KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ XXII

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 11

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO LÂM ĐỒNG

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN THĂNG LONG – ĐÀ LẠT
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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

PART 1. PHONOLOGY

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from those of the others of
each group
1. A. attitude B. attach C. bacteria D. apparent
2. A. committee B. employee C. agree D. steel
3. A. theme B. therapy C. thus D. theology
4. A. honey B. once C. done D. common
5. A. dew B. knew C. sew D. few

Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from the other three of each group
6. A. elemental B. elephant C. elegant D. elevator
7. A. conspicuous B. advantageous C. apprentice D. intangible
8. A. adverse B. aerosol C. hallucinate D. ornament
9. A. nevertheless B. separate C. hurricane D. headline
10. A. metabolism B. volunteerism C. egoism D. communism

KEY:
1D 2A 3C 4D 5C 6A 7B 8C 9A 10A
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PART 2. WORD CHOICE

1. The ______ are against her winning a fourth consecutive gold medal.
A. chances B. bets C. prospects D. odds
2. The police have been ordered not to ______ if the students attack them.
A. combat B. rebuff C. retaliate D. challenge
3. That Mary is an _______ liar: you must take what she says with a small grain of salt.
A. incorrigible B. incurable C. irredeemable D. irremediable
4. Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have _______ fears of civil war.
A. flashed up B. prognosticated C. sidetracked D. stoked up
5. Four people drowned when the yatch ______ in a sudden storm.
A. inverted B. overflowed C. upset D. capsized
6. Look, will you stop _____ in and let me finish my sentence!
A. plugging B. pushing C. butting D. moving
7. You can’t bury your head ________ and hope that this problem goes away, you know.
A. in the mud B. in the pool C. in the sand D. in the water
8. I’m working long hours this week._______, the au-pair girl has asked for a few days’ leave.
A. Even so B. All the same C. On top of that D. After all
9. Little did I imagine The Amazing Race would entail long-winded journeys and ups and downs
_______
A. aplenty B. inexhaustibly C. profusely D. superabundant
10. Researchers have made a(n) _______ plea for more sponsorship so that they can continue their
project.
A. compassionate B. dispassionate C. encompassed D. impassioned

KEY:
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D
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PART 3. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES

1. Business has been thriving for the past few years. Long _____ it continue to do so.
A could B does C may D might
2. I ____. He should have ___ than to lend them money.
A. am not sorry once and for all / thought more B. am not sorry for once / been better
C. for one thing am not sorry / known more D. for one am not sorry / known better
3. The scientists _____ the festival of Ramadan, but they were too busy with their research in the
laboratory.
A. would have liked to commemorate B. would have loved to have observed
C. would prefer to have obeyed D. would sooner have celebrated
4. How annoying! You _____ again!
A. have made the self-same mistake yet of yours B. may yet make the same mistake
C. have made the same mistake yet D. have yet to make the same mistake
5. The man _____ of carrying out the burglary was released _____ by police.
A. to be suspected / followed questioning B. having been suspected / following questioned
C. suspected / following questioning D. being suspected / followed questioned
6. _____ knowledge about genetic diseases has increased is welcome news.
A. That scientific B. It was scientific C. Though scientific D. Science
7. I’ll be kind to her _____she decide to leave me.
A. in case B. whereas C. so as not D. lest
8. “I’m totally broke. Have you got any money on you?” – “_____ at all”
A. Not B. None C. Nothing D. No
9. _____, one tin will last for at least six weeks.
A. Used economical B. Using economical
C. Used economically D. Using economically
10. A new generation of performers, _____ those who by now had become a household name,
honed their skills before following the same path onto television.
A. no less talented than B. along with talented as
C. together with talented as D. having been more talented than

KEY:
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A
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PART 4. PREPOSITIONS & PHRASAL VERBS

