(THERMODYNAMICS-I)

(First Law of Thermodynamics)

Explain first lawof thermodynamics and writethe mathematical

expression of this law.

f zI

gyu fru at ur hT (Mathematical statement of first law)

Q=W +(Eg -EA) = W + AE

AE =Q- W ..(1)

dE =dQ-dW

What do you understand by the term internal energy of a svstem?

How it is related to the enthalpy of a systen!
2 3

AH = AE + PAV

What do you understand by enthalpy? Show that carried the enthalpy

equal to the heat absorbed when the reaction is out at
T d0 b YE TThH ffy hange is
31a h Bâ à8 3H aId H ÍfT pressure.
461TI GI YOIpnstant
SI TÉ AT-aftE 3Í 5 frH HH (absolute value) T8 Or What is neant by enthalpyof a system? Show that
AH = E+ PAV

af rfiys (A) T|AfH EEI (B) HA-dit o 9 h41: EA B T aiyT yut siyT (heat content or enthalpy) %¿ }I HAA
AE = Ez - EA
A
H = E+ PV
W = P(VB -VA) ...(1)

AE =Q- W ...(2)
What is the change in internal energy when an ideal gas expand HÍtcHU (1) TI (2) ERI,
isothermally? AE = Q- P(VB -VA)
E -E4 =Q-P(Vg -V )
Q=(Ez + PVz)-(E4 + PVA) ...(3)
Q= AE+ W
E+ PV H ÀTefÍa tàfH0 quf H| HEd 4Ä: H = E +PV
dg = dE+ dW

Q= H¡ - HA = AH ...(4)
dE- E dT + OE
dy "..(2)

OE
HÍHTUT (1), (2) a (4) EI,
AE =(H -H¡)-P(Vg -VA)
dE =0 AE = AH - PAV
AH = E + PAV ...(3)
 at constant pressure and
Explain the terms heat capacity 4 4 H h1 4 I, fA U 34 afu mm
difference in their tWO value, 9l"
constant volume. Give reason for the

Prove that for an ideal gas Cp -Cy = R

OH
CT,,7}) =
OT )P
OH OE ...(1)
Cp -Cy -

AE =Q-W OH OE ...(2)
34T: fr 31467 Y, (: WV =) T JP OT Jp
AE HtGTU (1) A(2) À,
Ca,T) T, -1;Jy OE
+P
OE ..(3)
Cp -Cy =|

OE OE dV ...(4)
dE dT +

OE OE OE ..3)
Q= AE +W =AE+ PAV (:: W = P. oVT\T )p
oT)
AE+ PAV) AH
C,(T,.T)= OE
T, -T,) AT AT HhTUI (5) #
oTP
öH OE GE +P
Cp -Cy = 0T p
T

-.(6)
| Cp -Cy =
aTP
6 7

fyrzA faita A(opposing pressure) Z pi

=R
Parzá XAV =0

OE = )
AI3Hu z fi
344 YH HET (infinitesimal small amount) 37T
HÁGTUI (7) a (8) HH (6) T W,
Cp -Cy = R
expansion of
Determnine the expression for work done in reversible
an ideal gas.

dH dE
Cp aT dT
dH dE d(E+ PV) dE
Cp -Cy dT
dW =(P- dP) dV = PdV - dP.dV
dT dT dT
dE d(PV) dE
+ dW = PdV
dT dT dT
d(PV)
Cp -Cy dT

max
d(PV) =R Wm dW,, 'P.dW ..(1}
dT

4d: HTU (9) A (10) ZRI, n HT HIGÍ i fÀ.

