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PDC Quiz2 Sum2024 Solution

Digital Communication systems

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13 views9 pages

PDC Quiz2 Sum2024 Solution

Digital Communication systems

Uploaded by

Mahesh vangara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Principles of Digital Communications

Summer 2024

Mastery Quiz #2

1. Given is the following pulse shape used for polar signaling. The bit rate is
100 kbps.
p(t)
2

Tb /2 Tb

-1

What change in the amplitude would cause the original symbol energy to be
multiplied by a factor of 2?
𝑇#
𝐸! = (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)" (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = 𝐴"
2
𝑇# 𝑇#
"
2𝐸! = (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = 2𝐴 "
= 𝐴""
2 2
" " (2)
2𝐴 = 𝐴" , 𝐴" = √2𝐴 = √2 = 2.8284

2. For the pulse above, what bit rate (in kbps) would cause the original symbol
energy to be multiplied by a factor of 2?
𝑇#
𝐸! = (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)" (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = 𝐴"
2
𝑇 # 𝑇#
2𝐸! = 2𝐴" = 𝐴" !
2 2
𝑇#! is the new pulse duration
2𝑇# = 𝑇#!
1
𝑇# = $
= 1 × 10%& = 10 × 10%' = 10 𝜇𝑠
100 × 10
𝑇#! = 2 × 10%& = 20 𝜇𝑠
( (
𝑟#! = ")×()"# = 50 kbps. This is " of the original bit rate.

1
3. Rectangular pulses are to be used to send data. 8 different pulses of different
amplitudes (same durations) are used. Pulses are located at the following
voltages.
±2, ±6, ±10, ±14 Volts

If a bandwidth of 100 kHz is available and 95.0% of the energy is to be


transmitted, what is the data rate in kbps that will be achieved?
"
95.0% energy in + = 100 kHz
(
𝑟! = + =50,000 symbols/sec
!,-#./! #23!
3 bits/symbol, so C50,000 !01
D × C3 !,-#./D = 150,000 bps
150 kbps

4. What bandwidth is needed to achieve 320 kbps when using 16-PAM with
rectangular pulses that are required to transmit 96.6% of the energy to be
accurate?

𝑟# = 320 kbps
$")
𝑟! = 4 = 80,000 symbols/sec
( (
𝑇! = 𝜏 = 5 = 6),))) = 12.5 𝜇𝑠
$
$ $
BW=+ = (".& :! = 240,000=240 kHz

For the following questions, a modulation scheme is used with the following signal
constellation.

2
5. Now is used a symbol time of 1 microsecond and 4 cycles per symbol. Consider
the following signals that come from plots of the cosine function. The following
bit stream is to be transmitted.

Bit stream: 1011010110110001

For which of the signals below are the first two symbols (0 to 2 microseconds)
correct?
Coordinates
Symbol 1: 1011 à (3,1)
Symbol 2: 0101 à (-1,-1)

First two symbols


A.

Correct
B.

Second symbol has incorrect amplitude and phase

3
C.

Second symbol has incorrect phase


D.

Both symbols have amplitudes and phases.

Another example for Question 5.

For which of the signals below are the first two symbols (0 to 2 microseconds)
correct?

Bit stream: 1110011110110101

Coordinates
Symbol 1: 1110 à (1,3)
Symbol 2: 0111 à (-1,1)

4
First two symbols
A.

Correct
B.

First symbol has incorrect amplitude and phase


C.

Second symbol has incorrect phase

5
D.

Both symbols have incorrect phase.

6. Using the same frequency and bit rate from Question 5, the following bit stream
is to be transmitted.

Bit stream: 1011010100111001

For which of the signals below are the last two symbols (2 to 4 microseconds)
correct?
Coordinates
Symbol 3: 0011 à (-3,1)
Symbol 4: 1001 à (3,-1)

Last two symbols


A.

Correct

6
B.

Second symbol has incorrect amplitude and phase


C.

Both have incorrect phases


D.

Incorrect second phase.

7
Another example for Question 6.

Using the same frequency and bit rate from Question 5, the following bit stream is
to be transmitted.

Bit stream: 1011010111000110

For which of the signals below are the last two symbols (2 to 4 microseconds)
correct?
Coordinates
Symbol 3: 1100 à (1,-3)
Symbol 4: 0110 à (-1,3)

Last two symbols


A.

Correct
B.

Second symbol has incorrect amplitude and phase

8
C.

Second symbol has incorrect phase


D.

Both symbols have incorrect phase.

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