Internship Alternative

Literature – Survey
On

Libraries- Changing Trends

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Degree of

BACHELOR OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

By

……………………………….

Enrollment No.:…………

Faculty of Library and Information Science

School of Social Sciences (SOSS)
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110068
 Contents
Literature Survey Report- Literature forms the basis of any scholarly
writing. Hence, it is important for the learners to learn and write a
literature survey report. There are three types of source literature, viz,
primary, secondary and tertiary. While undertaking a literature survey
you would need to use all of these. For choosing a topic of literature
survey also, you need to refer to literature. Moreover, it should be an
area of your interest. Some of the illustrative areas from which you can
choose are as follows:

Libraries- Changing Trends

Digital Libraries, Institutional Repositories
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Libraries
Information Resources- OA, OER
Digital Information Services
E- resources
NEP 2020 and Libraries

You may use the following broad structure for the report:

1. Abstract- Please give an abstract of your work in about 200 words

2. Introduction- This should provide a background to the work and the

topic undertaken by you. Hence, the introduction should include the
concept of ‘literature review’ as well as the topic of the literature
review.

3. Aims and Objectives- Every work is undertaken with some aims and
objectives, so is the review of literature. Objectives should be clearly
mentioned in small steps moving from general to particular. State the
objectives as clear and crisp steps that are achievable.
4. Scope and Limitations- Mention the scope of your review in terms
of the contents and other areas like geographical coverage or coverage
of the source literature in terms of time or form.
5. Methodology- Indicate the method of literature collection here. This
would include the sources of literature and the search tools, techniques
and strategies used.
6. Themes and Subthemes- Literature survey has to be presented under
themes and sub- themes. For that you need to have a conceptual clarity
of the topic. You must have read quality background material on the
topic in books or other reference sources that helps you to prepare a
conceptual map of the topic in terms of its themes and sub-themes. Try
to review the literature in terms of these topics and sub-topics. Also try
to organise the review in terms of basic conceptual articles to
theoretical articles and research articles. Present the discussion in third
form and enclose aspects taken as such from the source literature in
double inverted commas.
7. Conclusion and Suggestions- The review should follow with a
conclusion that should highlight the areas that have been covered and
those that have not been studied and need more research.
8. References and Bibliography- References need to be provided in-
text as citations. Follow APA standard
You may prepare a report of about 5,000 words. Please note that your
report will be checked for plagiarism at the time of evaluation. It should
not exceed a limit of 10%.
 EVALUATION CRITERIA

1. Introduction 05
2. Aims and Objectives 10
3. Scope and Limitations 10
4. Methodology 10
5. Themes and Subthemes 20
6. Presentation( use of own words) 30
7. Conclusion and Suggestions 10
8. Referencing 05
 1. Introduction

Libraries have been an important part of societies for

centuries,serving as repositories of knowledge and providing access to
information and resources. With the advent of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT), libraries have undergone
significant changes in the way they operate and provide services. One
of the most significant impacts of ICT on libraries is the digitization of
information. With the widespread use of the internet and digital
technologies, libraries have been able to digitize their collections and
make them available online. This has increased access to information
and resources, allowing users to access materials from anywhere in the
world at any time. In addition, digital collections can be easily searched
and organized, making it easier for users to find the information they
need.ICT has also transformed the way libraries provide services to
their users. Libraries now offer a range of online services, such as
online catalogues, e-book lending, and online reference services. These
services provide users with greater flexibility and convenience,
allowing them to access library resources from their homes or
workplaces.

Furthermore, ICT has enabled libraries to better manage their

collections and resources. Libraries can now use sophisticated library
management systems to track and organize their collections, making it
easier to manage and retrieve information. In addition, libraries can use
data analytics to understand how their resources are being used and to
make informed decisions about resource allocation and collection
development. Hence we can say that libraries are adopting changes
with the transformation in the outer world and try to reach and satisfy
its users in all possible ways. The paper discusses the latest trends in
Library and Information services by using latest digital technologies.
 2. Aims and Objectives

Objectives of the Study:

✓ To recognize use of latest technological tools in libraries

✓ To explore various types of recent technological tools such as
Internet of Things, Federated Search.
✓ To understand the process of Electronic Resource Management in
Libraries.
✓ To discuss the role of libraries using technology and latest trends.
✓ To understand use of latest trends in technology in providing
library services to next level using Digital Displays, Gamification
and Augmented Reality.
Libraries are one of the foremost critical social institutions. No society
is complete without a library storing information from the world over
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have extensively
impacted libraries and their services. Earlier, libraries offered manual
information resources and services to their users, but now, libraries are
opening up to digitalization, primarily in the form of online libraries,
eLibraries, or digital libraries. Scroll down to know more about the top
9 current trends in the library management system and information
services. The Top 9 Current Trends in Library And Information
Services.