PV =nRT
Cp -Cy = R
nRT
P=
Explain why maximum work is attainable only under reversil VdV
=nRT log. ...2)
conditions? W,m = nRT

P
8
P ..(3
=nRTloge P Cy AT = AE = -W -PAV

dV
Cy dT = -PdV= -RT
W. =2.303nRT logjo ..4 V
dT
C T
...(5
.303nRT log10
2. p dT

Cy log, 12T -R loge V2

=Rloge V.
in the adiabati
Derve an expression for the maximum work involved Z GTÀ Áf Cp -Cy = R AA
expansion of an ideal gas. Cy
T2 R \oge Cp -Cy
Cy V, Cy |log.
AE = -W
loge TË Cp-1
Cy

loge T2
T
-(y- 1) log. = log,
PAV Auta
AE =-W=-PAV ...1 T2
AE T,V,=T, V,1
Cy =
AT TV =frrta
AE =Cy.AT ...2 PV, = RT, T P, V, = RT,, 344: H6TU (4) 71
,7 (1)a (2) A, P,V,IR
Cy.AT= -PAV=-W PV,IR
W = PAV = -Cy AT
P V,
W=Cy (T, -T) ...(3
P
yy 10. TZ ra fra Py = fria q P2
fi
Derive PVÌ =constant for an ideal gas. P
..(3)
PV' = P,V,
AE
PV! -frta
10 11

f U (49) a (5) ,
f Hhd

P (1) fg ArY TE, PV =friE

...(6)
P (2) =0

Joule-Thomson OE f T
aa (internal pressure) %34 }
What is Joule-Thomson effect? Caleulate the value of oV T
1 3iafr
efficient.
Or Writea short noteon Joule-Thomson effect.
[1] T-g44T TUTÍ# (Joule-Thomson Coefficient) (uJT)

A G B

1 2
74 T Aq vtadr t yeT Ì -gñrgT gATT(Joule Thomson effect) P P2
V: V2

Thermal
insulation

fa 1. A-AH AHRU

ggn fn H4U| (AE = q-W)# 34HR,

AE = 0
...(1)
dA AI f T4| e (net) H4 = P, V, -P

=0
oV
 13

12
...(3)
P,V, -PV, = E, -E, ...(4)
E, +P,V, = E, +PV; Calculate the Joule-Thomson coefficient for an idealgaa
is zero.
E+ PV= H Or, Show that for an ideal gas the Joule-Thomson effect
H, = H
AH =0
(Joule-Thomson coefficient for an ideal gas)
ZH TÀ f H = E+ PV, 3fA qé4U
I
srata -f44 VR T4-U-tyhH (enthalpic process) haI dI 1 (öH
JT. C. oP )r
1 aE+ PV) ...1)
...(6) HJ.T. Cp OP
dP + dT
dH = OT p aPV) (2)
OH CP
=Cp
oTP T 5c4 TA P.V TT T 4If A(independent)
Fifs E ufIP.V q
OH ..(7)
dH dP +CpdT
OE (aPV)
J.T.= GP
HÁHTUI (5) 4H, dH =0 Cp
OH 1 OE PV) ...(3)
dP + C,dT = 0 CP
OPT OH
Cp

dT -.4)
dP Cp
..(8)
OP H OE (OV =0 ...3)
oT av\P T
aP )H
PV -fATG 46)

(ôH
AT= oP T AP ..(9) aPV) ...(7
=0
Cp OP

HitATU (5) a(7) (3) T å,

...(8)
kJT= 0
 15
14

Joule-Thomson coefficient.
Determine the sign and magnitude of
OE

(OE

3Tbs (NUMERICAL PROBLEMS)

aV T
OE
¿T: 4YIIHR, P =1P, =0.1, n = 1, R= 2, T =0+273 = 273
1.0
344: W = 2.303nRTlog P = 2.303x lx 2x 273 log 0.1
P
W = 1257.43 ciâ

oPT
AE =Cy dT =0
OE

AE =Q-W =0 Q=W = 1257.43

Write a noteon inversion temperature. fE I4 , PV =fIh, 34d: APV = 0
AH = AE +APV =0

