Colarado

school of
In 2022 Nasa did plan
mines offers
to send a spacecraft
One a new
to study 16-psyche, a
estimate of NASA spacecraft degree in
very profitable near New Mexico-
the value of China is now engaging in a technological race OSIRIS-Rex is orbiting asteroid
earth asteroid, based planetoid The US and
a single in order to compete with the USA's private 101955 Bennu which mining and
however this deadline Mines to find a
sector with a lot of activity towards this sector in should return with samples planets Luxembourg
asteroid was not met sustainable fuel
2021. In April 2021 Shenzhen Origin Space in 2023 introduced
nased on its resorucing
Technology Co.Ltd laucnehd their first precausionary
concentration method in space
spacecraft named NEO-1 dediciating to space steps to
of metals, is mining. India has followed similar sentiments regulate
over 20 and is investigating Helium-3 a rich lunar dust In 2010, Deep space space
trillion which can generate energy but this has been America
indusrries and Planetary mining
put on the back burner as of 2022.
The greatest cost involved in mining asteroids will be resources proposed
transporting the materials back to Earth. So the mining NEORA
asteroid mining projects
will need to be extremely lucrative in order to make claims it has
these expenditures worth it. But that could easily be the which caused anticipation
developed
case. After all, 7,500 tonnes of platinum is worth but these projects have
This could an optimum
upwards of $150bn. According to one estimate, the total slown or come to a He did this
suggest that method for
value of a single asteroid, based on its concentration of
rare earth and platinum-group metals, is over $20tr (yes,
trillion). Asteroid mining will, therefore, be an
The economic Covid-19 has had only a small effect on
mining just leading to some delays with
the market
will still be
stand-still
President
as he
believed Joint detrminign
the value of
most companies now moving to missions
unavoidably attractive endeavour for profit-hungry
corporations. and legal commercialization. Lots of countries like
the UAE are now devloping laws to help
profitable
during
Trump signed
an executive
there was
trillions of
an asteroid.

outbreaks order to dollars to be

progression build connections and attract
investment.
which is still
a constatnt
attempt to
encourage
made over
10-20 years
fear Countries Austrailain
comapanies to
mine which
By developing this global framework, was
Japaneese
the enthusiasm built from private This is also supported by government successful
UK spacecraft,
sectors will advent the feasibilty of initiatives are to help growth of the Hayabusa2
space mining which would need mass market. This is being done by issuing Future of space Japan investigated 162173
production of high level, complex licenses to parties attempting to conduct Ryugu to xatch
technology which could be seen as a activities in space and enforcing new mining samples which should
hinderance or encourage competition regulations. With the US's new act called have returned in
The Commercial Space Launch Mitch
Hunter-Scullion head 2020.
Competitiveness Act encouraging private
companies to start mining in space. In of a Liverpool based
As a global entity we Laws were created in the mid to late
2020, the US changed profit laws to help Asteroid Mining
lack the foresight and 1900's and thus do not reflect the
support firms who are attempting to mine Coorperation and is
laws inplace to be able technology we now have and although
in space. These ideas have also been lookimg for investors
to cope with the say that countries cannot claim
followed by the UAE and and Luxembourg to help build a
economic and political territory, it doesn't disapporve of
who are adding in new legal laws. Japan satalite which will
implications commercial use
became the forth and most current nation use spectropy to
in 2021 to lay legal foundations for space identify optimal
mining. This is done to encourage growth platinum group It orbits Nasa is
It is Plus trying
metals. This will cost around currently
currently to get every
8 million and will 2.5-3.3 AU launching a
believed to country ti Probably would be the first type mined
take 5 years and will from us so mission to due to its composition being understood
have a agree to a
need support from 2.5X-3.3X investigate Volatiles like water are
Eventually, the exploration factor lost its composition new law is by us and requiring less energy to break
other companies our distance Psyche to more focused on due to
impact and due to the ever chaging of metal anf highly slim and magnitise. Although this process of
from the look at its their easier extraction
demand for mining and trends, the law silicate extracting ores will vary depending on
