WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

Table of Contents

Question on mechanical properties of concrete and reinforcing steel .................................................... 1

Question on design philosophy ....................................................................................................... 6

Question on developing analysis and design ofbeam for flexure and shear ........................................ 11

Question on developing analysis and design ofslab for flexure and shear .......................................... 21

Answers: .................................................................................................................................... 28

Question on column design........................................................................................................... 44

Answer ...................................................................................................................................... 47

Questions on developing the collapse mechanism for beamand frame ......................................... 65

Question of design the slab by yield line methods ........................................................................... 70

Steel and timber structure Question for Exit-exam ........................................................................... 76

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

Question on mechanical properties of concrete and reinforcing steel

1) Which of the following is a mechanical property of concrete? a) Thermal conductivity b) Specific

gravity c) Elastic modulus d) pH value

2) Which mechanical property of concrete refers to its ability to resist deformation under stress? a)
Compressive strength b) Tensile strength c) Flexural strength d) Modulus of elasticity

3) Reinforcing steel is commonly used in concrete to increase its: a) Density b) Permeability

c) Compressive strength d) Tensile strength

4) Which of the following mechanical properties of reinforcing steel indicates its resistance to
deformation? a) Yield strength b) Shear strength c) Fatigue strength d) Modulus of rupture

5) Concrete typically has higher strength in compression compared to tension because: a) It contains
reinforcing steel b) The aggregates provide tensile strength c) The cement paste holds the aggregates
together d) The water-cement ratio is higher

6) Which mechanical property of reinforcing steel measures its maximum stress before permanent
deformation occurs? a) Ultimate strength b) Elastic modulus c) Yield strength

d) Hardness

7) The elastic modulus of concrete is influenced by its: a) Water-cement ratio b) Age c) Curing conditions
d) All of the above

8) Which mechanical property of concrete determines its ability to withstand bending or flexural stresses?
a) Compressive strength b) Tensile strength c) Flexural strength d) Shearstrength

9) The purpose of using reinforcing steel in concrete structures is to: a) Reduce the weight ofthe structure
b) Increase the durability of the structure c) Enhance the fire resistance of thestructure d) Improve the
structural strength and load-carrying capacity

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

10) Which of the following factors can affect the tensile strength of reinforcing steel? a) Steel grade and
composition b) Size and shape of steel bars c) Bond between steel and concrete

d) All of the above

11) Which of the following is a mechanical property of concrete? a) Thermal conductivity b) Specific
gravity c) Elastic modulus d) pH value

12) Which mechanical property of concrete refers to its ability to resist deformation under stress? a)
Compressive strength b) Tensile strength c) Flexural strength d) Modulus of elasticity

13) Reinforcing steel is commonly used in concrete to increase its: a) Density b) Permeability

c) Compressive strength d) Tensile strength

14) Which of the following mechanical properties of reinforcing steel indicates its resistance to
deformation? a) Yield strength b) Shear strength c) Fatigue strength d) Modulus of rupture

15) Concrete typically has higher strength in compression compared to tension because: a) It contains
reinforcing steel b) The aggregates provide tensile strength c) The cement paste holds the aggregates
together d) The water-cement ratio is higher

16) Which mechanical property of reinforcing steel measures its maximum stress before permanent
deformation occurs? a) Ultimate strength b) Elastic modulus c) Yield strength

d) Hardness

17) The elastic modulus of concrete is influenced by its: a) Water-cement ratio b) Age c) Curing conditions
d) All of the above

18) Which mechanical property of concrete determines its ability to withstand bending or flexural stresses?
a) Compressive strength b) Tensile strength c) Flexural strength d) Shearstrength

19) The purpose of using reinforcing steel in concrete structures is to: a) Reduce the weight ofthe structure
b) Increase the durability of the structure c) Enhance the fire resistance of thestructure d) Improve the

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

structural strength and load-carrying capacity

20) Which of the following factors can affect the tensile strength of reinforcing steel? a) Steel grade and
composition b) Size and shape of steel bars c) Bond between steel and concrete

d) All of the above

21) What is the primary mechanical property that determines the ability of concrete to withstand
compressive forces? a) Tensile strength b) Flexural strength c) Compressive strength d) Shear strength

22) The compressive strength of concrete is typically tested by applying a compressive load toa standard
specimen. What is the most common shape of this specimen? a) Cylinder b) Cube c) Prism d) Sphere

23) Which factor does NOT significantly affect the compressive strength of concrete? a) Water-cement ratio
b) Aggregate size and shape c) Curing conditions d) Air content

24) Which mechanical property of concrete refers to its ability to resist bending or flexural stresses? a)
Compressive strength b) Tensile strength c) Flexural strength d) Shear strength

25) The tensile strength of concrete is relatively low compared to its compressive strength. Toimprove the
tensile strength, what is commonly used in concrete construction? a) Reinforcing steel b) Fiber
reinforcement c) Polymer additives d) Fly ash

26) Which mechanical property of concrete describes its ability to withstand sudden impact or shock
loading? a) Toughness b) Hardness c) Ductility d) Elasticity

27) What is the modulus of elasticity of concrete? a) Its ability to return to its original shape after
deformation b) Its ability to resist deformation under compressive forces c) Its ability to resist
deformation under tensile forces d) Its ability to absorb energy before fracture

28) Which of the following factors can influence the modulus of elasticity of concrete? a) Aggregate type
and size b) Curing conditions c) Age of concrete d) All of the above

29) The Poisson's ratio is a measure of: a) Concrete's resistance to shear forces b) Concrete's resistance to
compressive forces c) Concrete's resistance to tensile forces d) Concrete's lateral deformation when

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

subjected to axial loading

30) What is the significance of the splitting tensile strength of concrete? a) It is an indicator ofconcrete's
resistance to cracking b) It determines the load-carrying capacity of concrete beams c) It measures
concrete's resistance to shear forces d) It is used to calculate the modulus of elasticity

31) Which of the following is a key mechanical property of concrete? a) Transparency b) Density c)
Viscosity d) Brittleness

32) Which mechanical property of concrete refers to its ability to withstand compressive forces without
failure? a) Flexural strength b) Tensile strength c) Compressive strength d) Shear strength

33) What is the most common unit of measurement for compressive strength of concrete? a) Pascals (Pa)
b) Megapascals (MPa) c) Newtons (N) d) Kilograms (kg)

34) Which factor does NOT significantly affect the compressive strength of concrete? a) Water-cement ratio
b) Aggregate size and shape c) Curing conditions d) Air content

35) Which mechanical property of concrete describes its ability to resist deformation under tensile forces?
a) Compressive strength b) Tensile strength c) Flexural strength d) Shear strength

36) The tensile strength of concrete is typically much lower than its compressive strength. To improve the
tensile strength, what is commonly used in concrete construction? a) Reinforcing steel b) Fiber
reinforcement c) Polymer additives d) Fly ash

37) Which mechanical property of concrete describes its ability to absorb energy before fracture? a)
Toughness b) Hardness c) Ductility d) Elasticity

38) The modulus of elasticity of concrete refers to its: a) Ability to resist deformation under compressive
forces b) Ability to resist deformation under tensile forces c) Ability to returnto its original shape after
deformation d) Ability to absorb energy before fracture

39) Which factor can influence the modulus of elasticity of concrete? a) Aggregate type and size b) Curing
conditions c) Age of concrete d) All of the above

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

40) What is the purpose of using admixtures in concrete? a) To improve its workability b) Toincrease its
density c) To enhance its compressive strength d) To reduce its curing time

41) What is the primary mechanical property that determines the strength of reinforcing steel?

a) Ductility b) Elasticity c) Tensile strength d) Compressive strength

42) The strength of reinforcing steel is typically measured in: a) Pounds per square inch (psi)

b) Kilopascals (kPa) c) Newtons (N) d) Megapascals (MPa)

43) Which factor does NOT significantly affect the strength of reinforcing steel? a) Carbon content b)
Alloying elements c) Steel thickness d) Heat treatment

44) What is the primary purpose of reinforcing steel in concrete construction? a) To increase the
compressive strength of concrete b) To increase the tensile strength of concrete c) To increase the
flexural strength of concrete d) To increase the shear strength of concrete

45) Which mechanical property of reinforcing steel refers to its ability to undergo large deformations
without fracturing? a) Ductility b) Hardness c) Brittleness d) Elasticity

46) Which type of reinforcing steel has a characteristic ribbed or textured pattern on its surfaceto improve
bond strength with concrete? a) Mild steel b) Stainless steel c) Galvanized steel

d) Deformed steel

47) Which factor can significantly affect the corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel? a) Carbon content b)
Alloying elements c) Steel thickness d) Surface coating

48) What is the purpose of providing concrete cover over the reinforcing steel in reinforced concrete
structures? a) To improve the appearance of the structure b) To protect the steel from corrosion c) To
increase the strength of the concrete d) To enhance the bond betweensteel and concrete

49) Which mechanical property of reinforcing steel describes its ability to return to its originalshape after
deformation? a) Ductility b) Elasticity c) Toughness d) Strength

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

50) Which mechanical property of reinforcing steel is crucial for withstanding seismic forces and preventing
structural failure? a) Yield strength b) Ultimate strength c) Fatigue strength

d) Tensile strength

Question on design philosophy

51) Which structural design method involves determining the internal forces and stresses in a structure by
breaking it down into smaller, manageable parts? a) Finite Element Method (FEM) b) Force Method c)
Displacement Method d) Moment Distribution Method

52) Which structural design method relies on the assumption that the structure deforms in a linear manner
under applied loads? a) Elastic design method b) Plastic design method c) Limit State Design method
d) Ultimate Strength Design method

53) Which design method is commonly used for analyzing and designing steel structures by considering the
yield strength and ultimate strength of materials? a) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) b)
Working Stress Design (WSD) c) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) d) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULS)

54) Which design method accounts for the load combinations and safety factors to ensure the structure's
safety under different load conditions? a) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) b) Force Method
c) Displacement Method d) Moment Distribution Method

55) Which structural design method considers the deflection and stability of a structure in addition to the
internal forces and stresses? a) Limit State Design method b) Plastic designmethod c) Elastic design
method d) Serviceability Limit State Design method

56) Which design method involves the iterative process of adjusting member sizes and checking the
structure's response until satisfactory design criteria are met? a) Trial and error method b) Computer-
aided design (CAD) c) Optimization method d) Simplified design method

57) Which design method is commonly used for the design of reinforced concrete structures by considering
the strength and serviceability requirements? a) ACI 318 method b) Eurocode method c) AISC method
d) BS 8110 method

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

58) Which design method allows for the redistribution of moments within a structure to achieve a more
efficient and economical design? a) Plastic design method b) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) c)
Moment Redistribution method d) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULS)

59) Which design method involves determining the maximum loads a structure can withstand without
failure, considering its material properties and safety factors? a) Strength design method b) Limit State
Design method c) Ultimate Strength Design method d) Serviceability Limit State Design method

60) Which design method utilizes computer software and advanced computational techniques to analyze and
optimize complex structural systems? a) Finite Element Method (FEM) b) Force Method c)
Displacement Method d) Moment Distribution Method

61) Which design method relies on permissible stresses or allowable stress limits for different materials to
ensure the structural integrity of a design? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State
Design (SLSD)

62) Which design method considers the ultimate strength and failure modes of a structure undervarious load
combinations? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State
Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

63) Which design method aims to prevent excessive deflection, vibration, or deformation thatmay affect the
performance and usability of a structure? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State
Design (SLSD)

64) Which design method considers both strength and serviceability requirements, such as deflection limits,
in the design of a structure? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate
Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

65) Which design method is based on the concept of load and resistance factors, taking into account
uncertainties in loadings, material strengths, and other parameters? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

b) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability
Limit State Design (SLSD)

66) Which design method ensures that a structure can withstand extreme loads or rare events, such as
earthquakes or strong winds? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c)
Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

67) Which design method considers the safety and serviceability of a structure under normal, everyday loads
and usage conditions? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Serviceability
Limit State Design (SLSD) d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

68) Which design method incorporates factors of safety to account for uncertainties in materialproperties,
construction quality, and other variables? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b)Limit State Design (LSD)
c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

69) Which design method involves assessing the durability and long-term performance of a structure,
considering factors such as corrosion, fatigue, and creep? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit
State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

70) Which design method is commonly used in the design of concrete structures to ensure the desired
strength, serviceability, and durability? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) LimitState Design (LSD)
c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

71) Which design method allows for the direct comparison of calculated stresses in a structure with the
allowable stresses for the given material? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design
(LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

72) Which design method considers the ultimate strength of a structure, accounting for both strength and
serviceability requirements? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit StateDesign (LSD) c) Ultimate
Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design(SLSD)

73) Which design method aims to ensure that a structure remains functional and meets specificserviceability
criteria, such as deflection limits? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c)

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

74) Which design method incorporates safety factors and load combinations to ensure the safety of a
structure under different loading conditions? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) ServiceabilityLimit State
Design (SLSD)

75) Which design method is concerned with extreme or unusual events, such as earthquakes orexplosions,
and their effects on a structure? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c)
Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Special Limit State Design(SLSD)

76) Which design method involves assessing the durability, long-term performance, and maintenance
requirements of a structure? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit StateDesign (LSD) c) Ultimate
Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design(SLSD)

77) Which design method is commonly used in the design of steel structures, considering the strength and
behavior of steel materials? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit StateDesign (LSD) c) Ultimate
Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design(SLSD)

78) Which design method focuses on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of a structure and itsability to resist
collapse or failure? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design(LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State
Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

79) Which design method accounts for exceptional loads or conditions that may occur rarely but have
significant consequences for the structure? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design
(LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

80) Which design method ensures that a structure meets specific criteria related to fireresistance and safety
in the event of a fire? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit
State Design (ULSD) d) Special Limit State Design(SLSD)

81) Which design method accounts for uncertainties in material properties and loads by incorporating safety
factors to ensure the safety of the structure? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Load and Resistance

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

Factor Design (LRFD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design
(SLSD)

82) Which design method considers the maximum load that a structure can sustain without failure or
collapse? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State
Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

83) Which design method focuses on preventing excessive deflections, vibrations, and deformations in a
structure to ensure user comfort and functionality? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State
Design (LSD) c) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

84) Which design method takes into account the specific requirements for exceptional loads or unusual
events, such as earthquakes or explosions? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design
(LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

85) Which design method ensures that a structure remains serviceable and functional throughout its design
life, considering factors such as durability and maintenance? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit
State Design (LSD) c) Serviceability Limit StateDesign (SLSD) d) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD)

86) Which design method relies on permissible stresses or allowable stress limits for different materials to
ensure the structural integrity of a design? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State
Design (SLSD)

87) Which design method considers both strength and serviceability requirements, ensuring the structure's
performance within acceptable limits? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD)
c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

88) Which design method involves assessing the resistance and strength of the structure againstexceptional
loads or conditions? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Limit
State Design (ULSD) d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

89) Which design method accounts for the ultimate strength and failure modes of a structure under various
load combinations? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Limit State Design(LSD) c) Ultimate Limit
State Design (ULSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