3GTgTUT 2. ufz 25°CWTtT CO, TH 20 rA f HÍST

ZT: 4NITHR, V, = 20, V = 1,n = 2,T = 25- 273= 298 K. R-2

V
W =2.303nRT log

2a =-357L1hti
T; = R6 = 2.303x 2x 2x 298 × log
20
 hR0}I 22,000 34TET 44000/2 3IGT
S4 HCIITHR, q
44,000, HHTt
a4 3ch4urT
TT at T 8 31GYtH 27°
qTC 3EIEUT
ARI, hR0 44,000 2HCl+ +CI,
= HH6{U
H, 6.
E41 3TE Ì HCl 15
3TGA C0,F 344tq
ht =1435.5 298log 2.2x
303×
807-20,000+
}I HHT: SH4 *0CS, 50
hcTÜ 20,000 -CS, =25C+
2.3l03nRT
og =W
hct 94380 =CO, C+O,= G,
HHAIt7 lT 50 15 25°Cr t ASS HIT 2HT
3IETUT
5.
aryUST =7.889 P,
formation) (Heat
of EHT TATGT I|
energy) (Intrinsic t (vi) 0.89705 2.5717)=3.5(2.8280- =P,log
solution) (Heat
of EHfaT
T (v)
neutralisation) (Heat
of 3e0GaUT
GEAT (iv) 373) log 673- (log 0.4 =P,log
1.4
combustion) (Heat
of GT aT(iii) 673) log 373-14(l0g =1)(1-14)(log
log - P,
reaction) (Heat
of 3rffshT
H4T (ii) 1.673K,y
4 = 373K,
=T, =?,T,= =1, P
formation) (Heat
of 4T3G& (i)
T,) log y(logT,- =)-logP, (P, log(1-)
following: the on
notes short Write
(Thermochemistry) 35OH|-HI4T T
=P.T) p.T
TI
3434.9 =
0.3010 298× 8.314x 2.303×
2x =
14) foty= (N, Tà Cat 400°
10
log10 298 8.314x 2.303x
2x =
20
log10 100°C
i a Gt 3T4TT
Gt tet 4.
y N,3GIEUT
GIq aUS
2.303nRT =W W=-6909.0
ht
15log 300 2x2.303x
5x =
H4AT
HT 3AT4A& hTHTT 31T
2 TH at T AY C 7.
25° 3GIaUT 1.5
hiit =8290.8 300 6x
2x2.303x =
P2
2.303nRT
log10 4AITHR,
W= ¿T:
V P
log10 300 2.303x6x
2x 2303nRT
= log10 W
10
17 16
 19

heat of formation)
T4 TTg 3T (Standard
sHp - AH n RT

I| &34T (Heat of Combustion)

|I| 3fqfa 3 (Heat of Reaction)

C+0, - CO, -9380 * t

â CH, 0, -CO, 2H,0 24,000
C+0, =CO, + 94380
H, 0, -H,0 68,300 ht

C+ 28=CS, 20.000 i ÀTA 12 T4 144, 64 H

AH E

nfa q114zf yÊ àuafa fufn m VM 3TATtaE1UT 34T (Heat of Neutralisation)

)r f a

AH,-AH,
tà, HCI(aq) + Na0H(aq) - NaCl (4) H,0 13.700 *r
HNO,(aq) - NaOH (aq) - NaNO,(cqt tt.O 13, 700 } r
HCl (cq) + KOH (aq) = KCl (aq ) - H.0 13, 70
(2) 3rfrTa aát snfra raI

) C(ETI) + 0., (g} C0,(g)+ 94.380

C tftR4) -0., (g)CO,(g) + 94,600 >
) SfaHai) +0,(gS0, (g)+ 71,000 >T
S0,(g) 71,600 Ü
HA(aq) +BOHaq) - AB(aq -H,0- 13, Z0U ` t
 21
20
+ B +H,0 +13,700 hrâ
H +A + B' +OH =A IVIfaT ST (Heat of Solution)
ht
H +OH -H,0+ 13,700
KCl +(ag) = KClaq) - 4400
H,S0, +(aq) =H,SO, + 25000 4
4400 25009

HNO,(aq) +NH,OH(aq) ’NH, NO, (aq) + H,0 +13,300

’NH,Cl(aq) + H,0+ 13,200o â
HCKaq) +NH,OH(aq)
CH,COOH (aq) + NaOH(ag)
àVIJa3t(Intrinsic Energy)

C+0, = CO, + 94380 ii.