sun composition, Metalsd like the platinum groups are process
composition, location, density and other
was considered ineffective for the gravitiational the main focus due to the high cost of
factors
government. This may be reflective of pull extraction and so the value of the
space mining Got its name from Annibale de metal must justify this cost
Gasparis who discovered it in There are
1852. He named it after the Psyche-16 It has a potato shape of 280X232KM two broad
greek godess of the soul who making it failry large and has two main 8% Metal
categories: 75% Volatile
married Eros dents in it which is an indicator of Rich
Assumed that mineral development Volatiles Rich
different metals and could tell us more There is two concerns (M-Type)
is the best use of the land, where and metals (carbonaceous)
about how cores are formed with platinum, the
valuable minerals are present. To mitigate the
kmining is done by only
Furthermore it argues that providing mining issues The Distrubition
a few countries which
room for exploration is not a strong there has composition of denser
enough incentive for mining Asteroids been
leaves political issues in
of the metals (like
incentives to
focus. Also the
What will asteroid belt the platinum
worth recycle these
envriomental effect as
mines are going deeper
group) is
metals and deeper in order to be even across
In 1872, the mining law was researching find these rarer metals
the asteroid
introduced and was described extracted? belt
as being completely beneficial
Ice contains
giving free access to federal 1. How long will be needed in order to 1. Is asteroid mining an economically
drinking
lands for mining and launch a rocket with the intention of
water, feasible task as of today?
exploration The Key elememts oxygen and They will mine mining for raw materials?
Attached is
needed by industreis to could be a
the link to
near earth
potential asteroids 1. Do you see a future in asteroid
produce will currently be fuel source
their website
which a 1.3 mining as an avenue for business,
JOHN D. LESHY, THE gone in 50 years. These astronomical leisure and technological
MINING LAw: A STUDY IN can be found on astroids units. advancement? 1. Will asteroid mining require the
PERPETUAL MOTION They are Questions for combination of multiple countries and
However, this is usually
hoping to mine
Nasa businesses as seen on the only applicable in the
11-13 (1987). plarinum group
international space station. long-run as factors of
metals and ice.
Asteroid production are fixed in the
However, this interest Mining 28,000 short-run
Resembles the financial movement
will not be enough to Corperation currently 1.Has there been any consideration for
to mine the western frontier in the
Socially, this would reduce fuel space exploration. Beyond Earth: Why We Explore, NASA, identified the environmental, economic or
1800's Firms and
cost of energy in most http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/ political impact of asteroid mining? If
governements will whyweexplore/why-we-explore-main.html May cap the
countries and may be able to so, what consideration? Longer the
need a political, or (last updated Oct. 2, 2012). amount of
help countries in poorer One of the inital spurs of dpace mining Producer with chance to
economical incentive There introduction:":Welcome to AMC, the raw
reigons industrialise quicker came in the form of deep sea missions to Earth's portal to the space mining
high storage respond is, the
industry. We are a space resources materials more elastic the
extract metals. These comnapnies exited company currently developing robotic
and satellite platforms to enable the 1. Which of the benefits above do you produced capacity can
the fields in the late 10's due to a lack of exploration and extraction of off-world
believe is the most beneficial to increase supply product is
There are four
Companies
resources, including from asteroids. These
This harnessing of power by Humanity's interest in the heavens has been
Space solar power could provide an funding failed planetary remnants from the early
formation of the Solar System are an
humanity in the next 100 years? And types: elastic,
private companies could provide universal and en- during. Humans are driven
alternative to non renewabel to explore the unknown, discover new
untapped source of Platinum Group
why do you think this? inelastic and
major profits by selling on ot Metals, key ingredients in a range of

soruces of energy and ios highly worlds, push the boundaries of our scientific modern technologies from hydrogen cars
perfectly elastic/
governements. and technical limits, and then push further.
to smartphones and prosthetic limbs."
