Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 1 :

Single Option Correct Type Questions

n This section contains 39 multiple choice questions. 11. Let A = { x : x is a multiple of 3} and B = { x : x is a
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of
which ONLY ONE is correct
multiple of 5}, then A Ç B is given by
(a) {3, 6, 9 } (b) {5, 10, 15, 20 , K }
1. If A and B are two sets, then A Ç ( A È B ) equals (c) {15, 30, 45, K } (d) None of these
(a) A (b) B
(c) f (d) None of these
12. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4 } and C = {4, 5, 6}, then
A È ( B Ç C ) is
2. If R is a relation from a set A to a set B and S is a relation
(a) {3 } (b) {1, 2, 3, 4 }
from a set B to set C, then the relation SoR
(c) {1, 2, 5, 6 } (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
(a) is from A to C (b) is from C to A
(c) does not exist (d) None of these 13. Let A = {x , y, z }, B = {u, v , w } and f : A ® B be defined by
f ( x ) = u,
3. Let R = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2)} and S = {(2, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3)} be two
f (y ) = v ,f (z ) = w . Then, f is
relations on set A = {(1, 2, 3)}. Then, RoS is equal (a) surjective but not injective
(a) {(2, 3 ), (3, 2 ), (2, 2 )} (b) {(1, 3 ), (2, 2 ), (3, 2 ), (2, 1 ), (2, 3 )} (b) injective but not surjective
(c) {(3, 2 ), (1, 3 )} (d) {(2, 3 ) (3, 2 )} (c) bijective
(d) None of the above
4. If X andY are two sets, then X Ç (Y Ç X )¢ equals
(a) X (b) Y 14. If A = {2, 4 } and B = {3, 4, 5}, then ( A Ç B ) ´ ( A È B ) is
(c) f (d) None of these (a) {(2, 2 ), (3, 4 ), ( 4, 2 ), (5, 4 )} (b) {(2, 3 ), ( 4, 3 ), ( 4, 5 )}
(c) {(2, 4 ), (3, 4 ), ( 4, 4 ), ( 4, 5 )} (d) {( 4, 2 ), ( 4, 3 ), ( 4, 4 ), ( 4, 5 )}
5. For real numbers x and y, we write x R y Û x - y + 2
is an irrational number. Then, the relation R is
15. In the set X = { a, b, c , d }, which of the following
(a) reflexive (b) symmetric functions in X ?
(c) transitive (d) None of these (a) R1 = {(b, a ) (a, b ), (c, d ), (a, c )}
(b) R2 = {(a, d ) (d , c ), (b, b ), (c, c )}
6. Let f ( x ) = ( x + 1) 2 - 1, ( x ³ - 1). Then, the set (c) R3 = {(a, b ) (b, c ), (c, d ), (b, d )}
-1
S = {x : f ( x ) = f ( x )} is (d) R4 = {(a, a ) (b, b ), (c, c ), (a, d )}
ì -3 + i 3 -3 - i 3 ü 16. The composite mapping fog of the map f : R ® R,
(a) í 0, - 1, , ý, i = -1
î 2 2 þ f ( x ) = sin x and g : R ® R, g ( x ) = x 2 is
(b) { 0, 1, - 1 } (c) { 0, - 1 }
(a) x 2 sin x (b) (sin x ) 2 (c) sin x 2 (d) sin x / x 2
(d) empty
7. The number of elements of the power set of a set 17. Which of the following is the empty set?
(a) {x : x is a real number and x 2 - 1 = 0}
containing n elements is
(a) 2n - 1 (b) 2n (c) 2n - 1 (d) 2n + 1 (b) {x : x is a real number and x 2 + 1 = 0}
(c) {x : x is a real number and x 2 - 9 = 0 }
8. Which one of the following is not true? (d) { x : x is a real number and x 2 = x + 2 }
(a) A - B Í A (b) B ¢ - A ¢ Í A
(c) A Í A - B (d) A Ç B ¢ Í A 18. In order that a relation R defined on a non-empty set A
is an equivalence relation. It is sufficient, if R
9. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 8}, then ( A È B ) ´ ( A Ç B) is (a) is reflexive
(a) {(3, 1 ), (3, 2 ), (3, 3 ), (3, 8 )} (b) {(1, 3 ), (2, 3 ), (3, 3 ), (8, 3 )} (b) is symmetric
(c) {(1, 2 ), (2, 2 ), (3, 3 ), (8, 8 )} (d) {(8, 3 ), (8, 2 ), (8, 1 ), (8, 8 )} (c) is transitive
(d) possesses all the above three properties
10. Let A = {p , q , r }. Which of the following is not an
19. Let A = {p , q , r , s } and B = {1, 2, 3}. Which of the following
equivalence relation on A? relations from A to B is not a function?
(a) R1 = {( p, q ), (q, r ), ( p, r ), ( p, p )} (a) R1 = {( p, 1 ), (q, 2 ), (r , 1 ), (s , 2 )}
(b) R2 = {(r , q ), (r , p ), (r , r ), (q, q )} (b) R2 = {( p, 1 ), (q, 2 ), (r , 1 ), (s , 1 )}
(c) R3 = {( p, p ), (q, q ), (r , r ), ( p, q )} (c) R3 = {( p, 1 ), (q, 2 ), (r , 2 ), (r , 2 )}
(d) None of the above (d) R4 = {( p, 2 ), (q, 3 ), (r , 2 ), (s , 2 )}
20. n /m means that n is factor of m, then the relation f is 30. Let R be a relation defined by R = {(a, b ) : a ³ b }, where a
(a) reflexive and symmetric and b are real numbers, then R is
(b) transitive and symmetric (a) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(c) reflexive, transitive and symmetric (b) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
(d) reflexive, transitive and not symmetric (c) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive
21. The solution of 8x º 6 (mod 14) are (d) neither transitive, nor reflexive, not symmetric
(a) [8 ],[6 ] (b) [8 ],[14 ] 31. If sets A and B are defined as
(c) [6 ],[13 ] (d) [8 ],[14 ],[16 ] A = {( x , y ) : y = e x , x Î R } and B = {( x , y ) : y = x , x Î R }.
22. Let A be a set containing 10 distinct elements, the total (a) B Ì A (b) A Ì B
number of distinct functions from A to A is (c) A Ç B = f (d) A È B
(a) 10! (b) 1010 (c) 210 (d) 210 - 1
32. If f : A ® B is a bijective function, then f -1of is equal to
23. Let A and B be two non-empty subsets of set X such that (a) fof -1
A is not a subset of B, then (b) f
(a) A is a subset of the complement of B (c) f -1
(b) B is a subset of A (d) I A (the identity map of the set A)
(c) A and B are disjoint y y
(d) A and the complement of B are non-disjoint 33. If f (y ) = , g (y ) = , then ( fog )y is
2
(1 - y ) (1 + y 2 )
24. f and h are function from A ® B, where A = {a, b, c , d }
and B = {s, t , u } defined as follows equal to
f (a ) = t ,f (b ) = s, f (c ) = s y y (1 - y 2 )
(a) (b) (c) y (d)
f (d ) = u , h (a ) = s , h (b ) = t (1 - y 2 ) (1 + y 2 ) (1 - y 2 )
h ( c ) = s , h ( a ) = u, h ( d ) = u 34. If f : R ® R is defined byf ( x ) = 2x + | x |, then
Which one of the following statement is true? f (3x ) - f ( - x ) - 4 x equals
(a) f and h are functions
(a) f ( x ) (b) - f ( x ) (c) f ( - x ) (d) 2 f ( x )
(b) f is a function and h is not a function
(c) f and h are not functions 35. Let R and S be two non-void relations on a set A. Which
(d) None of the above of the following statement is false?
25. Let I be the set of integer and f : I ® I be defined as (a) R and S are transitive Þ R È S is transitive.
(b) R and S are transitive Þ R Ç S is symmetric.
f ( x ) = x 2 , x Î I , the function is (c) R and S are symmetric Þ R È S is symmetric.
(a) bijection (b) injection (d) R and S are reflexive Þ R Ç S is reflexive.
(c) surjection (d) None of these
36. Let f : R ® R, g : R ® R be two functions given by
26. Which of the four statements given below is different
f ( x ) = 2x - 3, g ( x ) = x 3 + 5. Then, ( fog ) -1 ( x ) is equal to
from others? 1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3
(a) f :A®B æ x + 7ö æ 7ö æ x - 2ö æ x - 7ö
(a) ç ÷ (b) ç x - ÷ (c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷
(b) f : x ® f (x ) è 2 ø è 2ø è 7 ø è 2 ø
(c) f is a mapping of A into B
37. If f ( x ) = ax + b and g ( x ) = cx + d , then f ( g ( x )) = g ( f ( x ))
(d) f is a function of A into B
Û
27. The number of surjections from A = {1, 2, K , n }, n ³ 2 (a) f (a ) = g(c ) (b) f (b ) = g(b )
onto B = {a, b } is (c) f (d ) = g(b ) (d) f (c ) = g(a )
(a) n P2 (b) 2n - 2 38. If f : R ® R, g : R ® R be two given functions, then
(c) 2n - 1 (d) None of these f ( x ) = 2 min ( f ( x ) - g ( x ), 0) equals
-1 (a) f ( x ) + g( x ) - | g( x ) - f ( x )|
28. Let f : R ® R be defined by f ( x ) = 3x - 4, then f ( x ) is
1 1 (b) f ( x ) + g( x ) + | g( x ) - f ( x )|
(a) ( x + 4 ) (b) x - 4 (c) f ( x ) - g( x ) + | g( x ) - f ( x )|
3 3
(c) 3 x + 4 (d) not defined (d) f ( x ) - g( x ) - | g( x ) - f ( x )|