NaOH ’Na +OH

CH,C00H CH,C00 +H* -550 rt

H +OH H,0+ 13,700 crt

C+O, = C0, + 94.380 r â

Ec + EO, = Eco. +94,380
0+0= Eco + 94,380
=-94,380 t
Eco,
13,700 - 13200 .ci=500 cÚ,
uifza 3{LT Á faru hur Ì
AH AE AnRT
CH,CO0Haq) +NH,OH(aq) Deduce a relationship between heats of rectction ut consturet
’CH,COONH, (a) Dressure and constant volume.
Or Proue
+H,0+ 1l.800 AH = AE+ AnkT
 23
22

AH = E+ PAV AH =H, - H, =y}Hy -(xHA +x,H¡)

=y,Hy -xH - x,Hp
7IQp = AH
R GH0 f Q = AE
37: 4T HtGTU (1)
TEÀ , AE = E, - E, = y}Ey -xEA -x,Ep (2)

p =Qy + PAV
3TCÍ i¡ à f°, PV =nRT
[aAH) (oHOTM aHOTA CT
...(3)
OT Jp p P

g i HG| gs = n, - n, = An
a(AE)
aT v
(oEM oEA ...(4)

V
34d: HG 3414d gfs. AV .An

PV nRT .An = An. RT OH

PAV = .An
Cp aT OT
PAV #I 4H HG{U (2) TE ,
Q, =Qy + AnRT
AHp = AH, + AnRT 3) (4) ARI,
AH = AE+ AnRT OAH) ...(5)
- y,(Cp)M -x(CpA -x,(CpB = ACp
aT JP
OAE)] ...(6)
T JP
=y}(Cy)M -x(Cy)A -*,(Cy)B =ACy
Derive Kirchoff's equation which establishes the relation bet
temperature and heat of reaction.

H, daH) =AH, - sH, -J'ACp.dT

x}A + x, B’y,M
T

H, = x H +xyHB AH, - AH =ACp'dT

aH, -sH, = ACp(T, -I) ...(7)
H, =y}H M
 25
24

Sisr

daE) ='ACy.dT H AY t, 3 TATT, 100 fyt 0.5N HZA

E Mlatertal
Laggng Ntailai
Ldsjg
'ACy.dT
AE =AE, - AE,=2
2

AE, - AE, =ACy

(H ) a GIT }I 34d: 100 H0 0.5 N 3AL4
AE, - AE =ACy (T -T)
= mX sx t

= (200 +w)x 4.184 x| t 2

= H
Describe the experimental determination of heat of neutralisat Hx 1000 × 1
0.5x 100

constant heat summaton and

State and explain Hess 's law of
discuss itsapplications.
m, 14

m,(,- l)=(m, + w) (1z -t,)

m,(t, - tz)
(ty - t,)
yyg fafy- A ’ B+Q, ri
GHr fafu- A ’ B+q1

D ’B+ 43
26 27

S (farrtrA) + O, - S0, +a
}a uà z 5 4 f4 (law of conservation of energv)
S (rEAA) +0, - S0, 6

(i),>Q sr, (ii) Q, < Q

deternined?
Explain bond energy. How it is

ufe Q, <Q, a A )TqH fafy B yfafda À 3t fh B T3

35E131 HH f
’ 2H (g): AH = 4351 k.j
(i) H, (g)
AH =719.6kJ
Initial Final (ii)CCs)
State State
A B
3TGA 5H -749 kJ at }I
C+O, =CO, + 94,380 iâ q3 AH = -74.9 kJ
utt fafu (iüi) Cs) + 2H, (g)CH,(g),
Q=q,+q2+tqz
C+0, =C0 + 26,000 ìâ kJ
(iv) 2H., (g) ’ 4H(g), AH = 870.2
CO+'0,
2
=C0, + 68,380 ’CH,(g); AH = - L6647 kJ
Cg)+ 4H(g)

16647
4

H,CCH,(g), AH
H,¬ =CH,(g)+ H, (g)
 28
qd
R C -H3A1qy TYf TÌ 3I , q
29
Z44 C,H,
-C

