: ANATOMY « Clavicle: - me Only long bone that lies horizontally It is through out sub cutaneous First bone to Start ossifying. Common site of fracture at the junction. of curvature In female its called “Beauty bone”, « Scapula: - : y - Main parts - Acromian and coracoid process, glenoid cavity. f Clinically - Paralysis of serratus Anterior is called “winging 0! scapula” « “Humerus: - Anatomical and surgical neck found. .Main parts = Trochlea and capitulum, bicipital groove. Common site of Fracture = Surgical neck and shaft « Radius: - Lateral bone of forearm. SS Main parts = ulnar notch and & Yloid process Fracture = Smith's and Colle’s Fracture. Clinically = Pulse can’ be feel better at this bone. e UlIna: -_ Medial bone of fore arm. Main parts = olecranon process e Carple bones: - (8) Proximal row- (1) Scaphoid (2) Lunate (3) Triquetral (4) Pisiform Distal row: - (1) Trapezium (2) Trapezoid (3) Capitate (4) Hamate. Scaphoid Boat shaped Lunate Halfmoon shaped Triquetral Pyramidal shaped Pisiform Pea shaped —Trapezium ‘Quadrangular - Trapezoid = Baby shoe shaped Capitate = “Largest carpel bone Hamate = Wedge shaped -- Fracture of the scaphoid and dislocation of lunate in common. Breast - Modified sweat gland , Location — 2" to 6" rib. 75% of the Lymph. of Breast is drains into Axillary Lymph node. Peaud orange appearance of breast = due to obstruction of superficial lymph vessels of breast 'y Carcino: - Breast development takes place in 4" week of intra uterine life — =—_saturday night Palsy ~ due to ra fadial pe thum deformity — Due tom = Whale ef 5 “Subital tunnel syndrome — Due to Palsy 2 Gaw hand - Due to Ulnar nerve eae nerve palsy + Carpal tunnel syndrome - due to compression of + Dupuytren’s contracture = due to inflammation of seat Neve. aponeurosis. -almar «Shoulder joint = Elbow Joint = Finge jo Socket type. Radio-ulnar j = pagel Wrist joint = cleave Meta carpo phalangeal : Joint between malleous and Incus = Saddle ore Between Incus and stepies «Ribs — Number = 12 pairs - Length is increases from the 1* to 7 decreases from 7" to 12" ribs. - True ribs = 1-7— = False ribs =7 -12~ - Floating ribs = 11, 12 - Typical ribs = 3% to 9" —— ball and socket joint ribs and then gradually Parts- Upper part = Manubrium Middle part = Body Lower part = Xiphoid process/xiphisternum = Bone marrow examination is done by the Manubrial puncture. + Vertebral column / spine - Length - Male = 28 inches, Female = 24 Inches 7 4* cervical vertebra (ATLAS) have no body and spine “ 2” cervical vertebra (Axis) have odontoid process. Total vertebrae= 33 : Cervical =. 7 Thoracic «= = 12 Lumbar Sas Sacral = -8 Coceygeal = 4 33 4140disc prol: i ; ‘apse is common in,Cs — C; and Lower Lumbar region Parietal pl i . , ‘a! pleura is . sensitive to pain Pain sensitive while pulmonary Pleura |S no Parecentesi: an * age a esis thoracis is usually done in the 6" Intercostal space. Right lungs weight = [eft lungs weight = 75 Ss. : 5 gm. Lobe: a tant 5 ; lobes = 10 broncho-pulmonary segment. Lingula of left lobe is eo ‘oncho-pulmonary segment _ lung corresffonds to the middle lobe of the right + Trachea bifurcate at the level ¢ Correction —> Lo) - one Primary (Principal) Bronchi -> secondary (lobar) ey . ertiary or segmental bronchi — terminal: ronchioles > respiratory bronchioles. e Respiratory bronchioles are called pulmonary unit. « Independent respiratory unit = Broncho pulmonary segment. . Perital pericardium is supplied by Phrenic N and is Pain sensitive Epicardium is supplied by Autonomic nerves and is not pain sensitive. . a * Pericardial effusion is done by puncturing at the 5" and 6" Intercostal space just below the Apex beat i e Heart - Lies 1/3 In the right and 2/3 In the left side of the median planes Weight — [ Male = 300 gm. [ Female = 250 gm.