EPITHELIAL TISSUE III.

Glandular or Pyramidal Epithelium

Discussion: • Serous glandular epithelium – pancreas, parotid
The epithelial tissues cover external body surfaces and glands
provide lining of the internal surfaces. In this type of • Mucous glandular epithelium – sublingual
tissue, the cells are arranged very closely and with glands
very little intercellular substances between, and they • Mixed glandular epithelium – submaxillary
are arranged as sheets covering/lining surfaces or as glands
masses of cells as seen in glands.

Classification and Distribution CONNECTIVE TISSUE

I. Simple Epithelium - composed of one layer of cells
Connective tissue, as the name implies, forms a
all attached to the basement membrane.
continuum with other tissues to maintain a functionally
• Simple squamous epithelium - Bowman’s
integrated body. Unlike the other basic tissues which are
capsule of kidney, endothelium, mesothelium
highly cellular, the connective tissue is characterized by
• Simple cuboidal epithelium
an abundance of extracellular material and a relative
: non-ciliated - collecting tubules of
scarcity of cells. The extracellular matrix of connective
kidney
tissue is filled with ground substances and extracellular
: ciliated - bronchioles, thyroid gland
fibers that are significant to the functions of connective
• Simple columnar epithelium - Bowman’s tissue. Large number of blood vessels and nerve fibers is
capsule of kidney, endothelium, mesothelium also found in the extracellular matrix of connective
:non-cilated – pyloric end of stomach, tissues.
gallbladder, small/large intestines
: cilated – fallopian tube, uterine tube, Cells in connective tissues can be categorized in
lungs to two:
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 1. Resident cells or fixed cells – include fibroblasts
: non-cilated – puloric end of stomach, and fibrocyte, reticular cells, adipose cells, mast
gallbladder, small/large intestine cells and resident macrophage.
: ciliated – trachea, larynx, bronchi, 2. Visiting cells or transient cells – are the
oviduct inflammatory macrophages, plasma cells,
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and
II. Stratified Epithelium – composed of more than
monocytes.
one layer cells; where only the basal cells are
attached to the basement membrane. The various types of connective tissues in the body,
• Stratified squamous epithelium – which are all derived from mesoderm, except for some
: keratinized type – epidermis of the in the head that are derived from ectoderm, are
skin
classified into two major groups: connective tissue
: non-keratinized type – opening of the
proper and special types of connective tissue.
mouth, esophagus, vagina
• Stratified cuboidal epithelium – sweat gland
ducts Connective Tissue Proper
• Stratified columnar epithelium – part of male A. Loose Connective tissue (Areolar CT)
urethra, conjunctiva, some layers of excretory - Loose connective tissue is the most abundant
ducts type of connective tissue. It has high amount
• Transitional epithelium – excretory passages of of extracellular fluids filled with ground
the urinary tract (ureter, urinary bladder, substances, fibers, and cells.
urethra)
1.Ordinary Loose Connective Tissue 2.Dense irregular connective tissue

2.Modified Loose Connective Tissue: Adipose, Reticular,

Mucous

Adipose Reticular Special Types of Connective Tissue

- Although categorized as special types, special
connective tissues share many common
features (cell lineage, structural
components, abundance of extracellular
matrix, functions) with connective tissue
proper. Special connective tissues, however,
contains specialized cells that corresponds
to their function.

A. Cartilage

B. Dense Connective Tissue

- Dense connective tissue contains most of the
components in loose connective tissue,
except that it has more fibers which are
closely packed.

1.Dense regular connective tissue

a. Collagenous b.Elastastic
B. Bone
C. Blood. - Activity: contraction is quick, forceful,
discontinuous and usually under voluntary
control.
3. Smooth muscle (viscera and blood vessels)
- consists of collection of fusiform
cells that do not show cross-
striations.
- Nuclei are twisted because of the
contractions.
- Activity: contraction process is
weak, slow and not subject to
MUSCLE TISSUE voluntary control (involuntary)

Today’s laboratory will help you better understand the

microscopic anatomy of special connective tissues,
specifically bone and cartilage tissue. These tissues
demonstrate highly specialized cells that produce and
maintain. Muscle tissue is the basic tissue that enables
movement. It is responsible for locomotion of the
individual, movement of the various parts of the body,
and transport of numerous substances within the body.
There are three types of muscle tissue: (a). skeletal
muscle; (b). Cardiac muscle; (c). Smooth muscle. These
three types of muscle can be classified based on their
structure (striated or non-striated) or based on the
mechanism of their action (voluntary or involuntary).

1. Cardiac Muscle (Heart)

- cardiac muscle has cross-striations and is
composed of elongated, branched
individual cells that lie parallel to each
other.
- At sites of end-to-end contact are the
intercalated discs (structures any found in
the cardiac muscle).
- Contains “Branching cells”
- Activity: strong, quick, and continuous
involuntary contraction.
2. Skeletal Muscle (tongue, bicep muscles and
upper esophagus)
- composed of bundles of very long (up to 30
cm), cylindrical multinucleated cells that
show cross-striations.
- The contractile unit of skeletal muscle is
called sarcomere. each sarcomere has A
band, I band, H band, and Z line.
- The oval nuclei ae usually found at the
periphery of the cell (distinguishing
characteristic).