29. f : R ® R is a function defined by f ( x ) = 10x - 7. If 39. Let f : R ® R, g : R ® R be two given functions, such
-1
g=f , then g ( x ) equals that f is injective and g is surjective, then which of the
1 1 x+7 x -7 following is injective?
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 x - 7 10 x + 7 10 10 (a) gof (b) fog (c) gog (d) fof
 Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 2 :
More than One Correct Option Type Questions
n This section contains 3 multiple choice questions. (a) R1 = {( x, y ) : y = 2 + x, x Î X , y Î Y }
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of (b) R2 = {(1, 1 ), (2, 1 ), (3, 3 ), ( 4, 3 ), (5, 5 )}
which MORE THAN ONE may be correct. (c) R3 = {(1, 1 ), (1, 3 ), (3, 5 ), (3, 7 ), (5, 7 )}
40. Let L be the set of all straight lines in the Euclidean plane. (d) R4 = {(1, 3 ), (2, 5 ), (2, 4 ), (7, 9 )}
Two lines l 1 and l 2 are said to be related by the relation R 42. Let the function f : R - {-b } ® R - {1} be defined by
iff l 1 is parallel to l 2 . Then, the relation R is x +a
f (x ) = (a ¹ b ), then
(a) reflexive (b) symmetric x +b
(c) transitive (d) equivalence (a) f is one-one but not onto
41. Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} andY = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }. Which of the (b) f is onto but not one-one
(c) f is both one-one and onto
following is/are relations from X to Y ? (d) f -1(2 ) = a - 2b

Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 3 :

Passage Based Questions
n This section contains 2 passages. Based upon each of 45. The value of 4( gof ) (2) - ( fog ) (9 ) is
the passage 3 multiple choice questions have to be (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 9
answered. Each of these questions has four choices (a),
(b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct. Passage II
(Q. Nos. 46 to 48)
Passage I
(Q. Nos. 43 to 45) R1 on Z defined by ( a, b) Î R1 iff | a - b | £ 7, R 2 on Q
defined by ( a, b) Î R 2 iff ab = 4 and R 3 on R defined by
Let f and g be real valued functions defined as
( a, b) Î R 3 iff a 2 - 4ab + 3ab 2 = 0.
ì7x 2 + x - 8, x £1 ì| x |, x < -3 46. Relation R1 is
ï ï
f ( x ) = í 4x + 5, 1 < x £ 7 g ( x ) = í0, -3£ x <2 (a) reflexive and symmetric (b) symmetric and transitive
ï 8x + 3, x>7 ï 2 (c) reflexive and transitive (d) equivalence
î îx + 4, x ³ 2
47. Relation R 2 is
43. The value of ( gof ) (0) + ( fog ) ( -3) is (a) reflexive (b) symmetric
(a) -8 (b) 0 (c) transitive (d) equivalence
(c) 8 (d) 16
48. Relation R 3 is
44. The value of 2( fog ) (7 ) - ( gof ) (6) is (a) reflexive (b) symmetric
(a) 9 (b) 11 (c) transitive (d) equivalence
(c) 13 (d) 15

Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 4 :

Single Integer Answer Type Questions
50. If A = ìí x | cos x > - ü
n
This section contains 6 questions. The answer to each 1
and 0 £ x £ pý and
question is a single digit integer, ranging from 0 to 9 î 2 þ
(both inclusive).
ì 1 p ü
49. In a group of 45 students, 22 can speak Hindi only and B = í x |sin x > and £ x £ pý and if pl £ A Ç B < pm,
î 2 3 þ
12 can speak English only . If (2l + 1) student can speak
both Hindi and English, the value of l is the value of ( l + m) is
 51. If S = R, A = { x : - 3 £ x < 7 } and B = { x : 0 < x < 10}, the 53. If two sets A and B are having 99 elements in common,
number of positive integers in ADB is the number of elements common to each of the sets
A ´ B and B ´ A are 121 l2 , the value of l is
52. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number
of subsets of the first set is 48 more than the total
number of subsets of the second set. The value of m - n is

Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 5 :

Matching Type Questions
n This section contains 2 questions. Questions 54 and 55. The domain of the function f ( x ) is denoted by
55 have three statements (A, B and C) given in Column Df .
I and four statements (p, q, r and s) in Column II and
questions 70 and 71 have four statements (A, B, C and Column I Column II
D) given in Column I and five statements (p, q, r, s
3 - 2x ö U [2kp , (2k + 1 ) p ]
and t) in Column II. Any given statement in Column (A) f ( x ) = (3 - x ) + sin -1 æç ÷,
(p)
k ÎI
I can have correct matching with one or more è 5 ø
statement(s) given in Column II. then D f is
54. The functions defined have domain R. (B) f ( x ) = log10 (1 - log10 (q) [ -4, - p ] È [ 0, p]
Column I Column II ( x 2 - 5 x + 16 )), then D f is
(A) 7 x + 1 (p) onto [ -1, 1 ] but not one-one
[ 0, p ] (C) f ( x ) = cos-1 æç 2 ö
÷ , then D f (r) (2, 3 )
è 2 + sin x ø
(B) cos x (q) one-one on [ 0, p ] but not
onto R is

(C) sin x (r) one-one and onto R (D) f ( x ) = (sin x ) + (16 - x 2 ), then (s) [ -1, 3 ]
D f is
(D) 1 + ln x (s) one-one on ( 0, ¥ )

Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 6 :

Statement I and II Type Questions
n
Directions Question numbers 56 to 59 are 57. Statement-1 If A = {x | g ( x ) = 0} and B = {x | f ( x ) = 0},
Assertion-Reason type questions. Each of these
then A Ç B be a root of { f ( x )} 2 + {g ( x )} 2 = 0.
questions contains two statements :
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a Statement-2 x Î A Ç B Þ x Î A or x Î B.
correct explanation for Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
58. Statement-1 P( A ) Ç P( B ) = P( A Ç B ), where P( A ) is
not a correct explanation for Statement-1. power set of set A.
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. Statement-2 P( A ) È P( B ) = P( A È B )
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
59. Statement-1 If Sets A and B have three and six
56. Statement-1 If a set A has n elements, then the elements respectively, then the minimum number of
2
number of binary relations on A = n n . elements in A È B is 6.
Statement-2 Number of possible relations from A to Statement-2 A Ç B = 3.
2
A = 2n .
 Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 7 :
Subjective Type Questions
n In this section, there are 15 subjective questions. 66. In a survey of population of 450 people, it is found that
60. Let A = {x : x is a natural number}, 205 can speak English, 210 can speak Hindi and 120
people can speak Tamil. If 100 people can speak both
B = {x : x is an even natural number},
Hindi and English; 80 people can speak both English and
C = {x : x is an odd natural number} Tamil, 35 people can speak Hindi and Tamil and 20
and D = {x : x is a prime number}. people can speak all the three languages, find the
Find number of people who can speak English but not a Hindi
(i) A Ç B (ii) A Ç C or Tamil. Find also the number of people who can speak
(iii) B Ç D (iv) C Ç D neither English nor Hindi nor Tamil.
61. Let U be the set of all people and M = {Males}, 67. A group of 123 workers went to a canteen for cold
S = {College students}, drinks, ice-cream and tea, 42 workers took ice-cream, 36
T = {Teenagers}, W = {People having height more than tea and 30 cold drinks. 15 workers purchased ice-cream
five feet}. and tea, 10 ice-cream and cold drinks, and 4 cold drinks
Express each of the following in the notation of set and tea but not ice-cream, 11 took ice-cream and tea but
theory. not cold drinks. Determine how many workers did not
(i) College student having heights more than five feet. purchase anything?
(ii) People who are not teenagers and have their height
less five feet. 68. Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R on I
(iii) All people who are neither males nor teenagers nor (the set of all integers) as follows:
college students. a R b iff n| (a - b ) i.e., iff (a - b ) is divisible by n. Show
that R is an equivalence relations on I.
62. The set X consists of all points within and on the unit
circle x 2 + y 2 = 1, whereas the set Y consists of all points 69. N is the set of positive integers. The relation R is defined
on and inside the rectangular boundary x = 0, x = 1, on N ´ N as follows:
y = - 1 and y = 1. Determine X È Y and X Ç Y . Illustrate (a, b ) R (c , d ) Û ad = bc
your answer by diagrams. Prove that R is an equivalence relation.
63. In a group of children, 35 play football out of which 20 70. The following relations are defined on the set of real
play football only, 22 play hockey; 25 play cricket out of numbers.
which 11 play cricket only. Out of these 7 play cricket and
football but not hockey, 3 play football and hockey but not (i) a R b Û | a - b | > 0
cricket and 12 play football and cricket both. (ii) a R b Û | a | = | b |
How many play all the three games? How many play (iii) a R b Û | a | ³ | b |
cricket and hockey but not football, how many play hockey (iv) a R b Û 1 + ab > 0
only? What is the total number of children in the group?
(v) a R b Û | a | £ b
64. Of the members of three athletic team in a certain Find whether these relations are reflexive, symmetric or
school, 21 are on the basketball team, 26 on the hockey transitive.
team and 29 on the football team. 14 play hockey and
basketball, 15 play hockey and football, 12 play football 71. Let A = {x : - 1 £ x £ 1} = B for each of the following
and basketball and 8 play all the three games. How functions from A to B. Find whether it is surjective,
many members are there in all? injective or bijective
65. In a survey of 200 students of higher secondary school, it x
(i) f ( x ) =
was found that 120 studied Mathematics; 90 studies 2
Physics and 70 studied Chemistry; 40 studied (ii) g( x ) = | x |
Mathematics and Physics; 3 studied Physics and (iii) h( x ) = x | x |
Chemistry; 50 studied Chemistry and Mathematics and (iv) k( x ) = x 2
20 studied none of these subjects. Find the number of
(v) l ( x ) = sin px
students who studied all the three subjects.
 72. If the functions f and g defined from the set of real 74. If the functions f , g and h are defined from the set of
x
numbers R to R such that f ( x ) = e and g ( x ) = 3x - 2, real numbers R to R such that
then find functions fog and gof . Also, find the domain of f ( x ) = x 2 - 1, g ( x ) = ( x 2 + 1),
the functions ( fog ) -1 and ( gof ) -1 . ì 0 , if x £ 0
h( x ) = í .
x2 - x î x , if x ³ 0
73. If f ( x ) = , then find the domain and range of f .
x 2 + 2x Then, find the composite function hofog and determine
Show that f is one-one. Also, find the function whether the function fog is invertible and h is the
d ( f -1 ( x )) identity function.
and its domain.
dx