90) Which design method focuses on evaluating the structure's safety and performance under normal,
everyday loads and usage conditions? a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) LimitState Design (LSD)
c) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD) d) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD)

Question on developing analysis and design ofbeam for flexure and shear

91) Which parameter characterizes the maximum bending moment in a beam? a) Shear force

b) Torsional moment c) Design moment resistance d) Bending moment

92) What is the basic assumption made in the analysis of beams for flexure? a) Plane sections remain plane
after bending b) Uniform distribution of shear stress c) Negligible deflectionunder load d) No tension
in the beam

93) What is the primary design criterion for determining the cross-sectional dimensions of a beam? a)
Maximum deflection b) Shear capacity c) Bending moment capacity d) Torsionalstrength

94) In Eurocode, which limit state design is considered for beams under flexure? a) Serviceability limit state
b) Ultimate limit state c) Special limit state d) Fatigue limit state

95) Which design method is commonly used for the design of beams under flexure in Eurocode? a)
Allowable Stress Design (ASD) b) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) c) Limit State Design
(LSD) d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

96) What is the formula to calculate the bending stress in a beam under flexure? a) σ = M / I b)σ = P / A c)
σ = τ / A d) σ = F / A

97) Which property of a beam section influences its resistance to bending? a) Modulus of elasticity b) Area
moment of inertia c) Shear modulus d) Poisson's ratio

98) What is the purpose of providing reinforcement in a beam for flexure? a) To increase the compressive

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

strength b) To reduce the shear stress c) To resist bending and control cracks

d) To improve the deflection characteristics

99) Which design parameter ensures the satisfactory performance of a beam under service loads? a) Bending
stiffness b) Ultimate strength c) Crack width limitation d) Tensile strength

100) What is the purpose of the design moment resistance of a beam? a) To determine the maximum
deflection b) To assess the bending capacity of the beam c) To evaluate the shear capacity d) To
determine the critical buckling load

101) According to Ethiopian Standards (ES EN), which design code provides guidance for the
analysis and design of beams for flexure? a) ES EN 1990: Basis of Structural Design

b) ES EN 1991: Actions on Structures c) ES EN 1992: Design of Concrete Structures d) ES EN 1993:

Design of Steel Structures

102) In Ethiopian Standards (ES EN), what is the characteristic load used in the design of beams for
flexure? a) Factored load b) Dead load c) Imposed load d) Variable load

103) What is the primary design criterion for determining the cross-sectional dimensionsof a beam in
ES EN? a) Maximum deflection b) Shear capacity c) Bending moment capacity d) Torsional strength

104) Which limit state considers the failure due to excessive deflection in the design of beams for
flexure, according to ES EN? a) Ultimate limit state b) Serviceability limit state

c) Special limit state d) Fatigue limit state

105) According to ES EN, what is the recommended minimum reinforcement ratio for a simply
supported beam subjected to flexure? a) 0.1% b) 0.2% c) 0.4% d) 0.6%

106) What is the formula to calculate the design bending moment resistance of a beam in ES EN? a)
Rd = γfM b) Rd = (fM)/γ c) Rd = (fM)/(γf) d) Rd = (fM)/γf

107) Which ES EN provision ensures that the cracking in a beam due to flexure is withinacceptable

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

limits? a) Crack width limitation b) Tensile strength requirement c) Shear capacity check d) Torsional
strength check

108) In ES EN, what is the recommended method to calculate the deflection of a beam subjected to
flexure? a) Simplified calculation method b) Elastic calculation method c) Iterative calculation method
d) Numerical calculation method

109) Which ES EN clause provides guidance on the determination of characteristic loadsfor the design
of beams? a) Clause 1 b) Clause 2 c) Clause 3 d) Clause 4

110) According to ES EN, what is the recommended minimum depth of a beam to ensure effective
resistance to flexure? a) 200 mm b) 300 mm c) 400 mm d) 500 mm

111) In ES EN, which design method is commonly used for the design of beams under flexure? a)
Working Stress Design (WSD) b) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) d) Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

112) According to ES EN, what is the symbol used to represent the design bending moment in a
beam? a) M_d b) M_u c) M_c d) M_r

113) Which property of a beam section influences its resistance to bending, according toES EN? a)
Modulus of elasticity b) Section modulus c) Shear modulus d) Moment of inertia

114) What is the formula to calculate the design bending stress in a beam under flexure,according to
ES EN? a) σ = M_d / Z b) σ = M_u / Z c) σ = M_c / Z d) σ = M_r / Z

115) According to ES EN, which limit state considers the risk of brittle failure in the design of beams
for flexure? a) Serviceability limit state b) Fatigue limit state c) Brittle fracture limit state d) Tensile
failure limit state

116) What is the purpose of providing reinforcement in a beam for flexure, according toES EN? a) To
increase the compressive strength b) To reduce the shear stress c) To resist bending and control cracks
d) To improve the deflection characteristics

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

117) Which ES EN provision ensures that the deflection of a beam under flexure is within acceptable
limits? a) Deflection limit check b) Shear capacity check c) Torsional strength check d) Buckling
resistance check

118) According to ES EN, what is the recommended method to calculate the deflection of a beam
subjected to flexure? a) Simplified calculation method b) Elastic calculation method c) Iterative
calculation method d) Numerical calculation method

119) In ES EN, what is the recommended minimum cover for reinforcement in beams subjected to
flexure? a) 15 mm b) 20 mm c) 25 mm d) 30 mm

120) According to ES EN, what is the recommended minimum clear span-to-depth ratiofor a simply
supported beam subjected to flexure? a) 10 b) 15 c) 20 d) 25

121) According to ES EN, what is the design strength reduction factor (φ) for flexural design of
reinforced concrete beams? a) 0.85 b) 0.90 c) 0.95 d) 1.00

122) In ES EN, what is the characteristic strength used for determining the design moment capacity
of a reinforced concrete beam? a) fck (cylinder compressive strength) b)fck (cube compressive strength)
c) fctm (tensile strength) d) fyd (yield strength of reinforcement)

123) According to ES EN, what is the recommended minimum percentage of tensile reinforcement
for beams subjected to flexure? a) 0.1% b) 0.2% c) 0.4% d) 0.6%

124) What is the effective span of a simply supported beam, according to ES EN? a) The distance
between points of zero moment b) The distance between points of maximum moment c) The distance
between supports d) The distance between points of inflection

125) In ES EN, what is the recommended deflection limit for a simply supported beam subjected to
normal service loads? a) Span/250 b) Span/200 c) Span/150 d) Span/100

126) According to ES EN, how is the crack width limitation for beams under flexure determined? a)
Based on the maximum allowable tensile strain b) Based on the maximum allowable compressive strain
c) Based on the maximum allowable moment capacity d) Based on the maximum allowable shear stress

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

127) What is the formula to calculate the maximum crack width in a reinforced concrete beam,
according to ES EN? a) wmax = k * δ b) wmax = k * ε c) wmax = k * σ d) wmax =k * ρ

128) In ES EN, how is the shear reinforcement requirement determined for beams underflexure? a)
By considering the maximum shear force b) By considering the maximum bending moment c) By
considering the minimum moment of inertia d) By considering theminimum compressive strength

129) According to ES EN, how is the depth of the neutral axis in a reinforced concrete beam
calculated? a) By assuming a predefined value based on the beam's geometry b) By considering the ratio
of tensile reinforcement to compressive reinforcement c) By conducting a nonlinear analysis of the
beam's response d) By using the simplified stress block method

130) What is the minimum concrete cover required for the tension reinforcement in beams subjected
to flexure, according to ES EN? a) 15 mm b) 20 mm c) 25 mm d) 30 mm

131) Which method is commonly used to analyze beams for flexure? a) Moment distribution method
b) Method of sections c) Moment distribution factor method d) Finite element method

132) In structural analysis, what is the moment diagram of a simply supported beam subjected to a
uniformly distributed load? a) A straight line b) A parabolic curve c) A triangular shape d) A rectangular
shape

133) What is the equation to calculate the maximum bending moment in a simply supported beam
with a concentrated load at the midspan? a) M_max = (wL^2) / 8 b) M_max = (wL^2) / 4 c) M_max =
(wL^2) / 2 d) M_max = wL

134) According to the beam design process, what is the first step in designing a beam forflexure? a)
Determining the support reactions b) Calculating the maximum bending moment c) Selecting an
appropriate beam section d) Checking for serviceability requirements

135) Which design approach considers the ultimate strength of a beam for flexure? a) Allowable
stress design (ASD) b) Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) c) Limit statedesign (LSD) d) Working
stress design (WSD)

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

136) What is the primary purpose of reinforcing steel in a reinforced concrete beam for flexure? a) To
increase the compressive strength of the beam b) To enhance the beam's resistance to shear forces c) To
control cracking and provide tensile strength d) To improvethe beam's deflection characteristics

137) According to design codes, what is the typical safety factor used in the ultimate limit state design
of beams for flexure? a) 1.0 b) 1.2 c) 1.5 d) 2.0

138) What is the equation to calculate the required reinforcement area in a beam for flexure? a) As =
(M_max * d) / (0.87 * fy) b) As = (M_max * d) / (0.67 * fy) c) As = (M_max * d) / (0.577 * fy) d) As
= (M_max * d) / (0.95 * fy)

139) Which type of beam reinforcement is primarily responsible for resisting the tensileforces in a
beam for flexure? a) Longitudinal reinforcement b) Shear reinforcement c) Stirrups d) Lateral ties

140) According to design standards, what is the typical limit state considered for serviceability
requirements in beams for flexure? a) Deflection b) Shear strength c)Buckling d) Fatigue

141) Which equation represents the flexural stress distribution in a rectangular beam under pure
bending? a) σ = M / I b) σ = M / S c) σ = M * y / I d) σ = M * y / S

142) What is the purpose of the neutral axis in a beam under flexure? a) It is the locationwith zero
stress in the beam. b) It is the location with maximum stress in the beam. c) It is the location where shear
forces are concentrated. d) It is the location where bending moments are concentrated.

143) According to the strength criteria, when designing a beam for flexure, what needs to be ensured?
a) The applied moment should not exceed the moment capacity of the beam.

b) The deflection of the beam should be within acceptable limits. c) The shear forces shouldnot exceed
the shear capacity of the beam. d) The compression in the beam should not exceed the compressive
strength of the material.

144) In the design of reinforced concrete beams, what is the purpose of providing stirrups? a) To
resist shear forces. b) To increase the flexural strength. c) To control deflection. d) To enhance the bond
between concrete and reinforcement.

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

145) Which parameter affects the deflection of a beam under flexure the most? a) Beamlength. b)
Beam depth. c) Beam width. d) Beam material.

146) What is the primary factor considered when selecting the dimensions of a beam forflexure? a)
Applied loads. b) Material strength. c) Cost. d) Construction ease.

147) According to design codes, what is the typical minimum reinforcement ratiorequired for beams
under flexure? a) 0.5% b) 1.0% c) 1.5% d) 2.0%

148) Which method is commonly used to determine the maximum bending moment in abeam under
flexure? a) Moment distribution method. b) Virtual work method. c) Method of sections. d) Moment-
area method.

149) What is the purpose of a structural analysis in the design of a beam for flexure? a) To determine
the required dimensions of the beam. b) To calculate the maximum deflectionof the beam. c) To identify
the internal forces and moments in the beam. d) To verify the strength requirements of the beam.

150) What is the significance of the serviceability limit state in the design of beams for flexure? a) It
ensures that the beam performs adequately during its service life. b) It ensuresthat the beam can resist
extreme loads and prevent collapse. c) It verifies that the beam satisfies the safety requirements. d) It
assesses the durability and fire resistance of the beam.

151) A beam requires four bars with a diameter of 14 mm. However, due to market availability, the
engineer recommends using bars with a diameter of 16 mm or 20 mm instead. How many bars of 16
mm diameter should be used to maintain the same total areaof steel reinforcement? a) Three bars b) Four
bars c) Five bars d) Six bars

152) For the same beam mentioned above, if the engineer decides to use bars with a diameter of 20
mm, how many bars of 20 mm diameter should be used to maintain the same total area of steel
reinforcement? a) Two bars b) Three bars c) Four bars d) Five bars

153) According to the Ethiopian Standards for beam design, what is the minimum concrete cover
required for the reinforcement in a beam subjected to flexure? a) 15 mm b)20 mm c) 25 mm d) 30 mm

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

154) In the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete beam, what is the purpose of providing
stirrups? a) To increase the beam's flexural strength b) To control deflection c) To enhance the beam's
resistance to shear forces d) To improve the bond between concreteand reinforcement

155) A simply supported beam is subjected to a uniformly distributed load. Which type of beam
bending occurs under this loading condition? a) Positive bending b) Negative bending c) Hogging
bending d) Sagging bending

156) What is the equation used to calculate the maximum bending moment (M) in a beam subjected
to a uniformly distributed load (w) over a length (L) and supported at bothends? a) M = wL² / 8 b) M =
wL² / 12 c) M = wL² / 16 d) M = wL² / 24

157) According to ES EN (Ethiopian Standards), what is the recommended design strength reduction
factor (φ) for flexural design of reinforced concrete beams? a) 0.85 b) 0.90 c) 0.95 d) 1.00

158) In the design of a reinforced concrete beam, what is the purpose of calculating themoment of
inertia (I)? a) To determine the deflection of the beam b) To determine the maximum bending moment
c) To assess the shear capacity of the beam d) To verify the bond strength between concrete and
reinforcement

159) In the ultimate limit state design of beams for flexure, what is the characteristic strength of the
concrete used in determining the design moment capacity? a) Cylinder compressive strength (fck) b)
Cube compressive strength (fck) c) Tensile strength (fctm)

d) Yield strength of reinforcement (fyd)

160) When designing a reinforced concrete beam for flexure, what is the purpose of providing
compression reinforcement (stirrups)? a) To increase the beam's flexural strength

b) To control deflection c) To enhance the beam's resistance to shear forces d) To improvethe bond
between concrete and reinforcement

161) What is shear in the context of beam design? a) The force that causes a beam to bend b) The
force that causes a beam to twist c) The force that acts perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a beam

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

d) The force that acts parallel to the longitudinal axis of a beam

162) Which factor affects shear strength in a reinforced concrete beam? a) Tensile strength of
concrete b) Compressive strength of concrete c) Flexural strength of concrete

d) Shear reinforcement provided

163) What is the formula for calculating the shear stress (τ) in a beam? a) τ = V / A b) τ

= V / (b × d) c) τ = V / (2 × A) d) τ = V / (2 × b × d)

164) According to design codes, what is the minimum shear reinforcement required for a beam? a)
0.5% of the beam's cross-sectional area b) 1% of the beam's cross-sectional area

c) 1.5% of the beam's cross-sectional area d) 2% of the beam's cross-sectional area

165) When designing a beam for shear, what is the purpose of providing shear reinforcement such as
stirrups? a) To increase the beam's flexural strength b) To control deflection c) To enhance the beam's
resistance to shear forces d) To improve the bond between concrete and reinforcement

