salesanalysis

May 24, 2024

# SALES ANALYSIS with Pandas by Shromana Majumder

Sales analysis is the process of examining and evaluating sales data to gain insights into the perfor-
mance of a company’s products or services. It involves analyzing various aspects of sales, such as
trends, patterns, customer behavior, and performance metrics, to make informed business decisions.
Sales analysis helps companies understand their sales performance, identify areas of strength and
weakness, pinpoint opportunities for growth, and develop strategies to improve sales effectiveness.
Key components of sales analysis typically include:
1. Sales Volume: Examining the quantity of products or services sold over a specific period.
2. Revenue Analysis: Assessing the revenue generated from sales, including total revenue,
revenue by product or service, revenue by customer segment, etc.
3. Sales Trends: Identifying patterns and trends in sales data over time, such as seasonal
fluctuations, cyclical trends, or changes in demand.
4. Customer Analysis: Understanding the demographics, preferences, buying behavior, and
purchasing patterns of customers to target marketing efforts more effectively and improve
customer satisfaction.
5. Product Performance: Evaluating the performance of individual products or product cat-
egories in terms of sales volume, revenue, profitability, and market share.
6. Sales Channels: Analyzing the effectiveness of different sales channels (e.g., direct sales,
online sales, distribution channels) and optimizing their performance.
7. Sales Forecasting: Using historical sales data and predictive analytics to forecast future
sales volumes and revenue.
8. Competitive Analysis: Comparing the company’s sales performance with that of competi-
tors to identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities in the market.
• Store sales and profit analysis help businesses identify areas for improvement and make data-
driven decisions to optimize their operations, pricing, marketing, and inventory management
strategies to drive revenue and growth.

0.1 Pandas
Pandas is a powerful Python library for data manipulation and analysis, and it plays a crucial role
in sales analysis.

1
 1. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing: Pandas provides functions for handling missing data,
removing duplicates, and transforming data. We can use pandas to clean and preprocess sales
data, ensuring that it is accurate and consistent before analysis.
2. Data Manipulation: Pandas offers powerful tools for data manipulation, such as filtering,
sorting, grouping, and aggregating data. We can use pandas to perform calculations, calculate
summary statistics, and reshape data to extract meaningful insights from sales data.
3. Time Series Analysis: Pandas has built-in support for time series data, making it easy to
analyze sales data over time. We can use pandas to resample time series data, calculate rolling
statistics, and perform date/time-based operations to understand sales trends and patterns.
4. Data Visualization Integration: Pandas seamlessly integrates with data visualization
libraries like Matplotlib and Seaborn, allowing to create insightful visualizations of sales
data.
5. Data Merging and Joining: Pandas provides functions for merging and joining multiple
datasets based on common keys or indices. This capability allows to combine sales data with
other relevant datasets, such as customer data or product data, to perform more comprehen-
sive analysis and gain deeper insights into sales performance.

0.2 Case study 1: SuperStore Sales Analysis

0.3 OBJECTIVE
• What is the overall sales trend?
• Sales by Category?
• Sales by Sub-Category?
• Profit Analysis
• Profit analysis by customer segments:
• Which are the Top 10 products by sales?
• Which are the Most Selling Products?
• Which is the most preferred Ship Mode?
• Which are the Most Profitable Category and Sub-Category?

IMPORTING REQUIRED LIBRARIES

[1]: import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
import seaborn as sns

[16]: import plotly.express as px

import plotly.graph_objects as go
import plotly.io as pio
import plotly.colors as colors

2
 pio.templates.default = "plotly_white"

LOADING THE DATASET

[5]: # Read Excel file into a pandas DataFrame
df = pd.read_excel("/content/superstore_sales.xlsx")

# Display the DataFrame

df.head()

[5]: order_id order_date ship_date ship_mode customer_name \

0 AG-2011-2040 2011-01-01 2011-01-06 Standard Class Toby Braunhardt
1 IN-2011-47883 2011-01-01 2011-01-08 Standard Class Joseph Holt
2 HU-2011-1220 2011-01-01 2011-01-05 Second Class Annie Thurman
3 IT-2011-3647632 2011-01-01 2011-01-05 Second Class Eugene Moren
4 IN-2011-47883 2011-01-01 2011-01-08 Standard Class Joseph Holt

segment state country market region … \

0 Consumer Constantine Algeria Africa Africa …
1 Consumer New South Wales Australia APAC Oceania …
2 Consumer Budapest Hungary EMEA EMEA …
3 Home Office Stockholm Sweden EU North …
4 Consumer New South Wales Australia APAC Oceania …

category sub_category product_name sales \

0 Office Supplies Storage Tenex Lockers, Blue 408.300
1 Office Supplies Supplies Acme Trimmer, High Speed 120.366
2 Office Supplies Storage Tenex Box, Single Width 66.120
3 Office Supplies Paper Enermax Note Cards, Premium 44.865
4 Furniture Furnishings Eldon Light Bulb, Duo Pack 113.670

quantity discount profit shipping_cost order_priority year

0 2 0.0 106.140 35.46 Medium 2011
1 3 0.1 36.036 9.72 Medium 2011
2 4 0.0 29.640 8.17 High 2011
3 3 0.5 -26.055 4.82 High 2011
4 5 0.1 37.770 4.70 Medium 2011