1. Jane is out in the garden mulling _____ a problem to do _____ work.
A. over / with B. away / without C. in / to D. into / for
2. I’m afraid you’ve caught me on the _____ I wasn’t expecting you until this afternoon.
A. stove B. grapevine C. spot D. hop
3. To get his proposal accepted, the Finance Manager had to _____ heavy pressure from colleagues.
A. fend off B. laugh off C. send off D. push off
4. The new regim determined to _____ compulsory military service.
A. stop of B. end up C. phase out D. break off
5. After a fall in profits, the company decided _____ the hotel business.
A. to pull out of B. to back off from C. to take out of D. to keep away from
6. She’s rung _____. I must have said something to upset her.
A. up B. round C. back D. off
7. Our class monitor had a brilliant speech yesterday although he spoke _____ the cuff then
A. about B. with C. off D. on
8. Cali gambled away all his father’s legacy and finally he _____ his family _____ misery.
A. put / in B. threw / into C. made / in D. led / to
9. The younger sons consider themselves to have been robbed _____ their rightful inheritance.
A. by B. with C. around D. of
10. He’s sometimes bad tempered but he’s a good fellow _____ heart.
A. by B. at C. with D. in

KEY:
1A 2D 3A 4C 5A 6D 7C 8B 9D 10B
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PART 5. READING COMPREHENSION

Reading 1
You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A,
B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller. Not geographically, of
course, but in the sense that media, technology and the opening of borders has enabled the world’s
citizens to view, share and gain access to a much wider range of cultures, societies and world views.
In this melting pot that the world has become, today’s child is privy to facets of the human
experience that his immediate predecessors had no inkling even existed. It stands to reason that in
order to absorb, configure and finally form opinions about this information-laden planet, children
must be supplied with certain tools. Included in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills,
cultural awareness and the acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the latter.
Until recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would have been
considered a very rare entity. This one-language phenomenon could be attributed to a combination
of factors. Firstly, the monolingual environment in which a child was raised played a strong role, as
did the limited, biased education of the past. With regard to immigrants, the sad fact was that non-
native parents tended to withhold the teaching of the mother tongue so that the child would acquire
the ‘more prestigious’ language of the adopted country.
Nowadays, the situation has undergone an almost complete reversal. In the majority of
North American and European countries, most children are given the opportunity to learn a second
or even a third language. Children acquire these foreign languages through various and diverse
means. In many countries, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state school
curriculum. Other children rely on language schools or private tuition to achieve their goal. In other
instances, children are born to bilingual parents, who, if they so desire, may teach the children two
languages.
Bringing up one’s child bilingually is not a decision to be taken lightly. Both parents must
consider long and hard the implications involved in raising a child in a two-language home. This
decision is one of those all-important choices which will affect not only the parents’ lives but also
the life of the child. Raising a child bilingually has a two-fold effect. Firstly, of course, the child
learns the two languages of the parents. Secondly, the parents’ decision will influence factors which
will have a far-reaching effect on the child’s life. Some of these factors include: style and place of
education; diameter of social circle; employment potential and preference; and, most importantly,
the way in which the child views himself and his global environment.
One of the more advantageous by-products of being a member of a bilingual family is the
inherent awareness of two different cultures. This bicultural child inherits a wealth of knowledge
brought about by an exposure to: historical backgrounds; traditional songs and folklore; rituals of
