BANGALORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

CHANDAPURA, BANGALORE 560099

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Ability Enhancement Course

BEC358C- C++ BASICS
(REGULATION 2022 SCHEME)

THIRD SEMESTER / ECE

LAB MANUAL
 EXPERIMENT-1
AIM: Write a C++ program to find largest, smallest & second
largest of three numbers using inline functions MAX & Min.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
inline int MAX(int a, int b , int c)
{
if(a>=b && a>=c)
return a;
else if(b>=a && b>=c)
return b;
else
return c;
}
inline int Min(int a, int b , int c)
{
if(a<=b && a<=c)
return a;
else if(b<=a && b<=c)
return b;
else
return c;
}
int main()
{
int h,k;
int x,y,z; // Variables to store three numbers
cout<<"Enter three numbers:\n";
cin>>x>>y>>z;
h=MAX(x,y,z);
k=Min(x,y,z);
cout<<"largest is: "<<h<<"\nSmallest is: "<<k<<"\n";
if(h==x&&k==y|| h==y&& k==x)
cout<<"Second largest is: "<<z<<"\n";
else if((h==x&&k==z|| h==z&& k==x))
cout<<"Second largest is: "<<y<<"\n";
else
cout<<"Second largest is: "<<x<<"\n";
return 0;
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:

Enter three numbers:

539

largest is: 9

Smallest is: 3

Second largest is: 5

EXPERIMENT-2

AIM: Write a C++ program to calculate the volume of different

geometric shapes like cube, cylinder and sphere using function
overloading concept.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int volume(int a) // Volume of cube
{
return a*a*a;
}
double volume(int r , int h) // Volume of cylinder
{
return M_PI*r*r*h;
}
double volume(double r_s) // Volume of sphere
{
return 4*M_PI*r_s*r_s*r_s/3;
}
int main()
{
int a,r,h;
double r_s;
cout<<"Enter side lenght of cude:";
cin>>a;
cout<<"\n Volume of cube is:"<<volume(a);
cout<<"\nEnter radius and height of cylinder:";
cin>>h>>r;
cout<<"\n Volume of cylinder is:"<<volume(h,r);
cout<<"\n Enter radius of sphere:";
cin>>r_s;
cout<<"\n Volume of sphere is:"<<volume(r_s);
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT
Enter side lenght of cude:2
Volume of cube is:8
Enter radius and height of cylinder:2 3
Volume of cylinder is:37.6991
Enter radius of sphere:4
Volume of sphere is:268.083
 EXPERIMENT-3
AIM: Define a STUDENT class with USN, Name & Marks in 3 tests
of a subject. Declare an array of 10 STUDENT objects. Using
appropriate functions, find the average of the two better marks for
each student. Print the USN, Name & the average marks of all the
students.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class STUDENT
{
public:
string USN, Name;
int mark1, mark2, mark3;
void get_details(string usn, string name)
{
USN=usn;
Name=name;
}
void get_marks(int m1, int m2, int m3)
{
mark1=m1;
mark2=m2;
mark3=m3;
}
double average()
{
double avg;
int largest, secondLargest;
if (mark1 >= mark2 && mark1 >= mark3) {
largest = mark1;
secondLargest = (mark2 >= mark3) ? mark2 : mark3;
} else if (mark2 >= mark1 && mark2 >= mark3) {
largest = mark2;
secondLargest = (mark1 >= mark3) ? mark1 : mark3;
} else {
largest = mark3;
secondLargest = (mark1 >= mark2) ? mark1 : mark2;
}
return avg=(largest+secondLargest)/2.0;
}
};
int main()
{
STUDENT student[10];
string usn[10], name[10];
//Student information
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
cout<<"Enter USN of student"<<i+1<<":";
cin>>usn[i];
cout<<"Enter Name of student"<<i+1<<":";
cin>>name[i];
student[i].get_details(usn[i], name[i]);
int m1, m2,m3;
cout<<"Enter Marks of three tests for student"<<i+1<<":";
cin>>m1>>m2>>m3;
student[i].get_marks(m1,m2,m3);
}
cout<<"................Student details.................\n";
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
cout<<"\nUSN of student"<<i+1<<":"<<student[i].USN;
cout<<"\nName of student"<<i+1<<":"<<student[i].Name;
cout<<"\nAverage marks of
student"<<i+1<<":"<<student[i].average();
cout<<"\n*******************************";
}
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Enter USN of student1:4KV04EC001
Enter Name of student1:ABHI
Enter Marks of three tests for student1:23 25 25
Enter USN of student2:4KV04EC002
Enter Name of student2:BHASKAR
Enter Marks of three tests for student2:25 15 10
Enter USN of student3:4KV04EC003
Enter Name of student3:CHARAN
Enter Marks of three tests for student3:23 23 23
Enter USN of student4:4KV04EC004
Enter Name of student4:FARUK
Enter Marks of three tests for student4:25 10 19
Enter USN of student5:4KV04EC005
Enter Name of student5:GANU
Enter Marks of three tests for student5:23 21 21
Enter USN of student6:4KV04EC006
Enter Name of student6:SHARUK
Enter Marks of three tests for student6:10 2 3
Enter USN of student7:4KV04EC007
Enter Name of student7:ISHANA
Enter Marks of three tests for student7:23 10 15
Enter USN of student8:4KV04EC008
Enter Name of student8:RAGU
Enter Marks of three tests for student8:2 3 6
Enter USN of student9:4KV04EC009
Enter Name of student9:REETHA
Enter Marks of three tests for student9:23 10 12
Enter USN of student10:4KV04EC010
Enter Name of student10:TARA
Enter Marks of three tests for student10:23 23 23
................Student details.................
USN of student1:4KV04EC001
Name of student1:ABHI
Average marks of student1:25
*******************************
USN of student2:4KV04EC002
Name of student2:BHASKAR
Average marks of student2:20
*******************************
USN of student3:4KV04EC003
Name of student3:CHARAN
Average marks of student3:23
*******************************
USN of student4:4KV04EC004
Name of student4:FARUK
Average marks of student4:22
*******************************
USN of student5:4KV04EC005
Name of student5:GANU
Average marks of student5:22
*******************************
USN of student6:4KV04EC006
Name of student6:SHARUK
Average marks of student6:6.5
*******************************
USN of student7:4KV04EC007
Name of student7:ISHANA
Average marks of student7:19
*******************************
USN of student8:4KV04EC008
Name of student8:RAGU
Average marks of student8:4.5
*******************************
USN of student9:4KV04EC009
Name of student9:REETHA
Average marks of student9:17.5
*******************************
USN of student10:4KV04EC010
Name of student10:TARA
Average marks of student10:23

EXPERIMENT-4

AIM: Write a C++ program to create class called MATRIX using

twodimensional array of integers, by overloading the operator ==
which checks the compatibility of two matrices to be added and
subtracted. Perform the addition and subtraction by overloading +
and – operators respectively. Display the results by overloading the
operator <<. If (m1 == m2) then m3 =m1 + m2 and m4 = m1 – m2
else display error

PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class MATRIX {
public:
int row, col;
int matrix[10][10];
void get_size() {
cin >> row >> col;
}
void get_elements() {
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
cin >> matrix[i][j];
}
bool operator ==(const MATRIX& temp) {
return row == temp.row && col == temp.col;
}
MATRIX operator +(const MATRIX& temp) {
MATRIX result;
result.row = row;
result.col = col;
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
result.matrix[i][j] = matrix[i][j] + temp.matrix[i][j];
return result;
}
MATRIX operator -(const MATRIX& temp) {
MATRIX result;
result.row = row;
result.col = col;
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
result.matrix[i][j] = matrix[i][j] - temp.matrix[i][j];
return result;
}
friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& os, const MATRIX& temp) {
for (int i = 0; i < temp.row; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < temp.col; j++)
os << temp.matrix[i][j] << " ";
os << endl;
}
return os;
}
};
int main() {
MATRIX m1, m2, m3, m4;
cout << "Enter number of rows and columns of m1: ";
m1.get_size();
cout << "Enter number of rows and columns of m2: ";
m2.get_size();
if (m1 == m2) {
cout << "Enter elements of m1: ";
m1.get_elements();
cout << "Enter elements of m2: ";
m2.get_elements();
m3 = m1 + m2;
m4 = m1 - m2;
cout << "Matrix 1 + Matrix 2:\n" << m3;
cout << "Matrix 1 - Matrix 2:\n" << m4;
}
else {
cout << "Error: Matrices are not compatible for
addition/subtraction." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
CASE-I:
Enter number of rows and columns of m1: 2 3
Enter number of rows and columns of m2: 2 3
Enter elements of m1: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Enter elements of m2: 3 1 7 4 8 2
Matrix 1 + Matrix 2:
4 3 10
8 13 8
Matrix 1 - Matrix 2:
-2 1 -4
0 -3 4
CASE-II:
Enter number of rows and columns of m1: 2 3
Enter number of rows and columns of m2: 3 2
Error: Matrices are not compatible for addition/subtraction.

EXPERIMENT-5
AIM: Demonstrate simple inheritance concept by creating a base
class FATHER with data members: First Name, Surname, DOB &
bank Balance and creating a derived class SON, which inherits:
Surname & Bank Balance feature from base class but provides its
own feature: First Name & DOB. Create & initialize F1 & S1
objects with appropriate constructors & display the FATHER &
SON details.

PROGRAM

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class FATHER
{
protected:
string First_name, Surname, DOB;
public:
double Bank_balance;
public:
FATHER(string first_name, string surname, string dob, double
bank_balance)
: First_name(first_name), Surname(surname), DOB(dob),
Bank_balance(bank_balance) {}
void display()
{
cout << "----------Father Details---------" << endl;
cout << "First Name: " << First_name << endl;
cout << "Surname: " << Surname << endl;
cout << "DOB: " << DOB << endl;
cout << "Bank Balance: " << Bank_balance << endl;
}
};
class SON : public FATHER
{
public:
SON(string first_name, string surname, string dob, double
bank_balance)
: FATHER(first_name, surname, dob, bank_balance) {}
void display()
{
cout << "----------Son Details---------" << endl;
cout << "First Name: " << First_name << endl;
cout << "Surname: " << Surname << endl;
cout << "DOB: " << DOB << endl;
cout << "Bank Balance: " << Bank_balance << endl;
}
};
int main() {
FATHER F1("XYZ ", "ABC", "1986-06-14", 100000.0);
F1.display();
SON S1("xyz", "ABC", "1987-01-14", 50000.0);
S1.display();
cout<<"Total bank balance of
SON:"<<F1.Bank_balance+S1.Bank_balance;
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
----------Father Details---------
First Name: XYZ
Surname: ABC
DOB: 1986-06-14
Bank Balance: 100000
----------Son Details---------
First Name: xyz
Surname: ABC
DOB: 1987-01-14
Bank Balance: 50000
Total bank balance of SON:150000

EXPERIMENT-6

AIM: Write a C++ program to define class name FATHER & SON
that holds the income respectively. Calculate & display total income
of a family using friend function.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Forward declaration of class Son
class Son;
// Class Father
class Father {
private:
int income;
public:
Father(int inc)
{
income=inc;
}
// Declare friend function to access private member of class Son
friend int calculateTotalIncome(Father f, Son s);
};
// Class Son
class Son {
private:
int income;
public:
Son(int inc)
{
income=inc;
}
// Declare friend function to access private member of class Father
friend int calculateTotalIncome(Father f, Son s);
};
// Friend function to calculate total income
int calculateTotalIncome(Father f, Son s)
{
return f.income + s.income;
}
int main() {
int fatherIncome, sonIncome;
cout << "Enter Father's income: ";
cin >> fatherIncome;
cout << "Enter Son's income: ";
cin >> sonIncome;
Father father(fatherIncome);
Son son(sonIncome);
int totalIncome = calculateTotalIncome(father, son);
cout << "Total family income: " << totalIncome << endl;
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Enter Father's income: 10500
Enter Son's income: 10000
Total family income: 20500
 EXPERIMENT-7
AIM: Write a C++ program to accept the student detail such as
name & 3 different marks by get_data() method & display the name
& average of marks using display() method. Define a friend function
for calculating the average marks using the method mark_avg().

