEC 2021

Tamil Nadu, India

An Automated Smart Embedded System on Fire
Detection and Prevention for Ensuring Safety
F.M. Javed Mehedi Shamrat Aliza Ahmed Khan Zakia Sultana
Department of Software Engineering Department of Computer Science & Department of Computer Science &
Daffodil International University Engineering Engineering
Dhaka, Bangladesh Daffodil International University Daffodil International University
[email protected] Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected]
Pre-Print
M. M. Imran Abdulla Ankit Khater*
Cefalo Bangladesh Limited Department of Computer Science & Department of Computer Science &
Dhaka, Bangladesh Engineering Engineering
[email protected] Daffodil International University Jadavpur University
Dhaka, Bangladesh India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— One of the biggest issues for architects, planners, false alarm rate but are also slower to react. Through these
and landowners is house combustion. Singular sensors have shortcomings, smoke detectors seem to outperform heat
been used in the case of a fire for a long time, but they cannot detectors [9]. Smoke detectors are more able to locate fires
quantify the volume of fire to warn emergency service units. To when they launch. Smoke is generated when an object's
resolve this problem, this research aims to develop an intelligent energy is depleted due to the depletion of Carbon Dioxide
smart fire warning system that detects fires utilizing connected (CO2) from heat [10]. Ionization, photoelectric, and hybrid
sensors and alerts property owners, emergency services. The smoke detectors are the three varieties. Instruments and
current model is divided into three modules: Smoke Detection
calculation books should be used to learn more about each of
Module (SDM), which is responsible for detecting smoke to
these groups. We will focus on a short overview of ionization
prevent unwanted incidents; Notification Send Module (NSM),
which is responsible for creating an alert service to alert the
in this research. In a nutshell, ionization is a toxic substance
closest support center and user; and Emergency Alarm Module that absorbs radiation from a blast. It reaches the ionization
(EAM), which is responsible for handling the emergency alarm chamber, an air-filled area between two electrodes that allows
schedule when a fire arises. The results prove that the device a slow, steady current to flow between them. This style is ideal
worked well, and it should be remembered that our proposal can for fires that spread quickly, such as those triggered by bombs
be integrated into any kind of setting, such as a house, or collisions [11].
workplace, ship, or industry.
J.Lui et al. [12] have produced a technique that can
Keywords—Automation, IoT, Embedded system, Arduino,
conduct an area-wide segmentation in which color pixels can
Fire, Smoke detection, Breadboard, GSM SIM800L, Buzzer, be identified in the picture and the fire region. YCbCr color
Transistor space model and region-growing technology compare all
unallowed adjacent pixels to the area is the approach used. The
RGB color model and the background subtraction technique
were used to be proposed by Punam et al. [13]. This technique
I. INTRODUCTION offers two main benefits: computer load and quick processing
Fires have been a severe problem in recent years [1], and modes, but the quality of the fire detected is significantly
they must be dealt with quickly and efficiently to prevent the affected. A method that utilizes HSV and YCbCr color model
destruction of lives and property [2]. When the controlled with criteria to separately distinguish brightness from the
temperature reaches 50o C, it is called a fire condition. background and ambient light was described in Jareerat et al.
Personnel arriving for assistance in fire hazards in sensitive [14]. Wenhao and Hong et al. [15] have meanwhile explored
areas such as clinics, classrooms, and banks takes about 15 the iterative adaptive threshold methods of extraction of
minutes [3]. According to estimates, there are 475,500 flaming items. Tian Qiu et al. [16] suggested an approach that
construction fires in the United States per year, resulting in worked on border detection to identify a fire for a similar
2,950 civilian fatalities, 12,775 civilian casualties, and $7.9 reason. The region between the thermal chemistry and the
billion in property loss [4]. According to the National Fire non-thermal reactions has been placed in this method by the
Protection Association (NFPA), two-thirds of all house fires fire. The result of this experiment indicates that the fire edge
in the United States arise in homes with no functioning smoke may be clearly and uninterruptedly observed. In contrast to
detectors, alarms that have been neglected, or alarms that have Petro et al. [17] provided an algorithm in real-time that
been lost [5]. Fire alarms with proactive warnings placed in focuses on the subtraction technique of the backdrop. An
the right places could save lives and mitigate property algorithm based on detection and tracking was utilized to
damages [6], [7]. There are several different styles of fire minimize false fire alarms, often employed using conventional
alarms, such as heat detectors and smoke detectors, and electrical methods. In recent years IoT [18-27], machine
learning about them will help you determine which model is learning [28-31] and artificial intelligence [32-33] did an
best for your home or shop. When the temperature exceeds a excellent job of solving such types of problems. Machine
certain amount, for example, heat detectors are a popular learning [34-37] can assist in demystifying the hidden patterns
choice [8]. As a result, it's more suited to applications where a in IoT data by evaluating large quantities of data using
quick answer isn't expected or in environments where smoke powerful algorithms. Machine learning inference [38-41] may
alarms can't be mounted, such as frozen fields. Since the augment or replace human operations with automated systems
temperature increases steadily, heat detectors have a lower utilizing statistically determined actions in key activities. On