[5 rows x 21 columns]

[6]: # Last five rows of the dataset

df.tail()

[6]: order_id order_date ship_date ship_mode customer_name \

51285 CA-2014-115427 2014-12-31 2015-01-04 Standard Class Erica Bern
51286 MO-2014-2560 2014-12-31 2015-01-05 Standard Class Liz Preis
51287 MX-2014-110527 2014-12-31 2015-01-02 Second Class Charlotte Melton

3
 51288 MX-2014-114783 2014-12-31 2015-01-06 Standard Class Tamara Dahlen
51289 CA-2014-156720 2014-12-31 2015-01-04 Standard Class Jill Matthias

segment state country market region … \

51285 Corporate California United States US West …
51286 Consumer Souss-Massa-Draâ Morocco Africa Africa …
51287 Consumer Managua Nicaragua LATAM Central …
51288 Consumer Chihuahua Mexico LATAM North …
51289 Consumer Colorado United States US West …

category sub_category \
51285 Office Supplies Binders
51286 Office Supplies Binders
51287 Office Supplies Labels
51288 Office Supplies Labels
51289 Office Supplies Fasteners

product_name sales quantity \

51285 Cardinal Slant-D Ring Binder, Heavy Gauge Vinyl 13.904 2
51286 Wilson Jones Hole Reinforcements, Clear 3.990 1
51287 Hon Color Coded Labels, 5000 Label Set 26.400 3
51288 Hon Legal Exhibit Labels, Alphabetical 7.120 1
51289 Bagged Rubber Bands 3.024 3

discount profit shipping_cost order_priority year

51285 0.2 4.5188 0.890 Medium 2014
51286 0.0 0.4200 0.490 Medium 2014
51287 0.0 12.3600 0.350 Medium 2014
51288 0.0 0.5600 0.199 Medium 2014
51289 0.2 -0.6048 0.170 Medium 2014

[5 rows x 21 columns]

[7]: # Shape of the dataset

df.shape

[7]: (51290, 21)

[8]: # Columns present in the dataset

df.columns

[8]: Index(['order_id', 'order_date', 'ship_date', 'ship_mode', 'customer_name',

'segment', 'state', 'country', 'market', 'region', 'product_id',
'category', 'sub_category', 'product_name', 'sales', 'quantity',
'discount', 'profit', 'shipping_cost', 'order_priority', 'year'],
dtype='object')

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[9]: # A concise summary of the dataset
df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 51290 entries, 0 to 51289
Data columns (total 21 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 order_id 51290 non-null object
1 order_date 51290 non-null datetime64[ns]
2 ship_date 51290 non-null datetime64[ns]
3 ship_mode 51290 non-null object
4 customer_name 51290 non-null object
5 segment 51290 non-null object
6 state 51290 non-null object
7 country 51290 non-null object
8 market 51290 non-null object
9 region 51290 non-null object
10 product_id 51290 non-null object
11 category 51290 non-null object
12 sub_category 51290 non-null object
13 product_name 51290 non-null object
14 sales 51290 non-null float64
15 quantity 51290 non-null int64
16 discount 51290 non-null float64
17 profit 51290 non-null float64
18 shipping_cost 51290 non-null float64
19 order_priority 51290 non-null object
20 year 51290 non-null int64
dtypes: datetime64[ns](2), float64(4), int64(2), object(13)
memory usage: 8.2+ MB

[10]: # Checking missing values

df.isna().sum()

[10]: order_id 0
order_date 0
ship_date 0
ship_mode 0
customer_name 0
segment 0
state 0
country 0
market 0
region 0
product_id 0
category 0

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 sub_category 0
product_name 0
sales 0
quantity 0
discount 0
profit 0
shipping_cost 0
order_priority 0
year 0
dtype: int64

[11]: # Generating descriptive statistics summary

df.describe().round()

[11]: order_date ship_date sales \

count 51290 51290 51290.0
mean 2013-05-11 21:26:49.155780864 2013-05-15 20:42:42.745174528 246.0
min 2011-01-01 00:00:00 2011-01-03 00:00:00 0.0
25% 2012-06-19 00:00:00 2012-06-23 00:00:00 31.0
50% 2013-07-08 00:00:00 2013-07-12 00:00:00 85.0
75% 2014-05-22 00:00:00 2014-05-26 00:00:00 251.0
max 2014-12-31 00:00:00 2015-01-07 00:00:00 22638.0
std NaN NaN 488.0

quantity discount profit shipping_cost year

count 51290.0 51290.0 51290.0 51290.0 51290.0
mean 3.0 0.0 29.0 26.0 2013.0
min 1.0 0.0 -6600.0 0.0 2011.0
25% 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2012.0
50% 3.0 0.0 9.0 8.0 2013.0
75% 5.0 0.0 37.0 24.0 2014.0
max 14.0 1.0 8400.0 934.0 2014.0
std 2.0 0.0 174.0 57.0 1.0