marriage; models of social interaction; and therefore, two varying interpretations of the world. The
monolingual child seems to be at a disadvantage in comparison to the bilingual child, who has a set
of languages and an accompanying set of abstract cultural ideas. Practically speaking, when a child
comes from a two-language family, he must be taught both languages in order to communicate with
the extended family members. When, for example, the grandparents speak a language which differs
from that of the child’s locale, a monolingual child would be deprived of the interaction which
occurs between grandparents and grandchildren. On the other hand, a bilingual child will not only
be able to speak to grandparents, but will also comprehend where these people have ‘come from’.
There will be a shared cultural empathy within the family. Because all family members can
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communicate, on both a verbal and cultural level, no one will feel excluded and the child will
develop a sense of rootedness.
On a more abstract level, it has been said that a bilingual child thinks differently from a
monolingual child. Current research in linguistics indicates that there may be a strong correlation
between bilingualism and cognitive skills. This new research concerns itself with the fact that a
bilingual child has two lexical structures for any given physical or abstract entity. This leads
logically to the assumption that the child also has two associations for many words, as a word can
mean different things in different languages. For example, the word ‘fire’ in many western
hemisphere languages connotes warmth and relaxation. In the Inuit language however, where fire is
a necessity of life, it may connote heat and survival. For the bilingual child, then, vocabulary items
and the abstract idea behind them are both dual in nature and more elastic. Researchers maintain
that this elasticity of ideas may allow the child to think more flexibly and, therefore, more
creatively.
1. In the author’s view, the world is becoming a _____.
A. more culturally diverse place. B. place where only privileged children will prosper.
C. less complex place to live in. D. much more integrated place.
2. According to the first paragraph, which of the following was true of immigrants?
A. Children were reluctant to use their mother tongue.
B. The mother tongue was considered less important.
C. Parents encouraged children to use their mother tongue.
D. Most parents made it a priority for children to grow up bilingual.
3. The phrase “privy to” in paragraph 1 mostly means _____.
A. acquainted with B. advised of C. apprised of D. in the know about
4. The phrase “attributed to” in paragraph 1 mostly means _____.
A. ascribed to B. associated with C. connected with D. held responsible for
5. According to the writer, second or foreign language learning is something _____.
A. people are still apathetic towards.
B. mainly associated with private sector education.
C. that few people take seriously.
D. about which general attitudes have evolved considerably.
6. According to the article, the decision to raise bilingual children is difficult because ______.
A. it may limit the child’s choice of friends.
B. though simple for parents, it can impact negatively on children.
C. it may cause children to lose their sense of identity.
D. it needs to be considered from many different angles.
7. With regard to the extended family in immigrant situations, the writer feels it is important that
_____.
A. adults try to understand the child’s difficult cultural situation.
B. children are not pressured to speak their parents’ native language.
C. adults recognize the child’s need to identify more with local culture.
D. children can relate to all aspects of their parents’ native culture.
8. The word “by-products” in paragraph 4 mostly means _____.
A. entailments B. knock-on effects C. side effects D. spin-offs
9. The word “connotes” in paragraph 5 mostly means _____.
A underpins B. implies C. signifies D. smacks of
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10. According to current research, the benefit of learning two languages is that _____.
A. different types of knowledge can be accessed in different languages.
B. bilinguals become more aware the origin of words in languages.
C. it helps to develop different capabilities of the mind.
D. bilinguals develop a greater sense of the value of culture.