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

the other hand, Artificial Intelligence (AI) [42-45] has affected In Fig. 1 we have shown the flowchart diagram of the
today's main sectors worldwide. Due to numerous data proposed intelligent smart embedded system.
gathering, analysis, and treatment improvements, AI has been
especially prevalent in recent years. Strong Internet of Things
[46-48] (IoT) connections and high-speed processors are
essential players in strengthening these advances.
The rest of the paper is in the same arrangement. The most
rapid current developments in fire detection are discussed in
this sector. Section II describes the analytical methodology for
the construction of the whole system. Proposed System design
and architecture have been discussed in Section III, and the
result of the structure produced is examined in Section IV.
Section V finishes with observation and deficiencies and plans
for potential work.

Fig. 1. Flowchart diagram of the proposed system.

II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Develop a device to track or interpret the value (smoke) in
a given environment's air and interpret the data for protection III. SYSTEM DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE
against unforeseen events. First, we must set up the embedded
device on which the demonstration will be performed. Smoke Our proposed system is composed of three (3) modules.
SensorMQ2 continuously monitors the environment to sense Those are given below:
large amounts of smoke; as smoke is combined with room air, 1. Smoke Detection Module (SDM).
the air becomes thicker. As a result, detecting smoke from the
air for sensor formula is easy. Other gases may also be 2. Notification Send Module (NSM).
detected by this instrument (Like i-butane, nitrogen, gasoline, 3. Emergency Alarm Module (EAM).
hydrogen, smoke). Through using a GSM SIM800L sensor,
the system detects smoke and sends a warning message to the The overall circuit diagram of our proposed system as seen
closest support center (such as a fire department) and an in Fig. 2, includes the Smoke Detection Module (SDM),
emergency phone number (a real person). We may Notification Send Module (NSM), and Emergency Alarm
programmatically insert any kind of help center number here. Module (EAM).

Fig. 2. Entire System Circuit Diagram.

In the Smoke Detection Module (SDM), the sensor detects GND to Bus GND, and MQ2 AOUT to Arduino Uno A3 have
a high volume of smoke from the environment. If the sensor been integrated.
detects a high rate of smoke in the atmosphere, the value is
sent to Arduino. The suggested method then processes the data The circuit diagram of the Smoke Detection Module
and sends a warning message to emergency contacts and the (SDM) is shown in Fig. 3.
closest aid center. This module is done with a MQ2 smoke
sensor. The MQ2 Smoke Sensor module may also be used to
identify gas leakage. Gases such as LPG, i-butane, nitrogen,
gasoline, hydrogen, smoke, among others, can be observed.
Because of its fast reaction time. The MQ2 sensor will be
connected to an Arduino Uno and a breadboard. MQ2 sensor,
Breadboard, and Arduino Uno Pin MQ2 5V to Bus POS, MQ2
 Fig. 4. Notification Send Module (NSM).

