VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"Jnana Sangama", Belgavi-590 018, Karnataka, India

Report
On

Edge Computing: Redefining cloud Architectures

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By
Student Name USN:
ABHILASH A 1MV20CS001

Under the guidance of

Dr. T N Anitha
HOD, Professor, Dept of CSE

Department of Computer Science Engineering

Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
[Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum]
Bangaluru-562157
2020-2024
 Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology
[Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum]
Bangaluru-562157
2020-2024

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Technical Seminar entitled “Edge Computing: Redefining Cloud Architectures”
is carried out by Mr. ABHILASH A bearing USN: 1MV20CS001 a bonafide student of
Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the year 2023-24. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated have
been executed under the directions of Dr. T N Anitha. The report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect of Technical Seminar prescribed for the said degree.

____________________________________ ____________________________________
Signature of coordinator Signature of HOD

Ms. Dhivya V Dr. Anitha T N

Asst. Professor Hod & Professor
Dept of CSE Dept of CSE
Sir MVIT Sir MVIT
 DECLARATION

I, Mr. ABHILASH A bearing the USN 1MV20CS001, student of 8th Semester B.E. Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru declare
that the Technical Seminar entitled “Edge Computing: Redefining Cloud Architectures”, has been
duly executed by me under the guidance of Dr. T N Anitha, Department of Computer Science
Engineering, Sir MVIT, Bengaluru. The technical seminar report of the same is submitted in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering degree in Department of
Computer Science Engineering by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year
2023-2024.

Date:27/04/2024 ABHILASH A
Place: Bengaluru 1MV20CS001
 ABSTRACT
With Digital Transformation and emerging technologies that will enable “smart” everything – cities,
agriculture, cars, health, etc – in the future require the massive deployment of Internet of Things (IoT)
sensors while edge computing will drive the implementations. The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT)
and the success of rich cloud services have pushed the horizon of a new computing paradigm, edge
computing, which calls for processing the data at the edge of the network. Edge computing has the potential
to address the concerns of response time requirement, battery life constraint, bandwidth cost saving, as well
as data safety and privacy. In this paper, we introduce the definition of edge computing, followed by several
case studies, ranging from cloud offloading to smart home and city, as well as collaborative edge to
materialize the concept of edge computing. Finally, we present several challenges and opportunities in the
field of edge computing, and hope this paper will gain attention from the community and inspire more
research in this direction.
 CONTENTS

Chapter no: Chapter title: Page No:

1 Introduction 1
2 Technical Description 2
3 Applications 16
4 Conclusions 19
5 References 20

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No: Figure Name: Page No:

1 Working of Edge Computing 4

2 Cloud computing paradigm 6

3 Edge computing paradigm 7

4 In IIoT context 9
Edge Computing Introduction

CHAPTER - 1

Introduction

CLOUD computing has tremendously changed the way we live, work, and study since its inception
around 2005. For example, software as a service (SaaS) instance, such as Google Apps, Twitter,
Facebook, and Flickr, have been widely used in our daily life. Moreover, scalable infrastructures
as well as processing engines developed to support cloud service are also significantly influencing
the way of running business, for instance, Google File System, MapReduce, Apache Hadoop,
Apache Spark, and so on.

Internet of Things (IoT) was first introduced to the community in 1999 for supply chain
management, and then the concept of “making a computer sense information without the aid of
human intervention” was widely adapted to other fields such as healthcare, home, environment,
and transports. Now with IoT, we will arrive in the post-cloud era, where there will be a large
quality of data generated by things that are immersed in our daily life, and a lot of applications
will also be deployed at the edge to consume these data. By 2019, data produced by people,
machines, and things will reach 500 zettabytes, as estimated by Cisco Global Cloud Index,
however, the global data center IP traffic will only reach 10.4 zettabytes by that time. By 2019,
45% of IoT-created data will be stored, processed, analyzed, and acted upon close to, or at the edge
of, the network. There will be 50 billion things connected to the Internet by 2020, as predicted by
Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group. Some IoT applications might require very short response
time, some might involve private data, and some might produce a large quantity of data which
could be a heavy load for networks. Cloud computing is not efficient enough to support these
applications. With the push from cloud services and pull from IoT, we envision that the edge of
the network is changing from data consumer to data producer as well as data consumer. In this
paper, we attempt to contribute the concept of edge computing. We start from the analysis of why
we need edge computing, then we give our definition and vision of edge computing.