166) In the analysis and design of a simply supported beam subjected to a concentrated load, where
does the maximum shear occur? a) At the midspan of the beam b) At the support of the beam c) At a
distance equal to one-third of the beam span from the support

d) It is uniformly distributed along the length of the beam

167) What is the critical section for shear design in a beam? a) The location where the moment is
maximum b) The location where the shear force is maximum c) The location where the beam's
deflection is maximum d) The location where the bending stress is maximum

168) What is the term used to describe the failure of a beam due to shear forces? a) Flexural failure
b) Torsional failure c) Shear failure d) Compression failure

169) According to design codes, what is the recommended minimum concrete cover for shear
reinforcement in a beam? a) 15 mm b) 20 mm c) 25 mm d) 30 mm

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

170) What is the equation used to calculate the shear capacity (Vc) of a reinforced concrete beam? a)
Vc = (0.6 × √(fck) × bw × d) / γc b) Vc = (0.8 × √(fck) × bw × d) / γc c)Vc = (1.0 × √(fck) × bw × d) /
γc d) Vc = (1.2 × √(fck) × bw × d) / γc

171) Which parameter primarily governs the shear capacity of a reinforced concrete beam? a)
Concrete compressive strength b) Steel reinforcement ratio c) Beam depth d) Beam span length

172) What is the formula for calculating the shear stress in a rectangular beam without shear
reinforcement? a) τ = V / (bw × d) b) τ = V / (2 × bw × d) c) τ = V / (bw × d^2) d) τ = V / (2 × bw ×
d^2)

173) When designing a beam for shear, what is the purpose of providing stirrups or shear
reinforcement? a) To increase the beam's flexural strength b) To control deflection c) To enhance the
beam's resistance to shear forces d) To improve the bond between concrete and reinforcement

174) According to design codes, what is the minimum spacing allowed between stirrups or shear
reinforcement in a beam? a) 50 mm b) 100 mm c) 150 mm d) 200 mm

175) What is the critical section for shear design in a beam? a) At the midspan of the beam b) At the
support of the beam c) At a distance equal to one-third of the beam span from the support d) It is
uniformly distributed along the length of the beam

176) In the analysis and design of a simply supported beam subjected to a concentrated load, where
does the maximum shear occur? a) At the midspan of the beam b) At the support of the beam c) At a
distance equal to one-third of the beam span from the support

d) It is uniformly distributed along the length of the beam

177) What is the term used to describe the mode of shear failure in a beam when shear reinforcement
is not provided? a) Flexural failure b) Torsional failure c) Shear failure d) Compression failure

178) According to design codes, what is the recommended minimum concrete cover for shear
reinforcement in a beam? a) 15 mm b) 20 mm c) 25 mm d) 30 mm

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

179) What is the equation used to calculate the shear capacity (Vc) of a reinforced concrete beam
with shear reinforcement? a) Vc = Vc_max - Vs b) Vc = (0.6 × √(fck) × bw

× d) / γc c) Vc = (Av × fy) / γs d) Vc = (bw × d × τ) / γc

180) When designing a beam for shear, which parameter should be checked to ensure that the design
is adequate? a) Shear stress b) Shear reinforcement ratio c) Concrete compressive strength d) Deflection
limit

Question on developing analysis and design ofslab for flexure and shear

181) What is the primary purpose of flexural reinforcement in a slab? a) To control deflection b) To
resist bending moments c) To increase shear strength d) To improve bond between concrete and
reinforcement

182) Which design method is commonly used for flexural design of slabs? a) AllowableStress Design
(ASD) b) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) c) Ultimate Limit State (ULS) design d)
Serviceability Limit State (SLS) design

183) How is the moment of resistance (M) of a one-way slab calculated? a) M = fcu × b

× d^2 b) M = fcu × b × d^2 / 2 c) M = fy × As d) M = fy × As × (d - 0.5 × effective depth)

184) In the design of a one-way slab, which parameter is typically considered for calculating the
effective span? a) Clear span b) Overall depth c) Effective depth d) Slab thickness

185) Which type of reinforcement is primarily used for shear strength in slabs? a) Longitudinal bars
b) Stirrups or shear reinforcement c) Tension reinforcement d) Compression reinforcement

186) What is the critical section for shear design in a one-way slab? a) Midspan of the slab b) Support
regions c) Near columns d) All locations along the slab

187) Which parameter primarily governs the shear capacity of a one-way slab? a) Concrete
compressive strength b) Steel reinforcement ratio c) Slab thickness d) Clear span

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

188) What is the minimum clear cover specified for reinforcement in slabs? a) 15 mm b)20 mm c) 25
mm d) 30 mm

189) In the design of a two-way slab, which design method is commonly used? a) Direct Design
Method b) Equivalent Frame Method c) Yield Line Method d) Strut-and-Tie Method

190) What is the purpose of providing shear reinforcement in slabs? a) To enhance the slab's
resistance to shear forces b) To control deflection c) To increase the flexural strength

d) To improve bond between concrete and reinforcement

191) In the design of a one-way reinforced concrete slab, which direction do the primaryreinforcing
bars run? a) Along the shorter span b) Along the longer span c) Diagonally across the slab d) Randomly
distributed throughout the slab

192) Which design method is commonly used for the flexural design of slabs? a) Allowable Stress
Design (ASD) b) Ultimate Limit State (ULS) design c) Load andResistance Factor Design (LRFD)
d) Serviceability Limit State (SLS) design

193) How is the moment of resistance (M) calculated for a one-way slab? a) M = fcu × b × d^2 / 6 b)
M = fcu × b × d^2 / 8 c) M = fy × As d) M = fy × As × (d - 0.5 × effective depth)

194) What is the critical section for shear design in a one-way slab? a) Midspan of the slab b) Support
regions c) Near columns d) All locations along the slab

195) What is the purpose of providing shear reinforcement in slabs? a) To control deflection b) To
enhance the slab's resistance to shear forces c) To increase the flexural strength d) To improve bond
between concrete and reinforcement

196) What is the primary factor that governs the shear capacity of a one-way slab? a) Concrete
compressive strength b) Steel reinforcement ratio c) Slab thickness d) Clear span

197) Which type of reinforcement is primarily used for shear strength in slabs? a) Longitudinal bars
b) Stirrups or shear reinforcement c) Tension reinforcement d) Compression reinforcement

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

198) What is the minimum clear cover specified for reinforcement in slabs? a) 10 mm b)15 mm c) 20
mm d) 25 mm

199) In the design of a two-way slab, which design method is commonly used? a) Direct Design
Method b) Equivalent Frame Method c) Yield Line Method d) Strut-and-Tie Method

200) What is the purpose of providing shrinkage reinforcement in slabs? a) To increase the flexural
strength b) To control deflection c) To enhance the slab's resistance to shrinkage cracks d) To improve
bond between concrete and reinforcement

201) What is the primary design consideration for a two-way reinforced concrete slab?

a) Deflection control b) Shear resistance c) Bending moment capacity d) Torsional strength

202) Which method is commonly used for the analysis of two-way slabs? a) Equivalent frame method
b) Yield line method c) Direct design method d) Strut-and-tie method

203) What is the critical section for shear design in a two-way slab? a) At the column strip b) At the
middle strip c) At the edge strip d) At the corner strip

204) In the design of a two-way slab, how is the punching shear resistance at a column determined?
a) By providing shear reinforcement b) By increasing the slab thickness c) Byincreasing the column size
d) By increasing the concrete compressive strength

205) Which type of reinforcement is commonly used to enhance the punching shear resistance in
slabs? a) Longitudinal bars b) Stirrups or shear reinforcement c) Tension reinforcement d) Compression
reinforcement

206) What is the purpose of providing temperature and shrinkage reinforcement in slabs?

a) To increase the flexural strength b) To control deflection c) To enhance the slab's resistance to
cracking d) To improve bond between concrete and reinforcement

207) What is the minimum reinforcement ratio typically required for two-way slabs? a)0.001 b) 0.002
c) 0.003 d) 0.004

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

208) What is the maximum allowable deflection limit for slabs in most design codes? a)L/250 b)
L/300 c) L/400 d) L/500

209) In the design of a post-tensioned slab, what is the purpose of the tendons? a) To provide shear
resistance b) To enhance the flexural strength c) To control deflection d) Toinduce precompression in
the slab

210) Which parameter primarily governs the flexural capacity of a slab? a) Concrete compressive
strength b) Steel reinforcement ratio c) Slab thickness d) Clear span

211) What is the primary purpose of providing reinforcement in a reinforced concrete slab? a) To
control deflection b) To enhance the flexural strength c) To improve shear resistance d) To prevent
cracking

212) Which design method is commonly used for the flexural design of slabs? a) Working Stress
Design (WSD) b) Limit State Design (LSD) c) Ultimate Strength Design (USD) d) Load and Resistance
Factor Design (LRFD)

213) What is the critical section for flexural design in a one-way slab? a) Midspan of theslab b) Support
regions c) Near columns d) All locations along the slab

214) How is the maximum allowable deflection of a slab typically determined? a) Based on
serviceability criteria b) Based on ultimate strength criteria c) Based on shear resistancerequirements d)
Based on cracking prevention

215) Which factor affects the shear strength of a slab the most? a) Concrete compressivestrength b)
Steel reinforcement ratio c) Slab thickness d) Span-to-depth ratio

216) What is the purpose of providing shear reinforcement in slabs? a) To control deflection b) To
increase the flexural strength c) To enhance shear resistance d) To improvebond between concrete and
reinforcement

217) What is the minimum clear cover specified for reinforcement in slabs? a) 10 mm b)15 mm c) 20
mm d) 25 mm

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

218) In the design of a two-way slab, which method is commonly used for calculating the punching
shear capacity? a) The critical section method b) The strut-and-tie method c)The empirical method d)
The equivalent frame method

219) How is the slab thickness typically determined in the design process? a) Based on deflection
criteria b) Based on shear resistance requirements c) Based on load-carrying capacity d) Based on the
concrete compressive strength

220) What is the purpose of providing temperature reinforcement in slabs? a) To increasethe flexural
strength b) To control deflection c) To enhance the slab's resistance to temperature-induced cracking d)
To improve bond between concrete and reinforcement

221) Which type of slab is designed to transfer the load to beams on all four sides? a) One-way slab
b) Two-way slab c) Flat slab d) Waffle slab

222) In the design of a one-way slab, where should the main reinforcement be placed?

a) In the shorter span direction b) In the longer span direction c) Equally in both directions

d) It does not matter

223) What is the primary mode of failure in a one-way slab subjected to flexure? a) Shearfailure b)
Diagonal tension failure c) Punching shear failure d) Flexural cracking failure

224) Which method is commonly used to determine the required slab thickness for deflection control?
a) Elastic analysis b) Moment redistribution analysis c) Yield line analysis d) Limit state analysis

225) What is the purpose of providing distribution reinforcement in slabs? a) To controldeflection b)

To increase the flexural strength c) To enhance shear resistance d) To improvebond between concrete and
reinforcement

226) Which design code or standard is commonly used for the analysis and design of slabs in your
country or region? a) ACI (American Concrete Institute) b) BS (British Standards) c) Eurocode d) Other
(specify)

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

227) How is the maximum allowable shear stress in a slab typically determined? a) Based on the
concrete compressive strength b) Based on the slab thickness c) Based on the span-to-depth ratio d)
Based on the steel reinforcement ratio

228) What is the primary factor influencing the moment capacity of a slab? a) Concrete compressive
strength b) Steel reinforcement ratio c) Slab thickness d) Clear span

229) What is the role of shear connectors in composite slabs? a) To enhance shear resistance b) To
increase the flexural strength c) To control deflection d) To improve bondbetween concrete and steel
beams

230) What is the recommended spacing of shear reinforcement in a slab for effective shear resistance?
a) 100 mm b) 150 mm c) 200 mm d) Varies depending on design requirements

231) Which type of slab is designed to distribute the load in two directions perpendicularto each other?
a) Flat slab b) One-way slab c) Two-way slab d) Ribbed slab

232) What is the main design consideration for slabs subjected to flexure? a) Control of deflection b)
Shear resistance c) Torsional strength d) Punching shear resistance

233) Which design method is commonly used for the flexural design of slabs in your country or
region? a) Working Stress Design (WSD) b) Ultimate Limit State (ULS) design

c) Limit State Design (LSD) d) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

234) How is the effective span of a slab determined for flexural design? a) Distance between supports
plus the effective depth b) Distance between supports minus the effective depth c) Distance between
supports divided by the effective depth d) Distance between supports multiplied by the effective depth

235) In the design of a two-way slab, what is the critical section for shear design? a) Midspan of the
slab b) Support regions c) Near columns d) It varies depending on the loadarrangement

236) Which factor has the most significant influence on the shear strength of a slab? a) Concrete
compressive strength b) Steel reinforcement ratio c) Slab thickness d) Clear span

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

237) What is the role of stirrups in slab design for shear? a) To enhance flexural strength

b) To control deflection c) To improve bond between concrete and reinforcement d) To increase shear
resistance

238) What is the recommended minimum thickness of a one-way slab to controldeflection? a) 100
mm b) 125 mm c) 150 mm d) 175 mm

239) Which type of reinforcement is commonly provided to control temperature and shrinkage cracks
in slabs? a) Main reinforcement b) Distribution reinforcement c) Temperature reinforcement d) Shear
reinforcement

240) In the design of a flat slab, what is the typical method used to transfer shear forces between slab
and columns? a) Shear reinforcement b) Column capitals c) Drop panels d) Stiffening beams

241) According to ES EN, what is the minimum thickness requirement for a one-way solid slab? a)
100 mm b) 125 mm c) 150 mm d) 175 mm

242) In ES EN, what is the characteristic strength of concrete assumed for the design of slabs? a) fck
= 20 MPa b) fck = 25 MPa c) fck = 30 MPa d) fck = 35 MPa

243) How is the design bending moment in a slab calculated for flexure design accordingto ES EN? a)
Factored loads and coefficients b) Elastic analysis and equilibrium equations

c) Limit state design principles d) Moment redistribution methods

244) In ES EN, what is the minimum required reinforcement ratio for a one-way slab? a) 0.5% b)
0.8% c) 1.0% d) 1.5%

245) According to ES EN, how is the punching shear resistance of a slab calculated? a) Using a
simplified method b) By performing a detailed finite element analysis c) By considering critical sections
near the supports d) By employing empirical equations

246) In ES EN, what is the recommended spacing of shear reinforcement in slabs for effective shear
resistance? a) 100 mm b) 150 mm c) 200 mm d) Varies depending on designrequirements

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

247) How is the required slab thickness for deflection control determined in ES EN? a) By
considering span-to-depth ratios b) By performing an elastic analysis c) By employing moment
redistribution methods d) By using empirical formulas

248) According to ES EN, what is the minimum reinforcement ratio required for shear reinforcement
in slabs? a) 0.1% b) 0.2% c) 0.3% d) 0.4%