AH =-[AHc-c t 2AHc-Hl+ [AHc-c +AHH-Hl xC+H,

2
=C,H, ±51

347.3, 416.2
=xC0, +H,0 + a crâ ..(i)
61571 435.1 kJ HH ,a
c,H, +(x+o 2
AH =(347.3 + 2x 416.2) + (615.0 + 435.1)= -129.6 kJ ...(i)
C+0, = CO, + bri
ATDS H(Numerical Problems) H, +0, =H,0+ c cìrt ...(ii)

GET G;T AUYT: 7,54,300; 94,480 T 68,380 hit~ 2

60+ 3H, =CgH+ F41

xCO, + H,0-C,H, +{**
CçH + 0, = 6C0, + 3H,0 + 754300 ctt
.) xC+x0, = xC0,+ xb ié
C+O, =CO, + 94480 ert 2
...(i)
H, +0, = H,0+ 68380 +ii
2 ...(iii) xC+ H, = C,H,+| xb+2c-a c t

xCO, + 3H,0 = CH; 15

O, -754300 t (i) KOH(ag) + HCI(ag) = KCl(ag) + H,0+ 137fhohci
6C+ 60, = 6C0, + 566880 i t (ii) H, +O,
2
= H,0 + 684 faso ho
3H, +0, = 3H,0 +205140 et 1
(iii)H, t
1
= HCl(ag) + 39.3faho o
2
6C+ 3H =CgH +
(566880 +205140-754300)
6C+ 3H, =CgH + 17720 t (iv) K +O,
1
+H, + aq = KOH(ag) + 1165 f5o ào
hgi 2
asf 3IGH 3,4| =
17720 hI (v) KCl + ag = KCl(ag) -4.4fao ho
3ZTUT 2. aSETheT C, H,, t
GE 3HT a
1
K+ -Cl, = KCl + 3H1

AH y

KOH(aq) +HCKaq) - KClaq) + H.0 +137 f*o heÊ

 31

30

H,0=H,+0, - 684f~o seitî

2 C+ 2H, =CH, t
393 fso o
H,+ 2 'Ci,(aq)+
2 116.5fso
1
K+0, +H +aq =KOH(aq) + 2133 fão o
2 Co, + 2H,0 = CH, + 20,
~o
KC\aq) =KCl+ ag
4.4 fho C+O, = C0, + 969 fso
1165+ 4.4)fho 136.8 f#o o
- KCl+ (13.7-684 +
39.3+ 2H, +O, = 2H,0+ o
+(-2133 + 969+ 1368)fo
K+
2 C+ 2H =CH,
K+ Cl = KOl+105.5 ffo o C+ 2H, = CH, +
20.4 f*o o
2
KCI 3GA ,41 = 105.5 f5o h0
333000hetgT aaTa ASS0T
3TETUT 4. ufucfr ET HEHT
#AT 64.4 fho ho I
3IGT 6 T hHT: 94.0

2C+ 2H, =C,H, + 541

20+ 3H, +0,
2
- C,H,0H + 3G4T
cìt ...0
C,H, +30, = 2C0, + 2H,0+333000
o
C+O, = CO, + 97300 >ri 2C0, +3H,0 + 327.0 fo
â )C,H,OH + 30, =
H, +0,
2
=H,0+ 68400 ...(ii
(ii) C+O, =C0, + 94.0
f#o o
o
(i) H, + = H,0+ 644 f5o
71 (üi) * 3 TOn T*
3I HIE fera , (ü) * 2
HsrUT (i)
2C0, + 2H,0 = C,H, + 30, -333000 i i 3270 fo o
2C+20, = 2C0, + 194600 i
+ 136800§â 2C0, + 3H,0 = C,H,OH + 30, o
2H, +O, =2H,0 l88O f%o
2C + 20, = 2CO., +
20+ 2H, = C,H, + (194600 + 136800 333000) t 1932fæo o
2C=2H, =C,H, -1600 ii 3H, "0, =H,0-
C,H, 4444 41 TNEA 3,| =-1600 t =C,H,OH +(-327 + 188 + 1932)f#o $o
2C+ 3H, + 2 0,
o
(i) CH, + 20, = CO, +2H,O + 2133 faho ho
2C+ 3H., + 0., -C, H,OH +542 fso
(ii) C+ 0, -CO, + 969 feFo ~o 2