Time to
effecient and easy to obtain. It is The intangible desire to explore and
inelastic Availbility Inventories
"non polluting" challenge the boundaries of what we know of raw respond
One key area of this is
and where we have been has provided One of the main reasons materials
benefits to our society for centuries." reusable rockets which
Those developments for the increase in interest If factors of
would reduce
cover a wide variety of in- is the reduce costs in production are
dustries, including NASA's manufacturing costs by Price elasticity of
Technology Transfer and rocket manufacturing easily avaible and
aerospace, biotech, green a factor up to 16 supply is the
environmental Commercialization Office The effect of introducing a firms are able to
responsiveness
technologies, has listed
high magnitude of raw Determinants prioritise it, price
Expasion of Determinant of quantity of
communications,
consumer products,
electrical,
an abundance of
developments as
available for licensing by
Scarcity space Are the of price
materials is determined by
the price elasticity of the
supplied on the
economy
will become more
elastic
This is due to

These may lead to a form of ripple

manufacturing, material,
optics, sensors and
the private sector
exploration technological Aims: To see whether incentives for material Mobility of
factors
robotics, and software advancements and
effect in other industries, for govermenty subsidies the hype of asteroid With unused capacity, it
example the technology could be
Simplistically, in certain countries firms to mine The Outer Space Treaty
Excess can be assumed that
used applied to medicine and thus
However, our
Expanding it could also
This is done mining in its provides the basic Length and capacity firms will respond quickly
with a price decrease
save lives
knowledge is
expanding as missions
technology Incentives be just to
preserve
by
becoming This links to economic value is asteroids framework on international
space law, including the
following principles:
complexity
of production If the process is
multiplanetary Carl Segan Space treaty of
by NASA will be able
to provide much more
humanity
worth the time,money, beneficial enough 1966 laid thr
groundwork for the
more complex,
price is considered
infomation on them. less elastic
Minerals for
A 500 metre
asteroid has
and research required to society to Legal laws. Still in effect
today - the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out
The dust produced by trying extraction for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and shall
more silicon "The open road still softly calls, like a nearly side
to nudge one asteroid from
NASA although not
Although there has been
lots of research put into Could
than all used in
computing
forgotten song of childhood. We invest
far-off places with a certain romance. The
justify the cost? be the province of all mankind;
- outer space shall be free for exploration and use by all
States;
producing a harmful near- earth asteroid contain Area of space - outer space is not subject to national appropriation by claim
chips in history appeal, I suspect, has been meticulously of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any
amount. Shows that a reserach, we know little platinum, is owned by other means; Although this does
larger scale operation will crafted by natural selection as an essential
about the composition of which would Asteroids This market all byt no one - States shall not place nuclear weapons or other weapons of prevent countries
generate a lot of debris element in our survival. Long summers, mass destruction in orbit or on celestial bodies or station
near earth asteroids help the contain an is worth 100 at the same from claiming
mild winters, rich harvests, plentiful Currently there is no
them in outer space in any other manner;
massive abundance Billion time - the Moon and other celestial bodies shall be used celestial bodies, it
Research game? none of them lasts forever. Your
regulations detailing the exclusively for peaceful purposes; does not prevent
Firms will need to firstly
invest more money into
about space
mining is
Another issue is with the
shortage
currently
of water own life, or your band's, or even your
species' might be owed to a restless Questions Treated
extraction of minerals out
of Earth and how it would
- astronauts shall be regarded as the envoys of mankind;
- States shall be responsible for national space activities
whether carried out by governmental or non-governmental
mining on asteroids
Helium-3 could be mined Will help remove the
be regulated like
exploration. This is to very sparse few? drawn, by a craving they can hardly
entities;
ensure that deposits are technology needed to which has the potential articulate or understand, to undiscovered conflicts found over - States shall be liable for damage caused by their space
and belongs
profitable at todays to only a
extract ores from a This can be to be used in nuclear lands and new worlds." seperate minerals Antartica objects; and
vaccum which will need used to fission as a future power found on earth for - States shall avoid harmful contamination of space and
prices few groups celestial bodies.