KEY:
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
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Reading 2
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer for
each of the questions
IMAGE AND THE CITY
In the city, we are barraged with images of the people we might become. Identity is presented as
plastic, a matter of possessions and appearance; and a very large proportion of the urban landscape
is taken up by slogans, advertisements, flatly photographed images of folk heroes – the man who
turned into a sophisticated dandy overnight by drinking a particular brand of drink, the girl who
transformed herself into a femme fatale with a squirt of cheap scent. The tone of the wording of
these advertisements is usually pert and facetious, comically drowning in its own hyperbole. But
the pictures are brutally exact: they reproduce every detail of a style of life, down to the brand of
cigarette-lighter, the stone in the ring, and the economic row of books on the shelf.
Even in the business of the mass-production of images of identity, this shift from the general to
the diverse and particular is quite recent. Consider another line of stills: the back-lit, soft-focus
portraits of the first and second generations of great movie stars. There is a degree of romantic
unparticularity in the face of each one, as if they were communal dream-projections of society at
large. Only in the specialized genres of westerns, farces and gangster movies were stars allowed to
have odd, knobby cadaverous faces. The hero as loner belonged to history or the underworld: he
spoke from the perimeter of society, reminding us of its dangerous edges.
The stars of the last decade have looked quite different. Soft-focus photography has gone, to be
replaced by a style which searches out warts and bumps, and emphasizes the uniqueness not the
generality of the face. Voices, too, are strenuously idiosyncratic; whines, stammers and low rumbles
are exploited as features of “star quality”. Instead of romantic heroes and heroines, we have a
brutalist, hard-edged style in which isolation and egotism are assumed as natural social conditions.
In the movies, as in the city, the sense of stable hierarchy has become increasingly exhausted; we
no longer live in a world where we can all share the same values, and the same heroes. (It is
doubtful whether this world, so beloved of nostalgia moralists, ever existed; but lip-service was paid
to it, the pretence, at last, was kept up.) The isolate and the eccentric push towards the centre of the
stage; their fashions and mannerisms are presented as having as good a claim to the limelight and
the future as those of anyone else. In the crowd on the underground platform, one may observe a
honeycomb of fully-worked-out worlds, each private, exclusive, bearing little comparison with its
nearest neighbour. What is prized in one is despised in another. There are no clear rules about how
one is supposed to manage one’s body, dress, talk, or think. Though there are elaborate protocols
and etiquettes among particular cults and groups within the city, they subscribe to no common
standard.
For the new arrival, this disordered abundance is the city’s most evident and alarming quality.
He feels as if he has parachuted into a funfair of contradictory imperatives. There are so many
people he might become, and a suit of clothes, a make of car, and a brand of cigarettes, will go
some way towards turning him into a personage even before he has discovered who that personage
is. Personal identity has always been deeply rooted in property, but hitherto the relationship has
been a simple one – a question of buying what you could afford, and leaving your wealth to
announce your status. In the modern city, there are so many things to buy, such a quantity of
different kinds of status, that the choice and its attendant anxieties have created a new pornography
of state.
The leisure pages of the Sunday newspapers, fashion magazines, TV plays, popular novels,
cookbooks, window displays all nag at the nerve of our uncertainty and snobbery. Should we like
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American cars, hard-rock hamburger joints, Bauhaus chairs…? Literature and art are promoted as
personal accessories, the paintings of Mondrian or the novels of Samuel Beckett “go” with certain
styles like matching handbags. There is in the city a creeping imperialism of taste, in which more
and more commodities are made over to being mere expressions of personal identity. The piece of
furniture, the pair of shoes, the book, the film, are important not so much in themselves but for what
they communicate about their owners; and ownership is stretched to include what one likes or
believes in as well as what one can buy.
1. What does the writer say about advertisements in the first paragraph?
A. They often depict people that most other people would not care to be like.
B. The pictures in them accurately reflect the way that some people really live.
C. Certain kinds are considered more effective in cities than others.
D. The way in which some of them are worded is cleverer than it might appear.
2. What does a “femme fatale” refer to?
A. a beautiful woman who spends her time enjoying herself
B. a gorgeous woman who realizes most men’s dream
C. a potential good wife
D. an attractive woman who may bring unhappiness to men
3. The word “facetious” is closest in meaning to _____.
A. flippant B. prevalent C. impudent D. complacent
4. The writer says that if you look at a line of advertisements on a tube train, it is clear that _____.
A. city dwellers have very diverse ideas about what image they would like to have
B. some images in advertisements have a general appeal that others lack
C. city dwellers are more influenced by images on advertisements than other people are
D. some images are intended to be representative of everyone’s aspirations
5. What does the writer imply about portraits of old movie stars?
A. They reflected an era in which people felt basically safe.
B. They made people feel that their own faces were rather unattractive.
C. They tried to disguise the less attractive features of their subjects.
D. Most people did not think they were accurate representations of the stars in them.
6. What does the writer suggest about the stars of the last decade?
A. Most people accept that they are not typical of society as a whole.
B. They make an effort to speak in a way that may not be pleasant on the ear.
C. Some of them may be uncomfortable about the way they come across.
D. They make people wonder whether they should become more selfish.
7. The writer uses the crowd on an underground platform to exemplify his belief that _____.
A. no one in a city has strict attitudes towards the behavior of others
B. no single attitude to life is more common than another in a city
C. people in cities would like to have more in common with each other
D. views of what society was like in the past are often accurate
8. The writer implies that new arrivals in a city may _____.
A. acquire a certain image without understanding what that involves
B. underestimate the importance of wealth
C. decide that status is of little importance
D. change the image they wish to have too frequently
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9. The novels of Samuel Beckett is an example of _____.