1. Electronic Resource Management

Electronic resources refer to e-journals, e-books, online databases, and
other materials in digital formats, which are accessible electronically.
e-Resource Management Software can be employed by libraries to
trace the collection, access, authorization, maintenance, usage,
evaluation, reservation, and selection of a library’s electronic
information resources.

2. RFID Implementation
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to
select and track tags attached to library items automatically. The RFID-
based library management system is the newest technology used to
track inventory and strengthen library theft detection systems. This
technology enhances the security of libraries and increases their
efficiency by streamlining the processes and reducing human
dependence. For the users, RFID accelerates the borrowing and return
procedures. Hence, RFID saves time and reduces library costs.

3. Cloud Computing
Libraries across the world are adopting cloud computing to make
library services more streamlined and cost-efficient. This library
management system plays a significant role in building digital libraries
or repositories. Cloud computing also ensures optimal use of library
resources, infrastructure, human resources, etc.Moreover, the
technology is also used for library automation and quick data search.
Additionally, in a digital library, cloud computing ensures that third
party services can manage servers, carry out upgrades, and create data
backups.

4. Internet of Things
The best-integrated library software and LMS software have started
using the Internet of Things (IoT) to transfer data without human
intervention. Libraries use IoT to control inventory, prevent theft, and
identify users. It also helps in improving the quality and speed of
circulation desk activities. Moreover, IoT expedites reservation of
books, fire detection in the library and its prevention, and streamline
eLibrary services.

5. Big Data and Data Visualization

Big Data and Data Visualization is the method of displaying a large
volume of data through charts, graphs, maps, and other visual forms.
This makes the info more natural for the human mind to grasp and
makes it easier to spot trends, patterns, and outliers within large data
sets. This technology is helping digital libraries become more
globalized while accessing a vast amount of data. It makes the libraries
more easily accessible to readers who can find a plethora of information
at their fingertips.

6. Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) uses the power of a robot or a computer that
tries to do tasks that humans usually do. The most common application
of AI in a library is the chatbots that receive directional questions from
users and resolve them. They can alert the user about their book
submission due date, direct a user to the relevant library segment, and
automatically schedule appointments.

7. Mobile-Based Library Services

The three main objectives of a library are to promote literacy,
disseminate useful daily information to the people and encourage
lifelong learning through its reading materials and resources. Mobile
libraries bring resources outside of the library’s fixed location to users
who otherwise might not get an opportunity to profit from them. With
the help of mobile services like SMS and WhatsApp, libraries can
produce new services and provide faster access to their collection. It
also includes a learning management system (LMS), a software
application that provides the framework that handles all aspects of the
learning process and tracks your training content. An example of the
best LMS software is Moodle. The OPAC mobile application is a
classic example of mobile-based library services. The platform is
operated by SLIM Softwares and aims at converting conventional
libraries to digital libraries.

8. Intelligent Library Search & Federated Search

Federated search and Intelligent Library Search are techniques to
retrieve information from many different content locations with only
one query and one search interface with federated search. The
technology complements main libraries in retrieving information
quickly and makes indexing seamless. Libraries also use this
technology for descriptive cataloging, subject indexing, database
searching, and collection development.

9. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism

Any discussion about current trends in library systems will be
incomplete without mentioning academic integrity and plagiarism.
Plagiarism is using another’s ideas, words, theories, illustrations or
graphics, opinions, or facts without giving credit. For students, copying
others’ work damages the intellectual integrity of their academic
experience. Therefore, avoiding plagiarism has become the need of the
hour.

Technology has undoubtedly made our lives much simpler. A library is

no more the same it was a decade ago. Modern-day school and
corporate library software ensure that you get the latest technologies in
library systems right at your fingertips.

The library has long been a beacon of knowledge and learning,

providing access to a wide range of resources and facilitating
intellectual growth. However, in recent years, libraries have had to
adapt and transform themselves to keep up with changing trends and
the evolving needs of the community. This essay will explore the aims
and objectives behind these library-changing trends, highlighting the
importance of these adaptations in ensuring the continued relevance
and effectiveness of libraries in the modern era.