Sets, Relations and Functions Exercise 8 :

Questions Asked in Previous 13 Year’s Exam
n This section contains questions asked in IIT-JEE, 80. Consider the following relations.
AIEEE, JEE Main & JEE Advanced from year 2005
R = {( x , y ) | x , y are real numbers and x = wy for some
to year 2017.
rational number w }
75. Let R = {(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9 ), (12, 12), (6, 12), (3, 9 ) be a relation
ìæ m p ö
on the set A = {3, 6, 9, 12}. S = í ç , ÷ m, n, p and q are integers such that n, q ¹ 0
The relation is [AIEEE 2005, 3M] îè n q ø
(a) an equivalence relation and qm = pn}, then [AIEEE 2010, 4M]
(b) reflexive and symmetric only (a) neither R nor S is an equivalence relation
(c) reflexive and transitive only (b) S is an equivalence relation but R is not an equivalence
(d) reflexive only relation
76. Let W denotes the words in the English dictionary. (c) R and S both are equivalence relations
Define the relation R by R = {( x , y ) ÎW ´ W } the words x (d) R is an equivalence relation but S is not an equivalence
relation
and y have atleast one letter in common, then R is
[AIEEE 2006, 3M] 81. Let P = {q : sin q - cos q = 2 cos q } and
(a) not reflexive, symmetric and transitive Q = {q : sin q + cos q = 2 sin q } be two sets. Then,
(b) reflexive, symmetric and not transitive
[IIT-JEE 2011, 3M]
(c) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(a) P Ì Q and A - P ¹ f (b) Q Ì
/ P
(d) reflexive, not symmetric and transitive
(c) P Ì
/ Q (d) P = Q
77. Let R be the real line, consider the following subsets of
82. Let f ( x ) = x 2 and g ( x ) = sin x for all x Î R .Then, the set
the plane R ´ R such that [AIEEE 2008, 3M]
of all x satisfying ( fogogof )( x ) = ( gogof ) ( x ), where
S = {( x , y ) : y = x + 1and 0 < x < 2}
( fog )( x ) = f ( g ( x )) is [IIT-JEE 2011, 3M]
T = {(x , y ) : x - y is an integer}.
(a) ± np , n Î { 0, 1, 2, K }
Which one of the following is true?
(b) ± np , n Î {1, 2, 3, K }
(a) Both S and T are equivalence relations on R
p
(b) S is an equivalence relation on R but T is not (c) + 2n p , n Î {...,-2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, K }
(c) T is an equivalence relation on R but S is not 2
(d) Neither S nor T is an equivalence relations on R (d) 2np, n Î {...,-2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, K }

78. If A, B and C are three sets such that A Ç B = A Ç C and 83. Let R be the set of real numbers.
A È B = A È C , then [AIEEE 2009, 4M] Statement-1 A = {( x , y ) Î R ´ R : y - x is an integer} is
(a) A Ç B = f (b) A = B an equivalence relation on R.
(c) A = C (d) B = C Statement-2 B = {( x , y ) Î R ´ R : x = ay for some
79. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4 }. The total number of unordered pair of rational number a} is an equivalence relation on R.
[AIEEE 2011, 4M]
disjoint subsets of S is equal to [IIT-JEE 2010, 5M]
(a) 25 (b) 34 (c) 42 (d) 41
 (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is 85. If X = {4 n - 3n - 1 : n Î N } andY = {9(n - 1): n = N }, where
not a correct explanation for Statement-1
N is the set of natural numbers, then X ÈY is equal to
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true [JEE Main 2014, 4M]
(a) X (b) Y (c) N (d) Y - X
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a
correct explanation for Statement-1 86. Let A and B be two sets containing four and two
84. Let A and B be two sets containing 2 elements and 4 elements, respectively. Then, the number of subsets of
elements, respectively. The number of subsets of A ´ B the set A ´ B, each having atleast three elements is
having 3 or more elements, is [JEE Main 2013, 4M] [JEE Main 2015, 4M]
(a) 220 (b) 219 (c) 211 (d) 256 (a) 275 (b) 510 (c) 219 (d) 256

Answers
62. X È Y = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 £ 1 or 0 £ x £ 1 and -1 £ y £ 1 }
X Ç Y = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 £ 1 and x ³ 0}
63. 5, 2, 12, 60 64. 43 65. 20 66. 45, 110
67. 44
70. (i) Not reflexive, symmetric, not transitive
(ii) Reflexive, symmetric, transitive
(iii) Reflexive, not symmetric, transitive
(iv) Reflexive, symmetric, not transitive
(v) Not reflexive, not symmetric, transitive
71. (i) Injective (ii) Injective
(iii) Bijective (iv) Not injective
(v) Surjective
Chapter Exerises 72. ( fog )x = e3x - 2 ; x Î R (gof )x = 3ex - 2; x Î R
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (c) Domain of ( fog )-1 (x) = (0, ¥).
7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (b) Domain of (gof )-1 (x) = (-2, ¥).
13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (d) 3
19. (c) 20. (d) 21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (b) 73. , R - {1}
(1 - x)2
25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (a) 36. (d) df -1 (x) 3 df -1 (x)
= , Domain of = R - {1}
37. (c) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (a,b,c,d) 41. (a,b,c) dx (1 - x)2 dx
42. (c,d) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (a) 47. (b) ì 0 , x2 £ 0
48. (a) 49. (5) 50. (1) 51. (3) 52. (2) 53. (9) 74. (hofog ) x = í , h is not an identity function and fog is not
2 2
54. (A) ® (r); (B) ® (q); (C) ® ( p); (D) ® (s) îx , x ³ 0
55. (A) ® (s); (B) ® (r); (C) ® ( p); (D) ® (q) invertible.
56. (b) 57. (c) 58. (c) 59. (a) 75. (c) 76. (b) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (d) 80. (b)
60. (i) B (ii) C (iii) {2} (iv){x : x is an odd prime, natural number} 81. (d) 82. (a) 83. (a) 84. (b) 85. (b) 86. (c)
61. (i) S Ç W (ii) T ¢ Ç W ¢ (iii) ( M È T È S ) ¢
 ⇒ ( 2 − 1 ) is an irrational number.

Solutions and (2, 3) ∈ R, then (2 − 3 + 2 ) is an irrational number.