A. classic literature works that make their owners feel superior to other people
B. literature works of high artistic value
C. possessions that show owners’ identity
D. what is wanted by the majority in the society
10. What point does the writer make about city dwellers in the final paragraph?
A. They are unsure as to why certain things are popular with others.
B. They are keen to be the first to appreciate new styles.
C. They want to acquire more and more possessions.
D. They are aware that judgments are made about them according to what they buy.

KEY:
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D
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PART 6. CLOZE TESTS

Choose the words or phrases that best fit the blanks to make a complete passage
Cloze test 1
RESPONDING TO CHILDREN’S MISTAKES
Promoting children’s self-esteem seems to be one of the aims of modern childcare and education. It
goes (1) _____ with a culture in which children are (2) _____ praised for the most minor
achievements. While this promotion of self-esteem is, rightly, a reaction against (3) _____ times
when children weren’t praised enough, it also seems to be (4) _____ a fear of how failure will affect
children: a fear that if they don’t succeed at a task, they will somehow be damaged.
However, the opposite may well be true. Many scientists spend years experiencing (5) _____ failure
in the lab until they make a breakthrough. They know that ultimately this process advances
scientific knowledge. (6) _____, children need to experience failure to learn and grow. If children
have been praised for everything they’ve done, regardless of how good it is, then failure in adult life
will be all the more painful.
Life is full of (7) _____ and there is no point in trying to protect children from the disappointments
that (8) _____ them. Parents and educators shouldn’t be afraid of picking up on children’s mistakes,
as long as they also praise them when they do well. After all, the heroes children try to (9) _____,
the pop stars and footballers, have all reached the top (10) _____ ruthless competition. Like them,
children need to learn how to cope with failure and turn it to their advantage.

1. A. cap in hand B. hand in hand C. to show D. without saying

2. A. enthusiastically B. devotedly C. immensely D. thoroughly
3. A. grimmer B. more unrelenting C. more unsparing D. sterner
4. A. consequent upon B. owing to C. culminated in D. resulted from
5. A. concurrent B. consequent C. consecutive D. continual
6. A. All the same B. By the same token C. In like manner D. In similar fashion
7. A. flies in the ointment B. obstacle courses C. spanners in the works D. stumbling blocks
8. A. put great store by B. lie in wait for C. hold in store for D. wait up for
9. A. duplicate B. emulate C. replicate D. simulate
10. A. in the face of B. in the teeth of C. irrespective of D. without regard to

KEY:
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
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Cloze test 2

ROWLING’S PROMISE TO SAVE FORESTS

The popular writer J K Rowling has agreed to end her part in the (1) _____ of the world’s forests by
having her books printed on paper which is environmentally friendly. The multimillionaire author,
whose novels about a teenage wizard have consumed 6.5 million trees so far, is one of a number of
high profile authors who have (2) _____ their support for the environment by stipulating that only
recycled paper (3) _____ for their books. Techniques (4) _____ in Canada mean that, for the first
time, paper made from such materials as office waste paper can be used to make books. The
Canadian edition of Rowling’s last book was printed without chopping down a single tree, saving
an (5) _____ 40,000 of them.
In the past, it was difficult to print books on recycled paper because the paper was not strong
enough to (6) _____ a lifetime’s reading. Technological advances mean that paper which is (7)
_____ from waste material is now just as durable as paper made from virgin fibre in terms of
quality and strength.
Despite the high cost of developing recycled paper that has the required strength and whiteness
needed for books, there will not (8) _____ be a price rise for the reader. Instead, publishers are
likely to (9) _____ for the higher paper cost by using cheaper book covers, as (10) _____ in Canada.

1. A demolition B desolation C destruction D destitution

2. A contracted B pledged C secured D undertaken
3. A be used B is used C using D to be used
4. A founded B inaugurated C led D pioneered
5. A estimated B assessed C established D evaluated
6. A experience B withstand C confront D encounter
7. A manufactured B constructed C devised D formed
8. A certainly B naturally C absolutely D necessarily
9. A balance B compensate C return D refund
10. A developed B arose C happened D followed

KEY:
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
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B. WRITTEN TEST

PART 1. OPEN CLOZE TEST

Fill in each blank with ONE word to make a complete passage
Test 1
“When did you really begin to feel at home here?” Paul asked. “Oh, you've _____ (1) me
there!” John replied. “Let's just say you won't feel you truly belong until you've _____ (2) out with
your colleagues and then made it up several times. Over the summer, I've _____ (3) it with all of
them countless times, often over quite trivial things. I've lost _____ (4) of the times I've said to
myself - That's it! I've had _____ (5)! But I come back the next day, time after time. I've often
_____ (6) why I do. As far as the boss goes, just wait until you make a major mistake. Your
colleagues will go "Oooh, now you've _____ (7) it!" or "Um, that's _____ (8) it!", and the boss
comes in and just smiles at you. Then you'll know you've _____ (9) it. Then you'll definitely have
_____ (10).”