—~ Length and width = 12x9 c. m. — S. A. node = pace maker of heart. Impulse generation rate = 70/min.—~ - A.V. node = 60/min * Length of trachea = 4-6 inches * Length of oesophagus = 25 cm. 10 » ‘Length of Small Intestine = 6 meters —~ Length of Large Intestine = 1.5 meters ~~ » Length of vas deferens = 18 inches Le » Length of larynx - Males = 44 mm. y Females = 36 mm 141Length of ureter = (5" in the abdome: « Esophagus Pierces the diaphragm at the level of Tio. - . Trachea bifurcate at = T, - Inferior vena Cave pierce the diaphragm at = Ts - Xiphoid Process is find at the level of =To. OTE - Aortic opening is at the level of = Ti. +. Largest lymphatic vessels in the body = Thoracic duct - Length = 18 Inches. Hip bone - Ifnominate bone. * Ilium - Highest - obturator fo Femur — - Longest and strongest bone of the body. . - Main Parts — greater and lesser trochanter, Intertrochantric lines, Intertrochantric crest, Lateral and medial epicondyle - Pott’s fracture = between 40 — 60 years - racture of the neck = > 60 years Patella: - largest sesamoid bone Tibia Largest bone of the leg. - Relea ins is found in-tibia - The nutrient artery to the tibia is the largest nutrient artery in the body. > a Tarsal bones: - (7) Talus =/Second largest tarsal bone) | Calcaneus largest tarsal bone Navicuiar Lateral Cunai Medial Cuneiform — Intermediate Cuneiform Cuboid ¢ Peripheral Heart 25 cm. (10”) Point of the iliac crest = at the level of Ls and Ly ramen and acetabulam is found in Hip bone = soleus muscle. Hip joint = Ball and socket Knee joint = Compound joint i. condylar - femur and Tibia : ii. saddle — femur and patella Ankle joint = Hinge joints e Knee joint is the most complex and largest joint of the body. 449e In Hydroce| . s le fi vaginalis. luid accumulation is takes place in processes e Reservoir of Sperm: Deep Artery of ponte « Bruners gi a Sruners ¢ Crypt’ Payer's pz a = Epidydimis _ A S are found in = ee N_are found in = lleum and jejunum und in.= Intestine ‘ the commonest side of worms ‘for localization of internal Opening in case of stine « Goodsalr's-rule= complete fistula . an le of vis is also called(Sternal Angle Ems Pat = = lumpke's pa = due to Upper trunk of brachial plexus 7 ralysis = due fo lower trunk of brachial plexus « Testis — oval shaped ae - 1% x1x %= Inches. St Weight (10715 gm each one es . omach- Situation epigasric, umbilical and hypogastric region Shape ~ fempty = J shaped. [distended = Piriform shaped [Cardiac end at = T,, level. [ Pyloric end at = L, level -Stomach capacity - at birth In adult -Length of stomach -Stomach bed is made by (7) Contents Main cells of stomach - a - Parietal / oxyntic cells = Secretes Hydrochloric Acid - Gcells = Secre in - Chief cells = Secretes pepsinogen - Fundus is also called the gastric pacemaker Distal to pylorus part is called duodenal pacemaker 12 O'clock (Retrocaecal) 10 inches > * Commonest position of the appendix = Length = 2 — 20 cm. (average 9 cm.) Diameter = 5 m. m. * Partal vein = length =8 cm. Form by union of two veins (superior mesenteric and splenic vein) at the level of L2. ein) atthe ee 143Gall bladder: - - Pear shaped . -. Situation - on the inferior surface of the right lobe of liver - Length =7- 10cm. Width =3 om : Bile reservoir capacity = 30 —50 mi. Bile duct is formed by the uniorof cystic duct and common hepatic duct Length of bile duct = 8 cm. Diameter =6mm. Spleen - - . Wedge shaped organ. . - Situation - mainly in left Hypocondrium anu partly in epigastrium. ~ - 1"\'thick x 3” broad x 5” long . - Weight = 7 ounce Z -} - Related to 9" to 11" ribs : Pancreas: - Length = 15 —20 cm. . Broad = 3 cm, thick = 2 cm. Weight =_90 