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

CHAPTER - 2

What is Edge Computing?

Edge computing is a “mesh network of micro data centers that process or store critical data locally and
push all received data to a central data center or cloud storage repository, in a footprint of less than 100
square feet,” according to research firm IDC.

Edge computing is a method of optimizing cloud computing systems by performing data processing at
the edge of the network, near the source of the data. This reduces the communications bandwidth needed
between sensors and the central datacenter by performing analytics and knowledge generation at or near
the source of the data. This approach requires leveraging resources that may not be continuously
connected to a network such as laptops, smartphones, tablets and sensors.

Edge computing covers a wide range of technologies including wireless sensor networks, mobile data
acquisition, mobile signature analysis, cooperative distributed peer-to-peer ad hoc networking and
processing also classifiable as local cloud/fog computing and grid/mesh computing, dew computing,
mobile edge computing, cloudlet, distributed data storage and retrieval, autonomic self-healing
networks, remote cloud services, augmented reality, and more.

It is typically referred to in IoT use cases, where edge devices would collect data – sometimes massive
amounts of it – and send it all to a data center or cloud for processing. Edge computing triages the data
locally so some of it is processed locally, reducing the backhaul traffic to the central repository.

Typically, this is done by the IoT devices transferring the data to a local device that includes compute,
storage and network connectivity in a small form factor. Data is processed at the edge, and all or a portion
of it is sent to the central processing or storage repository in a corporate data center, co-location facility
or IaaS cloud.

In Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), applications such as power production, smart traffic lights, or
manufacturing, the edge devices capture streaming data that can be used to prevent a part from failing,
reroute traffic, optimize production, and prevent product defects.

In the context of IIoT, 'edge' refers to the computing infrastructure that exists close to the sources of
data, for example, industrial machines (e.g. wind turbine, magnetic resonance (MR) scanner, undersea

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

blowout preventers), industrial controllers such as SCADA systems, and time series databases
aggregating data from a variety of equipment and sensors. These devices typically reside away from the
centralize computing available in the cloud.

The role of edge computing to date has mostly been used to ingest, store, filter, and send data to cloud
systems. We are at a point in time, however, where these computing systems are packing more compute,
storage, and analytic power to consume and act on the data at the machine location. This capability will
be more than valuable to industrial organizations—it will be indispensable.

How Edge Computing works?

Edge computing pushes applications, data and computing power (services) away from centralized points
to the logical extremes of a network. Edge computing replicates fragments of information across
distributed networks of web servers, which may spread over a vast area. As a technological paradigm,
edge computing is also referred to as mesh computing, peer-to-peer computing, autonomic (self-healing)
computing, grid computing, and by other names implying non-centralized, nodeless availability.

To ensure acceptable performance of widely dispersed distributed services, large organizations typically
implement edge computing by deploying Web server farms with clustering. Previously available only
to very large corporate and government organizations, edge computing has utilized technology advances
and cost reductions for large-scale implementations have made the technology available to small and
medium-sized businesses.

The target end-user is any Internet client making use of commercial Internet application services. Edge
computing imposes certain limitations on the choices of technology platforms, applications or services,
all of which need to be specifically developed or configured for edge computing.

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Edge Computing Technical Description

Fig 1: Working of Edge Computing

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

Why Do We Need Edge Computing?