0.4 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS

1. WHAT IS THE OVERALL SALES TREND?
[12]: # Getting month year from order_date
df['month_year'] = df['order_date'].apply(lambda x: x.strftime('%Y-%m'))

[13]: print(df['month_year'].unique())
print(df['month_year'].dtype)

['2011-01' '2011-02' '2011-03' '2011-04' '2011-05' '2011-06' '2011-07'

'2011-08' '2011-09' '2011-10' '2011-11' '2011-12' '2012-01' '2012-02'
'2012-03' '2012-04' '2012-05' '2012-06' '2012-07' '2012-08' '2012-09'
'2012-10' '2012-11' '2012-12' '2013-01' '2013-02' '2013-03' '2013-04'

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 '2013-05' '2013-06' '2013-07' '2013-08' '2013-09' '2013-10' '2013-11'
'2013-12' '2014-01' '2014-02' '2014-03' '2014-04' '2014-05' '2014-06'
'2014-07' '2014-08' '2014-09' '2014-10' '2014-11' '2014-12']
object

[14]: # Group by 'month_year' and sum 'sales'

df_temp = df.groupby('month_year')['sales'].sum().reset_index()

[15]: # Setting the figure size

plt.figure(figsize=(16, 5))
plt.plot(df_temp['month_year'], df_temp['sales'], color='#b80045')
plt.xticks(rotation='vertical', size=8)
plt.show()

• Highest Sales in the month of November in 2014

2. SALES BY CATEGORY
[17]: df.columns

[17]: Index(['order_id', 'order_date', 'ship_date', 'ship_mode', 'customer_name',

'segment', 'state', 'country', 'market', 'region', 'product_id',
'category', 'sub_category', 'product_name', 'sales', 'quantity',
'discount', 'profit', 'shipping_cost', 'order_priority', 'year',
'month_year'],
dtype='object')

[19]: sales_by_category = df.groupby('category')['sales'].sum().reset_index()

fig = px.pie(sales_by_category,
values='sales',
names='category',
hole=0.5,

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 color_discrete_sequence=px.colors.qualitative.Pastel)

fig.update_traces(textposition='inside', textinfo='percent+label')
fig.update_layout(title_text='Sales Analysis by Category',␣
↪title_font=dict(size=24))

fig.show()

• Technology has highest sale.

3. SALES BY SUB CATEGORY
[20]: sales_by_subcategory = df.groupby('sub_category')['sales'].sum().reset_index()
fig = px.bar(sales_by_subcategory,
x='sub_category',
y='sales',
title='Sales Analysis by Sub-Category')
fig.show()

• Phones has highest sales

4. MONTHLY PROFITS
[22]: profit_by_month = df.groupby('month_year')['profit'].sum().reset_index()
fig = px.line(profit_by_month, x='month_year', y='profit', title='Monthly␣
↪Profit Analysis')

fig.show()

5. PROFIT BY CATEGORY
[23]: profit_by_category = df.groupby('category')['profit'].sum().reset_index()

fig = px.pie(profit_by_category,
values='profit',
names='category',
hole=0.5,
color_discrete_sequence=px.colors.qualitative.Pastel)

fig.update_traces(textposition='inside', textinfo='percent+label')
fig.update_layout(title_text='Profit Analysis by Category',␣
↪title_font=dict(size=24))

fig.show()

• Technology has highest profit.

6. PROFIT BY SUB-CATEGORY
[25]: profit_by_subcategory = df.groupby('sub_category')['profit'].sum().reset_index()
fig = px.bar(profit_by_subcategory, x='sub_category',

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 y='profit',
title='Profit Analysis by Sub-Category')
fig.show()

• Copiers has highest profit.

7. PROFIT ANALYSIS BY CUSTOMER SEGMENTS
[26]: sales_profit_by_segment = df.groupby('segment').agg({'sales': 'sum', 'profit':␣
↪'sum'}).reset_index()

color_palette = colors.qualitative.Pastel

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=sales_profit_by_segment['segment'],
y=sales_profit_by_segment['sales'],
name='Sales',
marker_color=color_palette[0]))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=sales_profit_by_segment['segment'],
y=sales_profit_by_segment['profit'],
name='Profit',
marker_color=color_palette[1]))

fig.update_layout(title='Sales and Profit Analysis by Customer Segment',

xaxis_title='Customer Segment', yaxis_title='Amount')

fig.show()

8. SALES TO PROFIT RATIO

[28]: sales_profit_by_segment = df.groupby('segment').agg({'sales': 'sum', 'profit':␣
↪'sum'}).reset_index()

sales_profit_by_segment['Sales_to_Profit_Ratio'] =␣
↪sales_profit_by_segment['sales'] / sales_profit_by_segment['profit']

print(sales_profit_by_segment[['segment', 'Sales_to_Profit_Ratio']])

segment Sales_to_Profit_Ratio
0 Consumer 8.686070
1 Corporate 8.637804
2 Home Office 8.338550
• The store has higher profits from the product sales for consumers.
9. WHICH ARE THE TOP 10 PRODUCTS BY SALES?
[29]: # Grouping products by sales
prod_sales = pd.DataFrame(df.groupby('product_name')['sales'].sum())