⇒

⇒
( 2 − 1 ) is an irrational number.
(1, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (1 − 3 + 2 ) is an irrational number.
( 2 − 2 ) is an irrational number.
So, (1, 2) ∈ R and (2, 3) ∈ R ⇒
/ (1, 3) ∈ R (by any way)
1. By Venn diagram, ∴ R is not transitive relation.
6. f ( x ) = ( x + 1) 2 − 1 [Q x ≥ 1 ]
A B U
= x 2 + 1 + 2x − 1 = x 2 + 2x
S = { x : f ( x ) ≡ f −1( x )}
S is the set of point of intersection of (y = x ) and tf .
Now, solve y = x and f ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x
It is clear that A ∩ ( A ∪ B ) = A
x 2 + 2x = x
2. R S
A B B C x2 + x = 0
x( x + 1 ) = 0
x = 0 or x = − 1
R S 7. Let set A contains n elements.
A B C Power set of A is the set of all subsets.
∴ Number of subsets of A = nCo + nC1 + nC 2 + K + nCn = 2n
∴ Power set of A contains 2n elements.
8. By Venn diagram, it is clear that
SoR
A − B ⊆ A and B ′ − A′ ⊆ A and A ∩ B ′ ⊆ A
SoR is the relation from A to C.
but A ⊆ / A−B
3. R = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2)} 9. A = {1, 2, 3}
S = {(2, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3)}
S R
B = {3, 8 }
A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 8 }
1 1
2 3 A ∩ B = {3 }
3 2
3 2 ( A ∪ B ) × ( A ∩ B ) = {1, 2, 3, 8 } × {3 }
2 3
= {(1, 3 ), (2, 3 ), (3, 3 ) (8, 3 )}
10. A = { p, q, r }
RoS = {(2, 3), (2, 2), (3, 2)}
R1 = {( p, q ), (q, r ), ( p, r ), ( p, p )}
4. X ∩ (Y ∩ X )′ = X ∩ (Y ′∪ X ′ )
(q, q ) ∉ R1, so R1 is not reflexive relation.
= (X ∩ Y ′ ) ∪ (X ∩ X ′ ) So, R1 is not an equivalence relation.
= (X ∩ Y ′ ) ∪ φ = X ∩ Y ′
R2 = {(r , q ), (r , p ), (r , r ), (q, q )}
= X − (X ∩ Y )
Here, ( p, p ) ∉ R2, so R2 is not reflexive relation.
5. xRy ⇔ ( x − y + 2 ) is an irrational number. So, R2 is not an equivalence relation.
Let ( x, x ) ∈ R. R3 = {( p, p ), (q, q ), (r , r ), ( p, q )}
Then, x − x + 2 = 2 which is an irrational number. R3 is an reflexive relation.
∴ x R x, ∀ x ∈ R ( p, a ) ∈ R3 but (q, p ) ∉ R3
∴ R is an reflexive relation. R3 is not symmetric relation.
x R y ⇒ ( x − y + 2 ) is an irrational number. So, R3 is not equivalence relation.
⇒ − (y − x − 2 ) is an irrational number. 11 . A = {x : x is a multiple of 3}
A = {x : x = 3m, m ∈ N }
⇒ (y − x − 2 ) is an irrational number.
B = {x : x is a multiple of 5}
y R x ⇒ (y − x + 2 ) is an irrational number. B = { x : x = 5n, n ∈ N }
So, xRy ⇒yRx
/ ∴R is not a symmetric relation. A ∩ B = {x : x is a multiple of both 3 and 5}
Let (1, 2) ∈ R, then (1 − 2 + 2 ) is an irrational = {15, 30, 45, ...}
number.
12. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6} 20.
n
means that n is a factor of m.
⇒ B ∩ C = { 4} m
and A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = {1, 2, 3, 4 } So, f is reflexive.
Q A number is a factor of itself.
13. A = { x, y , z }, B = {u, v, w }
Now, if n is a factor of m, then m is not a factor of n
Now, f : A → B
∴ f is not symmetric. Let n is a factor of m and m is a factor of
A f B s, then it is true that n is a factor of s.
x u ∴ f is transitive.
8x − 6
y v 21. λ= , where λ ∈ I +
z w 14
14 λ + 6
∴ 8 x = 14 λ + 6 ⇒ x =
8
f is one-one and f is onto. 7λ + 3 3
⇒ x= = λ + ( λ + 1 ), when λ ∈ I
14. A = {2, 4 } 4 4
B = {3, 4, 5 } and here greatest common divisor of 8 and 14 is 2, so there are
A ∩ B = { 4} two required solutions.
A ∪ B = {2, 3, 4, 5 } for λ = 3 and λ = 7, x = 6, 13 or x = [6 ][13 ]
( A ∩ B ) × ( A ∪ B ) = {( 4, 2 ), ( 4, 3 ), ( 4, 4 ), ( 4, 5 )} 22. n( A ) = 10
15. X = {a, b, c, d } Total number of distinc Functions from A to A = 1010.
R1 = {(b, a ), (a, b ), (c, d ), (a, c )} 23. A ⊆ X and B ⊆ X and A ⊆ B
(a, b ) ∈ R1 and (a, c ) ∈ R, In all 3 possible cases,
∴R1 is not a function.
X X
R2 = {(a, d ), (d , c ), (b, b ), (c, c )} A B A B

X
a d
b b
c c
A X
d B

Hence, R2 is a function.
16. f : R → R
⇒ f ( x ) = sin x and g : R → R
24. A = {a, b, c, d }
⇒ g( x ) = x 2
B = {s , t, u }
Range of g is R + ∪ { 0 }, which is the subset of domain of f .
A B h
∴ Composition of fog is possible.
a a
fog = f ( g( x )) = f ( x 2 ) b
t
b
s
s t
= sin x 2 c c
u u
d d
17. x −1 = 0
2

⇒ x = − 1, 1
It is clear that f is a function.
∴ x is real, q x2 + 1 = 0
But in relation h, a have h image s and u.
⇒ x=±i
So, h is not a function.
∴ x is not real, x 2 − 9 = 0
25. f ( x ) = x 2, x ∈ Z
⇒ x=±3
f (1 ) = 1
∴ x is real x2 − x − 2 = 0 f ( −1 ) = 1
⇒ x = 2, − 1 ∴ f is not one-one
∴ x is real. Range of f is set of whole number.
18. By definition for equivalent relation. Which is a subset of Z.
R should be reflexive, symmetric, transitive. ∴f is not onto.
19. Q x - coordinates of two brackets are same. 26. It is obvious.
27. A = {1, 2, ...,n } n ≥ 2 32. f : A → B
B = {a, b } f is a function, then f −1 is also a bijective function.
Number of into functions from A to B = 2 Composite function ( f −1 of ) = I A
Total Numer of functions from A to B = [n( B )]n ( A ) = 2n A f B B f –1 A
∴ Total Number of onto functions from A to B = 2n − 2
28. f : R → R
⇒ f (x ) = 3x − 4
f is one-one onto function.
∴ Let y = 3x − 4 y y
33. f (y ) = , g(y ) =
y +4 (1 − y 2 ) (1 + y 2 )
x=
3  y 
x+4 and ( fog )y = f ( g(y )) = f  
Replace x by y ⇒ y = = f − 1( x )  (1 + y 2 ) 
 