1. Push From Cloud Services: Putting all the computing tasks on the cloud has been proved to be an
efficient way for data processing since the computing power on the cloud outclasses the capability of the
things at the edge. However, compared to the fast developing data processing speed, the bandwidth of
the network has come to a standstill. With the growing quantity of data generated at the edge, speed of
data, transportation is becoming the bottleneck for the cloud-based computing paradigm. For example,
about 5 Gigabyte data will be generated by a Boeing 787 every second, but the bandwidth between the
airplane and either satellite or base station on the ground is not large enough for data transmission.
Consider an autonomous vehicle as another example. One Gigabyte data will be generated by the car
every second and it requires real-time processing for the vehicle to make correct decisions. If all the data
needs to be sent to the cloud for processing, the response time would be too long. Not to mention that
current network bandwidth and reliability would be challenged for its capability of supporting a large
number of vehicles in one area. In this case, the data needs to be processed at the edge for shorter
response time, more efficient processing and smaller network pressure.

2. Pull from IoT: Almost all kinds of electrical devices will become part of IoT, and they will play the
role of data producers as well as consumers, such as air quality sensors, LED bars, streetlights and even
an Internet-connected microwave oven. It is safe to infer that the number of things at the edge of the
network will develop to more than billions in a few years. Thus, raw data produced by them will be
enormous, making conventional cloud computing not efficient enough to handle all these data. This
means most of the data produced by IoT will never be transmitted to the cloud, instead it will be
consumed at the edge of the network. Fig. 1 shows the conventional cloud computing structure. Data
producers generate raw data and transfer it to cloud, and data consumers send request for consuming
data to cloud, as noted by the blue solid line. The red dotted line indicates the request for consuming
data being sent from data consumers to cloud, and the result from cloud is represented by the green
dotted line. However, this structure is not sufficient for IoT. First, data quantity at the edge is too large,
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 Edge Computing Technical Description

which will lead to huge unnecessary bandwidth and computing resource usage. Second, the privacy
protection requirement will pose an obstacle for cloud computing in IoT. Lastly, most of the end nodes
in IoT are energy constrained things, and the wireless communication module is usually very energy
hungry, so offloading some computing tasks to the edge could be more energy efficient.

Fig 2: Cloud computing paradigm

3. Change from Data Consumer to Producer: In the cloud computing paradigm, the end devices at the
edge usually play as data consumer, for example, watching a YouTube video on your smart phone.
However, people are also producing data nowadays from their mobile devices. The change from data
consumer to data producer/consumer requires more function placement at the edge. For example, it is
very normal that people today take photos or do video recording then share the data through a cloud
service such as YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Moreover, every single minute, YouTube
users upload 72 h of new video content; Facebook users share nearly 2.5 million pieces of content;
Twitter users tweet nearly 300000 times; Instagram users post nearly 220000 new photos. However, the
image or video clip could be fairly large and it would occupy a lot of bandwidth for uploading. In this
case, the video clip should be demised and adjusted to suitable resolution at the edge before uploading
to cloud. Another example would be wearable health devices. Since the physical data collected by the
things at the edge of the network is usually private, processing the data at the edge could protect user
privacy better than uploading raw data to cloud.

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Edge Computing Technical Description

Fig 3: Edge computing paradigm

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

Edge computing vs. cloud computing

First of all, we need to say that edge computing is a special computing infrastructure existing at the
edges of data sources, e.g. devices (industrial machines like turbines, magnetic resonance systems, self-
driving cars, smart homes, and other smart devices envisaging incorporating many sensors and operating
with their data). In other words, it’s pushing the computing applications frontier away from centralized
nodes to the network extremes. That means edge computing requires leveraging device resources so that
they don’t need to be connected to the network (or data center) continuously.

The opposing method, cloud computing, requires that all things be connected to the central data storage,
where huge volumes of information are processed to find optimization solutions or make business
decisions. As a rule, cloud computing is associated with complex data processing operations requiring
significant computational power. At the same time, data accumulation and processing are not quick
enough to be applied in some special spheres where the computational results need to be applied
instantly.

The problem with cloud computing is widely known. It’s resulted in the appearance of a middle tier in
the data circulation model – fog computing. Fog computing is an attempt to push computing powers
closer to the data sources, eliminating response times without affecting efficiency. In fog computing, the
computing is distributed in the most logical, efficient place between the data source and the cloud – in a
“fog”. Fog is territorially closer to the devices as compared to the cloud, however, it’s still just a middle
chain pushing the information further even if it’s able to make some decisions on the fly.