249) In ES EN, what is the role of minimum reinforcement in slabs? a) To control deflection b) To
increase the flexural strength c) To enhance shear resistance d) To improvebond between concrete and
reinforcement

250) How is the effective span of a slab determined for flexural design in ES EN? a) Distance between
supports plus the effective depth b) Distance between supports minus the effective depth c) Distance
between supports divided by the effective depth d) Distancebetween supports multiplied by the effective
depth

Answers:

1. c) Elastic modulus

2. d) Modulus of elasticity

3. d) Tensile strength

4. a) Yield strength

5. b) The aggregates provide tensile strength

6. c) Yield strength

7. d) All of the above

8. c) Flexural strength

9. d) Improve the structural strength and load-carrying capacity

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

10. d) All of the above

11. c) Elastic modulus

12. d) Modulus of elasticity

13. d) Tensile strength

14. a) Yield strength

15. b) The aggregates provide tensile strength

16. c) Yield strength

17. d) All of the above

18. c) Flexural strength

19. d) Improve the structural strength and load-carrying capacity

20. d) All of the above

21. c) Compressive strength

22. a) Cylinder

23. d) Air content

24. c) Flexural strength

25. a) Reinforcing steel

26. a) Toughness

27. b) Its ability to resist deformation under compressive forces

28. d) All of the above

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

29. d) Concrete's lateral deformation when subjected to axial loading

30. a) It is an indicator of concrete's resistance to cracking

31. b) Density

32. c) Compressive strength

33. b) Megapascals (MPa)

34. d) Air content

35. b) Tensile strength

36. a) Reinforcing steel

37. a) Toughness

38. c) Ability to return to its original shape after deformation

39. d) All of the above

40. a) To improve its workability

41. Tensile strength

42. d) Megapascals (MPa)

43. c) Steel thickness

44. b) To increase the tensile strength of concrete

45. a) Ductility

46. d) Deformed steel

47. d) Surface coating

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48. b) To protect the steel from corrosion

49. b) Elasticity

50. a) Yield strength

51. Force Method

52. a) Elastic design method

53. a) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

54. a) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

55. d) Serviceability Limit State Design method

56. a) Trial and error method

57. a) ACI 318 method

58. c) Moment Redistribution method

59. c) Ultimate Strength Design method

60. a) Finite Element Method (FEM)

61. a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

62. c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD)

63. d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

64. b) Limit State Design (LSD)

65. b) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

66. d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

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67. c) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD)

68. b) Limit State Design (LSD)

69. d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD)

70. b) Limit State Design (LSD)

71. Answer: a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Explanation: Allowable Stress Design (ASD)is a design
method that compares calculated stresses in a structure with the allowable stresses for the given
material. It ensures that the stresses in the structure do not exceed the safe limits of the material.

72. Answer: c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) Explanation: Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD)
considers the ultimate strength of a structure, accounting for both strength and serviceability
requirements. It ensures that the structure can withstand the maximum expected loads and remain safe
under extreme conditions.

73. Answer: d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Serviceability Limit State Design
(SLSD) aims to ensure that a structure remains functional and meets specificserviceability criteria, such
as deflection limits, vibration control, and occupant comfort. It focuses on the usability and
performance of the structure under normal service conditions.

74. Answer: b) Limit State Design (LSD) Explanation: Limit State Design (LSD) incorporatessafety factors
and load combinations to ensure the safety of a structure under different loading conditions. It considers
both strength and serviceability limit states to ensure the structure's performance within acceptable
limits.

75. Answer: d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Special Limit State Design (SLSD) is
concerned with extreme or unusual events, such as earthquakes or explosions, and their effects on a
structure. It involves additional considerations and requirements to ensure the structure's safety and
performance under such exceptional circumstances.

76. Answer: d) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Serviceability Limit State Design
(SLSD) involves assessing the durability, long-term performance, andmaintenance requirements of a

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structure. It ensures that the structure can maintain its functionality and meet serviceability criteria over
its design life.

77. Answer: a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Explanation: Allowable Stress Design (ASD)is commonly
used in the design of steel structures. It considers the strength and behavior of steel materials and
compares the calculated stresses with the allowable stresses for the specific material.

78. Answer: c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) Explanation: Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD)
focuses on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of a structure and its ability to resist collapse or failure.
It ensures that the structure can withstand the maximum expectedloads and remain stable under extreme
conditions.

79. Answer: d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Special Limit State Design (SLSD)
accounts for exceptional loads or conditions that may occur rarely but have significant consequences
for the structure. It involves additional design considerations andrequirements to ensure the structure's
safety and performance under such rare events.

80. Answer: d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Special Limit State Design (SLSD)
ensures that a structure meets specific criteria related to fire resistance and safety in the event of a fire.
It involves incorporating fire-resistant materials, fire protection systems, and structural measures to
maintain the structural integrity during a fire.

81. Answer: b) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Explanation: Load and ResistanceFactor Design
(LRFD) accounts for uncertainties in material properties and loads by incorporating safety factors.
It ensures the safety of the structure by considering both the applied loads and the resistance of the
structural elements.

82. Answer: c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) Explanation: Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD)
focuses on determining the maximum load that a structure can sustain without failure or collapse. It
ensures that the structure can withstand the most severe loading conditions.

83. Answer: c) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Serviceability Limit State Design
(SLSD) aims to prevent excessive deflections, vibrations, and deformations in a structure. It ensures

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user comfort, functionality, and the integrity of non-structural elements.

84. Answer: d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Special Limit State Design (SLSD) takes
into account the specific requirements for exceptional loads or unusual events. It involves additional
considerations to ensure the structure's safety and performance under these exceptional circumstances.

85. Answer: c) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Serviceability Limit State Design
(SLSD) ensures that a structure remains serviceable and functional throughout its design life. It
considers factors such as durability, maintenance, and user comfort.

86. Answer: a) Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Explanation: Allowable Stress Design (ASD) relies on
permissible stresses or allowable stress limits for different materials. It ensures the structural integrity
of the design by comparing the calculated stresses with theallowable limits.

87. Answer: b) Limit State Design (LSD) Explanation: Limit State Design (LSD) considers both strength
and serviceability requirements, ensuring that the structure performs within acceptable limits. It
accounts for the ultimate strength and deformation limits of the structural elements.

88. Answer: d) Special Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Special Limit State Design (SLSD)
involves assessing the resistance and strength of the structure against exceptionalloads or conditions. It
considers specific requirements and additional design considerations for such events.

89. Answer: c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) Explanation: Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD)
accounts for the ultimate strength and failure modes of a structure under various load combinations. It
ensures that the structure can withstand the most severe loading conditions without failure.

90. Answer: c) Serviceability Limit State Design (SLSD) Explanation: Serviceability Limit State Design
(SLSD) focuses on evaluating the structure's safety and performance under normal, everyday loads and
usage conditions. It ensures that the structure remains functional and meets the required serviceability
criteria.

91. d) Bending moment

92. a) Plane sections remain plane after bending

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93. c) Bending moment capacity

94. b) Ultimate limit state

95. c) Limit State Design (LSD)

96. a) σ = M / I

97. b) Area moment of inertia

98. c) To resist bending and control cracks

99. c) Crack width limitation

100. b) To assess the bending capacity of the beam

101. c) ES EN 1992: Design of Concrete Structures

102. b) Dead load

103. c) Bending moment capacity

104. b) Serviceability limit state105. b)

0.2%

106. d) Rd = (fM)/γf

107. a) Crack width limitation

108. b) Elastic calculation method

109. b) Clause 2

110. b) 300 mm

111. In ES EN, which design method is commonly used for the design of beams underflexure?
Answer: c) Ultimate Limit State Design (ULSD) Explanation: ULSD is the design method recommended

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by ES EN for beams under flexure. It ensures that the structure can safely carry the ultimate loads
without experiencing excessive deformation or failure.

112. According to ES EN, what is the symbol used to represent the design bending moment in a
beam? Answer: a) M_d Explanation: M_d is the symbol used in ES EN to represent the design bending
moment in a beam. It is calculated based on the applied loadsand governs the design of the beam's cross-
section.

113. Which property of a beam section influences its resistance to bending, according to ES EN?
Answer: b) Section modulus Explanation: The section modulus of a beam sectiondirectly influences its
resistance to bending. It is a measure of the stiffness of the cross- sectional shape and is calculated as
the moment of inertia divided by the distance from theneutral axis.

114. What is the formula to calculate the design bending stress in a beam under flexure,according to
ES EN? Answer: a) σ = M_d / Z Explanation: The design bending stress in abeam under flexure is
calculated by dividing the design bending moment (M_d) by the section modulus (Z). This formula is
used to ensure that the stress in the beam is within the allowable limits.

115. According to ES EN, which limit state considers the risk of brittle failure in the design of beams
for flexure? Answer: c) Brittle fracture limit state Explanation: The Brittlefracture limit state is the limit
state considered in the design of beams for flexure to preventbrittle failure, particularly in materials like
concrete. It ensures that the beam has sufficientductility to avoid sudden failure without warning.

116. What is the purpose of providing reinforcement in a beam for flexure, according toES EN?
Answer: c) To resist bending and control cracks Explanation: The primary purpose of providing
reinforcement in a beam for flexure is to resist the bending moments induced by applied loads.
Additionally, the reinforcement helps control cracks that may develop due to bending and enhance the
overall structural performance.

117. Which ES EN provision ensures that the deflection of a beam under flexure is within acceptable
limits? Answer: a) Deflection limit check Explanation: The Deflection limit check provision in ES EN
ensures that the deflection of a beam under flexure does not exceed the permissible limits. Excessive

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deflection can affect the serviceability and functionality of the structure.

118. According to ES EN, what is the recommended method to calculate the deflection of a beam
subjected to flexure? Answer: b) Elastic calculation method Explanation: The Elastic calculation
method is the recommended method in ES EN to calculate the deflection of a beam under flexure. It
considers the elastic behavior of the materials and provides a conservative estimate of the deflection.

119. In ES EN, what is the recommended minimum cover for reinforcement in beams subjected to
flexure? Answer: b) 20 mm Explanation: ES EN recommends a minimum cover of 20 mm for
reinforcement in beams subjected to flexure. The cover protects the reinforcement from corrosion and
ensures adequate fire resistance.

120. According to ES EN, what is the recommended minimum clear span-to-depth ratiofor a simply
supported beam subjected to flexure? Answer: c) 20 Explanation: ES EN recommends a minimum clear
span-to-depth ratio of

121. b) 0.90

122. a) fck (cylinder compressive strength)

123. c) 0.4%

124. c) The distance between supports

125. b) Span/200

126. a) Based on the maximum allowable tensile strain

127. b) wmax = k * ε

128. a) By considering the maximum shear force

129. d) By using the simplified stress block method

130. b) 20 mm

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131. d) Finite element method

132. b) A parabolic curve

133. b) M_max = (wL^2) / 4

134. a) Determining the support reactions

135. c) Limit state design (LSD)

136. c) To control cracking and provide tensile strength137. c)

1.5

138. a) As = (M_max * d) / (0.87 * fy)

139. a) Longitudinal reinforcement

140. a) Deflection

141. d) σ = M * y / S

142. a) It is the location with zero stress in the beam.

143. a) The applied moment should not exceed the moment capacity of the beam.

144. a) To resist shear forces.

145. b) Beam depth.

146. a) Applied loads.

147. a) 0.5%

148. d) Moment-area method.

149. c) To identify the internal forces and moments in the beam.

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150. a) It ensures that the beam performs adequately during its service life.

151. A beam requires four bars with a diameter of 14 mm. If 16 mm diameter bars are used instead,
the number of bars needed to maintain the same total area of steel reinforcement is: Answer: c) Five
bars

152. If 20 mm diameter bars are used instead, the number of bars needed to maintain thesame total
area of steel reinforcement is: Answer: c) Four bars

153. According to the Ethiopian design code, the minimum concrete cover required for the
reinforcement in a beam subjected to flexure is: Answer: b) 20 mm

154. The purpose of providing stirrups in the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete beam is:
Answer: c) To enhance the beam's resistance to shear forces

155. A simply supported beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load undergoes which type of
bending? Answer: d) Sagging bending

156. The equation used to calculate the maximum bending moment (M) in a beam subjected to a
uniformly distributed load (w) over a length (L) and supported at both endsis: Answer: b) M = wL² / 12

157. According to the Ethiopian design code, the recommended design strength reduction factor (φ)
for flexural design of reinforced concrete beams is: Answer: a) 0.85

158. The purpose of calculating the moment of inertia (I) in the design of a reinforced concrete beam
is: Answer: b) To determine the maximum bending moment

159. In the ultimate limit state design of beams for flexure, the characteristic strength ofthe concrete
used in determining the design moment capacity is: Answer: a) Cylinder compressive strength (fck)

160. The purpose of providing compression reinforcement (stirrups) when designing a reinforced
concrete beam for flexure is: Answer: c) To enhance the beam's resistance to shear forces

161. What is shear in the context of beam design? Answer: c) The force that acts perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of a beam

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162. Which factor affects shear strength in a reinforced concrete beam? Answer: d) Shear
reinforcement provided

163. What is the formula for calculating the shear stress (τ) in a beam? Answer: d) τ = V / (2 × b ×
d)

164. According to design codes, what is the minimum shear reinforcement required for a beam?
Answer: b) 1% of the beam's cross-sectional area

165. When designing a beam for shear, what is the purpose of providing shear reinforcement such as
stirrups? Answer: c) To enhance the beam's resistance to shear forces

166. In the analysis and design of a simply supported beam subjected to a concentrated load, where
does the maximum shear occur? Answer: b) At the support of the beam

167. What is the critical section for shear design in a beam? Answer: b) The location where the shear
force is maximum

168. What is the term used to describe the failure of a beam due to shear forces? Answer:

c) Shear failure

169. According to design codes, what is the recommended minimum concrete cover for shear
reinforcement in a beam? Answer: b) 20 mm

170. What is the equation used to calculate the shear capacity (Vc) of a reinforcedconcrete
beam? Answer: a) Vc = (0.6 × √(fck) × bw × d) / γc

171. c) Beam depth

172. a) τ = V / (bw × d)

173. c) To enhance the beam's resistance to shear forces

174. d) 200 mm

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175. b) At the support of the beam

176. b) At the support of the beam

177. c) Shear failure

178. b) 20 mm

179. a) Vc = Vc_max - Vs

180. a) Shear stress

181. b) To resist bending moments

182. c) Ultimate Limit State (ULS) design

183. b) M = fcu × b × d^2 / 2

184. a) Clear span

185. b) Stirrups or shear reinforcement

186. b) Support regions

187. c) Slab thickness

188. b) 20 mm

189. b) Equivalent Frame Method

190. a) To enhance the slab's resistance to shear forces

191. b) Along the longer span

192. b) Ultimate Limit State (ULS) design

193. d) M = fy × As × (d - 0.5 × effective depth)