3
y y
29. f : R → R
(1 + y 2 ) (1 + y 2 )
⇒ f ( x ) = 10 x − 7 = = =y
y2 1
It is clear that f is one-one and onto. 1−
(1 + y 2 ) (1 + y 2 )
∴ Let y = 10 x − 7
y +7 34. f : R → R
∴ x= = f −1(y )
10 f ( x ) = 2 x + | x|
x+7 When x ≥ 0, then f ( x ) = 2 x + x = 3 x
g( x ) = f −1( x ) =
10 When x < 0, then f ( x ) = 2 x − x = x
30. R = {(a, b ) : a ≥ b } Now, when x ≥ 0
f (3 x ) − f ( − x ) − 4 x = 3(3 x ) − ( − x ) − 4 x = 9 x + x − 4 x
We know that, a ≥ a
= 6x [Q x ≥ 0]
∴ (a, a ) ∈ R, ∀ a ∈ R
= 2(3 x ) = 2 f ( x ) [∴− x ≤ 0]
R is a reflexive relation.
When x < 0,
Let (a, b ) ∈ R f (3 x ) − f ( − x ) − 4 x = 3 x − ( −3 x ) − 4 x = 2 x = 2 f ( x )
⇒ a ≥b 35. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, R = {(1, 1) (1, 2)}
⇒
/ b ≤a and S = {(2, 2 ), (2, 3 )}
⇒
/ (b, a ) ∈ R be the transitive relation on A.
So, R is not symmetric relation. Then, R ∪ S = {(1, 1, ) (1, 2 )(2, 2 ) (2, 3 )}
Now, let (a, b ) ∈ R and (b, c ) ∈ R. R ∪ S is not transitive, because (1, 2 ) ∈ R ∪ S
⇒ a ≥ b and b ≥ c and (2, 3 ) ∈ R ∪ S but (1, 3 ) ∈ / R ∪ S.
⇒ a ≥c 36. f :R→ R
g:R→ R
⇒ (a, c ) ∈ R
f (x ) = 2x − 3
∴ R is a transitive relation.
g( x ) = x 3 + 5
31. A = {( x, y ) : y = e x , x ∈ R }
⇒ ( fog )( x ) = f ( g( x )) = f ( x 3 + 5 ) = 2( x 3 + 5 ) − 3
B = {( x, y ) : y = x, x ∈ R }
= 2x 3 + 7
Y
y = ex Now, let y = 2 x 3 + 7
2x 3 = y − 7
y=x 1/ 3
 y − 7
x= 
(0, 1)  2 
Replacing x by y, we get
1/ 3
O  x − 7
y = 
 2 
1/ 3
∴ A⊂B  x − 7
∴ ( fog ) −1( x ) =  
 2 
37. f ( x ) = ax + b x1 + a x 2 + a
⇒ =
g( x ) = cx + d x1 + b x 2 + b
f ( g( x )) = g( f ( x )) ⇒ x1x 2 + bx1 + ax 2 + ab = x1x 2 + ax1 + bx 2 + ab
f (cx + d ) = g(ax + b ) ⇒ b( x1 − x 2 ) = a( x1 − x 2 )
a(cx + d ) + b = c(ax + b ) + d ⇒ ( x1 − x 2 ) (b − a ) = 0
acx + ad + b = acx + bc + d ⇒ x1 = x 2 [Qa ≠ b]
ad + b = cb + d ∴f is one-one function.
f (d ) = g(b ) x+a
Now, let y =
38. f : R → R, g : R → R x+b
f ( x ) = 2 min f ( x ) − g( x ),0 ) xy + by = x + a
Let f ( x ) − g( x ) > 0, then x(y − 1 ) = a − by
F ( x ) = f ( x ) − g( x ) − | f ( x ) − g( x )| andf ( x ) − g( x ) < 0, then a − by a − by
x= and f −1(y ) =
F ( x ) = 2 [ f ( x ) − g( x )] = [ f ( x ) − g( x )] − | f ( x ) − g( x )| y −1 y −1
39. f : R → R and g : R → R such that f is injective and + g is Q y ∈ R − {1 }
surjective. ∴ x is defined, ∀y ∈ R − {1 }
Then, g may be one-one or many-one. a − 2b
If g is one-one, then gof is one-one. f −1(2 ) = = a − 2b
2 −1
fog is one-one
gog is one-one Sol. (Q. Nos. 43 to 45)
But if g is many-one, then gof is not one-one. 43. ( gof )( 0) = g( f ( 0)) = g(7( 0) 2 + 0 − 8)
fog is not one-one. = g( −8 ) = | −8| = 8
gog is many-one and ( fog ) ( −3 ) = f ( g( −3 )) = f ( 0 ) = 7( 0 ) 2 + 0 − 8 = − 8
Now, fof is one-one ∴ ( gof )( 0 ) + ( fog ) ( −3 ) = − 8 + 8 = 0
40. Relation R on the set of all straight lines in the plane is of 44. ( fog )(7) = f ( g(7)) = f (7 2 + 4) = f (53)
parallel line.
= 8(53 ) + 3 = 427
A line is parallel to itself. So, R is reflexive. and ( gof )(6 ) = g( f (6 )) = g( 4 × 6 + 5 ) + g(29 )
If l1 is parallel to l 2 , then l 2 is parallel to l1. = (29 ) 2 + 4 = 845
∴ R is symmetric relation. [l1, l 2 ∈ L] ∴ 2( fog )(7 ) − ( gof )(6 ) = 2 × 427 − 845 = 9
Let l1, l 2, l 3 ∈ L 45. ( gof )(2) = g( f (2)) = g( 4 × 2 + 5) = g(13)
l1 is parallel to l 2 and l 2 is parallel to l 3. = (13 ) 2 + 4 = 173
Then, l1 is parallel to l 3.
and ( fog )( g ) = f ( g(9 )) = f (9 2 + 4 ) = f (85 )
∴ R is transitive relation.
= 8 × 85 + 3 = 683
So, R is equivalence relation.
∴ 4( gof )(2 ) − ( fog )(9 ) = 4 × 173 − 683 = 9
41. X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Sol. (Q. Nos. 46-48)
Y = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }
(a) R1 = {( x, y ) : y = 2 + x, x ∈ X , y ∈ Y }
46. We have, (a, b ) ∈ R1 iff | a − b| ≤ 7, where a, b ∈ z
x =1 y =2 Reflexivity Let a ∈ z
x =2 y =4 ⇒ a −a = 0
x =3 y =5 ⇒ | a − a| ≤ 7
x=4 y =6 ⇒ 0 ≤7
x =5 y =7
⇒ (a, a ) ∈ R1
So, R1 is a relation from X to Y .
∴The relation R1 is reflexive.
(b) R2 = {(1, 1 ), (2, 1 ), (3, 3 ) ( 4, 3 ), (5, 5 )} Symmetry
R2 ⊆ X × Y (a, b ) ∈ R1
(c) R3 = {(1, 1 ), (1, 3 ), (3, 5 ) (5, 7 )} ⇒ | a − b| ≤ 7 ⇒ | −(b − a )| ≤ 7
R3 ⊆ X × Y ⇒ | b − a| ≤ 7 ⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R1
(d) R4 ⊆
/ X ×Y ∴The relation R1 is symmetric.
42. f : R − { − b } → R − {1} Transitivity We have (2, 6), (6, 10 ) ∈ R1 because
x+a |2 − 6| = 4 ≤ 7 and |6 − 10| = 4 ≤ 7
f (x ) = [a ≠ b ]
x+b Also, |2 − 10| = 8 ≤/ 7
Let x1, x 2 ∈ D f ∴ (2, 10 ) ∈
/ R1
f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) Hence, the relation R1 is not transitive.
47. We have (a, b ) ∈ R2 iff ab = 4, where a, b ∈ Q 50. ∴ cos x > −
1
and 0 ≤ x ≤ π
Reflexivity 5 ∈Q and (5 )(5 ) = 25 ≠ 4 2
∴ (5, 5 ) ∈ 2π 2π
/ R2 ⇒ − <x< and 0 ≤ x ≤ π
The relation R2 is not reflexive. 3 3
2π
Symmetry ⇒ 0≤x<
3
(a, b ) ∈ R2
 2π 
⇒ ab = 4 ⇒ ba = 4 ∴ A = 0,
 3 
⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R2
1 π
∴ The relation R2 is symmetric. Again, sin x > and ≤x≤π
2 3
 1  1 
Transitivity We have 8,  ,  , 8 ∈ R2 because π 5π π
 2  2  ⇒ <x< and ≤x≤π
6 6 3
 1  1 π 5π
8   = 4 and   (8 ) = 4
 2  2 ⇒ ≤x<
3 6
Also, 8(8 ) = 64 ≠ 4  π 5π 
∴ (8, 8 ) ∈ B= , 
/ R2  3 6 
∴ The relation R2 is not transitive.
 π 2π 
A∩B=
 3 3 
48. We have, (a, b ) ∈ R3 iff a 2 − 4ab + 3b 2 = 0 Now, ,
where a, b ∈ R π 2π
Reflexivity ≤A∩B<
3 3
∴ a 2 − 4a ⋅ a + 3d 2 = 4a 2 − 4a 2 = 0 1 2
Here λ = and µ =
∴ (a, a ) ∈ R3 3 3
∴The relation R3 is reflexive. λ + µ =1
Symmetry 51. Here, A = [ −3, 7 ), B = ( 0, 10 )
(a, b ) ∈ R3
and S = ( − ∞, ∞ )
⇒ a 2 − 4ab + 3b 2 = 0, we get a = b and a = 3b
∴ A − B = [ −3, 0 ] and B − A = [7, 10 )
and (b, a ) ∈ R3 ∴ A∆B = ( A − B ) ∪ ( B − A ) = [ −3, 0 ] ∪ [7, 10 )
⇒ b 2 − 4ab + 3a 2 = 0
∴Positive integers are 7, 8, 9.
we get b = a and b = 3a Number of positive integers = 3
∴ (a, b ) ∈ R3 ⇒(
/ b, a ) ∈ R 3 52. As 2m − 2n = 48 = 16 × 3 = 2 4 × 3
∴The relation R3 is not symmetric.
⇒ 2n (2m − n − 1 ) = 2 4 (2 2 − 1 )
 1
Transitivity We have (3, 1), 1,  ∈ R3 ∴ n = 4 and m − n = 2
 3
n = 4 and m = 6
because (3 ) 2 − 4(3 )(1 ) + 3(1 ) 2 = 9 − 12 + 3 = 0 Now, m −n =2
2
 1  1 4 1 53. n(( A × B ) ∩ ( B × A )) = n(( A ∩ B ) × ( B ∩ A ))
and (1 ) 2 − 4(1 )   + 3   = 1 − + = 0
 3  3 3 3 = n( A ∩ B ) ⋅ n( B ∩ A )
 1 = n( A ∩ B ) ⋅ n ( A ∩ B )
Also, 3,  ∉ R3, because
 3 = 99 × 99 = 121 × 9 2
2
 1  1 1 16 ∴ λ =9
(3 ) 2 − 4 ⋅ (3 )   + 3   = 9 − 4 + = ≠0
 3  3 3 3 54. (A) y = 7x + 1
∴The relation R3 is not transitive. f (x ) = 7x + 1
49. Given, a = 22, Y
c = 12
H E (0,1)