For industrial companies to fully realize the value of the massive amounts of data being generated by
machines, edge computing and cloud computing must work together.

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

In IIoT context

When you consider these two technologies, think about the way you use your two hands. You will use
one or both depending on action required. Apply that to an IIoT example, where one hand is edge and
the other hand is cloud, and you can quickly see how in certain workloads your “edge hand” will play a
more prominent role while in other situations your “cloud hand” will take a lead position. And there will
be times when both hands are needed in equal measure.

Scenarios in which edge will dominate include a need for low latency (speed is of the essence) or where
there are bandwidth constraints (locations such as a mine or an offshore oil platform that make it neither
practical nor affordable, and in some cases impossible, to send all data from machines to the cloud). It
will also be important when Internet or cellular connections are spotty. Cloud computing will take a
more dominant position when actions require significant computing power, managing data volumes from
across plants, asset health monitoring and machine learning, and so on.

Fig 4: In IIoT context

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

The bottom line is this: cloud and edge are both necessary to industrial operations to gain the most value
from today’s sophisticated, varied, and volume of data applied across cloud and edge, wherever it makes
the most sense to achieve the desired outcomes.

Edge Computing vs. Fog computing

As the edge computing market takes shape, there’s an important term related to edge that is catching on:
fog computing. Both edge computing and fog computing are strongly on the rise for the same exact
reasons: an IoT data deluge.

This IoT data deluge, among others, takes place in the converging worlds of IT and OT (again
predominantly Industrial IoT) and occurs in general as we keep adding more IoT devices in the scope of
mainly large-scale IoT projects, the industrial markets of fourth industrial revolution and IoT use cases
and applications where a lot of data needs to be analyzed and leveraged, often also in an IT and OT
environment as we, for instance, find them in IoT in manufacturing.

Fog refers to the network connections between edge devices and the cloud. Edge, on the other hand,
refers more specifically to the computational processes being done close to the edge devices. So, fog
includes edge computing, but fog would also incorporate the network needed to get processed data to its
final destination.

Some have predicted that edge computing could displace the cloud. But Mung Chaing, dean of Purdue
University’s School of Engineering and co-chair of the OpenFog Consortium, believes that no single
computing domain will dominate; rather there will be a continuum. Edge and fog computing are useful
when real-time analysis of field data is required.

Edge computing examples

Here’s a couple of examples to help bring this computing concept to life.

Autonomous vehicles

With autonomous automobiles—essentially a datacenter on wheels— this type of computing plays a

dominant role. Intel, estimates that autonomous cars, with hundreds of on-vehicle sensors, will generate

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

40TB of data for every eight hours of driving. That’s a lot of data. It is unsafe, unnecessary, and
impractical to send all that data to the cloud.

It’s unsafe because the sensing, thinking, and acting attributes of edge computing in this use case must
be done in real-time with ultra-low latency to ensure safe operation for passengers and the public. An
autonomous car sending data to the cloud for analysis and decision-making as it traverses city streets
and highways would prove catastrophic. For example, consider a child chasing a ball into the street in
front of an oncoming autonomous car. In this scenario, low latency is required for decision and
subsequent actuation (the car needs to brake NOW!).

It’s unnecessary to send all that data to the cloud because this particular set of data has only short-term
value (a particular ball, a particular child on a collision with a particular car). Speed of actuation on that
data is paramount. It’s simply impractical (not to mention cost-prohibitive) to transport vast volumes of
data generated from machines to the cloud.

However, the cloud is still an important part of IIoT equation. The simple fact that the car had to respond
to such an immediate and specific event might be valuable data when aggregated into a digital twin, and
compared with the performance of other cars of its class.

Fleet management

In a scenario where a company has a fleet (think trucking company, for example), the main goal could
be to ingest, aggregate, and send data from multiple operational data points (think wheels, brakes,
battery, electrical) to the cloud. The cloud performs analytics to monitor the health of key operational
components. A fleet manager utilizes a fleet management solution to proactively service the vehicle to
maximize uptime and lower cost. The operator can track KPIs such as cost over time by part, and/or the
average cost of a given truck model over time. This in turn helps maintain optimal performance at a
lower cost and higher safety.