# Sorting the dataframe in descending order

prod_sales.sort_values(by=['sales'], inplace=True, ascending=False)

9
 # Top 10 products by sales
prod_sales[:10]

[29]: sales
product_name
Apple Smart Phone, Full Size 86935.7786
Cisco Smart Phone, Full Size 76441.5306
Motorola Smart Phone, Full Size 73156.3030
Nokia Smart Phone, Full Size 71904.5555
Canon imageCLASS 2200 Advanced Copier 61599.8240
Hon Executive Leather Armchair, Adjustable 58193.4841
Office Star Executive Leather Armchair, Adjustable 50661.6840
Harbour Creations Executive Leather Armchair, A… 50121.5160
Samsung Smart Phone, Cordless 48653.4600
Nokia Smart Phone, with Caller ID 47877.7857

• Apple smart phone is the top product by sale.

10. WHICH ARE THE MOST SELLING PRODUCTS?
[30]: # Grouping products by Quantity
best_selling_prods = pd.DataFrame(df.groupby('product_name')['quantity'].sum())

# Sorting the dataframe in descending order

best_selling_prods.sort_values(by=['quantity'], inplace=True, ascending=False)

# Most selling products

best_selling_prods[:10]

[30]: quantity
product_name
Staples 876
Cardinal Index Tab, Clear 337
Eldon File Cart, Single Width 321
Rogers File Cart, Single Width 262
Sanford Pencil Sharpener, Water Color 259
Stockwell Paper Clips, Assorted Sizes 253
Avery Index Tab, Clear 252
Ibico Index Tab, Clear 251
Smead File Cart, Single Width 250
Stanley Pencil Sharpener, Water Color 242

• Staples is the best selling product.

11. WHAT IS THE MOST PREFERRED SHIP MODE?
[ ]: # Setting the figure size
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))

10
 # countplot: Show the counts of observations in each categorical bin using bars
sns.countplot(x='ship_mode', data=df)

# Display the figure

plt.show()

• standard class is the most preferred ship mode.

12. WHICH ARE THE MOST PROFITABLE CATEGORY AND SUB-CATEGORY?
[31]: # Grouping products by Category and Sub-Category
cat_subcat = pd.DataFrame(df.groupby(['category', 'sub_category'])['profit'].
↪sum())

# Sorting the values

cat_subcat.sort_values(['category','profit'], ascending=False)

[31]: profit
category sub_category

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 Technology Copiers 258567.54818
Phones 216717.00580
Accessories 129626.30620
Machines 58867.87300
Office Supplies Appliances 141680.58940
Storage 108461.48980
Binders 72449.84600
Paper 59207.68270
Art 57953.91090
Envelopes 29601.11630
Supplies 22583.26310
Labels 15010.51200
Fasteners 11525.42410
Furniture Bookcases 161924.41950
Chairs 141973.79750
Furnishings 46967.42550
Tables -64083.38870

• Technology and copiers

0.5 Case Study 2: To analyze and answer business questions about 12 months
worth of sales data.
The data contains hundreds of thousands of electronics store purchases broken down by month,
product type, cost, purchase address, etc.
[35]: try:
# Attempt to read CSV file into a pandas DataFrame
all_data = pd.read_csv("/content/all_data.csv", encoding='utf-8')
print("CSV file successfully loaded.")
except Exception as e:
print("An error occurred while reading the CSV file:", e)
# Handle the error, or provide appropriate feedback to the user

CSV file successfully loaded.

[36]: all_data.head()

[36]: Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each \

0 176558 USB-C Charging Cable 2 11.95
1 NaN NaN NaN NaN
2 176559 Bose SoundSport Headphones 1 99.99
3 176560 Google Phone 1 600
4 176560 Wired Headphones 1 11.99

Order Date Purchase Address

0 04/19/19 08:46 917 1st St, Dallas, TX 75001
1 NaN NaN

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 2 04/07/19 22:30 682 Chestnut St, Boston, MA 02215
3 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001
4 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001

0.6 Drop rows of NAN

[37]: # Find NAN
nan_df = all_data[all_data.isna().any(axis=1)]
display(nan_df.head())

Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each Order Date Purchase Address
1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
356 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
735 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1433 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1553 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN

[38]: all_data = all_data.dropna()

all_data.head()

[38]: Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each \

0 176558 USB-C Charging Cable 2 11.95
2 176559 Bose SoundSport Headphones 1 99.99
3 176560 Google Phone 1 600
4 176560 Wired Headphones 1 11.99
5 176561 Wired Headphones 1 11.99

Order Date Purchase Address

0 04/19/19 08:46 917 1st St, Dallas, TX 75001
2 04/07/19 22:30 682 Chestnut St, Boston, MA 02215
3 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001
4 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001
5 04/30/19 09:27 333 8th St, Los Angeles, CA 90001

[39]: all_data = all_data[all_data['Order Date'].str[0:2]!='Or']

Make columns correct type

[40]: all_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 185950 entries, 0 to 186849
Data columns (total 6 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Order ID 185950 non-null object
1 Product 185950 non-null object