Mining cannot be pin pointed to be funded prior either source example in the DRC as
to one country and so may sustain the Assumptions
the demand and What would the Governements do not
effect areas beyond the rocket or be A new field on space pressure to mine In recent events, India
Most of the international intervene with this
jurisdiction of law currently sold to earth sustainability aimed at becomes lesser, thus has sent a rocket into
research Envriomental community say Who or what project and do not
and so it is important that This type of mining will take tackling space debris is will reduce human about space imploy any tarrifs or space and so questions
done is Some companies have governing body Currently on 7g of astroid
international regulations are many more decades and so based on managed to extract
expanding with the UN rights abuse impacts mining? would be blockades to prevent are now being rose about
material has been collected
successful in limiting
countries power but needs a
will not help tackle climate
change as of now, so isn't a
Complications estimations small amounts of
taking notice
responsible for
the selling of these
goods.
the `bility to mine in space
and safely returned to
and asteroid rock which is controlling the Earth, this hasnt been
balance to encourage true alternative assumptions
being evaluated Platinum will be more influx of money? deemed illegal by any
advancment in space The technology
Mining in space will be a fraction of the envriomentally friendly international community.
currently
cost found on earth but is dependent There is finite Implications to mine than water used is availble in
on the aount of rocket launches resoruces in this the modern day.
It is likely that the Although this will fill
Could leasd needed and propellants used for
first time asteorid up demand for world and so
to a new transportation
mining is done will platinum groups, it governements may
version of This assumes that
be the only time will not fufill demand look to space in
colonialism the platinum
due to competition for lower level metals Resource
like lithium
order to fill the returned to earth is
abundance doesn't
demand of 100% primary or
always mean
Richer secondary platinum
wealth. It can have
countries the opposite effect
It could lead can sustain
Daniel to space development Mining is
Pitchman capitalism - Regulatory stability ? including tax frameworks, in particular ? is
dependable Technology
states that whereas critically important to mining firms as they are obliged to make
Alternative made by
long-term capital investments. Regulatory frameworks should
on the type Oil is a primary worry, These means It
mining LIC wont be be transparent and apply to all firms, reducing the potential for Mining does mining
asteroids able to
corrupt or rent-seeking behaviour.
- The way in which revenue from raw materials is spent and
of asteroid not bring methods to however it can be made have only just
astroids demonsrates
invested is also important. For example, the government of
mined from the conversion of been starting to be that future
will lead to Victor L. Shammas and Botswana has spent the totality of revenue earned from its vast direct astroid could be
diamond reserves over the last three decades on health, natural gas and coal. Or considered. damage to
further Tomas B. Holen issued a education and infrastructure. employment used to help
- Some countries have successfully created clusters around their
mining through biologically means the
inequality critical theory paper on mining sectors. In Australia, mining services? engineering, this.
on earth space capitalism in their mapping, geological analysis, specialised equipment and
technologies for extraction and processing? have grown
envrioment
paper one giant leap for five-fold in the last 15 years, now accounting for 7% of
Australian employment, far more than mining itself. Due to this heavy Some countries restrict the This would will cause a
capitalistkind: private - In other countries where illegal mining persists, civil society
focus on resoruces amount of exports allowed to The method of reduce the shift
organisations have been working with small-scale miners to
enterprise in outer space adapt sustainable mining practices.
and mining, there is encourage people to move into Electricity is converting economic towards
- Good quality, detailed geological information is key for
(2019) minerals-rich countries looking to attract investment. Such a lack of funding into tertiary sectors also an direct solar impact of space
information is a public good and can enhance the efficiency of
mining and prospecting operations. other services extremely energy into introdcing mining as
This extract illustrates the risk important masses of we have
useable energy
of this adding capitalism into energy minerals akready
(COPIED) is a
space will only benefit a small source. into the seen now
The resource As states by OCED, this has technological The emission stock in Fig. 5 follows an s-shape as metal production switches from
But how are we to understand NewSpace? In some ways, NewSpace signals the group which will create a Fliess, B., E. Idsardi and R. Rossouw economy.