One of the primary aims of library-changing trends is to embrace

technology and digital resources. With the proliferation of the internet
and the increasing use of digital devices, libraries have recognized the
need to provide access to online databases, e-books, and other
electronic resources. By doing so, libraries ensure that their patrons can
access information and conduct research anytime and anywhere.
Furthermore, libraries have embraced the trend of digitizing their
collections, allowing users to explore historical documents and rare
books without physically visiting the library. This objective of
incorporating technology into library services not only enhances
convenience but also keeps libraries at the forefront of the information
age.

Another aim of library-changing trends is to foster community

engagement and inclusivity. Libraries have always been a community
gathering space, but in recent years, they have taken on an even more
significant role as community centers. Libraries host events,
workshops, and educational programs that cater to a broad audience,
including children, teenagers, adults, and senior citizens. These events
aim to foster a sense of belonging and promote lifelong learning. By
offering diverse programs and services, libraries strive to meet the
changing needs and interests of the community, ensuring that they
remain relevant and accessible to all.

Additionally, library-changing trends aim to encourage collaboration

and innovation. Libraries have transformed into collaborative spaces
that foster creativity, problemsolving, and entrepreneurship. They
provide access to tools such as 3D printers, audio recording equipment,
and software for video editing. These resources allow patrons to
explore new technologies and engage in hands-on learning experiences.
Libraries also actively promote partnerships with community
organizations, schools, and businesses, thus fostering a network that
supports innovation and knowledge sharing. The objective behind this
trend is to transform libraries into hubs of creativity and innovation,
equipping individuals with the skills and resources needed to thrive in
a rapidly changing world.

Furthermore, library-changing trends aim to promote information

literacy and lifelong learning. Libraries have shifted their focus from
being simple repositories of books to becoming active proponents of
information literacy. Librarians play a crucial role in teaching patrons
how to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively. They offer
workshops and training sessions on topics such as information literacy,
media literacy, and digital literacy. By empowering individuals with
the necessary skills to navigate an increasingly complex information
landscape, libraries equip their patrons to make informed decisions,
think critically, and become lifelong learners.

In conclusion, library-changing trends are driven by the aim of adapting

to the needs and expectations of the community while ensuring the
continued relevance and effectiveness of libraries. These trends include
embracing technology, fostering community engagement and
inclusivity, encouraging collaboration and innovation, and promoting
information literacy and lifelong learning. By embracing these
evolving trends, libraries can continue to serve as valuable hubs of
knowledge, support, and engagement in the modern era.

Librarians led the way in the pandemic

Although it would be a mistake to conclude that books alone will allow
public libraries to thrive well into the future. Emerging technologies
and digital services will also have a large part to play. We certainly saw
how important technology can be to the survival of libraries when the
COVID-19 pandemic hit. In a 2021 Chronicle of Higher Education
article, Scott Carlson looked at how the pandemic affected the way
libraries delivered their services to communities. He was speaking
specifically of libraries at colleges and universities, but the lessons are
applicable to public libraries as well. Carlson writes that lockdowns
were an unexpected development that led to libraries being deserted.
Under duress, librarians were compelled to accelerate their delivery of
remote services and other digital technologies to users. Carlson noted
that academic librarians had effectively led their institutions into the
COVID-19 era of social distancing, “in part because libraries had
already spent decades figuring out how to offer online services and get
information to people who rarely came into the building.”

Placing greater value on technology

As we noted in our blog post about how digital information technology
can help academic libraries survive, Carlson wrote that the post-
pandemic library of the future will likely place greater value on its
digital information technology and related resources and services. This
will also compel library staff to do more to engage users.

Technology in the library

Here are a few of the technology trends shaping the future of your local
library.

1. Digital resources
For those of us who are not so determinedly retro, digital devices tend
to play an increasingly important role throughout the course of the
entire day. We keep up with the news by scrolling Twitter and catch up
with friends on Facebook. We discover new music on Spotify, and
wind down at night with a good read on our Kindles.