KEY:
1. got 2. fallen 3. lost 4. count 5. enough/it
6. wondered 7. done/had 8. torn 9. made/cracked 10. arrived
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Test 2

WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO WITH YOUR LIFE?

At some time or another, each and every young person must provide themselves with the necessary
skills –
“What can I do with my life?” It seems easy to break the big question down into a few smaller ones.
For example, “Where do I want to live?” “How much time can I (1)_______ myself over to
achieving my goals?” or “What kind of qualifications will I need to acquire?” But two of paramount
(2)_______ are “What are my interests?” and
“What are my strengths?” When you start to make (3)_______ for interests and strengths, it
makes sense to consider the (4)_______ first. After all, a successful career is best measured in how
satisfying you find (5)_______, and it’s easier to develop strengths and skills than to actually have
to force yourself (6)_______ loving what you’re supposed to do. You’ve probably thought a lot
about what you like and don’t like, and what kinds of jobs would (7)_______ your interest. But the
more clearly you (8)_______ out those interests, the closer you’ll be to making smart career
choices. You may find, for instance, that you hadn’t been (9)_______ of the fact that a lot of your
experiences and choices up to now apply them to the job market. If you’re still in high school, your
school’s guidance counsellors will also chat with you about getting to know your interests and
strengths better, and will be able to indicate particular interests that could be (10)_______ to
specific careers.

KEY:
1. give 6. into
2. Importance / significance / concern / consideration 7. hold
3. allowance(s) 8. set
4.former/ first-mentioned 9. aware / conscious
5. it 10. linked / related
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PART 2. WORD FORMS

A. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given word
1. Do you know that exceptionally successful entrepreneurs, such as Richard Branson, used to be
academically __________ by their peers when they were at school? (SHINE)
2. Efforts have been made to recover disaster-stricken and __________ areas of the country, hope
fading day by day. (WAR)
3. In his recent reports, he recommended the government extend the district to several medium-
sized towns and suburbs, but not those major __________ which will be utilised for nature
conservation. (URBAN)
4. In some countries, women can sue their husband for having __________ affairs and opt for one-
sided divorce. (MARRY)
5. New full-time students from lower income households will be able to apply for a(n) __________
maintenance grant offered by the government, but have to work in public sectors after they
graduate. (PAY)
6. Parents should not educate children by giving lots of __________ but help them learn from their
mistakes. (TICK)
7. Six-core processor is one of the most __________ technologies yet invented to revolutionise the
way computers work. (CUT)
8. There emerge the __________ intent on spoiling the party, and next in no time come the police to
see such spoilsports off. (CRASH)
9. Students who have finished the courses held before the main teaching semesters can now sign up
for __________ language courses, especially EAP writing course. (SESSION)
10. The board of directors pour scorn on the __________’ dereliction of duties, causing the
company to suffer catastrophic quarterly losses. (SEE)

KEY:
1. outshone 2. war-torn 3. conurbations 4. extramarital 5. non-repayable
6. ticking-offs 7. cutting-edge 8. gatecrashers 9. in-sessional 10.
overseers
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B. Fill in each blank with the correct form of one suitable word from the list given

colony advantage access evolve settle

establish plant sufficient wild isolate

The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies
was the slow (1) _____ of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they
grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North
America, they started as (2) _____ communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more
than a century.
In the early (3) _____ days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic
Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and the Middle Atlantic states in the USA and in
the lower Saint Lawrence and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets
such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported.
Merchandising (4) _____ were, accordingly, (5) _____ located in port cities which goods could
be readily distributed to interior (6) _____. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw
materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished,
and as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.
This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as (7)
_____, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic
coastline. The local (8) _____ and the economic (9) _____ of the plantations were antagonistic to
the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were
located on navigable streams and each had a wharf (10) _____ to the small shipping of that day. In
fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on
a water highway

KEY:
1. evolution 2. wilderness 3. colonial 4. establishment
5. advantageously 6. settlements 7. plantations 8. isolation
9. self-sufficiency 10. Accessible
 ` Phần phách