a b c X′ X
O
Y′
and a + b + c = 45 Let x1, x 2 ∈ D f ,
⇒ 22 + b + 12 = 45 then f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )
∴ b = 11 = 2 λ + 1 ⇒ 7 x1 + 1 = 7 x 2 + 1 ⇒ x1 = x 2
⇒ λ =5 f is one-one, ∀ x ∈ R
 y −1 ⇒ − sin x ≤ 4 sin x ≥ 0
Now, y = 7x + 1 ⇒ x =
7
⇒ sin x ≥ − 4 2nπ ≤ x ≤ (2n + 1 ) π , n ∈ z …(i)
for each y ∈ R, we get x ∈ R
f is onto function We know that sin x ∈ [ −1, 1 ]
(B) y = cos x ∴ x ∈R … (ii)
for x ∈[ 0, π ], y ∈ [ −1, 1 ] From Eqs. (i) and (ii); x ∈ [2kπ , (2k + 1 ) π ]
∴f is one-one on [0 π], Domain = ∪ [2kπ ,(2k + 1 π )]
k ∈I
∀ x ∈ R, y ∈ [ −1, 1 ]
y is not onto R.
(D) y = sin x + 16 − x 2 for y to be defined
(C) y = sin x or f ( x ) = sin x
for x ∈[ 0, π ], y ∈[ 0, 1 ] sin x ≥ 0 16 − x 2 ≥ 0
 π 3  2π  3
x ∈ [2kπ ,(2k + 1 ) π ], k ∈ I −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 …(ii)
f  = and f   = …(i)
 3 2  3  2
∴f is not one-one on ( 0, π ), From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
∀ x ∈ R and y ∈ [ −1, 1 ] x ∈ [ −4, − π ] ∪ [ 0, π ]
∴f is onto [ −1, 1 ]. 56. Let
(D) y = 1 + In x and f ( x ) = 1 + In x A = {a1, a 2, a 3, K , an }
2
y is defined for x ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) Then, the number of binary relations on A = n (n × n ) = nn
Let x1, x 2 ∈D f 2
and number of relations form A to A = 2n × n = 2n
then f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )
Both statements are true but Statement-2 is not a correct
⇒ 1 + In x1 = 1 + In x 2
explanation for Statement-1.
⇒ x1 = x 2
57. Let α ∈ ( A ∩ B ) ⇒α ∈ A and α ∈ B
∴ f is one-one, ∀ x ∈(0, ∞)
⇒ g(α ) = 0
 3 − 2x 
55. (A) Let y = 3 − x + sin −1   and f (α ) = 0
 5 
3 − 2x ⇒ { f (α )} 2 + { g(α )} 2 = 0
For y to be defined 3 − x ≥ 0 on −1 ≤ ≤1
5 ⇒ α is a root of { f ( x )} 2 + { g( x )} 2 = 0
x ≤3 …(i) Hence, Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false.
− 5 ≤ 3 − 2x ≤ 5
58. Let x ∈ P ( A ∩ B )
and −1 ≤ x ≤ 4 …(ii)
⇔ x ⊆ (A ∩ B )
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇔ x ⊆ A and x ⊆ B
x ∈ [ −1, 3 ]
⇔ x ∈ P ( A ) and x ∈ P ( B )
(B) Let y = log10 {1 − log10( x 2 − 5 x + 16 )} for y to be defined
⇔ x ∈ P (A ) ∩ P (B )
x 2 − 5 x + 16 > 0 and 1 − log10( x 2 − 5 x + 16 ) > 0 ∴ P (A ∩ B ) ⊆ P (A ) ∩ P (B )
 5
2
39 and P (A ) ∩ P (B ) ⊆ P (A ∩ B )
x −  + > 0 and log10( x 2 − 5 x + 16 ) < 1
 2 4 Hence, P (A ) ∩ P (B ) = P (A ∩ B )
which is true, ∀ x ∈R …(i) Now, consider sets A = {1 }, B = {2 } ⇒ A ∪ B = {1, 2 }
⇒ x 2 − 5 x + 16 < 10 ∴ P ( A ) = { φ, {1 }} , P ( B ) = { φ, {2 }}.
and P ( A ∪ B ) = { φ {1 }, {2 }, {1, 2 } ≠ P ( A ) ∪ P ( B )}
⇒ x 2 − 5 x + 6 < 0 ⇒ ( x − 3 )( x − 2 ) < 0
Hence, Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false.
⇒ 2 < x <3 …(ii)
59. n( A ∪ B ) = n( A ) + n( B ) − n( A ∩ B )
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), x ∈(2, 3 )
= 3 + 6 − n( A ∩ B ) = 9 − n( A ∩ B )
2
(C) Let y = cos−1 , for y to be defined As maximum number of element in ( A ∩ B ) = 3
2 + sin x ∴ Minimum number of elements in ( A ∩ B ) = 9 − 3 = 6
2 Q − 1 < sin x ≤ 1  Both statements are true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation
−1 ≤ ≤1 1 < 2 + sin x ≤ 3 
2 + sin x   for Statement-1.
Multiplying by (2 + sin x ) 60. A = { x : x is a natural number}
− (2 + sin x ) ≤ 2 ≤ 2 + sin x B = { x : x is an even natural number}
C = { x : x is an odd natural number}
⇒ −2 − sin x ≤ 2 2 ≤ 2 + sin x
D = { x : x is a prime number}
 (i) A ∩ B = { x : x = 2n, n ∈ N } = B From Eq. (vi), d = 2
(ii) A ∩ C = { x : x is an odd natural number} = C From Eq. (iii) b + 2 + 3 + 5 = 22
(iii) B ∩ D = { x : x is prime natural number} = {2 } ∴ b = 12
(iv) C ∩ D = { x : x is odd prime natural number}
Hence, a = 20, b = 12, c = 11, d = 2, e = 7, f = 3, g = 5
61. U = Set of all people Number of children play all the three games = g = 5
M = {Males}
Number of children play cricket and hockey but not football
S = {College students} =d =2
T = {Teenagers}
Number of children play hockey only = b = 12
W = {People having height more than 5 feet}
Total number of children in the group
(i) College students having heights more than 5 feet = S ∩ W = a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 60
(ii) People who are not teenagers and having their heights
64. a + f + e + g = 21 …(i)
less than 5 feet = T ′ ∩ W ′
b + d + f + g = 26 …(ii)
(iii) All people who are neither males nor teenagers nor
college students = ( M ∪ T ∪ S )′ c + d + e + g = 29 …(iii)
62. X = {( x, y ) : x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1} f + g = 14 …(iv)
g + d = 15 …(v)
Y = {( x, y ) : 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, − 1 ≤ y ≤ 1 }
e + g = 12 …(vi)
X ∪ Y = {( x, y ) : x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 or 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and −1 ≤ y ≤ 1 }
g =8 …(vii)
X ∩ Y = {( x, y ) : x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 and x ≥ 0}
Y Y B H
(0, 1)
(0, 1) a f b
g
e d
X´ X
(–1, 0) (1, 0) X´ X c
(1, 0)
(0, –1)
(0, –1) F
Y´
Y From Eqs. (vii) and (vi), e = 4
Y
Form Eqs. (vii) and (v), d = 7
(0, 1)
(0, 1) From Eqs. (vii) and (iv), f = 6
X´ X X´
O (1, 0)
X From Eq. (iii), c + 7 + 4 + 8 = 29 ⇒c = 29 − 19 = 10 = c
O (1, 0)
(0, –1) From Eq. (ii), b + 7 + 6 + 8 = 26 ⇒b = 26 − 21 ⇒ b = 5
(0, –1)
From Eq. (i), a + 6 + 4 + 8 = 21 ⇒a = 21 − 18 ⇒ a = 3
Y´ Y´ n( B ) + n( H ) + n( F ) = a + b + c + d + e + f + g
63. Given, a = 20 …(i) = 3 + 5 + 10 + 7 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 43
e + f + g = 15 …(ii) 65. a + e + f + g = 120 …(i)
b + d + f + g = 22 …(iii) b + d + f + g = 90 …(ii)
c = 11 …(iv) e + f + c + d = 70 …(iii)
F g + f = 40 …(iv)
f + d = 30 …(v)
a e + f = 50 …(vi)
e C
f g U=200
c M
P
d
b
a g b
H f
e d
c
c + d + e + g = 25 …(v)
⇒ d + e + g = 14 …(vi) C
e =7 …(vii)
f =3 …(viii) U − (a + b + c + d + e + f + g ) = 20
From Eqs. (vii), (viii) and (ix),
⇒ a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 180 …(vii)
e + g = 12 ...(ix)
From Eqs. (i) and (iv), a + e = 80 …(viii)
e = 7, f = 3, g = 5
From Eqs. (ii) and (iv), b + d = 50 …(ix)
 From Eqs. (iii) and (v), e + c = 40 …(x) From (iv) and (vii), g + 11 = 15 ⇒ g = 4 …(viii)
from Eqs (viii), (ix) & (x), a + b + c + d + e + e = 197 …(xi) From (v) and (viii), f + 4 = 10 ⇒ f = 6 …(ix)
from (xi), (vii) and (iv), 197 − e + 40 = 180 From (i), c + 6 + 4 + 11 = 42 ⇒ c = 21 …(x)
170 − e + 40 = 180 From (ii), b + 4 + 4 + 11 = 36 ⇒ b = 17 …(xi)
e = 210 − 180 = 30 From (iii), a + 6 + 4 + 4 = 30 ⇒a = 16 …(xii)
From Eq. (vi), e + f = 50 Number of required persons
⇒ 30 + f = 50 = 123 − (16 + 17 + 21 + 4 + 11 + 6 + 4 )
⇒ f = 20 = 123 − 79
66. b + e + f + g = 205 …(i) = 44