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194. b) Support regions

195. b) To enhance the slab's resistance to shear forces

196. c) Slab thickness

197. b) Stirrups or shear reinforcement

198. b) 15 mm

199. b) Equivalent Frame Method

200. c) To enhance the slab's resistance to shrinkage cracks

201. c) Bending moment capacity

202. a) Equivalent frame method

203. a) At the column strip

204. a) By providing shear reinforcement

205. b) Stirrups or shear reinforcement

206. c) To enhance the slab's resistance to cracking207. b)

0.002

208. b) L/300

209. d) To induce precompression in the slab

210. b) Steel reinforcement ratio

211. b) To enhance the flexural strength

212. b) Limit State Design (LSD)

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213. a) Midspan of the slab

214. a) Based on serviceability criteria

215. c) Slab thickness

216. c) To enhance shear resistance

217. b) 15 mm

218. b) The strut-and-tie method

219. c) Based on load-carrying capacity

220. c) To enhance the slab's resistance to temperature-induced cracking

221. c) Flat slab

222. a) In the shorter span direction

223. d) Flexural cracking failure

224. a) Elastic analysis

225. a) To control deflection

226. d) Other (specify)

227. c) Based on the span-to-depth ratio

228. b) Steel reinforcement ratio

229. a) To enhance shear resistance

230. d) Varies depending on design requirements

231. c) Two-way slab

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232. a) Control of deflection

233. c) Limit State Design (LSD)

234. b) Distance between supports minus the effective depth

235. d) It varies depending on the load arrangement

236. c) Slab thickness

237. d) To increase shear resistance

238. c) 150 mm

239. c) Temperature reinforcement

240. c) Drop panels

241. b) 125 mm

242. c) fck = 30 MPa

243. a) Factored loads and coefficients244. b)

0.8%

244. a)

Question on column design

1) In column design, what is the primary design consideration? a) Flexural strength

b) Shear strength c) Axial strength d) Torsional strength

2) Which factor affects the selection of column reinforcement? a) Slenderness ratio

b) Concrete compressive strength c) Column height d) Load type

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

3) What is the recommended minimum eccentricity for the design of a reinforced concrete column? a) 0 mm
b) 25 mm c) 50 mm d) 75 mm

4) Which of the following factors is considered in determining the effective lengthof a column? a) Support
conditions b) Column material c) Column diameter d) Reinforcement layout

5) In column design, what is the purpose of providing column ties or spiral reinforcement? a) To increase the
axial strength b) To resist flexural bending c) To enhance shear resistance d) To prevent corrosion

6) What is the minimum clear spacing between adjacent vertical bars in a reinforcedconcrete column? a) 10 mm
b) 20 mm c) 30 mm d) 40 mm

7) Which design approach is commonly used for slender columns? a) Working stress design b) Ultimate
strength design c) Load and resistance factor design d)Limit state design

8) What is the recommended minimum percentage of longitudinal reinforcement forcolumn design? a) 0.5% b)
1% c) 2% d) 3%

9) Which parameter is used to evaluate the slenderness of a column? a) Modulus ofelasticity b) Moment of
inertia c) Aspect ratio d) Poisson's ratio

10) What is the purpose of providing column capital or corbel in column design?

a) To distribute loads to the foundation b) To increase the column height c) To improve aesthetics d) To
provide additional reinforcement

11) Which of the following factors influences the design of a column? a) Columnheight b) Axial load c)
Slenderness ratio d) All of the above

12) What is the primary failure mode considered in column design? a) Flexural failure b) Shear failure c)
Axial failure d) Torsional failure

13) What is the recommended minimum eccentricity for the design of a reinforcedconcrete column? a) 0 mm
b) 25 mm c) 50 mm d) 75 mm

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

14) Which design approach is used in Eurocode for column design? a) Working stress design b) Ultimate
limit state design c) Allowable stress design d) Load and resistance factor design

15) In Eurocode, what is the minimum clear spacing between vertical bars in areinforced concrete
column? a) 10 mm b) 20 mm c) 30 mm d) 40 mm

16) Which parameter is used to evaluate the slenderness of a column? a) Modulusof elasticity b) Moment of
inertia c) Aspect ratio d) Poisson's ratio

17) In column design, what is the purpose of providing transverse reinforcement?

a) To increase the axial load capacity b) To resist flexural bending c) To enhanceshear resistance d) To prevent
corrosion

18) What is the recommended minimum percentage of longitudinal reinforcement for column design in
Eurocode? a) 0.5% b) 1% c) 2% d) 3%

19) Which design method is used to consider the effects of second-order analysisin Eurocode? a) Linear
static analysis b) Linear elastic analysis c) Second-order analysis d) Nonlinear analysis

20) What is the purpose of providing column base plates in column design? a) Todistribute loads to the
foundation b) To increase the column height c) To provideadditional reinforcement d) To improve aesthetics

21) In column design, what is the primary consideration for determining the column dimensions? a) Axial
load capacity b) Flexural strength c) Shear resistance d) Slenderness ratio

22) Which parameter is used to assess the stability of a column? a) Modulus of elasticity b) Moment of
inertia c) Slenderness ratio d) Yield strength

23) What is the purpose of providing column reinforcement? a) Increase column height b) Enhance
durability c) Improve aesthetics d) Enhance load-carrying capacity

24) In column design, what is the typical shape of longitudinal reinforcement? a)Straight bars b) Circular
bars c) Spiral reinforcement d) Stirrups

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

25) Which design approach is commonly used for column design? a) Working stress design b) Ultimate
limit state design c) Load and resistance factor design

d) Allowable stress design

26) What is the recommended minimum clear cover for column reinforcement?

a) 10 mm b) 20 mm c) 30 mm d) 40 mm

27) What is the purpose of providing column ties or hoops in column design? a) Increase axial load capacity
b) Enhance flexural strength c) Improve durability

d) Resist shear forces

28) Which load combination is typically used for ultimate strength design of columns? a) Dead load only
b) Live load only c) Dead load and wind load d) Dead load, live load, and earthquake load

29) What is the recommended minimum reinforcement ratio for column design? a) 0.5% b) 1% c) 2% d)
3%

30) What is the purpose of column capital or corbel in column design? a) Enhancecolumn stability b) Improve
architectural aesthetics c) Distribute loads to the foundation d) Provide additional reinforcement

Answer

1) In column design, what is the primary design consideration? Answer: c) Axial strength

2) Which factor affects the selection of column reinforcement? Answer: a) Slendernessratio

3) What is the recommended minimum eccentricity for the design of a reinforced concrete column?
Answer: c) 50 mm

4) Which of the following factors is considered in determining the effective length of acolumn?
Answer: a) Support conditions

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

5) In column design, what is the purpose of providing column ties or spiral reinforcement?Answer: c)
To enhance shear resistance

6) What is the minimum clear spacing between adjacent vertical bars in a reinforcedconcrete
column? Answer: b) 20 mm

7) Which design approach is commonly used for slender columns? Answer: d) Limit statedesign

8) What is the recommended minimum percentage of longitudinal reinforcement for column

design? Answer: c) 2%

9) Which parameter is used to evaluate the slenderness of a column? Answer: c) Aspectratio

10) What is the purpose of providing column capital or corbel in column design? Answer:

a) To distribute loads to the foundation

11) d) All of the above

12) c) Axial failure

13) b) 25 mm

14) b) Ultimate limit state design

15) c) 30 mm

16) c) Aspect ratio

17) c) To enhance shear resistance 18) d)

3%

19) c) Second-order analysis

20) a) To distribute loads to the foundation

21) d) Slenderness ratio

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

22) c) Slenderness ratio

23) d) Enhance load-carrying capacity

24) c) Spiral reinforcement

25) b) Ultimate limit state design

26) b) 20 mm

27) d) Resist shear forces

28) d) Dead load, live load, and earthquake load29) c) 2%

30) c) Distribute loads to the foundation

31) Which parameter is primarily considered in determining the dimensions of a column? a) Axial load b)
Bending moment c) Shear force d) Slenderness ratio Answer: d) Slenderness ratio

32) What is the recommended minimum clear cover for column reinforcement?

a) 10 mm b) 20 mm c) 30 mm d) 40 mmAnswer: b) 20 mm

33) Which type of reinforcement is commonly used in columns to resist lateral loads? a) Longitudinal bars
b) Stirrups c) Tendons d) Shear links

Answer: b) Stirrups

34) In column design, what does the slenderness ratio represent? a) Ratio of column height to width b) Ratio
of column height to effective length c) Ratio of column width to effective length d) Ratio of column depth
to effective length Answer: b) Ratio of column height to effective length

35) What is the primary failure mode considered in the design of columns? a)Flexural failure b) Shear
failure c) Buckling failure d) Torsional failure Answer: a) Flexural failure

36) Which design method is commonly used for column design? a) Working stress design b) Ultimate limit

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state design c) Allowable stress design d) Load and resistance factor design

Answer: b) Ultimate limit state design

37) What is the purpose of column ties or hoops in column design? a) To increaseaxial load capacity b) To
enhance flexural strength c) To improve durability d) To resist shear forces

Answer: d) To resist shear forces

38) What is the recommended minimum reinforcement ratio for column design? a) 0.5% b) 1% c) 2% d)
3%

Answer: c) 2%

39) Which load combination is typically considered for the design of columns? a)Dead load only b) Live
load only c) Dead load and wind load d) Dead load, liveload, and earthquake load

Answer: d) Dead load, live load, and earthquake load

40) What is the purpose of providing column capitals or corbels in column design?

a) To enhance column stability b) To improve architectural aesthetics c) Todistribute loads to the

foundation d) To provide additional reinforcement Answer: a) To enhance column stability

41) What is the primary function of a column in a structural system? a) To resistvertical loads b) To provide
lateral stability c) To transfer loads to the foundation

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

42) Which factor is considered in determining the effective length of a column?

a) Slenderness ratio b) Modulus of elasticity c) Moment of inertia d) Cross-sectional area

Answer: a) Slenderness ratio

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

43) In column design, what is the typical failure mode considered? a) Flexuralfailure b) Shear failure c)
Buckling failure d) Torsional failure

Answer: c) Buckling failure

44) What is the minimum concrete strength typically required for column design?

a) 20 MPa b) 25 MPa c) 30 MPa d) 35 MPaAnswer: c) 30 MPa

45) Which design approach is commonly used for column design? a) Workingstress design b) Ultimate
limit state design c) Load and resistance factor design

d) Allowable stress design

Answer: b) Ultimate limit state design

46) What is the purpose of column reinforcement? a) To increase axial load capacity b) To enhance flexural
strength c) To resist shear forces d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

47) What is the recommended minimum clear cover for column reinforcement?

a) 15 mm b) 20 mm c) 25 mm d) 30 mmAnswer: b) 20 mm

48) Which load combination is typically used for ultimate strength design of columns? a) Dead load only
b) Live load only c) Dead load and wind load d) Dead load, live load, and earthquake load

Answer: d) Dead load, live load, and earthquake load

49) What is the recommended minimum reinforcement ratio for column design? a) 0.5% b) 1% c) 2% d)
3%

Answer: c) 2%

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

50) What is the purpose of column capitals or corbels in column design? a) To enhance architectural
aesthetics b) To provide additional reinforcement c) To enhance column stability d) To distribute loads to
the foundation

Answer: c) To enhance column stability

51) What is the primary purpose of column design in a structural system? a) To support the roof b) To
provide aesthetic appeal c) To resist vertical loads and provide stability d) To distribute the load to the
foundation

Answer: c) To resist vertical loads and provide stability

52) What is the typical shape of a column cross-section? a) Circular b) Rectangular c) T-shaped d) I-shaped

Answer: b) Rectangular

53) What is the critical parameter considered in determining the column size? a) Bending moment b) Axial
load c) Shear force d) Slenderness ratio

Answer: b) Axial load

54) Which type of reinforcement is commonly used in column design? a) Longitudinal bars b) Stirrups c)
Tendons d) Shear links

Answer: a) Longitudinal bars

55) What is the recommended minimum clear cover for column reinforcement?

a) 10 mm b) 20 mm c) 30 mm d) 40 mmAnswer: b) 20 mm

56) What is the primary failure mode considered in the design of columns? a)Flexural failure b) Shear
failure c) Buckling failure d) Torsional failure Answer: c) Buckling failure

57) Which design method is commonly used for column design? a) Working stress design b) Ultimate limit
state design c) Allowable stress design d) Load and resistance factor design

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Answer: b) Ultimate limit state design

58) What is the purpose of providing column ties or hoops in column design? a) To increase axial load
capacity b) To enhance flexural strength c) To improve durability d) To resist shear forces

Answer: d) To resist shear forces

59) What is the recommended minimum reinforcement ratio for column design? a) 0.5% b) 1% c) 2% d)
3%

Answer: c) 2%

60) What is the purpose of providing column capitals or corbels in column design?

a) To enhance column stability b) To improve architectural aesthetics c) To distribute loads to the foundation
d) To provide additional reinforcement

Answer: a) To enhance column stability

61) Which of the following is NOT a primary consideration in column design? A)Axial load B) Flexural load
C) Shear load D) Torsional load

Answer: D) Torsional load

62) What is the most commonly used material for column construction? A) Steel

B) Concrete C) Timber D) AluminumAnswer: B) Concrete

63) The slenderness ratio of a column is defined as the ratio of: A) Column heightto cross-sectional area B)
Column height to moment of inertia C) Effective lengthto least radius of gyration D) Lateral displacement to
axial load

Answer: C) Effective length to least radius of gyration

64) Which of the following methods is used to analyze columns under axial loadand bending moments? A)

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Elastic analysis B) Plastic analysis C) Stiffness matrixanalysis D) Finite element analysis

Answer: A) Elastic analysis

65) What is the purpose of column reinforcement in reinforced concrete design?

A) To resist axial loads B) To resist shear forces C) To enhance the column's flexural strength D) To
improve durability against corrosion

Answer: C) To enhance the column's flexural strength

66) The design strength of a column is typically determined by: A) Elastic properties of the material B)
Ultimate load capacity of the column C) Allowablestress design criteria D) Deflection limits

Answer: C) Allowable stress design criteria

67) Which type of column failure occurs when the column is subjected to excessive axial compression,
leading to a sudden collapse? A) Buckling failure

B) Shear failure C) Flexural failure D) Crushing failureAnswer: D) Crushing

failure

68) In column design, what is the purpose of the concept of effective length? A) To determine the column's
slenderness ratio B) To calculate the axial load capacity C) To account for the end conditions and support
conditions D) To analyze the column's bending moment distribution

Answer: C) To account for the end conditions and support conditions

69) Which of the following factors does NOT affect column design? A) Loading conditions B) Material
properties C) Column shape and size D) Concrete curingtime

Answer: D) Concrete curing time

70) What is the primary purpose of providing column footings in structural design? A) To transfer the load
from the column to the foundation B) To increasethe column's slenderness ratio C) To enhance the column's

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lateral stability D) Toimprove the column's aesthetics

Answer: A) To transfer the load from the column to the foundation

Questions of design of flat slab

71) What is a flat slab in structural design? A) A slab with a uniform thickness and reinforced in both
directions B) A slab without any beams and directly supported by columns C) A slab with a sloped surface
for better drainage D) A slab designed to resist torsional loads

Answer: B) A slab without any beams and directly supported by columns

72) Which of the following is an advantage of using flat slabs in building design?