gm. Location = L; & L, vertebrae level 220 mi i Tolerated upto SOO m «Length of male urethra = 18-20 cm. Length of female uréthra= Ty.” « Ovaries - Ovaries ~3 x 1.5 x 1 cm., almond shape -_ Situation in Pelvic Wall - Vertical in nullipara and horizontal in multipara - Ovary is smooth before puberty and puckered after puberty «Uterine tube | fallopian tube Length=10.cm_ j Parts (4) infandibulum, ampulla, isthmus, Interstitial part Fertilization takes place in ampulla lleocaecal valve is also called Fallopian valve nee Ph rea che el ¢ Uterus/womb : t - 3” length x 2” broad x 1” thick - weight = 30-40 gm. a ° - Angle of = Antiversion = 90°~ net = Antiflexion = 120° } - Length of cervix of uterus = 2.5 cm. i = , Blood oo lerly by uterine Artery and partially by Ovarian Artery 145In fetal life ce; po = "Vix is larger th f urini an the body hypertropneonaney growth“of—Titerus. occurs . due. to agina Y and hyperplasia In er - In ean Position vagina makes angle with uterus = 45° = 750 "© Position vagina makes angle with horizontal plane - Length - Anterior Vaginal Wall = 3° a Posterior Vaginal Wall =,4” - Upper 2/3 of vagina (from uterus) is pain insensitive and lower 1/3 is pain sensitive : Medium of Vagina (Acidic) due to doderlein bacteria * Prostate - lies in the lesser pelvis below the neck of the urinary bladder - length 4 cm. (Transversely) - 3cm= vertically - 2cm. Anteroposteriorly - Weight =_8 gm. Lobes=5 Anterior, Posterior, Median and right and left lateral. Anterior lobe =no possibility of adenoma Posterior lobe = adenoma never occur, but sight of primary carcinoma Median lobe = common site of an adenoma Lateral lobe = site of adenoma in old age - Outer larger zone of prostate is sight af carcinoma - Inner smaller zone in sight of benign hypertrophy ¢ Anal canal a anaee Length = 3.8 cm Inferior part of Anal canal divide in three parts Upper = 15 mm. Middle = 15mm Lower = 8 mm - Pectinate Line is find between upper and middle part and white line is find between middle and lower part. - Common site of the piles = 3, 7 and 11 o’clock - Arterial supply = above Pectinate line = by Sup, Rectal Artery Below Pectinate line = by inf Rectal Artery - Nerve supply = Above Pectinate line = autonomic N. supply Below Pectinate line = Somatic N. supply 146Internal Piles ~ above Pectinate line = Pain less External Piles~ Below Pectinate line = Pain full. Number of bones in Brain box = 22 Main Sutures of Skull - Coronal Suture = between Frontal and Perital bones Lamboid suture = between occipital and Perital. bones Sagital Suture = between two perital bones Main cranial fossa Largest and deepest cranial fossa = Posterior cranial fossa Due to injury of Middle cranial fossa bleeding and discharge of CSE occurs. Injury of Anterior cranial fossa cause bleeding and CSF discharge through Nose‘and causes blackeyes, =’ . Fracture of P.C.F. Causes Bruising over mastoid region and is calleg Ba BEE ae ree Mandi é largest and strongest bone of the face. CSF is filled in’sul oid Space and lumbar puncture is done in betweer{L, and L4} Pituitary gland 7 - Two lobes - (1) Adenohypophysis (2) Neurohypophysis Papillae of Tongue i. Fungiform = On margin and tip ii. Filliform = smallest and most numerous iti. Vallate = Larger in size Salivary glands - Parotid, sub mendibular and sub. Lingual Largest salivary gland = Parotid = weight = 15 gm. Thyroid gland - Som. X2.5x 2.5 Weight = 25 gm. Cells - Follicular cells = T; and T, secrets Parafollicular cells or C cells = Calcitonin secrets Parotid duct opens on Inner surface of cheek opposite upper 2™ molar teeth — Milk teeth = 20 = 2102/2102 / Permanent Teeth = 32 = 2123 /2123 “447f I Littles Area/Kiess, = supplied by ant ¢ Organ of balanci elbach’s Area = common site of nasal bleeding ethmoidal nerve. € in ear- Static balance = utricle and saccules Kineticbalance = semicircular canal Cerebrospinal fluid Formed by — Choroid Plexus Absorbed by — arachnoid villi Total quantity — 150 ml Formation per day = 5000 ml S.g. of CSF = 1002 - 1006 Main Hand - Ape hand/ Simian hand = Median N palsy Claw hand = Ulnar N. palsy ~ Frog Hand = Deep Palmer abscess \ Gardeners hand = Callosity ea Obstetricjan Hand = In tetany Wrist drop = Radial N. Palsy Foot drop = Common Peroneal N. palsy ¢ Cranial Nerves = 12 Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Troclear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear (Auditory) : . Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus ~~ 11. Accessory 12. Hypoglosal Sensory nerves = 1,2,8 OHONOAARYONS Motor nerves = 3, 4, 6, 11, 12 a Mixed nerves = 5, 7, 9, 10“ e Largest cranial nerve - trigeminal =Thinnest cranial N = )yu" Thickest cranial N = yi" Pharyngeal reflex through = x!" Palatal Reflex through = v"" and x" InT.B. syphilis involvement of=lil® Cranial N Herpeszoster — ve In Polio involvement of = Vi" crarifat N In Meningitis involvement of = VIII" Cranial N * Brain Central Nervous System +o. Nerve Syste Spinal Cord Sympathetic outfiow Parasympathetic outflow Peripheral N SystemCranio Spinal Tt Granta N., Spinal N. Sympathetic N System Autonomic (Thoracic Lumbar) Parasympathetic _ N. System Ti12,+ Li23\Thoraco Lumba 3,7,9,10 Cranial Nerves + S234 Spinal N (cranio sacral) " Controlling Area of the cerebrum Optic Radiation Vomiting centre Motor speech centre (Broca’s Area) — 44,45 7 = Auditory Area = 41——~ Visual Area = hd ee Sensory Area = 3,1,2 Post Central gyrus * Motor Area = . 4,6 Pre Central gyrus Auditory Radiation= Mecial Geniculate body u Lateral Geniculate body C.T.Z. u 149Main nucleus in Hypothalamus — Ss ; Ree Centre = Posterior nucleus Dri a areathetic Centre Lateral nucleus ning Centre = Supra optic nucleus (Control ; _ ADH.) Feeding Centre =. Ventero Media Spinal Cord Length = 45 cm., weignt = 30 gm. Lower end = at the L, vertebra in Adult at the Ls vertebra in children Main receptor Touch = Meissner’s Corpuscles Temperature/Cold = Krause end bulb Pain = Free nerve ending Pressure = Pacinian corpuscles/Golgi-Mazzoni body Main Pressures Superior vena cava = 0-6 mm_of Hg Right Atrium . = 0-6 mm of Hg Right ventricle = 25/0-6 Left Atrium = 6-10 mm of Hg Left ventricle = 50-120 Jugular venous Pressure (J.V.P.) = 2-3 cm. CSF Pressure = 50 — 150 mm Portal venous pressure = 8-12 mm Hg Intra ocular pressure = 10 - 20 mm Hg Main nerves © Vidian Nerves = N. of Pterigoid canal Labourer Nerves = median N e Musician Nerves = Ulnar N. (Controls fine movement of fingers) Jacobson's N=" —~Tympanic branch _ of Glosso haryngeal N- 150Main Ligaments : Lacunar Liga S Femoral Ring (Pactineal part of the pean al __ inguinal ligament.) Liga. Of Cooper ‘= Breast Thomson's Liga. = Lower part of Transversalis Fascia Ligamentum flavum = ~—cornmectthe-vertebra Hip = femur to Acctabular fossa Ligamentum teres Jn Liver = Obliterated left umbilical vein (Attached to the left branch of portal vein) Liga. Arteriosum =Obliterated ductus arteriosus Liga Venosum of liver = Obliterated ductus venosus Deltoid Liga. = On the medial side of ankle Spring Liga. ; = Plantar caicaneo navicular Liga. lio femoral Liga./ = Strongest Ligament in the body (Also called inverted Y shaped.liga. of Bigelow) Main Fascias F. Colles = Superficial fascia of perineum F. Colli = Deep fascia of Neck F. Camper Between umbilicus and Pubis (Superfici F. Cribros: In femoral canal oo F. Scarpa Between umbilicus and Pubis (deep) Fascia Lata= Deep fascia of thigh Buck’s fascia= DeepFasciaofPenis (does not extend in