(iii) H, + =H,0+ 684fko o

 31
30
fao rtt
H,0=H, +0, -684
o C+ 2H, = CH, +54|
H, +C,(aq) +393f#o
2 2

+H, +aq = KOH(ag) +1165fo

K+0, 2
2
CO, +2H,0 =CH, +20, -213.3 fio o
KC\ag) =KCl + aq -44 ffo C+O, =CO, + 96.9 ffo ho
+116.5+ 44) fso é
K+C1, =KCl+(13.7-684+ 39.3
1
2 2l, +O, =2H,0+ 136.8 f~o Fo
o
C+ 2H, =CH, +(-213.3 + 96.9 + 1368) fo
K+-Cl = KCl+ 105.5 fao o
C+ 2H, =CH, + 204 f~o o
KClat 3GT SEH = 105.5 fho ho

I
3UIGT 3hCHI G4T: 94.0 AT 64.4fho ho
2C+ 2H, =C,H, + Z|
20 + 3H, + 2 =C,H,0H# 5T
CzH, +30, =200, + 2H,0 +333000 heirt
C+0, =CO, + 97300 cI ...@
327.0 fto o
H, +0, =H,0 + 68400 t (1)C,H,0H+ 30, =200, +3H,0 +
2
(i) C+O, =C0, + 94.0faso o
(üi) H, +-0, =H,0 +644 fio o
1

f g K, (i) t 2 T (iii) 3 Tun *,

200, + 2H,0 =C,H, +30, -333000 t HiGU (i) à 3ee
2C+ 20, = 200, +194600
f#o o
2H, +O, =2H,0 +136800 t 2C0, +3H,0 =C,H,OH +30, -3270
o
2C+ 2H, =C,H, +(194600 + 136800333000) h0 20 + 20, = 2C0, + 188.0 fo
2C =2H, =C,H, -1600 ncii 3 o
3El, +0, = 3H,0 + 1932 fso
2
1
=C,H,OH +(-327+ 188+ 1932)f5o o
20+ 3El, t0,
2
(i) CH, +20, =CO, +2H,0 +
213.3 fio 0
(ii) C+ 0, =C0, + 969fão o 2C+ 3H, +o, =C,H,OH +5542fro o
(iii) H, +0, = H,0 +
2 684feho io .:.CH,0H * 3YIGA 304| = 542fo o
32 33

formation) Tur f CO, =C+O, - 90.5 f5o o

T ( enthalpy of faso
(aq) + 2 H, (g);AH =-127 =CO+ 254f5o
(i) Al(s) +3HCI\ag) =AlCl, C+
2HCI(g); AH --44.0 feho ho = H,0+ 550f%o o
(ii) H, (g) + Cl,(g) = H, +0,
AH -17.5fho ho 2
(iii)HCI(g) +(aq) = HCI(ag): CO, + H, =C0 + H,0 + (-90.5+ 254 + 550) # o
(ag); AH =-155.8 faho o
(iv) Al, Cl, (s) + (aq) = 2AICl, CO, + H, =CO +H,0- 10.1 f*o
: f aHTU .3fyfsT 5H = +101faso ho
2AXs) + 3Cl, (s) =Al,Cl, (s), AH =?
E7U (i) 2 Àa (ii) 3è (iii) * 6TU , HtH{UI iv) C(à1gE)+0, (tR)’ Co (ta), AH--94lkcai
c(àGge)’C(fT), AH - 0.5 kcal
2AKs) + 6HCKaq) = 2A1Cl, (aq) + 3H, (g);AH, =-254 f5o o
3H, (g) + 3C1, (g) = 6HC\g);AH, =-132 fo o
6HCKg) +aq = GHCKaq): AH4 =-105.0 fo o zeT: (i) C (}Y518Z) +0, (t4) CO, (‘4), sH -94l keal
2AICI, (aq) =Al,Cl;(s) + aq:AH, = +155.8 fso o C (áT) ’C(5152 ), AH=-0.5 kcal
2AKs) + 3Cl, (g) = Al,Clç (s); AH = AH, + AH, + AH, + AH4
AH =(-254 - 132 105 + 155.8)fo o C(a) +O, (a) C0, (Î4) AH =(-94I - 03) kcal
.. AH =-94.6kcal
2Als) +Cl, (g) =Al,Cl, (9): AH -3352 faho o (ii)C (T132) +0., (it4) ’CO, (t4), AH = -94.1 kcal
.
aIH Al,Cl, 3AIGA 3HI, AH = -335.2fo o 1214
941 kcal 4 34H a -l2 4H T65
12× 1000
CO, + H, =C0 + H,0 1000 kcal 3,4 34 Bi à
941
CO, CO, T£ H,0 â HHaT 5Ur AYT:
25.4, 90.5 3r 55.0 faho