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student; // Forward declaration for friend function
class Student {
private:
string name;
int mark1, mark2, mark3;
public:
// Method to accept student details
void get_data() {
cout << "Enter student name: ";
cin>>name;
cout << "Enter three marks: ";
cin >> mark1 >> mark2 >> mark3;
}
// Friend function to calculate average marks
friend float mark_avg( Student student);
// Method to display student name and average marks
void display() {
float avg = mark_avg(*this);
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Average Marks: " << avg << endl;
}
};
// Friend function to calculate average marks
float mark_avg(Student student) {
return (student.mark1 + student.mark2 + student.mark3) / 3.0;
}
int main() {
Student student;
student.get_data();
student.display();
return 0;
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Enter student name: AKAKANKSH
Enter three marks: 10 12 15
Student Name: AKAKANKSH
Average Marks: 12.3333

EXPERIMENT-8
AIM: Write a C++ program to explain virtual function
(Polymorphism) by creating a base class polygon which has virtual
function areas two classes rectangle & triangle derived from
polygon & they have area to calculate & return the area of rectangle
& triangle respectively.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Polygon {
public:
// Virtual function to calculate the area of the polygon
virtual float area() {
return 0.0;
}
};
class Rectangle : public Polygon {
private:
float length, breadth;
public:
Rectangle(float l, float b)
{
length=l;
breadth=b;
}
// Override the area() function for Rectangle
float area() {
return length * breadth;
}
};
class Triangle : public Polygon {
private:
float base, height;
public:
Triangle(float b, float h)
{
base=b;
height=h;
}
// Override the area() function for Triangle
float area() {
return 0.5 * base * height;
}
};
int main() {
Polygon* shapes[2];
Rectangle rect(5, 10);
Triangle tri(4, 6);
shapes[0] = &rect;
shapes[1] = &tri;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
cout << "Area of shape " << i + 1 << ": " << shapes[i]->area() <<
endl;
}
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Area of shape 1: 50
Area of shape 2: 12

EXPERIMENT-9
AIM: Design, develop and execute a program in C++ based on the
following requirements: An EMPLOYEE class containing data
members & members functions: i) Data members: employee
number (an integer), Employee_ Name (a string of characters),
Basic_ Salary (in integer), All_ Allowances (an integer), Net_Salary
(an integer). (ii) Member functions: To read the data of an
employee, to calculate Net_Salary& to print the values of all the
data members. (All_Allowances = 123% of Basic, Income Tax (IT)
=30% of gross salary (=basic_ Salary_All_Allowances_IT).