glans) Denon villier Fascia = Prostato Peritoneal Fascia (recto vesical fascia) Cribriform fascia = over the saphenous opening Main Foramina Epiploic F. or foramen of winslow = Betweengreater & lesser eee sacks of Peritonum Flof Monro _. = Opening of Lateral ventricles into 3'* ventrical F. of Magendie = Median aperture in the roof of IVth ventricie es F.Caecum — =_ Inthe base of the skull — 151= th F. of Luschka = Opening of the Lateral Recesses of 4 z Ventricle F. of ovale = Transmits Mandibular N. and Accessory Meningeal Artery Transmits maxillary N. Transmits middle meningeal Artery Stylomastoid.F.= Transmits Facial N. F. Rotundum F. Spinosum i Main Glands Moll's glan: = In eyelids raat aca —=—@ Tarsal plate- ©? oh ow Zeis's gland — = Oneye lashes Sty Cowper glands = Bulbous part of urethra Bartholin gland | = In Labia majora Montgomery gland= -reola of the breast Bruner’s gland = = “In ducdenum Main Pouches Rathke’s Pouch = Pituitary gland Douglas Pouch = recto uterine Pouch Hartmann’s Pouch = dilated part of the neck of Gall bladder Morrison’s Pouch = Hepato renal Pouch (common site of subphrenic abscess’) Main ducts Gartners duct = Wirsung’s duct | = Duct of Stensen’s = Wharton's duct = Duct of Bivinus = = Duct of Santorini = Duct of Ballini = Cystic duct = Duct of epoophoron Pancreatic duct Parotid gland sub mandibular gland Sub lingual gland _ Accessory Pancreatic duct Kidney Between Porta hepasis and neck of Gall bladder 152Main Muscles Muscle of smiling, laughter = | Zygomaticus major Muscle of grief = depressor anguilaris Longest Muscle = Sartorious Smallest Muscle = Stapedius © Climbing Muscle = Lattisimus dorsi Locking Muscle-—=——_Popliteus Boxer’s muscle Seratus Anterior Muscle of Anger = dilator naris and depressor septill Muscle of Horror, terror Platysma Muscle of Surprise Frontalis Muscle of Doubt . = Mentalis Muscle of Grinning = Risorius _ Locking muscle - = Quadraters femoris = Popliteus Unlocking muscle 5 Longest muscle in body = Sartorius Strongest muscle in body = Quadriceps Femoris Main Spots e = — InVit. A deficiency Bitot’s Spots = De-Morgan’s Spots= In Senile Hemngiomas Typhoid Rose Spots = Roth’s Spot __Tnfective Endocarditis Koplik’s Spot ___Measles (In buccal mucosa) Schuffner’s dots = _IN-P.-vivax Maurer’s dots = -P.Falcifarum = P. Malariae_ Ziemann's dot’s Main Triangles | Auscultation triangle = | Lower border of Trapezius ‘and latissimus dorsi = Sartorius, adductor longus, Inguinal Femoral triangle Ligament 153Hesselbach’s triangle = ~ below by inguinal ligament (or Inguinal triangle) - ~ medially rectus abdominis -° Lateral Inf. Epigastric A. (site of direct inguinal Hernia) Trigone of bladder = Between op Sherron's triangle = Lines joining umbilicus : Right Anterior Superior Iliac Spine - and Pubic symphysis ening of ureter and urethra (cutaneous hypersensitivity in acute appendicitis) Main Lines Burton's blue line On Gum's (Seen in lead poisoning) on Rectus sheath Arcuate Line = Me : Hampion’s line=made by barium meal in Kentgr-peptic ulceratio Milk line = On nipples : ah on the nails in Arsenic poisoning Mee’s line = i Nelaton’s line = Ant. Sup. _lliac spine to Ischial ity Pectinate Line = In the upper part of Anal canal Hilton's line/white line = In_the Anal canal (at the junction of Internal and Extérnal Anal sphincter) Shoemaker’s line.