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 2 Quantity Ordered 185950 non-null object
3 Price Each 185950 non-null object
4 Order Date 185950 non-null object
5 Purchase Address 185950 non-null object
dtypes: object(6)
memory usage: 9.9+ MB

[41]: all_data.shape

[41]: (185950, 6)

[42]: all_data.describe()

[42]: Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each \

count 185950 185950 185950 185950
unique 178437 19 9 23
top 160873 USB-C Charging Cable 1 11.95
freq 5 21903 168552 21903

Order Date Purchase Address

count 185950 185950
unique 142395 140787
top 12/15/19 20:16 193 Forest St, San Francisco, CA 94016
freq 8 9

[43]: all_data['Quantity Ordered'] = pd.to_numeric(all_data['Quantity Ordered'])

all_data['Price Each'] = pd.to_numeric(all_data['Price Each'])

Add month column

[44]: all_data['Month'] = all_data['Order Date'].str[0:2]
all_data['Month'] = all_data['Month'].astype('int32')
all_data.head()

[44]: Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each \

0 176558 USB-C Charging Cable 2 11.95
2 176559 Bose SoundSport Headphones 1 99.99
3 176560 Google Phone 1 600.00
4 176560 Wired Headphones 1 11.99
5 176561 Wired Headphones 1 11.99

Order Date Purchase Address Month

0 04/19/19 08:46 917 1st St, Dallas, TX 75001 4
2 04/07/19 22:30 682 Chestnut St, Boston, MA 02215 4
3 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4
4 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4
5 04/30/19 09:27 333 8th St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4

14
[45]: all_data['Month'] = pd.to_datetime(all_data['Order Date']).dt.month
all_data.head()

<ipython-input-45-9ae23976486e>:1: UserWarning:

Could not infer format, so each element will be parsed individually, falling
back to `dateutil`. To ensure parsing is consistent and as-expected, please
specify a format.

[45]: Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each \

0 176558 USB-C Charging Cable 2 11.95
2 176559 Bose SoundSport Headphones 1 99.99
3 176560 Google Phone 1 600.00
4 176560 Wired Headphones 1 11.99
5 176561 Wired Headphones 1 11.99

Order Date Purchase Address Month

0 04/19/19 08:46 917 1st St, Dallas, TX 75001 4
2 04/07/19 22:30 682 Chestnut St, Boston, MA 02215 4
3 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4
4 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4
5 04/30/19 09:27 333 8th St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4

Add city column

[48]: def get_city(address):
return address.split(",")[1].strip(" ")

def get_state(address):
return address.split(",")[2].split(" ")[1]

all_data['City'] = all_data['Purchase Address'].apply(lambda x: f"{get_city(x)}␣

↪ ({get_state(x)})")

all_data.head()

[48]: Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each \

0 176558 USB-C Charging Cable 2 11.95
2 176559 Bose SoundSport Headphones 1 99.99
3 176560 Google Phone 1 600.00
4 176560 Wired Headphones 1 11.99
5 176561 Wired Headphones 1 11.99

Order Date Purchase Address Month \

0 04/19/19 08:46 917 1st St, Dallas, TX 75001 4
2 04/07/19 22:30 682 Chestnut St, Boston, MA 02215 4
3 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4

15
 4 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4
5 04/30/19 09:27 333 8th St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4

City
0 Dallas (TX)
2 Boston (MA)
3 Los Angeles (CA)
4 Los Angeles (CA)
5 Los Angeles (CA)

Question 1: What was the best month for sales? How much was earned that month?
[49]: # Perform the calculation
all_data['Sales'] = all_data['Quantity Ordered'].astype('int') *␣
↪all_data['Price Each'].astype('float')

[50]: # Group by 'Month' and sum the numeric columns

monthly_sales = all_data.groupby('Month').agg({'Quantity Ordered': 'sum',␣
↪'Price Each': 'sum', 'Sales': 'sum'})

[51]: monthly_sales.head()

[51]: Quantity Ordered Price Each Sales

Month
1 10903 1811768.38 1822256.73
2 13449 2188884.72 2202022.42
3 17005 2791207.83 2807100.38
4 20558 3367671.02 3390670.24
5 18667 3135125.13 3152606.75

[53]: months = range(1,13)

plt.bar(months,all_data.groupby(['Month'])['Sales'].sum())
plt.xticks(months)
plt.ylabel('Sales in USD ($)')
plt.xlabel('Month number')
plt.title('Monthly Sales')
plt.show()

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 • Month 12 (December) is the highest sales in 2019 with approximately $4,810,000.
Question 2: What city sold the most product?
[54]: city_sales = all_data.groupby('City').agg({'Quantity Ordered': 'sum', 'Price␣
↪Each': 'sum', 'Sales': 'sum'})

city_sales.head()

[54]: Quantity Ordered Price Each Sales

City
Atlanta (GA) 16602 2779908.20 2795498.58
Austin (TX) 11153 1809873.61 1819581.75
Boston (MA) 22528 3637409.77 3661642.01
Dallas (TX) 16730 2752627.82 2767975.40
Los Angeles (CA) 33289 5421435.23 5452570.80

[56]: # Calculate monthly sales

city_sales = all_data.groupby('City')['Sales'].sum()

# Plotting
plt.bar(city_sales.index, city_sales.values)

17
 plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.ylabel('Sales in USD ($)')
plt.xlabel('City')
plt.title('Total Sales by City')
plt.show()

• San Francisco has highest sales.