A) Enhanced architectural flexibility B) Reduced construction time C) Improvedfire resistance D) Higher load-
carrying capacity

Answer: A) Enhanced architectural flexibility

73) What is the primary purpose of drop panels in flat slab design? A) To reduce the slab's self-weight B)
To increase the overall slab thickness C) To enhance theslab's flexural capacity D) To provide additional
reinforcement at column locations

Answer: D) To provide additional reinforcement at column locations

74) Which of the following loads is of particular concern in flat slab design? A) Dead load B) Live load C)
Wind load D) Seismic load

Answer: B) Live load

75) Which reinforcement detailing technique is commonly used in flat slab design to control deflection and
enhance crack control? A) Post-tensioning B) Shear reinforcement C) Lapping reinforcement bars D)
Negative reinforcement

Answer: A) Post-tensioning

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76) What is the purpose of column capitals in flat slab design? A) To enhance theaesthetic appearance of
columns B) To improve the column's lateral stability C)To provide additional load transfer capacity D) To
reduce the shear forces on thecolumn

Answer: C) To provide additional load transfer capacity

77) Which type of column-head region is typically used to facilitate the continuity and load transfer in flat
slab construction? A) Drop panel B) Column capital C) Column corbel D) Shear stud

Answer: B) Column capital

78) Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using flat slabs in structural design? A) Limited
architectural options B) Increased construction cost

C) Reduced floor-to-floor height D) Lower load-carrying capacityAnswer: C) Reduced

floor-to-floor height

79) How the punching shear forces are typically resisted in flat slab design? A) Through increased slab
thickness B) By providing shear reinforcement C) By using post-tensioning tendons D) By using high-
strength concrete

Answer: B) By providing shear reinforcement

80) What is the recommended spacing for negative reinforcement in flat slab design? A) 300 mm to 450
mm B) 600 mm to 900 mm C) 1200 mm to 1500 mm

D) 1800 mm to 2100 mm Answer: A) 300 mm to

450 mm

81) Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a drop panel in flat slab design? A) It increases the
stiffness of the slab B) It reduces the overall weight of the slab C) It improves the aesthetic appearance of
the slab D) It enhances thefire resistance of the slab

Answer: A) It increases the stiffness of the slab

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82) What is the purpose of using a column capital in flat slab design? A) To distribute loads uniformly
across the slab B) To reduce the shear forces on the column C) To provide additional reinforcement around
column heads D) To improve the visual aesthetics of the column-slab junction

Answer: C) To provide additional reinforcement around column heads

83) Which of the following is a common method for improving the punching shear resistance in flat slabs?
A) Increasing the slab thickness B) Using high- strength concrete C) Adding shear reinforcement around
the columns D) Incorporating post-tensioning tendons in the slab

Answer: C) Adding shear reinforcement around the columns

84) What is the primary advantage of using post-tensioning in flat slab design?

A) Reduced construction time B) Increased fire resistance C) Enhanced architectural flexibility D) Improved
crack control and deflection control Answer: D) Improved crack control and deflection control

85) Which of the following statements about flat slabs is true? A) Flat slabs are not suitable for large spans.
B) Flat slabs can only be used in low-rise buildings.

C) Flat slabs offer more flexibility for building services installation. D) Flat slabsare more economical compared
to other types of slabs.

Answer: C) Flat slabs offer more flexibility for building services installation.

86) Which factor should be considered when determining the drop panel dimensions in flat slab design?
A) The column diameter B) The column height

C) The slab thickness D) The material properties of the slabAnswer: A) The column
diameter

87) In flat slab design, what is the purpose of providing negative reinforcement?

A) To control deflection and improve crack control B) To resist the shear forces in the slab C) To increase the

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load-carrying capacity of the slab D) To enhance the durability of the slab

Answer: A) To control deflection and improve crack control

88) Which type of column head is commonly used in flat slab design to facilitateeasy formwork removal?
A) Flat column head B) Tapered column head C) Conical column head D) Sloped column head

Answer: C) Conical column head

89) What is the typical range of slab thickness used in flat slab design? A) 100 mm to 150 mm B) 200 mm
to 250 mm C) 300 mm to 400 mm D) 500 mm to 600mm

Answer: B) 200 mm to 250 mm

90) Which type of reinforcement is commonly provided in the middle third of thespan in a flat slab? A)
Negative reinforcement B) Positive reinforcement C) Shearreinforcement D) Longitudinal reinforcement

Answer: D) Longitudinal reinforcement

91) Which of the following factors should be considered when determining the size and spacing of shear
reinforcement in a flat slab? A) Slab thickness B) Concrete strength C) Column dimensions D) All of the
above

Answer: D) All of the above

92) Question 2: What is the purpose of providing edge beams in a flat slab design?

A) To enhance the architectural aesthetics B) To increase the overall slab stiffness

B) To improve the punching shear resistance D) To reduce the construction cost

Answer: C) To improve the punching shear resistance

93) Question 3: What is the primary advantage of using drop panels in flat slab design? A) Increased
moment capacity at column-slab connections B) Enhancedfire resistance of the slab C) Improved crack

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control along the slab edges D) Higher load-carrying capacity of the slab

Answer: A) Increased moment capacity at column-slab connections

94) Which type of reinforcement is commonly used to control temperature and shrinkage cracking in flat
slabs? A) Longitudinal reinforcement B) Shear reinforcement C) Transverse reinforcement D) Negative
reinforcement

Answer: C) Transverse reinforcement

95) What is the purpose of providing column corbels in a flat slab design? A) Toincrease the overall slab
thickness B) To improve the column's lateral stability C)To accommodate architectural features near the
column-slab junction D) To reduce the punching shear forces on the column

Answer: C) To accommodate architectural features near the column-slab junction

96) Which of the following is a limitation of using flat slabs in seismic regions?

A) Increased vulnerability to flexural failure B) Greater susceptibility to shear failure C) Reduced ductility
compared to other slab systems D) Higher construction cost due to additional reinforcement

Answer: B) Greater susceptibility to shear failure

97) What is the purpose of providing construction joints in a flat slab design? A) To facilitate ease of
construction B) To enhance the aesthetics of the slab C) To improve the slab's load-carrying capacity D)
To control cracking due to temperature and shrinkage

Answer: D) To control cracking due to temperature and shrinkage

98) In flat slab design, what is the purpose of providing a drop panel below the column capital? A) To
reduce the punching shear forces on the column B) To increase the slab's flexural stiffness C) To improve
the slab's fire resistance D) To accommodate mechanical and electrical services

Answer: A) To reduce the punching shear forces on the column

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99) What is the recommended minimum thickness of a drop panel in flat slab design? A) 75 mm B) 100
mm C) 150 mm D) 200 mm

Answer: B) 100 mm

100) Which of the following is a disadvantage of using flat slabs in heavily loaded areas? A) Increased
construction time B) Limited architectural flexibility C) Higher construction cost D) Reduced serviceability
due to deflection

Answer: D) Reduced serviceability due to deflection

101) Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using flat slabs in seismic design? A) Greater
vulnerability to shear failure B) Increased construction cost C) Limited architectural flexibility D) Reduced
load-carrying capacity

Answer: A) Greater vulnerability to shear failure

102) What is the purpose of providing a drop panel in a flat slab design? A) To improve the aesthetics of the
slab B) To reduce the overall slab thickness C) To increase the shear capacity at column-slab connections
D) To enhance the slab'sflexural capacity

Answer: C) To increase the shear capacity at column-slab connections

103) Which of the following is a key consideration for designing column capitals in flat slab construction?
A) Enhancing the architectural appearance B) Improving the column's axial capacity C) Reducing the
construction time D) Facilitating the transfer of loads from the slab to the column

Answer: D) Facilitating the transfer of loads from the slab to the column

104) In flat slab design, what is the purpose of providing a drop panel reinforcementlayer above the column? A)
To resist the flexural forces in the slab B) To improvethe punching shear resistance C) To control cracking
due to temperature changes

D) To enhance the fire resistance of the slab

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Answer: B) To improve the punching shear resistance

105) Which of the following factors influences the decision to use flat slabs in construction? A) Floor-to-
floor height requirements B) Wind load calculations

C) Architectural preferences D) Soil bearing capacityAnswer: A) Floor-to-floor

height requirements

106) What is the primary function of the negative reinforcement in a flat slab design? A) To increase the
slab's bending capacity B) To enhance the shear strength of the slab C) To control cracking and improve
serviceability D) To improve the slab's fire resistance

Answer: C) To control cracking and improve serviceability

107) In flat slab construction, what is the purpose of providing a slab drop at the column location? A) To
reduce the overall weight of the slab B) To accommodateplumbing and electrical services C) To enhance the
architectural appearance D) To increase the shear capacity of the slab

Answer: D) To increase the shear capacity of the slab

108) Which of the following reinforcement detailing techniques is commonly usedto improve the punching
shear resistance in flat slabs? A) Placing shear studs at column-slab connections B) Providing transverse
reinforcement near column heads C) Using post-tensioning tendons in the slab D) Increasing the slab
thickness around columns

Answer: B) Providing transverse reinforcement near column heads

109) What is the primary purpose of providing a drop panel in a flat slab design?

A) To increase the slab's moment capacity B) To reduce the slab's deflection C)To improve the slab's
durability D) To enhance the slab's fire resistance Answer: A) To increase the slab's moment capacity

110) Which of the following is a potential advantage of using flat slabs in high-risebuildings? A) Enhanced
architectural flexibility B) Lower construction cost C) Improved resistance to seismic forces D) Reduced

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floor-to-floor height

Answer: D) Reduced floor-to-floor height

111) Which of the following factors affects the decision to use post-tensioning in flat slab design? A)
Architectural requirements B) Construction schedule C) Soilconditions D) Structural loads

Answer: A) Architectural requirements

112) What is the purpose of providing drop panel reinforcement in a flat slab design? A) To enhance the
punching shear resistance B) To control deflection and cracking C) To increase the flexural strength D) To
improve the fireresistance

Answer: B) To control deflection and cracking

113) Which of the following materials is commonly used for shear reinforcement in flat slabs? A) Fiber-
reinforced polymers (FRP) B) Structural steel C) Timber

D) Masonry

Answer: A) Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP)

114) What is the recommended maximum spacing between columns in a flat slab design? A) 6 meters B) 8
meters C) 10 meters D) 12 meters

Answer: C) 10 meters

115) In flat slab design, what is the primary function of the column drop? A) To reduce the slab thickness
B) To accommodate utilities and services C) To enhance the column's load-carrying capacity D) To improve
the punching shear resistance

Answer: D) To improve the punching shear resistance

116) Which of the following is a disadvantage of using flat slabs compared to otherslab systems? A) Limited
architectural freedom B) Reduced structural strength

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C) Higher construction cost D) Increased construction timeAnswer: A) Limited

architectural freedom

117) What is the purpose of providing a drop panel in flat slab design? A) To increase the overall height of
the slab B) To accommodate large openings in theslab C) To improve the lateral stability of the columns
D) To enhance the load transfer capacity at column-slab connections

Answer: D) To enhance the load transfer capacity at column-slab connections

118) Which of the following factors influences the determination of the slab thickness in flat slab design?
A) Fire rating requirements B) Live load intensity

C) Number of stories in the building D) Soil bearing capacityAnswer: B) Live load

intensity

119) In flat slab design, what is the purpose of providing column strips and middlestrips? A) To control
deflection and cracking B) To improve the punching shearresistance C) To distribute loads uniformly across
the slab D) To enhance the architectural appearance

Answer: C) To distribute loads uniformly across the slab

120) What is the typical range of the drop panel depth in a flat slab design? A) 50 mm to 100 mm B) 100 mm
to 200 mm C) 200 mm to 300 mm D) 300 mm to 400mm

Answer: B) 100 mm to 200 mm

121) Which of the following is a disadvantage of using drop panels in flat slab design? A) Increased
construction complexity B) Reduced fire resistance C) Higher material cost D) Decreased load-carrying
capacity Answer:

A) Increased construction complexity

122) Question 2: What is the purpose of providing a post-tensioning system in a flat slab design? A) To
reduce the overall slab thickness B) To increase the slab'sbending capacity C) To improve the fire resistance

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of the slab D) To enhance theslab's crack control and deflection control Answer: D) To enhance the slab's
crackcontrol and deflection control

123) Which of the following factors affects the determination of the drop panel sizein flat slab design? A)
Architectural requirements B) Seismic design category C)Slab thickness D) Material strength of the drop
panel

Answer: A) Architectural requirements

124) What is the primary function of the slab column head in a flat slab design?

A) To improve the punching shear resistance B) To enhance the slab's flexural strength C) To accommodate
architectural features D) To increase the load- carrying capacity of the slab

Answer: C) To accommodate architectural features

125) In flat slab design, what is the purpose of providing a drop cap below the droppanel? A) To improve the
punching shear resistance B) To increase the flexural capacity of the slab C) To enhance the architectural
appearance D) To reduce theconstruction cost

Answer: A) To improve the punching shear resistance

126) Which of the following factors influences the determination of the column strip width in a flat slab
design? A) Soil bearing capacity B) Slab thickness C) Architectural aesthetics D) Column height

Answer: D) Column height

127) What is the primary purpose of providing shear heads in a flat slab design? A)To enhance the punching
shear resistance B) To increase the slab's flexural strength C) To reduce the slab's deflection D) To improve
the fire resistance of the slab

Answer: A) To enhance the punching shear resistance

128) Which of the following is a disadvantage of using flat slabs in high-rise buildings? A) Reduced

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architectural flexibility B) Increased construction time C) Higher material cost D) Lower load-carrying
capacity

Answer: B) Increased construction time

129) What is the purpose of providing shear stirrups in a flat slab design? A) To enhance the slab's fire
resistance B) To improve the slab's aesthetic appearance

C) To increase the slab's flexural strength D) To resist the shear forces in the slabAnswer: D) To resist the shear
forces in the slab

130) Which of the following is a potential advantage of using flat slabs in construction? A) Reduced
formwork requirements B) Lower material cost C) Increased architectural freedom D) Enhanced seismic
performance

Answer: C) Increased architectural freedom

Questions on developing the collapse mechanism for beamand frame

131) What is the primary collapse mechanism for beams subjected to excessive bending moments? A) Shear
failure b) Buckling c) Torsional failure d) YieldingAnswer: a: Shear failure

132) How does the yield strength and ductility of the material affect beam collapsemechanisms? A) Higher
yield strength leads to brittle failure b) Higher yield strength leads to increased resistance to collapse c)
Ductility has no impact on beam collapse d) Ductility leads to sudden collapse without warning

Answer: b: Higher yield strength leads to increased resistance to collapse

133) What are the typical failure modes that can lead to the collapse of frame structures? A) Shear failure
only b) Column buckling only c) Member failure andjoint failure d) Torsional failure

Answer: c. Member failure and joint failure

134) How does the failure of a single frame member affect the overall collapse of the structure? A) It has no

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significant impact on the structure's collapse. B) It causes localized damage but does not lead to collapse.
C) It can initiate a progressive collapse. D) The structure remains stable despite the member failure.Answer:
c) It can initiate a progressive collapse.