PART 3. ERROR IDENTIFICATION

There are 10 mistakes in this passage. Underline and correct them
Overpopulation is an excess of people in related to the resources available to sustain them.
The UN's forecast of population growth suggests which between 1990 and 2025 the world's
population will increase from 5.3 billion to 8.5 billion. Almost all of this increase will occur in the
developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. By the late 1980s, 67 nations with 85 per
cent of the developing world's population officially consider their growth rates too high. The UN
Population Fund now argues that environmental degradation is the gravest immediate threat posed
by over-population, rather to shortages of food, fuel, and minerals as previously thought.
Overpopulation is already contributing to desertification, lost of agricultural productivity through
overuse of land, the destruction of forests and, though the increased burning of fossil fuels, the
greenhouse effect. Already much poor countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, are losing their
ability to feed, shelter, and educate even their present populations, yet these are the very countries
when population growth is expected to be highest. The UN Population Fund believes that only
development can stabilize the world's population and calls for sanitation, education, health care, and
family planning in order that reduce fertility rates. However, the youthful age structure of the
world's population and the opposition of the Roman Catholic Church to family planning, especially
in South America, mean that overpopulation is one of the severest challenges face the planet.

KEY:
Overpopulation is an excess of people in related to the resources available to sustain them.
The UN's forecast of population growth suggests which between 1990 and 2025 the world's
population will increase from 5.3 billion to 8.5 billion. Almost all of this increase will occur in the
developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. By the late 1980s, 67 nations with 85 per
cent of the developing world's population officially consider their growth rates too high. The UN
Population Fund now argues that environmental degradation is the gravest immediate threat posed
by over-population, rather to shortages of food, fuel, and minerals as previously thought.
Overpopulation is already contributing to desertification, lost of agricultural productivity through
overuse of land, the destruction of forests and, though the increased burning of fossil fuels, the
greenhouse effect. Already much poor countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, are losing their
ability to feed, shelter, and educate even their present populations, yet these are the very countries
when population growth is expected to be highest. The UN Population Fund believes that only
development can stabilize the world's population and calls for sanitation, education, health care, and
family planning in order that reduce fertility rates. However, the youthful age structure of the
world's population and the opposition of the Roman Catholic Church to family planning, especially
in South America, mean that overpopulation is one of the severest challenges face the planet.

1. related ® relation 6. though ® through

2. which ® that 7. much ® many
3. consider ® considered 8. when ® where
4. to ® than 9. that ® to
5. lost ® loss 10. face ® facing
PART 4. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
 ` Phần phách

Rewrite each of the sentences with the given word or the given beginning so that the new
sentence has the same meaning as the previous one
1. We should leave about six; otherwise we might not get there in time for the meeting.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………punctually.
2. It was not until five years had elapsed that the whole truth about the murder came out.
Not for another ……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. No matter how much he was criticised, his confidence was not affected.
No ……………………………………………………………………………his confidence.
4. You could be arrested for not giving a breath sample to the police
Refusal ………...……………………………………………………………………………………
5. We only ingratiated ourselves with our teacher because Kate insisted. (CURRIED)
It was ……………………………………………………………………………….. our teacher.
6. I know I don't make clear what I mean sometimes. (EXPRESS)
I know ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The final scene was so horrible I had to turn away. (BEAR)
The final scene ……………………………………………………………………………………
8. It is recommended that you take water with you as wells are few and far between in this area.
(LEST)
Travellers to this area are advised to carry water ………………………………………… ground.
9. Nobody expected it of him but Sam was laid off. (RANKS)
Against ……………………………………………………………………………unemployed.
10. Maldives attracts hordes of tourists to its beach resorts and 24-hour bustling nightlife. (CLOCK)
It ……………………………………………….…………………………………………………to.

KEY:
1. If we don’t set out/ off about six, we might not get there for the meeting punctually.
2. Not for another five years did the whole truth about the murder come out.
3. No amount of criticism affected his confidence.
4. Refusal to give a breath sample to the police can lead to / result in your arrest.
5. It was at Kate’s insistence that we curried favour with our teacher.
6. I know I don’t express myself clearly sometimes.
7. The final scene was too much too bear and/so (I) had to turn away.
8. Travellers to this area are advised to carry water lest well (should) be thin on the ground.
9. Against all expectations, Sam joined the ranks of the unemployed.
10. It is Maldive(’s) beach resorts and round-the –clock bustling nightlife that hordes of tourists are
attracted to