Coca Cola free style dispensers are using edge computing to quickly understand the consumer behavior
and help to be more responsive to needs.

GE locomotives take advantage of edge computing by gathering and processing real-time data about
railway conditions, train maintenance, and even crew morale to help railroad companies move trains
through crowded railway corridors in as safe and efficient a manner as possible.
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 Edge Computing Technical Description

With Digital Transformation and emerging technologies that will enable “smart” everything – cities,
agriculture, cars, health, etc – in the future require the massive deployment of Internet of Things (IoT)
sensors while edge computing will drive the implementations.

Edge computing terms and definitions

Edge: What the edge is depends on the use case. In a telecommunications field, perhaps the edge is a
cell phone or maybe it’s a cell tower. In an automotive scenario, the edge of the network could be a car.
In manufacturing, it could be a machine on a shop floor; in enterprise IT, the edge could be a laptop.

Edge server: Edge servers can be defined as “a computer for running middleware or applications that
sits close to the edge of the network, where the digital world meets the real world. Edge servers are put
in warehouses, distribution centers and factories, as opposed to corporate headquarters.”

Edge devices: These can be any device that produces data. These could be sensors, industrial machines
or other devices that produce or collect data.

Mobile edge computing: This refers to the buildout of edge computing systems in telecommunications
systems, particularly 5G scenarios. Mobile edge computing is a network architecture concept that
enables cloud computing capabilities and an IT service environment at the edge of the cellular network.
The basic idea behind MEC is that by running applications and performing related processing tasks
closer to the cellular customer, network congestion is reduced and applications perform better.

GE Digital, Qualcomm Technologies and Nokia announced a successful demonstration of a private LTE
network for Industrial IoT. As the news describes, “Industrial companies often have local connectivity
needs and operate in remote locations or temporary sites, such as mines, power plants, offshore oil
platforms, factories, warehouses or ports—connectivity for these environments can be challenging. A
standalone LTE network to serve devices and users within a localized area can help improve
performance and reliability for these industrial settings.”

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

Edge gateway: A gateway is the buffer between where edge computing processing is done and the
broader fog network. The gateway is the window into the larger environment beyond the edge of the
network.

Fat client: Software that can do some data processing in edge devices. This is opposed to a thin client,
which would merely transfer data.

Examples of edge devices

An edge device can be defined in several ways. You could think of it as an entry point into enterprise or
service provider core networks. Examples include routers, switches, integrated access devices (IADs),
multiplexers, and a variety of metropolitan area network (MAN) and wide area network (WAN) access
devices. These devices also provide connections into carrier and service provider networks. Edge
computing uses a range of existing and new equipment. Many devices, sensors and machines can be
outfitted to work in an edge computing environment by simply making them Internet-accessible. Cisco
and other hardware vendors have a line of ruggedized network equipment that has hardened exteriors
meant to be used in field environments. A range of computer servers, converged systems and even
storage-based hardware systems like Amazon Web Service’s Snowball can be used in edge computing
deployments.

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

Edge computing and IoT in 2018 and beyond

With real-time information even being a proven competitive differentiator it is clear the in the increasing
unstructured data deluge of which the IoT and sensor data deluge is part, traditional approaches don’t fit
anymore as we’ll see.

There are even applications and industries where, just on the level of sending data, traditional networks
don’t suffice, let alone can be used, for instance because of their remoteness and the costs it takes to
send all this data through, for instance, satellite communications.

So, for a mix of reasons (bandwidth, costs, speed, automation, maintenance, predictive analytics,
remoteness, you name it) we need a faster, cheaper and smarter approach than the traditional one which
typically goes like: gather the data, send them through networks to the cloud or other environments
where they can get processed and leveraged and so forth.

That’s where both edge computing and fog computing really come in. If your data is generated at the
edge in IoT, then why not bring all your intelligence and analysis as close to the edge, the source, as
possible, with all the obvious benefits. And it’s also where those promised forecasts on edge computing
and IoT come in.