The changing landscape of content

We at PressReader published our first report on the future of libraries
in 2019. Back then, we noted a significant shift in the way people
discover and access content — whether it’s videos, music, news
media or peer-reviewed academic journals.
COVID-19 accelerated this shift, but librarians have seen it coming for
years. In 2012 an OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) study
found that librarians at educational institutions predicted this shift.
According to the study, most foresaw students and staff moving toward
using the library to access information and educational resources online
rather than borrowing print books. Many public libraries offer digital
platforms such as PressReader, which features thousands of
newspapers and magazines from around the world. With remote access,
patrons can use PressReader from anywhere, at any time, all on their
own mobile devices.
2. Artificial intelligence
As we observed in a previous blog article on how academic libraries
use AI to improve their services, controversies surrounding the use of
artificial intelligence in academic work are likely to continue as the
technology becomes more sophisticated and its use gets harder to
detect.

On the other hand, university libraries have found a number of practical

applications for AI, along with related technologies such as machine
learning and natural language processing. These tools have the
potential to transform academic librarianship for the better.

The fact is, most academic librarians have been employing AI

applications for years —
whether they realize it or not. As the Association of College and
Research Libraries (ACRL) observes in the introduction to its new
publication, The Rise of AI:

Librarians are uniquely positioned to rise to the challenge that AI

presents to their field.

Libraries and their like have existed for millennia; they progress with
society, altering and adapting their services to meet the information
needs of their communities.

Academic libraries today have greatly expanded their digital offerings,

not just to include electronic books or journal articles but also to
support software application discovery and use. Some academic
librarians might say they lack a foundational knowledge of AI or that
they are ill-equipped to speak on the subject, and yet they have likely
been interacting with AI through the different types of software
applications they support.

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AI in public library systems

Public libraries, too, can benefit from AI. Recently, the Urban Libraries
Council issued a new leadership brief outlining five ways public
libraries can integrate cutting-edge artificial intelligence in their work:

Move from informing to practicalizing such as leveraging AI tools for

performance improvements at branches and in program design.
Leverage prompt engineering skills of library professionals who are
already trained to find bodies of information using keywords or
phrases. Advance information literacy of staff and patrons through
hands-on use of AI, such as workshops where participants learn how to
generate short stories and poetry with AI.

Create an AI-focused digital inclusion network to ensure equitable

access to the economic benefits of new AI powered technologies.
Advocate for the responsible use of AI to ensure these advancements
benefit the community at large, and that foundational standards of
education, innovation and access to information are preserved.

“As generative AI tools become more accessible, effective and less

expensive, there are new opportunities for libraries to lead,” said ULC
President and CEO Brooks Rainwater.

“While there are persistent concerns that must be addressed on AI being

used for misinformation, the opportunities in front of us are manifold.

This includes responsible applications that improve efficiency, speed

up communication and serve as a useful tool
for showcasing and validating library services and resources.”

3. Library automation
Public libraries can benefit from automation in various ways to
streamline operations, enhance the user experience, and improve
efficiency. Among other tasks and processes, the following can be
automated at a public library:
Cataloging and inventory management: Libraries can automate the
process of adding books, digital resources and other materials to the
library catalog.

This includes importing metadata, generating call numbers and

updating records. Staff can also use
radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to conduct regular
inventory checks and locate missing items more efficiently.

Circulation and check-out: Self-checkout stations and RFID can help

automate the borrowing and returning of library materials. Library
users can check items in and out without the assistance of a librarian.

Hold and reservation management: The process of placing and

managing holds on books and other materials can be automated.
Patrons can reserve items online, and the system will notify them when
the items are available.

Fine and fee collection: More and more libraries are moving away from
charging late fees altogether, but those that still do can automate the
assessment and collection of fines and fees for overdue materials.
Notifications and payment processing can be handled electronically.

Interlibrary loan requests: Libraries can use an automated system to

request and receive materials from other libraries. This can streamline
the process of borrowing items not available in the library's collection.

User account management: Patrons can manage their own library

accounts online, including updating contact information, changing
passwords and renewing materials.

Book reshelving and sorting: An automated sorting system can quickly

and accurately sort returned materials back into their proper locations
on the shelves.

Visitor analytics and recommendations: Library automation can collect

and analyze patron data to better understand usage patterns and
preferences, which can inform collection development and program
planning. Automated recommendation systems can
also suggest relevant books and materials to patrons based on their
preferences and borrowing history.

Acquisition and ordering: The process of ordering new materials can

be streamlined through the automation of purchase requests, vendor
communications, and order tracking.

Security and access control: Libraries can implement automated access

control systems, including card access and surveillance, to enhance
security and protect library resources.

Staff and volunteer scheduling: Automating the scheduling of shifts for

staff and volunteers can ensure adequate coverage during library hours.

4. Open source software