135) What role does load distribution play in the collapse of both beams and frames? A) Load distribution
has no impact on collapse mechanisms. B) Unevenload distribution leads to localized failures. C) Uniform
load distribution preventscollapse. D) Load distribution affects the overall stability of the structure.Answer:
b) Uneven load distribution leads to localized failures.

136) How can structural design and reinforcement techniques help prevent collapsein beams and frames? A)
Structural design has no effect on collapse prevention.

B) Reinforcement techniques increase the likelihood of collapse. C) Proper design and reinforcement enhance
structural stability. D) Collapse prevention issolely dependent on material selection.

Answer: c) Proper design and reinforcement enhance structural stability.

137) What is the primary collapse mechanism for beams subjected to excessive bending moments? A) Shear
failure b) Buckling c) Yielding d) Fatigue failure Answer: a. Shear failure

138) b. How does the cross-sectional shape of a beam affect its collapse behavior?

A) It has no impact on collapse mechanisms. B) Certain shapes enhance

resistance to buckling. C) Circular shapes increase susceptibility to shear failure.

D) Beam shape only affects aesthetic appeal.

Answer: b. Certain shapes enhance resistance to buckling.

139) What are the typical failure modes that can lead to the collapse of frame structures? A) Shear failure
only b). Column buckling only c) Member failure and joint failure d). Torsional failure

Answer: c. Member failure and joint failure

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140) How does the redistribution of loads during the collapse process influence frame collapse mechanisms?
i. It has no impact on the collapse behavior. ii. Load redistribution leads to progressive collapse. iii.
Redistribution reduces the likelihood of collapse. iv. Load redistribution is not relevant to frame structures.
Answer: ii. Load redistribution leads to progressive collapse.

141) What role does material ductility play in the collapse of structures? i. Ductility has no influence on
collapse mechanisms. ii. High ductility leads to brittle failure. iii. Ductility allows for energy absorption
before collapse. iv. Material ductility only affects the construction process.

Answer: iii. Ductility allows for energy absorption before collapse.

142) How do connections and joints contribute to the collapse behavior of frame structures? i. Connections
have no impact on frame collapse mechanisms. ii. Weak joints increase frame stability. iii. Proper
connections enhance load transferand prevent collapse. iv. Joints only affect the ease of construction.

Answer: iii. Proper connections enhance load transfer and prevent collapse.

143) Which collapse mechanism is primarily associated with beams subjected to excessive shear forces? i.
Buckling ii. Torsional failure iii. Shear failure iv. Yielding

Answer: iii. Shear failure

144) How does the cross-sectional shape of a beam affect its collapse behavior? i.It has no impact on collapse
mechanisms. ii. Certain shapes enhance resistance to bending. iii. Beam shape affects the material's yield
strength. iv. Circular shapes are more susceptible to buckling.

Answer: ii. Certain shapes enhance resistance to bending.

145) What is the primary role of connections in preventing collapse in frame structures? i. Connections have
no impact on frame stability. ii. Connections resist torsional forces. iii. Connections facilitate load
redistribution. iv. Connections enhance material strength.

Answer: iii. Connections facilitate load redistribution.

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146) What failure modes can lead to the collapse of frame structures? i. Shear failure only ii. Column
buckling only iii. Member failure and joint failure iv. Torsional failure

Answer: iii. Member failure and joint failure

147) How does the failure of a single member affect the overall collapse of a framestructure? i. It has no
significant impact on the structure's collapse. ii. It initiatesa progressive collapse throughout the structure.
iii. It leads to localized damage but not complete collapse. iv. The structure remains stable despite the
member failure.

Answer: ii. It initiates a progressive collapse throughout the structure.

148) What role does load distribution play in the collapse of both beams and frames? i. Load distribution has
no impact on collapse mechanisms. ii. Uneven load distribution leads to localized failures. iii. Uniform load
distribution prevents collapse. iv. Load distribution affects the overall stability of the structure.

Answer: iv. Load distribution affects the overall stability of the structure.

149) What is the primary collapse mechanism for beams subjected to excessive bending moments? i. Shear
failure ii. Buckling iii. Torsional failure iv. YieldingAnswer: ii. Buckling

150) How does the material's yield strength affect beam collapse mechanisms? i. Higher yield strength leads
to increased resistance to collapse. ii. Higher yield strength increases the likelihood of brittle failure. iii. Yield
strength has no impacton beam collapse behavior. iv. Higher yield strength accelerates beam deformation.

Answer: i. Higher yield strength leads to increased resistance to collapse.

151) What role does column buckling play in the collapse of frame structures? i. Column buckling has no
impact on frame collapse mechanisms. ii. Column buckling primarily affects beam behavior. iii. Column
buckling can initiate a progressive collapse. iv. Column buckling leads to localized failures only. Answer:
iii. Column buckling can initiate a progressive collapse.

152) How do joint failures contribute to the collapse behavior of frame structures?

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i. Joint failures have no impact on frame collapse mechanisms. ii. Joint failures lead to localized damage but
not complete collapse. iii. Joint failures can result in the loss of load-bearing capacity. iv. Joint failures only
affect the ease of construction.

Answer: iii. Joint failures can result in the loss of load-bearing capacity.

153) What is the role of load redistribution in frame collapse mechanisms? i. Loadredistribution has no impact
on frame collapse behavior. ii. Load redistribution can accelerate the collapse process. iii. Proper load
redistribution can prevent progressive collapse. iv. Load redistribution primarily affects beam behavior.
Answer: iii. Proper load redistribution can prevent progressive collapse.

154) How can structural design and reinforcement techniques help prevent collapsein beams and frames? i.
Structural design and reinforcement have no impact on collapse prevention. ii. Reinforcement techniques
increase the likelihood of collapse. iii. Proper design and reinforcement enhance structural stability. iv.
Collapse prevention is solely dependent on material selection.

Answer: iii. Proper design and reinforcement enhance structural stability.

155) Which collapse mechanism is primarily associated with beams subjected to excessive shear forces? i.
Buckling ii. Torsional failure iii. Shear failure iv. Yielding

Answer: iii. Shear failure

156) How does the cross-sectional shape of a beam affect its collapse behavior? i.It has no impact on collapse
mechanisms. ii. Certain shapes enhance resistance to bending. iii. Beam shape affects the material's yield
strength. iv. Circular shapes are more susceptible to buckling.

Answer: ii. Certain shapes enhance resistance to bending.

157) What is the primary role of connections in preventing collapse in frame structures? i. Connections have
no impact on frame stability. ii. Connections resist torsional forces. iii. Connections facilitate load
redistribution. iv. Connections enhance material strength.

Answer: iii. Connections facilitate load redistribution.

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158) What failure modes can lead to the collapse of frame structures? i. Shear failure only ii. Column
buckling only iii. Member failure and joint failure iv. Torsional failure

Answer: iii. Member failure and joint failure

159) How does the failure of a single member affect the overall collapse of a framestructure? i. It has no
significant impact on the structure's collapse. ii. It initiatesa progressive collapse throughout the structure.
iii. It leads to localized damage but not complete collapse. iv. The structure remains stable despite the
member failure.

Answer: ii. It initiates a progressive collapse throughout the structure.

160) What role does load distribution play in the collapse of both beams and frames? i. Load distribution has
no impact on collapse mechanisms. ii. Uneven load distribution leads to localized failures. iii. Uniform load
distribution prevents collapse. iv. Load distribution affects the overall stability of the structure.

Answer: iv. Load distribution affects the overall stability of the structure.

Question of design the slab by yield line methods

161) What is the primary objective of using the yield line method in the design of slabs? i. To calculate the
deflection of the slab ii. To determine the bending moment distribution in the slab iii. To identify critical
failure patterns and calculate the ultimate load capacity iv. To optimize the reinforcement layout in the slab

Answer: iii. To identify critical failure patterns and calculate the ultimate load capacity

162) In the yield line method, how are the yield lines assumed to form in a slab? i.Along the shortest side of
the slab ii. Along the longest side of the slab iii. Parallelto the edges of the slab iv. Perpendicular to the applied
load or support lines Answer: iv. Perpendicular to the applied load or support lines

163) Which failure mechanism is most commonly considered in the yield line method for slab design? i.
Shear failure ii. Torsional failure iii. Flexural failure iv. Compression failure

Answer: ii. Torsional failure

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164) What is the significance of identifying critical yield lines in the yield line method? i. To determine the
deflection behavior of the slab ii. To determine the load distribution on the slab iii. To identify the locations
of maximum bending moments iv. To determine the amount and layout of reinforcement required Answer:
iv. To determine the amount and layout of reinforcement required

165) How does the yield line method handle concentrated loads on slabs? i. Concentrated loads are ignored
in the yield line method. ii. Concentrated loads are distributed uniformly across the slab. iii. Concentrated
loads are modeled as point loads at critical locations. iv. Concentrated loads are assumed to cause linear
yield lines.

Answer: iii. Concentrated loads are modeled as point loads at critical locations.

166) What is the role of yield line patterns in the design of slabs using the yield linemethod? i. Yield line
patterns determine the deflection behavior of the slab. ii. Yield line patterns indicate the locations of
maximum shear stress. iii. Yield linepatterns are used to calculate the ultimate load capacity of the slab. iv.
Yield linepatterns determine the size and shape of the slab.

Answer: iii. Yield line patterns are used to calculate the ultimate load capacity of the slab.

167) What is the primary advantage of using the yield line method for slab design?

i. It provides accurate prediction of the slab's deflection. ii. It ensures a higher load-carrying capacity
compared to other methods. iii. It allows for an efficient use of reinforcement. iv. It simplifies the calculation
of bending moments in theslab.

Answer: ii. It ensures a higher load-carrying capacity compared to other methods.

168) How are the yield lines determined in the yield line method for slab design?

i. They are assumed to form along the edges of the slab. ii. They are determinedbased on the anticipated failure
mechanism. iii. They are directly obtained fromthe analysis of deflection. iv. They are chosen arbitrarily by the
designer. Answer: ii. They are determined based on the anticipated failure mechanism.

169) In the yield line method, what type of failure is typically associated with theyield lines in a slab? i.
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Shear failure ii. Flexural failure iii. Torsional failure iv. Punching shear failure

Answer: iii. Torsional failure

170) What is the purpose of analyzing different yield line patterns in slab design?

i. To identify areas of potential shear reinforcement ii. To determine the slab's overall load-carrying
capacity iii. To calculate the deflection of the slab iv. To optimize the slab's reinforcement layout Answer:
ii. To determine the slab's overall load-carrying capacity

171) How are concentrated loads accounted for in the yield line method for slab design? i. Concentrated loads
are distributed over the entire slab area. ii. Concentrated loads are modeled as line loads along yield lines.
iii. Concentratedloads are ignored in the analysis. iv. Concentrated loads are modeled as point loads on
supports

Answer: ii. Concentrated loads are modeled as line loads along yield lines.

172) What is the purpose of determining the plastic moment capacity of the slab in the yield line method? i.
To verify if the slab meets serviceability requirements

ii. To calculate the required amount of reinforcement iii. To analyze the slab's deflection behavior iv. To
assess the slab's resistance to cracking.

Answer: ii. To calculate the required amount of reinforcement

173) What is the primary purpose of conducting a yield line analysis for slab design? i. To determine the
slab's deflection under load ii. To calculate the slab'sultimate load-carrying capacity iii. To assess the slab's
resistance to cracking iv.To optimize the layout of reinforcement in the slab

Answer: ii. To calculate the slab's ultimate load-carrying capacity

174) How are the yield lines chosen in the yield line method for slab design? i. They are assumed to be
uniformly distributed across the slab. ii. They are determined based on the geometry of the slab. iii. They
are chosen randomly bythe designer. iv. They are determined based on the anticipated failure mechanism.

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Answer: iv. They are determined based on the anticipated failure mechanism.

175) Which failure mode is primarily considered in the yield line method for slab design? i. Flexural failure
ii. Shear failure iii. Punching shear failure iv. Torsionalfailure

Answer: iv. Torsional failure

176) How does the presence of columns or supports affect the yield line pattern ina slab? i. It has no effect on
the yield line pattern. ii. It influences the location anddirection of yield lines. iii. It alters the overall load-
carrying capacity of the slab.

iv. It determines the slab's deflection behavior.

Answer: ii. It influences the location and direction of yield lines.

177) What is the purpose of reinforcing a slab in the yield line method? i. To increase the slab's stiffness and
reduce deflection ii. To prevent cracking and control shrinkage iii. To resist the tensile forces developed in
the yield lines iv. To improve the slab's resistance to shear failure

Answer: iii. To resist the tensile forces developed in the yield lines

178) How are the plastic moments calculated in the yield line method for slab design? i. By considering the
yield line angles and slab thickness ii. By analyzingthe deflection characteristics of the slab iii. By evaluating
the slab's shear strengthand reinforcement layout iv. By accounting for the compressive strength of the
concrete

Answer: i. By considering the yield line angles and slab thickness.

179) What is the main advantage of using the yield line method for slab design? i.It provides an accurate
prediction of the slab's deflection. ii. It considers the non-linear behavior of concrete. iii. It simplifies the
calculation of bending momentsin the slab. iv. It allows for an efficient use of reinforcement.

Answer: iv. It allows for an efficient use of reinforcement.

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180) How does the yield line method account for the material properties of concretein slab design? i. It assumes
the concrete to be infinitely strong in compression.

ii. It considers the concrete's tensile strength only. iii. It incorporates the concrete's yield stress in compression.
iv. It assumes the concrete to be linearly elastic.

Answer: i. It assumes the concrete to be infinitely strong in compression.

181) What is the primary failure mode addressed by the yield line method in slab design? i. Shear failure ii.
Flexural failure iii. Punching shear failure iv. Torsionalfailure

Answer: iv. Torsional failure

182) How are the yield lines determined in the yield line method? i. They are assumed to follow the path of
maximum shear stress. ii. They are determined based on the anticipated failure mechanism. iii. They are
calculated using the principles of plastic theory. iv. They are chosen arbitrarily by the designer. Answer:
ii. They are determined based on the anticipated failure mechanism.

183) How does the slab thickness affect the yield line pattern in the yield line method? i. thicker slabs result
in more complex yield line patterns. ii. Thicker slabs have fewer yield lines. iii. Slab thickness has no impact
on the yield line pattern. iv. Thicker slabs require additional reinforcement.

Answer: iii. Slab thickness has no impact on the yield line pattern.

184) What is the purpose of calculating the plastic moment capacity in the yield line method? i. To determine
the slab's deflection under load. ii. To assess the slab's resistance to cracking. iii. To determine the amount
of reinforcement required. iv. To analyze the slab's torsional behavior.

Answer: iii. To determine the amount of reinforcement required.