Question 3: What time should we display advertisements to maximize likelihood of customer’s
buying product?
[57]: # Add hour column
all_data['Hour'] = pd.to_datetime(all_data['Order Date']).dt.hour
all_data['Minute'] = pd.to_datetime(all_data['Order Date']).dt.minute

18
 all_data['Count'] = 1
all_data.head()

<ipython-input-57-3f3d5aef9003>:2: UserWarning:

Could not infer format, so each element will be parsed individually, falling
back to `dateutil`. To ensure parsing is consistent and as-expected, please
specify a format.

<ipython-input-57-3f3d5aef9003>:3: UserWarning:

Could not infer format, so each element will be parsed individually, falling
back to `dateutil`. To ensure parsing is consistent and as-expected, please
specify a format.

[57]: Order ID Product Quantity Ordered Price Each \

0 176558 USB-C Charging Cable 2 11.95
2 176559 Bose SoundSport Headphones 1 99.99
3 176560 Google Phone 1 600.00
4 176560 Wired Headphones 1 11.99
5 176561 Wired Headphones 1 11.99

Order Date Purchase Address Month \

0 04/19/19 08:46 917 1st St, Dallas, TX 75001 4
2 04/07/19 22:30 682 Chestnut St, Boston, MA 02215 4
3 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4
4 04/12/19 14:38 669 Spruce St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4
5 04/30/19 09:27 333 8th St, Los Angeles, CA 90001 4

City Sales Hour Minute Count

0 Dallas (TX) 23.90 8 46 1
2 Boston (MA) 99.99 22 30 1
3 Los Angeles (CA) 600.00 14 38 1
4 Los Angeles (CA) 11.99 14 38 1
5 Los Angeles (CA) 11.99 9 27 1

[59]: keys = [pair for pair, df in all_data.groupby(['Hour'])]

plt.plot(keys, all_data.groupby(['Hour']).count()['Count'])
plt.grid()
plt.show()

19
 There are approximately 2 peaks at the data. They are 12 (12 PM) and 19 (7 PM). It makes sense
since most people shop during the day. From this data, It can suggest to advertise their product
right before 12 PM and/or 7 PM. It could be 11.30 AM and/or 6.30 PM.
Question 4: What products are most often sold together?
[60]: df = all_data[all_data['Order ID'].duplicated(keep=False)]

[61]: df['Grouped'] = df.groupby('Order ID')['Product'].transform(lambda x: ','.

↪join(x))

df2 = df[['Order ID', 'Grouped']].drop_duplicates()

<ipython-input-61-91e38189159a>:1: SettingWithCopyWarning:

A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.

Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead

See the caveats in the documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-

docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#returning-a-view-versus-a-copy

20
[62]: from itertools import combinations
from collections import Counter

count = Counter()

for row in df2['Grouped']:

row_list = row.split(',')
count.update(Counter(combinations(row_list, 2)))

for key,value in count.most_common(10):

print(key, value)

('iPhone', 'Lightning Charging Cable') 1005

('Google Phone', 'USB-C Charging Cable') 987
('iPhone', 'Wired Headphones') 447
('Google Phone', 'Wired Headphones') 414
('Vareebadd Phone', 'USB-C Charging Cable') 361
('iPhone', 'Apple Airpods Headphones') 360
('Google Phone', 'Bose SoundSport Headphones') 220
('USB-C Charging Cable', 'Wired Headphones') 160
('Vareebadd Phone', 'Wired Headphones') 143
('Lightning Charging Cable', 'Wired Headphones') 92
• The most often products sold together are iPhone and Lightning Charging Cable with 1005
transactions.
Question 5: What product sold the most?
[63]: product_group = all_data.groupby('Product')
quantity_ordered = product_group.sum()['Quantity Ordered']

keys = [pair for pair, df in product_group]

plt.bar(keys, quantity_ordered)
plt.xticks(keys, rotation='vertical', size=8)
plt.show()

21
 • AAA batteries sold the most.

0.7 Case Study 3 :

Create a report for an upcoming board meeting. Go through and analyze the sales data from
2015-2017 in order to generate the requested report. The report should capture the following;
• Revenue by region
• Revenue by sales Rep
• Revenue by products
• Sales trend
• Yearly changes in revenue
[64]: # Import data using pandas
df = pd.read_csv('/content/sales-data.csv')

22
[65]: df.head()

[65]: Date SalesRep Region Product Color Units Revenue

0 2015-11-06 Julie East Sunshine Blue 4 78.8
1 2015-11-07 Adam West Bellen Clear 4 123.0
2 2015-11-07 Julie East Aspen Clear 1 26.0
3 2015-11-07 Nabil South Quad Clear 2 69.0
4 2015-11-07 Julie South Aspen Blue 2 51.0