a + d + f + g = 210 …(ii) 68. aRb iff n |(a − b )| i.e. (a − b ) is divisible by n.

c + d + e + g = 120 …(iii) Reflexivity a − a = 0 which is divisible by n.
f + g = 100 …(iv) So, (a, a ) ∈ R, ∀ a ∈ I
∴ R is reflexive relation.
e + g = 800 …(v)
Symmetry Let (a, b ) ∈ R
d + g = 35 … (vi)
Then, (a, b ) ∈ R ⇒(a − b ) is divisible by n.
g = 20 …(vii)
⇒ − (b − a ) is divisible by n.
H E ⇒ (b − a ) is divisible by n.
⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R
a f b
g ∴ R is symmetric relation.
d e
Transitivity Let (a, b ) ∈ R, (b, c ) ∈ R, then (a − b ) and (b − c )
c
are divisible by n.
T ⇒ a − b = nk1 and b − c = nk2 [k1, k2 ∈ I ]
⇒ (a − b ) + (b − c ) = n(k1 + k2 )
From Eqs. (vi) and (vii), d = 15 ⇒ a − c = n (k1 + k2 )
From Eqs. (vii) and (v), e = 60 ⇒ (a − c ) is divisible by n.
From Eqs. (vii) and (iv), f = 80 ⇒ (a, c ) ∈ R
From Eq. (i), b + 60 + 80 + 20 = 205 ⇒b = 205 − 160 ∴ R is transitive relation.
⇒ b = 45 = Can speak English but not Hindi or Tamil. ∴ R is an equivalence relation.
From Eq. (ii) a + 15 + 80 + 20 = 210
⇒ a + 115 = 210 ⇒ a = 95 69. R defined on N × N such that
From Eq. (iii), c + 15 + 60 + 20 = 120 (a, b ) R (c, d ) ⇔ ad = bc
⇒ c = 120 − 95 ⇒ c = 25 Reflexivity Let (a, b ) ∈ N × N
People who can speak neither E nor H nor T ⇒ a, b ∈ N ⇒ ab = ba
= 450 − (95 + 45 + 25 + 15 + 60 + 80 + 20 ) ⇒ (a, b ) R (a, b )
= 450 − 340 = 110 ∴ R is reflexive on, N × N .
67. c + f + g + e = 42 …(i) Symmetry Let (a, b ) ,(c, d ) ∈ N × N ,
b + d + g + e = 36 …(ii) then (a, b ) R (c, d ) ⇒ad = bc
a + f + d + g = 30 …(iii) ⇒ cb = da
g + e = 15 …(iv) ⇒ (c, d ) R (a, b )
f + g = 10 …(v) ∴ R is symmetric on N × N .
d =4 …(vi) Transitivity Let (a, b ), (c, d ), (e, f ) ∈ N × N
e = 11 …(vii) Then, (a, b ) R (c, d ) ⇒ad = bc …(i)
(c, d ) R (e, f ) ⇒ cf = de …(ii)
C I From Eqs. (i) and (ii), (ad ) (cf ) = (bc ) (de )
f c ⇒ af = be
a
g ⇒ (a, b ) R (e, f )
d e
∴ R is transitive relation on N × N .
b
∴ R is equivalence relation on N × N .
T
70. (i) aRb ⇔| a − b| > 0  1
Transitivity We observe that 1,  ∈ R and
Reflexivity a − a = 0  2
∴ (a, a ) ∉ R 1 
 , − 1 ∈ R but (1, − 1 ) ∉ R because
∴ R is not reflexive 2 
Symmetry (a, b ) ∈ R ⇒ | a − b | > 0 1 + (1 ) ( −1 ) = 0 >/ 0
⇒ | − (b − a ) > 0 | ∴ R is not transitive on R.
⇒ |b − a | > 0 (v) aRb ⇔ | a | ≤ b
⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R Reflexivity Let −1 ∈ R, then | −1| ≤/ ( −1 )
∴ R is symmetric relation ∴ R is not reflexive relation
Transitivity (a, b ) ∈ R and (b, c ) ∈ R Symmetry Now, let −3 R 4, then | 4| ≤/ −3
⇒ | a − b| > 0 and | b − c | > 0 ⇒ 4 R/ − 3
⇒ | a − b | + |b − c | > 0 [by addition] ∴R is not symmetric relation
Now, let a > b and b > c, then a > c Transitivity aRb and bRc ⇒ |a | ≤ b and | b| ≤ c
|a − b | + |b − c | = a − b + b − c = a − c > 0 Then, | a| ≤ c ⇒ aRc
⇒ |a − c | > 0 ∴ R is transitive relation.
If a < b and b > c, then 71. A = { x : − 1 ≤ x ≤}
| a − b | + | b − c | = − (a − b ) + (b − c ) = − a + 2b − c
⇒ / |a − c | > 0 B = { x : − 1 ≤ x ≤}
∴ R is not transitive relation. x
(i) f ( x ) =
2
(ii) aRb ⇔ | a | = | b |
Reflexivity We have, | a | = | a | Let x1, x 2 ∈ A
⇒ aRa∀a ∴ f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) ⇒
x1 x 2
=
∴ R is reflecxive relation. 2 2
Symmetry aRb ⇒ | a | = | b | ⇒ x1 = x 2
⇒ |b | = |a | ∴ f is one-one function.
⇒ bRa x
∴ R is symmetric relation. Now, let y = ⇒ x = 2y
2
Transitivity (a, b ) ∈ R and (b, c ) ∈ R
⇒ −1 ≤ y ≤ 1
⇒ | a | = | b | and | b | = | c |
⇒ −2 ≤ 2y ≤ 2 ⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 2
⇒ |a | = |c |
⇒ (a, c ) ∈ R Let x ∈ [ −1, 1 ]
∴ R is transitive relation. ∴ There are some value of y for which x does not exist.
So, f not onto.
(iii) aRb ⇔ | a | ≥ | b |
(ii) g( x ) = | x |
Reflexivity For any a ∈ R, we have | a | ≥ | a |
For x = − 1, g( −1 ) = 1
So, aRa ∀ a
and for x = 1, g(1 ) = 1
∴ R is reflexive relation.
∴ f is not one-one function
Symmetry aRb ⇒ | a | ≥ | b |
Let y = | x |, then y ≥ 0
⇒ |b | ≤ |a |
∴ f is not onto.
∴ R is not symmetric relation.
 x 2, x ≥ 0
Transitivity aRb and bRc ⇒ | a | ≥ | b | and | b | ≥ | c | (iii) h( x ) = x | x | =  2
⇒ |a | ≥ |c | − x , x < 0
⇒ aRc y = x2