Edge computing and IoT predictions

According to IDC (data announced in its November 1, 2017, worldwide IoT forecasts webcast) by 2020,
the IT spend on edge infrastructure will reach up to 18% of the total spend on IoT infrastructure. That
spend is driven by the deployment of converged IT and OT systems which reduces the time to value of
data collected from their connected devices IDC adds. It’s what we explained and illustrated in a nutshell.

According to a November 1, 2017, announcement regarding research of the edge computing market
across hardware, platforms, solutions and applications (smart city, augmented reality, analytics etc.) the
global edge computing market is expected to reach USD 6.72 billion by 2022 at a compound annual
growth rate of a whopping 35.4 percent.

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 Edge Computing Technical Description

The major trends responsible for the growth of the market in North America are all too familiar: a
growing number of devices and dependency on IoT devices, the need for faster processing, the increase
in cloud adoption, and the increase in pressure on networks.

In an October 2018 blog post, Gartner’s Rob van der Meulen said that currently, around 10% of
enterprise-generated data is created and processed outside a traditional centralized data center or cloud.
By 2022, Gartner predicts this figure will reach 50 percent.

Gartner’s definition of edge computing: “Gartner defines edge computing as solutions that facilitate data
processing at or near the source of data generation. For example, in the context of the Internet of Things
(IoT), the sources of data generation are usually things with sensors or embedded devices. Edge
computing serves as the decentralized extension of the campus networks, cellular networks, data center
networks or the cloud.”

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Edge Computing Applications

CHAPTER-3

Applications

Autonomous vehicles

With autonomous automobiles—essentially a datacenter on wheels— this type of computing plays a

dominant role. Intel, estimates that autonomous cars, with hundreds of on-vehicle sensors, will generate
40TB of data for every eight hours of driving. That’s a lot of data. It is unsafe, unnecessary, and
impractical to send all that data to the cloud.

It’s unsafe because the sensing, thinking, and acting attributes of edge computing in this use case must
be done in real-time with ultra-low latency to ensure safe operation for passengers and the public. An
autonomous car sending data to the cloud for analysis and decision-making as it traverses city streets
and highways would prove catastrophic. For example, consider a child chasing a ball into the street in
front of an oncoming autonomous car. In this scenario, low latency is required for decision and
subsequent actuation (the car needs to brake NOW!).

It’s unnecessary to send all that data to the cloud because this particular set of data has only short-term
value (a particular ball, a particular child on a collision with a particular car). Speed of actuation on that
data is paramount. It’s simply impractical (not to mention cost-prohibitive) to transport vast volumes of
data generated from machines to the cloud.

However, the cloud is still an important part of IIoT equation. The simple fact that the car had to respond
to such an immediate and specific event might be valuable data when aggregated into a digital twin, and
compared with the performance of other cars of its class.

Fleet management

In a scenario where a company has a fleet (think trucking company, for example), the main goal could
be to ingest, aggregate, and send data from multiple operational data points (think wheels, brakes,
battery, electrical) to the cloud. The cloud performs analytics to monitor the health of key operational
components. A fleet manager utilizes a fleet management solution to proactively service the vehicle to
maximize uptime and lower cost. The operator can track KPIs such as cost over time by part, and/or the

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Edge Computing Applications

average cost of a given truck model over time. This in turn helps maintain optimal performance at a
lower cost and higher safety.

Coca Cola free style dispensers are using edge computing to quickly understand the consumer behavior
and help to be more responsive to needs.

GE locomotives take advantage of edge computing by gathering and processing real-time data about
railway conditions, train maintenance, and even crew morale to help railroad companies move trains
through crowded railway corridors in as safe and efficient a manner as possible.

With Digital Transformation and emerging technologies that will enable “smart” everything – cities,
agriculture, cars, health, etc – in the future require the massive deployment of Internet of Things (IoT)
sensors while edge computing will drive the implementations.