[70]: df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 9971 entries, 0 to 9970
Data columns (total 7 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Date 9971 non-null object
1 SalesRep 9971 non-null object
2 Region 9971 non-null object
3 Product 9971 non-null object
4 Color 9971 non-null object
5 Units 9971 non-null int64
6 Revenue 9971 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(1), int64(1), object(5)
memory usage: 545.4+ KB

[66]: df.describe()

[66]: Units Revenue

count 9971.000000 9971.000000
mean 3.388828 91.181513
std 4.320759 120.894473
min 1.000000 21.000000
25% 2.000000 42.900000
50% 2.000000 60.000000
75% 3.000000 76.500000
max 25.000000 1901.750000

There was a total of 9,971 sales entries between 2015-2017 Units:

• The minimum number of units sold between 2015-2017 was 1
• The maximum number of units sold between 2015-2017 was 25
• The average number of units sold between 2015-2017 was aproximately 3
Revenue:
• The least revenue generated between 2015-2017 was 21
• The most revenue between 2015-2017 was approximately 1902

23
[71]: # Check missing entry
df.isna().sum()

[71]: Date 0
SalesRep 0
Region 0
Product 0
Color 0
Units 0
Revenue 0
dtype: int64

1. Revenue Analysis
[67]: df['Revenue'].value_counts().hist(bins=50);

Most items were sold between 21 - 70.

2. Units Analysis
[68]: df['Units'].hist(bins=50);

24
 3. What’s the total revenue generated between 2015-2017?
[69]: round(df['Revenue'].sum())

[69]: 909171

4. Revenue by Region
[72]: region_revenue = pd.DataFrame(df.groupby(by=['Region'])['Revenue'].sum())
region_revenue.sort_values(ascending=False, by='Revenue')

[72]: Revenue
Region
West 408037.58
South 263256.50
East 237876.79

[73]: region_revenue.plot(kind='bar', ylabel='Revenue', title='Region revenue␣

↪impact');

25
 • West Region generated the most revenue
5. Revenue by sales Rep
[74]: sales_rep_revenue = df.groupby(by=['SalesRep'])['Revenue'].sum()
sales_rep_revenue = pd.DataFrame(sales_rep_revenue).sort_values(ascending=True,␣
↪by='Revenue')

sales_rep_revenue

[74]: Revenue
SalesRep
Nicole 92026.68
Adam 102715.60
Jessica 145496.28
Nabil 158904.48
Julie 204450.05
Mike 205577.78

[75]: sales_rep_revenue.plot(kind='bar', ylabel='Revenue', title='SalesRep revenue␣

↪impact');

26
 • Mike Slightly beat Julie in revenue generation
6. Revenue by Products
[76]: product_revenue = df[['Units', 'Revenue','Product']].groupby('Product').sum().
↪sort_values(ascending=False,by='Units')

product_revenue

[76]: Units Revenue

Product
Bellen 6579 168175.05
Quad 6223 194032.15
Sunbell 4500 114283.09
Carlota 4371 101272.05
Aspen 4242 96382.80
Sunshine 4229 85983.80
Doublers 3646 149041.93

27
[77]: product_revenue.groupby(by=['Product'])['Revenue'].sum().
↪sort_values(ascending=True).plot(

␣
↪ kind='bar',ylabel='Revenue',title='Product Revenue');

• Quad has highest Revenue.

7. Sales Trend
[78]: # Convert the date column to a datetime object
df['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Date'])
df['Year'] = df['Date'].dt.year
df['Month'] = df['Date'].dt.month
df['Day'] = df['Date'].dt.day

Plot Yearly Sales Trend

[79]: years = [unique for unique in df.Year.unique()]
years

28
[79]: [2015, 2016, 2017]

[80]: def plot_trend(years:list, df):

for year in years:
new_df = df[df['Year'] == year]
new_df.groupby('Date')['Revenue'].sum().plot(linewidth=1.2,
ylabel='Revenue',
xlabel='Date',
title='Sales Trend');

[81]: import matplotlib.patches as patches

year1 = patches.Patch(color='blue', label='2015')

year2 = patches.Patch(color='green', label='2016')
year3 = patches.Patch(color='red', label='2017')
plot_trend(years, df)
plt.legend(handles=[year1,year2,year3], loc=2);

The trend plot looks symmetrical for the months of October in 2017 and 2018 respectively.

29
 Monthly Sales Trend
[82]: ax = df[['Month', 'Units', 'Revenue']].groupby('Month').sum().plot(
title='Monthly␣
↪Sales Trend',

␣
↪ylabel='Revenue',

);
ax.vlines(10,1,300000, linestyles='dashed')
ax.annotate('Oct',(10,0));

8. How many times was entry made in each month?

[ ]: df['Month'].value_counts().sort_values().plot(kind='bar', xlabel='Month',␣
↪ylabel='Number of Entries', title='Monthly Entries');

30
 • Highest Entry in October.
9. Monthly Sales
[83]: products = pd.DataFrame(df[['Units','Revenue','Product','Month', 'Region']].
↪groupby('Month')['Product'].value_counts())

products

[83]: count
Month Product
1 Bellen 52
Quad 46
Sunbell 34
Sunshine 33
Aspen 33
… …
12 Sunbell 43
Aspen 41
Sunshine 36
Carlota 35
Doublers 32