Policy alternatives to export restrictions effect other reasons like to generate challange Earth to Space. The planner optimizes production such as to just reach the emission
emergence of capitalism in space. The production of carrier rockets, placement of monopoly and translate many (2017), "Export controls and
revenue for the government, to control constraint. The steepest slope in emissions coincides with the peak in investment on
satellites into orbit around Earth, and the exploration, exploitation, or colonization of outer capitalistic issues we face (OCED) competitiveness in African mining and
There are
minerals processing industries", OECD the export of illegally mined products,
space (including planets, asteroids, and other celestial objects), will not be the work of today Trade Policy Papers, No. 204, OECD to enhance environmental protection, alternatives Could use Earth, capital stock, production scalar, and output, as well as the spike in Space R&D
humankind as such, a pure species-being (Gattungswesen), but of particular capitalist Publishing,
This may not Lacking expenditures. From this point, Earth capital knowledge stocks are allowed to
or to offset exchange rate impacts fusion
entrepreneurs who stand in for and represent humanity. Crucially, they will do so in ways Paris,https:// doi.org/ 10.1787/ 1fddd828-en. be the most caused by exports of several foresight depreciate, and production shifts to Space metal output. The net emission intensity
optimal way to energy
modulated by the exigencies of capital accumulation. These enterprising capitalists are Also hints at the commodities. and scarcity declines, and eventually results in the plateau of emissions at the ceiling.
forging a new political-economic regime in space, a post-Fordism in space aimed at profit achive these instead of
It could become a lawless potential of Nuclear, will prevent
maximization and the apparent minimization of government interference. A new breed of Low income economic fission
wild western society as a becoming "spatial however, the needed Fig. 2 illustrates the optimal time path for R&D investment in metal production on
charismatic, starry-eyed entrepreneurs, including Musk?s SpaceX, Richard Branson?s elasticity of goals energy
meritocracy with only the fixed" only focused Fluctuating Stabalise this will investment This is used to detail savings Earth and in Space. There is initially some R&D conducted on Earth as there is room
Virgin Galactic, and Amazon billionaire Jeff Bezos?s Blue Origin, to name but a selection, demand
rich profitting which is not aim at becoming ?capitalists in space?(Parker, 2009) or space capitalists. Neil on expanding price price become a to transition for Earth metal production to expand relative to the emission ceiling.
and investment dynamics
currentky protected by Armstrong?s famous statement will have to be reformulated: space will not be the site of outward instead of To avoid Provide challange This from earth
improving inward Positive Increases once
around the transition from
Low Earth Orbit regulation ?one giant leap for mankind?, but rather one giant leap for capitalistkind. With the excessive producers depends on to space
ascendancy of NewSpace, humanity?s future in space will not be ?ours?, benefiting looking at humanity externalities farmers Uranium mining metals on Earth to Space
Uncertainty prices for and farmers the mining
humanity tout court, but will rather be the result of particular capitalists, or capitalistkind, income and
Could be leading to goods with The aim of with a effeciency
toiling to recuperate space and bring its vast domain into the fold of capital accumulation: Thorium get
NewSpace sees outer space as the domain of private enterprise, set to become the due to lack of important the minimum Increases and cost of
Hints at the income used up The modern
?first-trillion dollar industry?, according to some estimates, and likely to produce the income social governments wages Costly to each What does
colonization welfare interventions completely intergrated
world?s first trillionaires (see, e.g., Honan, 2018)? as opposed to Old Space, a derisive buy up all it actually Note: ALL footers are copied and pasted fro,
of poorer Results:
moniker coined by enthusiastic proponents of capitalism-in-space, widely seen to have the surplus show assessment https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2221345120
been the sole preserve of the state and a handful of giant aerospace corporations, reigons Discourage Could be Make model.