Edge Computing Video Cache:

With the rapid development of the emerging Internet industry, the booming application programs have
led to the continuous growth of Internet traffic. The increasing video data traffic year by year will occupy
more Internet bandwidth resources. In front of the limited bandwidth resources, it is undoubtedly an
effective scheme to reasonably use the edge computing platform to cache local video. MEC, a platform
based on edge computing with video analysis and caching functions, is deployed in areas with high
traffic such as university towns, residential areas, commercial streets and others and frequent requests
for video playback. The edge computing intelligent analysis function is used to cache popular TV plays,
movies and other video resources with high download frequency on the nearby MEC server. When a
user sends out a video playing request, the video resource can achieve the effect of loading from the
local, thus not only saving bandwidth, but also greatly reducing the waiting time of the user. In addition,
content in MEC platform is optimized based on RAN-side perception, so that content can be dynamically
optimized according to network real-time information (network load, link quality, data throughput rate,
etc.), and the effect of improving Quality of Experience (QoE) and network efficiency is achieved.
Healthcare:

A vast amount of data is generated from the healthcare industry. It involves patient data from medical
equipment, sensors, and devices. Therefore, there is a greater need to manage, process, and store the
data. Edge computing helps here by applying machine learning and automation for data access. It helps

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Edge Computing Applications

identify problematic data that requires immediate attention by clinicians to enable better patient care and
eliminate health incidents.

Transportation:

The transportation sector, especially autonomous vehicles, produces terabytes of data every day.
Autonomous vehicles need data to be collected and analyzed while they are moving, in real-time, which
requires heavy computing. They also need data on vehicle condition, speed, location, road and traffic
conditions, and nearby vehicles. To handle this, the vehicles themselves become the edge where the
computing takes place. As a result, data is processed at an accelerated speed to fuel the data collection
and analysis needs

Agriculture:

In farming, edge computing is utilized in sensors to track nutrient density and water usage and optimize
the harvest. For this, the sensor collects data on environmental, temperature, and soil conditions. It
analyzes their effects to help enhance the crop yield and ensure they are harvested during the most
favorable environmental conditions.

Retail:

Retail businesses also generate large chunks of data from stock tracking, sales, surveillance, and other
business information. Using edge computing enables people to collect and analyze this data and find
business opportunities like sales prediction, optimizing vendor orders, conducting effective campaigns,
and more.

Smart Industry:

has perfectly aligned with the most recent industry 4.0 requirements; this integration is also known as
industrial edge computing [330]. Predictive maintenance is an approach that new industries rely on to
reduce their CAPEX and OPEX expenses. In it, the machine is equipped with various IIoT (industrial
IoT) sensors counting temperature, vibration, and pressure sensors, which gather data that is then
transferred to fog nodes to be processed there for predicting machines failures and errors. Further, the
fourth industrial generation intends to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) into its manufacturing
processes. Because industrial companies cannot transfer their private data (for example, videos from the
production scenes) to the Cloud, they must rely on the edge
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Edge Computing Conclusion

CHAPTER-4

Conclusion:

Edge computing provides data storage and computing at the edge of the network, and provides Internet
intelligent services nearby, providing support for the digital transformation of various industries, and
meeting the requirements of different industries for data diversification. Edge computing has become a
hot research issue. In the future, with the continuous development of the Internet and human society,
edge computing will play a more important role and effectively promote the development of various
industries. It plays an important application role in Content Delivery Network (CDN), industrial Internet,
energy, smart home, smart transportation, games and other fields.

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 Edge Computing References

REFERENCES

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[2] G. Kaur and R. S. Batth, "Edge Computing: Classification, Applications, and Challenges," 2021 2nd
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[3] S.Douch, M. R. Abid, K. Zine-Dine, D. Bouzidi and D. Benhaddou, "Edge Computing Technology
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[5] C. Martín Fernández, M. Díaz Rodríguez and B. Rubio Muñoz, "An Edge Computing Architecture
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Computing (ISORC), Singapore, 2018, pp. 99-102, doi: 10.1109/ISORC.2018.00021.

[6] M. Talebkhah, A. Sali, M. Marjani, M. Gordan, S. J. Hashim and F. Z. Rokhani, "Edge computing:
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[7] N. Hassan, S. Gillani, E. Ahmed, I. Yaqoob and M. Imran, "The Role of Edge Computing in Internet
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