[84 rows x 1 columns]

[84]: products['No_of_products'] = products['count']

products = products.reset_index()

[85]: products.drop('count', inplace=True, axis=1)

products

31
[85]: Month Product No_of_products
0 1 Bellen 52
1 1 Quad 46
2 1 Sunbell 34
3 1 Sunshine 33
4 1 Aspen 33
.. … … …
79 12 Sunbell 43
80 12 Aspen 41
81 12 Sunshine 36
82 12 Carlota 35
83 12 Doublers 32

[84 rows x 3 columns]

[87]: products = products.pivot_table(values=['No_of_products'], index=['Month'],␣

↪columns=['Product'], aggfunc= np.sum)

products

[87]: No_of_products
Product Aspen Bellen Carlota Doublers Quad Sunbell Sunshine
Month
1 33 52 30 29 46 34 33
2 26 45 29 25 45 35 26
3 49 55 46 34 77 35 39
4 31 37 35 27 50 43 25
5 33 52 36 30 51 37 31
6 37 53 23 21 52 30 36
7 38 60 37 25 55 46 42
8 34 54 26 35 51 35 35
9 380 596 399 311 560 397 404
10 476 735 439 333 697 491 460
11 119 154 118 77 142 108 103
12 41 55 35 32 64 43 36

[88]: products.plot(ylabel='No of Products sold', title='Monthly product sales');

32
 10. Region Monthly Revenue
[89]: region_sales = pd.DataFrame(df[['Units','Revenue','Product','Month',␣
↪'Region']]).groupby(['Month','Region'])['Revenue'].sum()

region_sales = pd.DataFrame(region_sales)
region_sales

[89]: Revenue
Month Region
1 East 5012.34
South 7551.55
West 8550.33
2 East 6428.75
South 5540.10
West 10864.87
3 East 6082.75
South 8863.80
West 14087.99
4 East 6420.63
South 7647.28

33
 West 8865.57
5 East 8782.68
South 5651.30
West 10962.00
6 East 6442.85
South 3954.90
West 9020.65
7 East 7180.45
South 10155.59
West 10150.25
8 East 6031.55
South 7767.60
West 11567.37
9 East 70532.44
South 83228.39
West 127160.06
10 East 87858.60
South 92034.70
West 151780.43
11 East 19478.10
South 24048.59
West 33196.52
12 East 7625.65
South 6812.70
West 11831.54

[90]: region_sales = region_sales.reset_index()

region_sales = region_sales.pivot_table(values=['Revenue'], index=['Month'],␣
↪columns=['Region'], aggfunc= np.sum)

region_sales

[90]: Revenue
Region East South West
Month
1 5012.34 7551.55 8550.33
2 6428.75 5540.10 10864.87
3 6082.75 8863.80 14087.99
4 6420.63 7647.28 8865.57
5 8782.68 5651.30 10962.00
6 6442.85 3954.90 9020.65
7 7180.45 10155.59 10150.25
8 6031.55 7767.60 11567.37
9 70532.44 83228.39 127160.06
10 87858.60 92034.70 151780.43
11 19478.10 24048.59 33196.52
12 7625.65 6812.70 11831.54

34
[91]: region_sales.plot(kind='bar', ylabel='Revenue', title='Region Monthly Revenue');

11. Yearly changes in revenue

[92]: changes = pd.DataFrame(df.groupby([df.Date.dt.year])['Revenue'].sum())
changes

[92]: Revenue
Date
2015 24883.84
2016 444701.72
2017 439585.31

[93]: changes.sort_values('Date').plot(kind='bar');

35
 12. Top 3 products
[94]: product_revenue

[94]: Units Revenue

Product
Bellen 6579 168175.05
Quad 6223 194032.15
Sunbell 4500 114283.09
Carlota 4371 101272.05
Aspen 4242 96382.80
Sunshine 4229 85983.80
Doublers 3646 149041.93

Bellen, Quad and Sunbell

13. The most productive sales Rep in the respective years.
[95]: salesReps = df[['SalesRep','Year','Revenue','Units']]
salesReps = pd.DataFrame(salesReps.groupby(['Year','SalesRep'])['Revenue'].
↪sum())

36
 salesReps.sort_values(by=['Year','Revenue'], ascending=False)

[95]: Revenue
Year SalesRep
2017 Julie 99727.32
Mike 96062.19
Nabil 81079.23
Jessica 69479.74
Adam 49712.19
Nicole 43524.64
2016 Mike 104590.64
Julie 98895.58
Nabil 74576.22
Jessica 71469.42
Adam 49184.21
Nicole 45985.65
2015 Julie 5827.15
Mike 4924.95
Jessica 4547.12
Adam 3819.20
Nabil 3249.03
Nicole 2516.39

Recommendation:
• The best months for sales are September, October and November.
• The company should look into creating jingles during these periods to further maximize profit.
• Focus the ad targeted audience on East and South Regions.
• Bellen and Quad sell most during these periods consider getting more of them.

37