= greater trochanter to Ant. Sup. Iliac spine Main Muscles and their nerve supply (lower limb) Sartorius = Femoral N. Quadriceps femoris = Femoral N. Gluteus maximus = Inf. gluteal N. Gluteus Medius = Sup. gluteal N. Gluteus minimus = Sup. gluteal N. Semitendenous, membranous, biceps femoris = Tibial part of Sciatic N. Quadratus Femoris = Nerve to quadratus femoris 152Pnterloy superior vac Spine to Greakyr frechank Poplitius, Plantaris, Soleus, Gastro nemius = Tibial N. ¢ Upper Limb Trapezius = Spinal part of Accessory N. Serratus Ant. Nerve to serratus Ant. (C567) Pectoralis Minor Medial and lateral Pectoral N. Pectoralis Major Medial and lateral Pectoral N. Latissimus dorsi Thoraco dorsal (Ce7.s) Deltoid Axillary N. Biceps Brachi musculocutaneous N. Teres Major Lower sub scapular N. Teres Minor = Axillary N. (Cs.6) Triceps Radial N. (C7,.8) ¢ Main branches of the Arteries -External carotid = er roe " " (1) Sup. Thyroid (2) Ascending Pharyngeal (3) Lingual (4) Facial (5) Occipital (6) Post Auricular (7) Sup. Temporal (8) Maxillary ¢ Facial Artery (1) Ascending palatine A (2) Tonsilar (3) Sub mental (4) Inf. Labial (4) Sup. Labial (6) Lateral Nasal branch e Subclavian Artery “(Ay Vertebral Artery (4) Thyro cervical trunk (2) Internal thoracic (5) Costo cervical (3) Dorso scapular ° Axillary A \ “(Ay Sup. Thoracic Artery (4) thoraco Acromian (2) Lateral thoracic (5) _—Sub scapular (3) Ant. circumflex humoral A (6) Post circumflex humoral A 155Brachial a (1) Profunda brachi (4) Nutrient Artery to humerus Sup. ulnar collateral (5) Inf. ulnar collateral &) Uinar A, (6) Radial A. Axillary A is the continuation of subclavian A Brachial A is the Continuation of Axillary A Brachial A terminates into Ulnar and Radial A. . Coeliac Artery (1) Left gastric (2) _Splenic A (3) Common'hepatic - (a) Gastro duodenal (b) Right gastric _ Splenic A . () Branches to Pancreas, (2) to spleen, (3) Short Gastric Artery, (4) Left gastroepiploic A. . . Aorta terminates by bifurcating into two common iliac Arteries External lliac is the continuation of Common Iliac A. Femoral A. is the continuation of Ext. Iliac A. Saphenous vein is used for coronary Bypass surgery |.V. Fusion in Infant is done by Femoral vein For dead body preservation preservative fluid is inserted through Femoral vein Plexus Formation Cervical Plexus Brachial Plexus * Lumbar Plexus Sacral Plexus Cr2z34 C5678 + 1% Thoracic N. L1.23,4 and Part of 5" Lumbosacral trunk + Si23 noua Coccygeal Plexus = S4Ss5 + Coccygeal N. Main nerves and their root values Phrenic B C345 Dorsal Scapular = Cs Median N. = Cs57,.8 7. Axillary N. = a aa Radial N. = Ce67.8 Ts Ulnar N. = Cre Ty Femoral N. = loss Obturator N. = bos. Sciatic N. B LasSio3 Compression of sciatic N. against’ Femur Causes sleeping of foo 156TYSN Blanole pears Pudendal Hs doce 54 e ‘Main Nerve Branches Trigeminal N.= Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibullar N. MaxillaryN| = Meningeal, Ptérigopalatine, Zygomati | Alveolar, Palpebral, Nasal, Sup. Labial Mandibular N. = Meningeal, Deep temporal, Auriculo temporal . lingual, Inf. Alveolar Facial N. = Petrosal N. Chordatympani, Post Auricular Vagus N. = Sup. Laryngeal, Recurrent laryngeal Pulmonary esophageal, Gastric, Coeliac, Hepatic be e Main Valves ¥ Situation Valve of kerkring - In duodenum and Jejunum Valves of Houston/ — - In Rectum plicae transversal’s Valves of Ball - In Anal Canal Valves of Heister/ -. In Cystic duct spiral valve Valves of Gerlach - on appendicular orifice e Situation of main nucleus Dentate nucleus, nucleus embiliformis, nucleus globosus Nucleus fastigi = Cerebellum Red nucleus = in mid brain Nucleus ambigus, nucleus cuneatus = “= Medulla Nucleus graciis = In dorsal column Spiral ganglion = Cochlea “Edingar — West phal nucleus — nucleus of occulomotor N. « Lingula, colmen, Alae, Declive, Tonsil, Pyramid, Uvula etc. are the parts of cerebellam Cranial Nerves - 12 Pairs Spinal Nerves — 31 Pairs Largest Artery — Abdominal Aorta Largest Vein = Inferior Vena-Gava Longest Cells of the body -Neurone Largest Cells of the body — Ovum Thinnest Membrane - Conjunctiva eoececeeee Co~ 157