The Emergency Alarm Module (EAM) is in control of

activating the alarm. As the smoke sensor senses smoke, the
proposed integrated circuit would enable the alarm and switch
on the red light to warn everyone. This module was created
with Buzzer. This is a tiny buzzer that makes a very loud
2KHz beep signal. The buzzer will be connected to the
breadboard, the NPN BC337 transistor, and the Arduino Uno.
Buzzer, breadboard, transformer, and Arduino Uno pin
Buzzer POS to Bus POS, Buzzer neg to TSBC337 C,
TSBC337 E to Bus GND, and 1k ohm Resistor con 0 to
Arduino Uno 2.
Fig. 3. Smoke Detection Module (SDM).
A circuit diagram depicting the usage of an Emergency
In our proposed framework [18], the Notification Send Alarm Module (EAM) as shown in Fig. 5.
Module (NSM) is critical and decisive. Its role is to warn the
closest support center and to deliver an alert note to an
emergency contact (such as a homeowner). This module is
built with a Quadband GPRS-GSM SIM800L. If high-rate
smoke is detected, it sends a warning notice to the emergency
contact and support center, along with an emergency message.
With a quad-band antenna, the SIM800L is a lightweight
quad-band GSM/GPRS device. A valid SIM card may be used
to make phone calls, send text messages, and access the
internet. The Quadband GPRS-GSM SIM800L can link
directly to the Arduino Uno through the breadboard. SIM
800L Module, Arduino Uno 3, and breadboard SIM 800L 5V
to Bus POS, SIM 800L TX to Arduino Uno 10, SIM 800L RX Fig. 5. Emergency Alarm Module (EAM).
to Arduino Uno 11, SIM 800L GND to Bus GND, and SIM
800L RST to Arduino Uno 3. IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram for the Notification Send To build the proposed smart embedded fire safety system
Module (NSM). some hardware has been integrated. Arduino Uno R3,
Breadboard, Smoke Gas Sensor - MQ-2, Quadband GPRS-
GSM SIM800L, Buzzer, NPN BC337 Transistor, and LCD
Display 20x4 12C are all necessary components.
All of these components have been combined in the design
and development of the proposed embedded framework. The
overall system diagram is seen in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. The proposed intelligent smart embedded system diagram.

In general, 17 experiments are carried out to analyze the 8 4.9 3.108 Pass
efficiency of the integrated smart embedded device. Our
embedded device would be installed in a medium-sized 9 5.2 3.339 Pass
kitchen design of around 110 square feet. The room was
10 5.8 4.012 Pass
tightly sealed, and the temperature was 26 ° Celsius. To begin,
we placed the device near a smoke-producing fire, around 1 m 11 6.2 4.319 Pass
away from the flame. And we start counting down the device's
response time. The device then took 0.312 seconds to identify 12 6.9 4.415 Pass
the smoke, switch on the red led light with an emergency 13 7.4 4.590 Pass
warning, and transmit warning messages to the designated
phone numbers (See Fig. 8). 14 7.9 5.162 Pass
After that, in test step 2, we moved the device away from
15 8.5 5.309 Pass
the flame to a distance of around 1.7 m, and it worked well.
Similarly, we conducted 17 experiments in order to determine 16 9.0 5.624 Pass
the device's maximum distance from the flames. We were
17 9.5 6.019 Pass
concerned that the device might operate in every corner of the
room. For the remaining 15 experiments, we gradually raise
the gap between each stage; when the distance between each
For a clearer interpretation of the output, we showed the
step increases, the system takes significantly longer to
Graphically representation of Table I data in Fig.7. We can see
respond; we all know that when the fire burns anything, it
that the device's overall efficiency is really good, and the trend
takes at least a certain period of time for the smoke to be
line shows that response time increases as the distance
produced and blended with the environment. It takes time for
increases.
the unit to penetrate the mixed smoke air as it is well removed
from the flames. With a maximum distance of 9.5 meters, we
had a maximum response time of 6.019 seconds. All of the
experimental results (distance and response time) are collected
by Arduino and integrated display.
In Table. I, we depicted the value that we have noted from the
experiments.

TABLE I. PROPOSED SYSTEM PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT

Distance from Response Time in
No. of Test Status
Flame (m) Seconds
1 1 0.312 Pass

2 1.7 0.590 Pass

3 2.3 1.201 Pass Fig. 7. Performance Evaluation Chart (Graphical representation of Table I
data).
4 2.8 1.483 Pass

5 3.2 1.599 Pass

6 3.9 2.151 Pass

7 4.4 2.495 Pass

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