ABSTRACT

The project about organic farming has done by the team members in R K V B PETA village in
KARVETINAGARAM MANDAL on the period of 5 weeks.
We came to know about the organic farming and discussed with people in the village and we came to
understand that in the ancient time, agriculture was practiced without the use of artificial chemicals such
as fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides came into the picture during the mid-19 century. This kind of
agriculture practice was causing harm to the environment with the rapid change in farming practices.
According to this message, we met to the farmers and discussed about how to cultivate organic farming
by using natural resources and when the farming came into the existence in the 20th century. It made use
of environment friendly practice by avoiding the use of artificial chemicals and making use of organic
farming keeps the environment clean.

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 CHAPTER 1:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The community service report shall have only a one-page executive summary. It shall include a brief
description of the Community and summary of all the activities done by the student in CSP and five or
more learning objectives and outcomes.

ORGANIC FARMING
Organic farming in India is an agricultural process, uses pest control derived from organic manure and
animal or plant waste. This farming started to respond to the environmental suffering caused by chemical
pesticides and synthetic fertilizers. It is a new system of agriculture that repairs, maintains, and improves
the ecological balance. Organic farming uses organic inputs, green manures, cow dung, etc.

Need of organic farming

• Excessive use of chemical fertilisers reduces the fertility of soil.
• Excessive use of chemicals has led to soil, water, and air pollution.
• To conserve ecosystem.
• To promote sustainable development.  Inexpensive farming.
• Increased demand of organic products due to safety of food.

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 CHAPTER 2:
OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY

• About the Community/Village/Habitation including historical profile of the community/habitation,

community diversity, traditions, ethics and values.
• Brief note on Socio-Economic conditions of the Community/Habitation.

Organic farming system is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at sustainable agricultural
production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment and being followed from ancient time in India.
Organic Production system, keep the environment and ecology alive and in good health by use of natural
resources to harness desired agricultural production for human consumption. In Organic production,
environment focus is on using naturally available resources as inputs, such as organic wastes (crop,
animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes
(biofertilizers/ bio control agents) to release nutrients to crops and protect them from insect pest and
diseases for increased agricultural production.

PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

• Principle of health: Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil,
plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. In view of this it should avoid the
use of fertilizers, pesticides, animal drugs and food additives that may have adverse health
effects.

• Principle of ecology: Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological

systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them. Those who
produce, process, trade, or consume organic products should protect and benefit the
common environment including landscapes, climate, habitats, biodiversity, air and water.

• Principle of fairness: Organic Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure

fairness regarding the common environment and life opportunities. Fairness requires
systems of production, distribution and trade that are open and equitable and account for
real environmental and social costs.

• Principle of care: Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and

responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations
and the environment. Decisions should reflect the values and needs of all who might be
affected, through transparent and participatory processes.

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 CHAPTER 3:
COMMUNITY SERVICE PART
Description of the Activities undertaken in the Community during the Community Service Project. This
part could end by reflecting on what kind of values, life skills, and technical skills the student acquired.

OBJECTIVES OF ORGANIC FARMING

• To produce food of high nutritional quality in sufficient quantity.

• To work with natural system rather than seeking to dominate them.
• To encourage and enhance biological cycles within farming system-involving
microorganisms, soil flora and fauna, plants, and animals.
• To maintain and increase long term fertility of soil.
• To use, as far as possible, the renewable resources. To work as much as possible, within a
closed system, regarding organic matter and nutrient elements.
• To give all livestock’s, conditions of life that allow them to perform all aspects of their innate
behaviour.
• To avoid all forms of pollution that may result from agricultural techniques.
• To maintain the genetic diversity of agricultural system and its surroundings, including the
plants and wildlife habitats.
• To allow agricultural producers an adequate returns and satisfaction from their work
including safe drinking water.

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 CHAPTER 4:
OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

Details of the Socio-Economic Survey of the Village/Habitation. Attach the

questionnaire prepared for the survey.

Status of Organic Farming in India: Production, Popularity, and Economic Growth

Organic food and farming have continued to grow across the world. Since 1985, the total area of farmland
under organic production has been increased steadily over the last three decades (willer and lernoud,
2019). By 2017, there was a total of 69.8 million hectares of organically managed land recorded globally
which represents a 20% growth or 11.7 million hectares of land in comparison to the year 2016. This is
the largest growth ever recorded in organic farming. The countries with the largest areas of organic
agricultural land recorded in the year 2017 are given. Australia has the largest organic lands with an area
of 35.65 million hectares and India acquired the eighth position with a total organic agriculture area of
1.78 million hectares.

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The growth of organic farming in India was quite dawdling with only 41 000 hectares of organic land
comprising merely 0.03% of the total cultivated area. In India during 2002, the production of organic
farming was about 14 000 tonnes of which 85% of it was exported. The most important barrier considered
in the progress of organic agriculture in India was the lacunae in the government policies of making a firm
decision to promote organic agriculture. Moreover, there were several major drawbacks in the growth of
organic farming in India which include lack of awareness, lack of good marketing policies, shortage of
biomass, inadequate farming infrastructure, high input cost of farming, inappropriate marketing of organic
input, inefficient agricultural policies, lack of financial support, incapability of meeting export demand, lack
of quality manure, and low yield.

Recently, the Government of India has implemented several programs and schemes for boosting
organic farming in the country. Among these the most important include (1) The Parampara at
Krishi Vikas Yojana, (2) Organic Value Chain Development in North Eastern Region Scheme, (3)
Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, (4) The mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (a.
National Horticulture Mission, b. Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan states, c.
National Bamboo Mission, d. National Horticulture Board, e. Coconut Development Board, d.
Central Institute for Horticulture, Nagaland), (5) National Programme for Organic Production, (6)
National Project on Organic Farming, and (7) National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture(Yadav,
2017).

Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) is a method of farming where the cost of growing and
harvesting plants is zero as it reduces costs through eliminating external inputs and using local
resources to rejuvenate soils and restore ecosystem health through diverse, multi-layered cropping
systems.
METHODS OF ORGANIC FARMING: AN OVERVIEW
Organic farming is a method of producing crops through the natural process instead of using
chemicalbased pesticides and fertilizers. The primary purpose of practicing organic agriculture is to
develop sustainable and eco-friendly enterprises at the same time.

Organic farming benefits the environment by minimizing pollution, reducing soil degradation, focusing
on biological productivity, protecting soil from erosion, etc. This farming procedure improves the fertility
of the soil without causing any harm like conventional farming techniques.
We should accept organic farming to improve our health and for environmental protection as well.

PURE ORGANIC FARMING

As the name of this farming process suggests, it uses natural ways for cultivation. Pure organic farming
completely avoids inorganic chemicals that may harm the soil, crop, and people who consume it.
In this process, farmers use organic fertilizers and bio-pesticides derived from natural sources for
example- bone meal, blood meal, etc.

INTEGRATED ORGANIC FARMING

The integrated farming process consists of integrating pest management and nutrients management to
achieve ecological requirements and fulfil the economic demands also.

TECHNIQUES OF ORGANIC FARMING

Organic farming aims to cultivate the land and grow crops in such a way that the health of the soil gets
improved by using organic waste. It focuses on producing crops with a high nutrition level.

CROP ROTATION
Crop rotation is a farming technique where farmers do not cultivate the same crop on the same land every
year; instead, they grow different crops in rotation to maintain the soil’s health.

Crop rotation is a very beneficial farming technique that replenishes the soil naturally as different plants
contribute different nutrients in the soil. This technique helps control pests, weeds, insects, etc. by
disrupting their habitat.

GREEN MANURE
Green manure means the dying plants that are uprooted and turned into the soil. These plants act as
nutrients to the soil that helps to improve its fertility.

COMPOST
Compost is one of the best natural fertilizers used in organic farming. It is a recycled organic matter
highly enriched with nutrients that enhance the soil quality and improve crop production.
CROP DIVERSITY
A new practice named ’polyculture’ is in trend these days. In polyculture, a variety of crops can be
cultivated simultaneously to fulfil the increasing demand for food items across the world.
On the other hand, traditional farmers were used to practicing ‘monoculture’ where only one kind of crop
was used to cultivate in a particular location.
SOIL MANAGEMENT

Soil is the primary requirement of cultivation. The soil depletes its quality as it loses its nutrients after the
cultivation of crops. Hence, soil management is crucial to recharge the soil with the necessary nutrients.
The main objective of organic farming is to increase soil quality by using natural ways. That is why
organic farming focuses on using bacteria (present in animal waste) that help to increase the nutrients
level in the soil, making it fertile for more production.

CONTROLLING PESTS BIOLOGICALLY

Agricultural lands are a home for many organisms. Some of these organisms are helpful for crop
production, whereas others are quite harmful to the crop as they disrupt crop production.

Also, we need to control the growth and population of the harmful organisms to maintain the soil fertility
and protection of the crops. Hence, organic farmers can use mild (having fewer chemicals) or natural
herbicides and pesticides to control pests biologically. The farmers can also sanitize the farm properly to
control harmful organisms in the field.
WEED MANAGEMENT
Weeds or wild grass are unnecessary plants that grow along with the crops in agricultural fields. These
weeds suck most of the nutrients available in the soil and thus affect crop production. Organic farming
methods aim to reduce the growth of weeds instead of eradicating it.

Mulching, mowing or cutting are two techniques mainly we use for weed management in organic farming.
In mulching, the farmers use plant residue or plastic films on the soil surface to block the growth of
weeds.

On the other hand, more cutting is a process that works on the removal of weeds to minimize its growth in
the field. Thus, weed management techniques help to improve the growth of the crop.
LIVESTOCK
Organic farming induces domestic animals to use to increase the sustainability of agricultural land.

GENETIC MODIFICATION
Methods of organic farming focus mainly on enhancing crop production and soil quality through natural
ways. Hence, we should keep genetic modification away from the field of organic farming.

However, it must be noted that the pollens in modified crops are also present in the seed stocks that have
been used for organic farming. As a result, it becomes very tough to keep organic farming completely
away from genetic modification.

Nowadays, agricultural activities are more involved in the use of chemicals to increase the production
level
to meet the world’s demand for food. The chemical we use in the form of fertilizers and pesticides
eventually dissolve into water streams and also penetrate deep inside the soil. All this leads to an
increased level of pollution, whether it is soil pollution or water pollution.
PHOTO AND VEDIO LINKS
 STUDENT SELF-EVALUATION FOR THE COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

Student Name:

Registration No:

To:
Period of CSP: From:

Date of Evaluation
:
Name of the Person in-charge:
Address with mobile number :

Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank.

1) Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5

2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5

3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5

4) Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5

5) Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5

7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5

8) Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5

11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5

12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5

13) Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5

14) Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5

OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5
Date: Signature of the Student
 EVALUATION BY THE PERSON IN-CHARGE IN THE COMMUNITY/HABITATION

Student Name:

Registration No:

To:
Period of CSP: From:

Date of Evaluation
:
Name of the Person in-charge:
Address with mobile number :

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the student’s self-evaluation

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank.

1) Oral
2) 1 2 3 4 5

2) Written communication 1 2 3 4 5

3) Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5

4) Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5

5) Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5

6) Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5

7) Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5

8) Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5

9) Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5

10) Creativity 1 2 3 4 5

11) Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5

12) Time Management 1 2 3 4 5

13) Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5

14) Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15) OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5