(6) C+ = C0+ 25.4fho 0

(i) C+ 0,, =C0, + 90.5 f:o ~o

CgH0e(s) + 60, (g)= CO,(g)+ t , . H =-631 o
(n) H, 0, -H,0+ 550fa,o
o
 34

(R= f (ü)
(0)C+0,
f
A4TA
C0
2 a
o C+0,
+0, 2 1/3142 C(s) AE= -65] AH
fygh c+o,
,
=C0,
C0 2
,
C0 +0,(g) 1 =
-28990 C0, = + -654.8 AE+ =AE+
AE AE T=17+ AH AH 3IGT =C0 =
3E C0+ 96,+960
') =
=-28990 = =-28990. + f5o AnRT
6x
-29280 AE+x =
AE 67,970 314 1 =C0g)
3| 428990 (96,960 0 o 2x
273 +
AnRT *0 10
= F0 - = An =+28,990 0
290 2x
290K, G|+
29,280 x
290 =l-I 67,970) 290
AK 2
ho
U =? 2 o o
|
AE R=
*o
2 AH
=-29,280 =-28,990#

(iii) TATHR, ra
(ii)H,
+ (i) Haq,
KOH K
+
H,0 AEAE AH AH
2C(8) AHAH T AE 3TI C,1H,
AHAH + =
aq = = =n=l-3 AE-?
==-2, = = 27+ =
=(t4800+ + 18+ AH AE -3358-
=-3358 AE -3358, ()+
- aq 18-(-2)2x 180 3H, +
â ’ + + 273 3TTA
38 K-0,’KOH(aq);
- H,0, 1192 AnRT -nRT fhoo,T (g) AnRT 0,(g)3
keal K0, 2 ’ 1.2 +(-2) -300K,R &n
f6o = -2
-6838+ KOH(aq) 10(298) CzH,(g) --337 -
AH o 2x x 20O,()-
- -4 AA2
AH = 25 10 -
KOH -+ = + - -2
1400) -KOH -6838 19 273 2
=-I4.00 H,;AH 2 192 10, 4,M5
kcal keal = 300
fho 29K
kci ho H
-
4800 -

keal
36

SE-fdoty (Multiple Choice Questions) 37

10.
(a) 13.7fo irî (b) -13.7 fo o
(a)4dI (b) y3 T-A
(c) 13.7f~o tt (d) 13.7fso û àsfra
(c) f (d) fafgZ T
11.

(b) AE =q-W 2H, (g) +O, (g) ’ 2H,0() + 571.850KJ

(a) AE =q+ W
(a) -285.925 kJ (b) -185.925 kJ
(c) q = AE (d) W = PAV
(c) 285.925 kJ (d) 185.925 kJ
3RICT Answerg)
(a) a (b) AI4
(c) 3A14A 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a)
7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (a)
(a) AE (b) AH
(c) Ag (d) As
5. 27°C R3HIGÍ t 1 AG I 3hHUsgi H4I 1cir 10

(a) 1381.8 (b) -13818

(c) 600 h t (d) -600iâi

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) -1 (d) o

7. Cs) +O,(g) = C0, (g) + 94.5 kcal,

94.5 kcal CO, (g)
(a) 3GG SAT
(c) fat4 641
(d) 3fufh| HHI
(a) -10OkJ
(b) -50kJ
(c) 50k.J
(d) 100k.J
(a) AE = AH + AnRT
(b) AH = AE +
(c) AE = AH + nRT
(d) AH = AE +
AnRT
nRT