185) What is the primary objective of conducting a yield line analysis for slab design? i. To calculate the
maximum deflection of the slab ii. To determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the slab iii. To assess
the crack width control in the slab iv. To optimize the distribution of reinforcement in the slab

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Answer: ii. To determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the slab

186) How are the yield lines chosen in the yield line method for slab design? i. They are assumed to follow
the lines of zero shear stress in the slab. ii. They aredetermined based on the anticipated crack propagation
pattern. iii. They are assumed to be perpendicular to the applied load or support lines. iv. They are chosen
randomly based on the designer's preference. Answer: iii. They are assumed to be perpendicular to the
applied load or support lines.

187) In the yield line method, which type of failure is most critical for slabs? i. Flexural failure ii. Shear
failure iii. Torsional failure iv. Punching shear failure Answer: iii. Torsional failure

188) How does reinforcement help in preventing failure in the yield line method for slab design? i.
Reinforcement reduces deflection and increases stiffness of theslab. ii. Reinforcement provides resistance
against shear forces in the slab. iii. Reinforcement improves the crack control in the slab. iv. Reinforcement
enhances the flexural strength of the slab.

Answer: ii. Reinforcement provides resistance against shear forces in the slab.

189) How does the spacing of yield lines affect the load-carrying capacity of the slab? i. Closer spacing of
yield lines increases the load-carrying capacity. ii. Wider spacing of yield lines increases the load-carrying
capacity. iii. The spacingof yield lines has no effect on the load-carrying capacity. iv. The spacing of yield
lines affects the deflection but not the load capacity.

Answer: i. Closer spacing of yield lines increases the load-carrying capacity.

190) What is the role of boundary conditions in the yield line method for slab design? i. Boundary conditions
influence the crack pattern in the slab. ii. Boundary conditions affect the distribution of reinforcement in
the slab. iii. Boundary conditions determine the deflection behavior of the slab. iv. Boundaryconditions have
no significant impact on the yield line analysis.

Answer: i. Boundary conditions influence the crack pattern in the slab.

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Steel and timber structure Question for Exit-exam

1) The effective length of a compression member of length L held in position and restrained in direction at
one end and effectively restrained in direction but not held in position atthe other end, is

a) L b) 0.67 L c) 0.85 L d) 1.5 L e) 2 L

2) The ratio of shearing stress to shearing strain within elastic limit, is known as

a) modulus of elasticity c) shear modulus of elasticity

d) bulk modulus of elasticity d) tangent modulus of elasticity e) All the above.

3) The critical stress on a column for elastic buckling given by Euler's formula, is

a) b) c) b)

4) A beam is defined as a structural member subjected to

a) axial loading c) transverse loading

b) Axial and transverse loading d) none of these.

5) If the moment of inertia of a section about its axis is I and its effective sectional area is A, its radius of
gyration r about the axis, is

a) b) c) d) e)

6) The critical load for a column of length I hinged at both ends and having flexural rigidity El, is given by:

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a) b) c) d) none of these

7) Pick up the correct statement from the following:

a) Vertical stiffeners may be placed in pairs one on each side of the web

b) Single vertical stiffeners may be placed alternately on opposite sides of the web

c) Horizontal stiffeners may be placed in pairs one on each side of the web

d) Horizontal stiffeners may be placed alternately on opposite sides of the web

e) All the above.

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8) A structural member subjected to compressive stress in a direction parallel to itslongitudinal axis, is

generally known as

a) Column b) stanchion c) post d) strut e) all the above.

9) Pick up the incorrect statement from the following:

a) The nominal diameter of a rivet is its diameter before driving.

b) The gross diameter of a rivet is the diameter of rivet hole.

c) The gross area of a rivet is the cross-sectional area of the rivet hole.

d) The diameter of a rivet hole is equal to the nominal diameter of the rivet plusclearance.

e) None of these.

10) The rolled steel I-sections are most commonly used as beams because these provide

a) large moment of inertia with less cross-sectional area

b) large moment of resistance as compared to other section

c) greater lateral stability

d) All the above.

11) Column footing is provided

a) to spread the column load over a larger area

b) to ensure that intensity of bearing pressure between the column footing and soil does notexceed
permissible bearing capacity of the soil

c) to distribute the column load over soil through the column footing

d) All the above.

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12) The ratio of longitudinal stress to strain within elastic limit, is known as

a) modulus of elasticity c) shear modulus of elasticity

b) bulk modulus of elasticity d) tangent modulus of elasticity

c) All the above.

13) Net sectional area of a tension member, is equal to its gross section area

a) plus, the area of the rivet holes c) divided by the area of rivet holes

b) multiplied by the area of the rivet holes d) minus the area of the rivet holes

e) None of these.

14) If the depth of the section of an upper column is smaller than the lower column

a) filler plates are provided with column splice

b) bearing plates are provided with column splice

c) neither filler plates nor bearing plates are provided with column splice

d) filler plates and bearing plates are provided with column splice

e) None of these.

15) The effective length of a weld, is taken as the actual length

a) minus the size of weld c) minus twice the size of weld

b) plus the size of weld d) plus twice the size of weld

e) None of these.

16) The slenderness ratio of a column is zero when its length

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a) is zero c) is equal to its radius of gyration

b) is supported on all sides throughout its length d) Is between the points of zero moments.

17) The main advantage of a steel member, is:

a) its high strength c) its gas and water tightness

b) Its long service life d) all the above.

18) The maximum axial load which is just sufficient to keep a column in a small deflectedshape, is called

a) crippling load b) buckling load

b) Critical load d) all the above.

19) Rivets connecting flange angles to cover plates in a plate girder are subjected to:

a) Horizontal shear only. C) vertical load only

b) Both a and b d) none

20) Which of the following methods is best for the design of steel structure?

a) Working stress method c) earthquake load method.

b) Limit states method d) ultimate load method

21) Which of the following is a disadvantage of steel?

a) High durability c) reusable

b) High strength per unit mass d) fire and corrosion resistance.

22) Which one of the following is the property of high carbon steel?

a) Reduce strength c) high toughness

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b) Reduce ductility d) high strength

23) What is the net section area of steel plate 40cm wide and 10cm thick with one bolt if thediameter of the
bolt is 18mm?

a) 38.2𝑐𝑚2 c) 578𝑐𝑚2

b) 24𝑐𝑚2 d) 465𝑐𝑚2

24) Which of the following load combination is not possible?

a) Dead load + live load

b) Dead load + wind load + earthquake load

c) Dead load+ live load + wind load

d) Dead load + live load + earthquake load

25) Which of the following relation is correct?

a) Net area = gross area – deductions

b) Net area = gross area / deductions

c) Net area = gross area * deductions

d) Net area = gross area + deductions

26) Which of the following is considering for the classification of cross section?

a) Length of the member c) location where member is used

b) Seismic force d) width –to- thickness ratio

27) Which one of the following is not the parameter for decreasing in strength of slendercolumn?

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a) Variation of material properties c) seismic loads

b) Residual stress d) initial lack of straightness

28) Which of the following is true about beam-column?

a) Net end moments are zero

b) member subjected to axial force and bending moment

c) member subjected to bending moment

d) member subjected to axial force only

29) Which of the following is not a compression member?

a) Tie b) strut c) rafter d) boom

30) Which of the following is correct?

a) size of hole = nominal diameter of fastener – clearances

b) size of hole = nominal diameter of fastener x clearances

c) size of hole = nominal diameter of fastener / clearances

d) size of hole = nominal diameter of fastener + clearances

31) What is the difference between end and edge distance?

a) Edge distance is measured parallel to direction of stress, while end distance is measuredperpendicular to
direction of stress

b) Edge distance is measured parallel to direction of stress, while end distance is measuredparallel to
direction of stress

c) Edge distance is measured perpendicular to direction of stress, while end distance ismeasured

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perpendicular to direction of stress

d) Edge distance is measured perpendicular to direction of stress, while end distance is measured
parallel to direction of stress

32) Strength of bolt is

a) minimum of shear strength and bearing capacity of bolt

b) maximum of shear strength and bearing capacity of bolt

c) shear strength of bolt

d) bearing capacity of bolt

33) Which of the following connections can be used for beam-beam connection?

a) Pin Connection

b) Moment Resistant Connection

c) Simple Connection

d) Complex Connection

34) For which of the following conditions rigid construction is required?

a) fixed beam supported by girder

b) cantilever beam supported by girder

c) overhanging beam

d) overhanging beam supported by girder

35) When cantilever beam is supported by girder, the end of cantilever will transfer

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a) shear force c) torsion

b) Bending moment d) shear force and bending moment

36) In a beam-beam connection, which type of connection is used when top flanges arerequired to be at
same level?

a) bracket connection

b) combined splice plate/end plate connection

c) combined splice plate/bracket connection

d) moment resistant connection

37) Select the correct statement

a) Material cost of a rivet is higher than that of a bolt

b) Tensile strength of a bolt is lesser than that of a rivet

c) Bolts are used as a temporary fastening whereas rivets are used as permanent fastenings

d) Riveting is less noisy than bolting

38) The forces acting on the web splice of a plate girder are

a) Axial forces

b) Shear and axial forces

c) Shear and bending forces

d) Axial and bending forces

39) Generally, the purlins are placed at the panel points so as to avoid

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a) Axial force in rafter

b) Shear force in rafter

c) Deflection of rafter

d) Bending moment in rafter

40) Bolts are most suitable to carry

a) Shear

b) Bending

c) Axial tension d) Shear and bending

41) What are steel tension members?

a) Structural elements that are subjected to direct compressive loads

b) Structural elements that are subjected to direct tensile loads

c) Structural elements that are subjected to indirect compressive loads

d) Structural elements that are subjected to indirect tensile loads

42) The strength of tensile members is not influenced by :

a) length of connection

b) net area of cross section

c) type of fabrication

d) length of plate

43) Which of the following statement is correct?

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a) single angle section with bolted connection produce eccentricity about both planes

b) single angle section with bolted connection produce eccentricity about one plane only

c) single angle section with welded connection produce eccentricity about both planes

d) Single angle section with welded connection does not produce eccentricity about oneplane.

44) Which of the following type of tension member is not mainly used in modern practice?

a) open section such as angles

b) flat bars

c) double angles

d) circular section

45) Which of the following is true about built up section?

a) Built up members are less rigid than single rolled section

b) Single rolled section are formed to meet required area which cannot be provided by built up members

c) Built up members can be made sufficiently stiff

d) Built up sections are not desirable when stress reversal occurs

46) What is a plastic section?

a) cross section which can develop plastic moment

b) cross section which can resist seismic force

c) cross section in which buckling can occur

d) cross section which can develop plastic hinges

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

47) What is a compact section?

a) cross section which can develop plastic moment resistance

b) cross section which can resist seismic force

c) cross section in which buckling can occur

d) cross section which can develop plastic hinges

48) What is a semi-compact section?

a) cross section which can develop plastic moment resistance

b) cross section which can resist seismic force

c) cross section in which elastically calculated stress in extreme compression fiber can reachyield strength

d) cross section which can develop plastic hinges

49) What is a slender section?

a) cross section which can develop plastic moment resistance

b) cross section which can resist seismic force

c) cross section in which elastically calculated stress in extreme compression fiber can reachyield strength

d) cross section in which local buckling will occur before yield stress

50) Which of the following is correct regarding class I section?

a) They are not fully effective under pure compression

b) They are capable of reaching and maintaining full plastic moment in bending

c) They are not capable of reaching and maintaining full plastic moment in bending

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d) They do not exhibit sufficient ductility

51) Which of the following parameters control the quality of weld?

a) composition of electrode c) size of electrode

b) size of metal plate d) composition of metal plate

52) Which of the following type of weld is most suitable for lap and T-joints?

a) Fillet weld c) Groove weld

b) Slot weld d) Plug weld

53) The types of welded joints do not depend on

a) size of members connected at joint c) type of loading

b) area available for welding d) size of weld

54) Which of the following is not correct?

a) Angles and T section are strong in bending

b) Channels can be used only for light loads

c) I sections are most efficient and economical shapes

d) I section with cover plates are provided when large section modulus is required

55) Local buckling can be prevented by

a) limiting width-thickness ratio

b) increasing width-thickness ratio

c) changing material

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d) changing load on member

56) Which of the following is true?

a) in case of rolled section, less thickness of plate is adopted to prevent local buckling

b) for built-up section and cold formed section, longitudinal stiffeners are not provided toreduce width to
smaller sizes

c) local buckling cannot be prevented by limiting width-thickness ratio

d) in case of rolled section, high thickness of plate is adopted to prevent local buckling

57) Which of the following is not true?

a) only plastic section can be used in intermediate frames

b) slender sections are preferred in hot rolled structural steelwork

c) compact sections can be used in simply supported beams

d) semi-compact sections can be used for elastic designs

58) Deflection can be reduced by

a) proving less restraints c) increasing span

b) increasing depth of beam d) decreasing depth of beam

59) The strength of steel beam depends on

a) strength of tension flange c) strength of compression flange

b) strength of web d) does not depend on strength of section

60) A hole in flange of beam causes

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a) increase in stress c) decrease in stress

b) makes the stress to half d) does not affect the stress

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61) The strength of the beams with openings may be governed by plastic deformations due to

a) moment only c) shear only

b) both moment and shear d) does not depend on moment or shear

62) Which of the following are correct regarding design of beams with openings?

a) web opening should be away from support by twice the beam depth

b) hole should be eccentrically placed in web

c) hole should not be placed within middle one third of the span

d) clear spacing between openings should be less than beam depth

63) What is web crippling?

a) web is of large thickness

b) flange near portion of stress concentration tends to fold over web

c) web near portion of stress concentration tends to fold over flange

d) flange is of large thickness

64) The most critical location for failure due to web crippling is

a) flange cross section c) middle of web

b) start of fillet d) root of fillet

65) Which off the following will be a remedy to web crippling?

a) spreading load over small portion of flange

b) provide stiffeners which bear against flanges at load points

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c) provide web of small thickness

d) web crippling cannot be prevented

66) Why plate girder is preferred over truss girder?

a) plate girder requires costly maintenance

b) higher vertical clearance required for plate girder than truss girder

c) cost of fabrication of plate girder is high

d) cost of fabrication of truss girder is high

67) Bending resistance of plate girders can be increased by

a) decreasing distance between flanges

b) increasing distance between flanges

c) reducing distance between flanges to half

d) bending resistance cannot be increased

68) The modes of failure of plate girder are

a) by yielding of compression flange only

b) by buckling of tension flange only

c) by yielding of tension flange and buckling of compression flange

d) by yielding of compression flange and buckling of tension flange

69) Which of the following causes web buckling in plate girder?

a) diagonal tension

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 WACHEMO UNIVERSITY RC1, RC2, AND STEEL AND TIMBER EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

b) diagonal compression

c) diagonal tension and diagonal compression

d) neither diagonal tension nor diagonal compression

70) Which of the statement is not true about intermediate stiffeners?

a) they reduce shear capacity of web

b) they improve shear capacity of web

c) they can be used to develop tension field action

d) their main purpose is to provide stiffness to the web

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