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Floating Point Arithmetic Example

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18 views4 pages

Floating Point Arithmetic Example

Uploaded by

Mithil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Floating Point Addition

Add the following two decimal numbers in scientific notation:


8.70 × 10-1 with 9.95 × 101

1. Rewrite the smaller number such that its exponent matches with the
exponent of the larger number.
8.70 × 10-1 = 0.087 × 101

2. Add the mantissas

9.95 + 0.087 = 10.037 and write the sum 10.037 × 101

3. Put the result in Normalised Form

10.037 × 101 = 1.0037 × 102 (shift mantissa, adjust exponent)

check for overflow/underflow of the exponent after normalisation

4. Round the result

If the mantissa does not fit in the space reserved for it, it has to be
rounded off.

For Example: If only 4 digits are allowed for mantissa


1.0037 × 102 ===> 1.004 × 102

(only have a hidden bit with binary floating point numbers)

Example addition in binary

Perform 0.5 + (-0.4375)

0.5 = 0.1 × 20 = 1.000 × 2-1 (normalised)

-0.4375 = -0.0111 × 20 = -1.110 × 2-2 (normalised)

1. Rewrite the smaller number such that its exponent matches with the
exponent of the larger number.
-1.110 × 2-2 = -0.1110 × 2-1

2. Add the mantissas:


1.000 × 2-1 + -0.1110 × 2-1 = 0.001 × 2-1

3. Normalise the sum, checking for overflow/underflow:


0.001 × 2-1 = 1.000 × 2-4

-126 <= -4 <= 127 ===> No overflow or underflow

4. Round the sum:

The sum fits in 4 bits so rounding is not required

Check: 1.000 × 2-4 = 0.0625 which is equal to 0.5 - 0.4375

Correct!

Floating Point Multiplication

Multiply the following two numbers in scientific notation by hand:


1.110 × 1010 × 9.200 × 10-5

1. Add the exponents to find

New Exponent = 10 + (-5) = 5

If we add biased exponents, bias will be added twice. Therefore we need to subtract it
once to compensate:

(10 + 127) + (-5 + 127) = 259

259 - 127 = 132 which is (5 + 127) = biased new exponent

2. Multiply the mantissas


1.110 × 9.200 = 10.212000

Can only keep three digits to the right of the decimal point, so the result
is
10.212 × 105

3. Normalise the result


1.0212 × 106

4. Round it
1.021 × 106

Example multiplication in binary:


1.000 × 2-1 × -1.110 × 2-2

1. Add the biased exponents


(-1 + 127) + (-2 + 127) - 127 = 124 ===> (-3 + 127)

2. Multiply the mantissas


1.000
× 1.110
-----------
0000
1000
1000
+ 1000
-----------
1110000 ===> 1.110000
The product is 1.110000 × 2-3
Need to keep it to 4 bits 1.110 × 2-3

3. Normalise (already normalised)

At this step check for overflow/underflow by making sure that

-126 <= Exponent <= 127

1 <= Biased Exponent <= 254

4. Round the result (no change)


5. Adjust the sign.

Since the original signs are different, the result will be negative
-1.110 × 2-3

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