∴ R is transitive relation.
(iv) aRb ⇔ 1 + ab > 0, ∀ a, b ∈ R
Reflexivity Let a ∉ R ⇒ 1 + a ⋅ a = 1 + a 2 > 0
–1
⇒ (a, a ) ∈ R O 1
∴ R is reflexive on R.
Symmetry Let (a, b ) ∈ R, then (a, b ) ∈ R
⇒ 1 + ab > 0 y =– x 2
⇒ 1 + ba > 0
⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R From figure, it is clear tat h is one-one and onto i.e.,
∴ R is symmetric on R. bijective.
 (iv) k( x ) = x 2 1 + 2y
⇒ x=
1 −y
y = x2
Now, for y = 1, x is not defined.
1
1 Now, x = 0, f ( x ) = −
2
 1
–1 1 ∴ R f = R − 1, − 
 2
Now, let x1, x 2 ∈ D f
k(1 ) = 1 x1 − 1 x 2 − 1
and k( −1 ) = 1 Then, f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) ⇒ =
x1 + 2 x 2 + 2
So, k is many-one function.
⇒ x1x 2 + 2 x1 − x 2 − 2 = x1x 2 − x1 + 2 x 2 − 2
From figure, y ∈( 0, 1 )
⇒ x1 = x 2
∴ y is not onto function.
∴f is one-one function.
(v) y = l ( x ) = sin πx
x −1
for x = 1, l(1 ) = sin π = 0 Now, let y =
x+2
for x = − 1, l( −1 ) = sin( − π ) = 0
∴l is not one-one. 1 + 2y
Then, x=
Now, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 1 −y
⇒ −π ≤ π x ≤ π −1 1 + 2y
⇒ f (y ) = [Q f ( x ) = y ⇒ x = f −1(y )]
⇒ −1 ≤ sin π x ≤ 1 1 −y
∴ y is onto function. 1 + 2x
Replace y by x, we get f −1( x ) =
Hence, l is surjective function. 1−x
72. ( fog ) x = f (3x − 2) = e 3x − 2 d −1 (1 − x ) 2 − (1 + 2 x ) ( −1 )
⇒ { f ( x )} =
and ( gof ) x = g(e x ) = 3e x − 2 dx (1 − x ) 2
( fog ) x = y ⇒ e 3x − 2 = y 2 − 2 x + 1 + 2x
Let =
2 + loge y (1 − x ) 2
⇒ 3 x − 2 = loge y ⇒ x = d 3
3 ⇒ { f −1 ( x )} =
2 + log y dx (1 − x ) 2
⇒ ( fog ) −1(y ) = e
3 d
∴ Domain of { f −1 ( x )} = R − {1 }
⇒ y > 0 So, domain of ( fog ) −1 is ( 0, ∞ ). dx
Now, again let ( gof ) x = 3e x − 2 74. f ( x ) = x 2 − 1
y +2  0, if x≤0
⇒ y = 3e x − 2 ⇒ e x = g( x ) = x 2 + 1; h( x ) = 
3 x, if x≥0
 y + 2 ∴ (hofog ) ( x ) = (hof ) { g( x )}
∴ x = loge  
 3 
= (hof ) x 2 + 1
 y + 2
⇒ ( gof ) −1(y ) = loge  
 3  = h { f (x 2 + 1) }
Clearly, y + 2 > 0 ⇒ y > −2 = h { (x 2 + 1)2 − 1} = h (x 2 + 1 − 1)
∴ Domain of ( gof ) −1 is ( −2, ∞ ).
= h (x 2 ) = x 2 [Q x 2 ≥ 0]
x2 − x
73. f (x ) = 2 …(i) and ( fog ) ( x ) = f { g( x )}
x + 2x 2
x( x − 1 ) = f ( x + 1 ) =  x 2 + 1 − 1 = x 2 + 1 − 1 = x 2
2
f (x ) =
x( x + 2 )
Let y = ( fog ) x = x 2, ∀ x ∈ R
(x − 1)
f (x ) = ,x ≠0 …(ii) If x = 1, then y = 1
(x + 2)
If x = − 1, then y = 1
D f = { x : x 2 + 2x ≠ 0} [from Eq. (i)] 0 , x ≤ 0
So, fog is not one-one, so it is not invertible h( x ) = 
= { x : x ∈ R − { 0, − 2 }} x , x ≥ 0
x −1 x = − 1, h ( −1 ) = 0 and for x = − 2, h( −2 ) = 0
Now, let y = For
x+2 ∴ h is not identity function.
⇒ yx + 2y = x − 1 ⇒ x(y − 1 ) = − (1 + 2y )
75. Here, (3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12) So, it is Reflexive and (b) Symmetric xRy : ( x − y ) is an integer.
(3, 6 ), (6, 12 ), (3, 12 ) So, it is Transitive ⇒ − (y − x ) is also an integer.
Here, reflexive and transitive only. ∴ (y − x ) is also an integer.
76. Clearly, ( x, x ) ∈ R, ∀ x ∈W ⇒ y Rx
So, R is reflexive. Hence, it is symmetric.
Let ( x, y ) ∈ R, then (y , x ) ∈ R as x and y have atleast one letter (c) Transitive x R y and y R z
in common. So, R is symmetric. But R is not transitive. ⇒ ( x − y ) and (y − z ) are integere and.
e.g. Let x = INDIA, y = BOMBAY and z = JUHU ⇒ ( x − y ) + (y − z ) is an integer.
⇒ ( x − z ) is an integer.
Then, ( x, y ) ∈ R and (y , z ) ∈ R but ( x, z ) ∉ R
⇒ x Rz
77. T = {( x, y ) : x − y ∈ I }
∴ It is transitive
As 0 ∈ I , so T is a reflexive relation. Hence, it is equvalence relation.
If x − y ∈ I ⇒y − x ∈ I Statement-2
∴T is symmetric also. B = {( x, y ) ∈ R × R : x = αy for some reational number α}
If x − y = I and y − z = I 2
If α = 1, then
Then, x − z = ( x − y ) + (y − z ) = I 1 + I 2 ∈ I
xRy : x = y (To check equivalence)
∴ T is also transitive.
Hence, T is an equivalence relation. Clearly, x ≠ x + 1 ⇒ ( x , x ) ∉S (a) Reflexive xRx : x = x (True)
∴S is not reflexive. ∴Reflexive
78. Q A ∩ B = A ∩ C ⇒ B = C and A ∪ B = A ∪ C ⇒ B = C (b) Symmetric xRy : x = y ⇒ y = x ⇒ yRx
Hence, B =C ∴ Symmetric
79. For disoint sets, A ∩ B = φ (c) Transitive xRy and yRz ⇒ x = y
Each element in either A or B or neither. and y = z ⇒ x = z ⇒ xRz
∴ Transitive
∴ Total ways = 3 4 = 81; A = B iff A = B = φ
Hence, it is equivalence relation.
Otherwise, A and B are interchangable ∴Both are true but Statement-2 is not correct explanation of
∴ Number of unordered pair for disoint subsets of Statement-2
34 + 1 84. Q A × B has 8 elements.
S= = 41
2
∴Number of subsets = 2 8 = 256
80. xRy need not implies yRx. Number of subsets with zero element = 8C 0 = 1
m P m m
S : S ⇔ qm = pm ⇒ S is reflexive. Number of subsets with one element = 8C1 = 8
n q s n
m p p m Number of subsets with one elements = 8C 2 = 28
S ⇒ S is symmetric.
n q q n Hence, Number of subsets of A × B having 3 or more elements
m p p r = 256 − (1 + 8 + 28 ) = 256 − 37 = 219
and S , S ⇒qm = pn, pt = qr
n q q t 85. Since, 4n − 3n − 1 = (1 + 3)n − 3n − 1
⇒
m r
mt = nr ⇒ S is transitive. = (1 + nC1 ⋅ 3 + nC 2 ⋅ 3 2 + nC 3 ⋅ 3 3 + ... + nCn ⋅ 3n ) − 3n − 1
n t = 3 2(n C 2 + nC 3 ⋅ 3 + ...+ nCn ⋅ 3n − 2 )
∴ S is an equivalence relation.
⇒ 4n − 3n − 1 is a multiple of 9 for n ≥ 2
81. P : sin θ − cosθ = 2 cosθ ⇒ tanθ = 2 + 1
For n = 1, 4n − 3n − 1 = 4 − 3 − 1 = 0
1
Q : sin θ + cosθ = 2 sin θ ⇒ tanθ = = 2+1 For n = 2, 4n − 3n − 1 = 16 − 6 − 1 = 9
2 −1
∴4n − 3n − 1 is multiple of 9 for all n ∈ N .
∴ P =Q
It is clear that X contains elements, which are multiples of 9
82. Q( fogogof ) ( x ) = ( gogof ) ( x ) and Y contains all multiples of 9.
∴ (sinsin x 2 ) 2 = sinsin x 2 ⇒sinsin x 2 = 0 or 1 ∴ X ⊆ Y i.e., X ∪ Y = Y
⇒ x = + nπ , n ∈ { 0, 1, 2, 3,... } 86. n( A ) = 4, n( B ) = 2 ⇒ n( A × B ) = 8
83. Statement-1 A = {( x, y ) ∈ R × R : y − x is an integer} The number of subsets of A × B having at least three elements
= 8C 3 + 8C 4 + 8C 5 + ... + 8C 8
(a) Reflexive xRy : ( x − x ) is an integer
which is true. = 2 8 − ( 8C 0 + 8C1 + 8C 2 )
Hence it is reflexive. = 256 − (1 + 8 + 28 ) = 219