including Boeing and Lockheed Martin, in Cold War-era Space Age. being from Buffer demerit due to demerit
half private stocks goods Could be
cooperations goods more
counterintuitive as This was
expensive
Issues with farmers may seen in The
minimum increase ECC
prices production so the Common
Method by Methods of goverment buys it Agricultural Fig. 4 shows the resulting transition from metal production on Earth to Space.
the Minimum A minimum price Policy Production initially occurs on Earth, due to the historical accumulation of R&D
This is a combination of minimum
and maximum prices and minimum
goverment
Nudges
intervention by the prices will lead to a knowledge, and the initially nonbinding emission constraint. Once the emission
to influence surplus (Q1-Q3) so constraint begins to bind, metal output on Earth falls in accordance with declining
prices
demand government the goverment will capital investment, depreciating capital stocks, and labor allocation shifting to Space.
indirectly need to buy this up Metal output in Space rapidly grows to exceed output on Earth following this Space
and store it or investment-intensive period.
impose quotas
Could encourage firms to be The Fig. 1 illustrates the transition between investment in mining capital on Earth and in
inefficent as they do not have
Issues Subsidy If supply and government Space. In the initial period, investment in mining capital is increasing on Earth as the
government support demand are will 3) Impact was then cumulative history of R&D and higher initial productivity justifies continued
Maximum inelastic thn setting therefore evaluated
Predicted that the cost investment. Around period 30, the emission ceiling starts to bind, and investment
Prices a maximum price need to depending on what
to make and send the turns to Space mining capital. This only occurs after some initial R&D has been
will have no effect ration goods type of asteroid is
Cost to the
government
Supliers
Could be
due to
on creating
shortages
and
services
space craft would be
$1358M and also
$2647M to return the
Types of coding mined.
conducted to increase the productivity of Space mining. At one point, there is no
capital investment, as all resources that are not consumed are devoted to R&D in
Space mining, which is more valuable than capital investment.
could hold Encourages spacecraft
monopolies
over stock
Issues with
Maximum
price
black
market algorithm Finally, they used a
grey correlation to The evolution of the production scalar in Fig. 3 describes the increase in output
and so can Demand is operations COPIED detail the expected associated with various combinations of labor and capital in Space and Earth
charge high The good is price growth in space following R&D expenditures. On Earth, the production scalar increases initially as
socially inelastic mining and the
prices
important It will cause
a shortage
- The cost estimate:
o Represents the most likely estimate based on
GRS increase in cost of
raw materials.
R&D still has positive returns below the emission ceiling. As the ceiling binds, R&D
increases the scalar for Space production, and knowledge stocks for Earth
cost-risk simulation results
However, they do production are allowed to depreciate, causing a decline in the Earth production
as demand o Includes mass growth allowance
acknowledge that scalar.
is greater o Is a parametric estimate based on mostly Their model showed
than supply mass-based Cost Estimating Relationships (CERs) this is only a that the gap between
leading to using historical cost data hypothetical space-competitive
o Includes planetary systems integration wraps situation and more
consumers o Includes flight software costs based on analogy to
countries and
2) Created a
beign the Dawn flight system o Does not include the cost work needs to be Results: companies and not so
Unified Equity
unable to of propellant done competitive ones
Index taken into
buy would increase
account factors
drastically with equity
QUOTED "We suggest the UN add 1) Started by such as
become much graver
the Mining Information Policy, Mineral doing an analysis unemployment,
Legacy Policy, Mutual Assistance of the capabilities education and life
Policy, Antitrust Policy, and expectanty
Transaction Guidance Policy to the Recommendations Gem AI Steps taken
for the
of nations to carry
out space mining
updated version of the Outer Space by the Type something

Treaty," said He Sun. "There are researchers Research research:

unimaginably tremendous resources
in space, and if we do not exploit and
distribute them wisely, the
consequence will be severe."