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class EMPLOYEE {
private:
int employeeNumber;
string employeeName;
int basicSalary;
int allAllowances;
int netSalary;
public:
// Function to read employee data
void readData() {
cout << "Enter Employee Number: ";
cin >> employeeNumber;
cout << "Enter Employee Name: ";
// cin.ignore();
//getline(cin, employeeName);
cin>>employeeName;
cout << "Enter Basic Salary: ";
cin >> basicSalary;
}
// Function to calculate net salary
void calculateNetSalary() {
allAllowances = 1.23 * basicSalary;
int grossSalary = basicSalary + allAllowances;
int incomeTax = 0.3 * grossSalary;
netSalary = grossSalary - incomeTax;
}
// Function to print employee details
void printData() {
cout << "\nEmployee Number: " << employeeNumber << endl;
cout << "Employee Name: " << employeeName << endl;
cout << "Basic Salary: " << basicSalary << endl;
cout << "All Allowances: " << allAllowances << endl;
cout << "Net Salary: " << netSalary << endl;
}
};
int main() {
EMPLOYEE emp;
emp.readData();
emp.calculateNetSalary();
emp.printData();
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Enter Employee Number: 12001
Enter Employee Name: STEVE
Enter Basic Salary: 25000
Employee Number: 12001
Employee Name: STEVE
Basic Salary: 25000
All Allowances: 30750
Net Salary: 39025
 EXPERIMENT-10
AIM: Write a C++ program with different class related through
multiple inheritance & demonstrate the use of different access
specifier by means of members variables & members functions.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// Base class: Person
class Person {
protected:
string name;
int age;
public:
// Public member function to set person details
void setPersonDetails(string n, int a) {
name = n;
age = a;
}
// Public member function to display person details
void displayPersonDetails() {
cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << endl;
}
};
// Base class: Address
class Address {
protected:
string city;
string country;
public:
// Public member function to set address details
void setAddressDetails(string c, string cn) {
city = c;
country = cn;
}
// Public member function to display address details
void displayAddressDetails() {
cout << "City: " << city << ", Country: " << country << endl;
}
};
// Derived class: Employee (Multiple Inheritance from Person and
Address)
class Employee : public Person, public Address {
private:
double salary;
public:
// Public member function to set employee details
void setEmployeeDetails(double s) {
salary = s;
}
// Public member function to display employee details
void displayEmployeeDetails() {
cout << "Employee Details:" << endl;
displayPersonDetails(); // Accessing the member function from the
Person class
displayAddressDetails(); // Accessing the member function from the
Address class
cout << "Salary: $" << salary << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Employee emp;
// Setting person details for employee
emp.setPersonDetails("Akakanksh K", 30);
emp.setAddressDetails("New York", "USA");
emp.setEmployeeDetails(50000);
// Displaying employee details
emp.displayEmployeeDetails();
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Employee Details:
Name: Akakanksh K, Age: 30
City: New York, Country: USA
Salary: $50000

EXPERIMENT-11

AIM: Write a C++ program to create three objects for a class

named count object with data members such as roll_no & Name.
Create a members function set_data ( ) for setting the data values &
display ( ) member function to display which object has invoked it
using “this” pointer.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CountObject {
private:
int roll_no;
string name;
public:
// Member function to set data values
void set_data(int roll, string nm) {
this->roll_no = roll;
this->name = nm;
}
// Member function to display which object has invoked it using "this"
pointer
void display() {
cout << "Object with Roll No: " << this->roll_no << ", Name: " << this-
>name;
cout << " has invoked the display() function using this pointer." <<
endl;
}
};
int main() {
CountObject obj1, obj2, obj3;
obj1.set_data(101, "Alice");
obj2.set_data(102, "Bob");
obj3.set_data(103, "Charlie");
obj1.display();
obj2.display();
obj3.display();
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Object with Roll No: 101, Name: Alice has invoked the display()
function using this pointer.
Object with Roll No: 102, Name: Bob has invoked the display()
function using this pointer.
Object with Roll No: 103, Name: Charlie has invoked the display()
function using this pointer.
 EXPERIMENT-12
AIM: Write a C++ program to implement exception handling with
minimum 5 exceptions classes including two built in exceptions.

PROGRAM
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// Custom exception classes
class DivisionByZeroException : public exception {
public:
const char* what() const throw() {
return "Division by zero is not allowed.";
}
};
class NegativeNumberException : public exception {
public:
const char* what() const throw() {
return "Negative number is not allowed.";
}
};
// Function to divide two numbers
double divideNumbers(double num1, double num2) {
if (num2 == 0) {
throw DivisionByZeroException();
}
return num1 / num2;
}
int main() {
try {
// Example 1: Division by zero
double result = divideNumbers(10, 0);
cout << "Result: " << result << endl;
// Example 2: Negative number
double number = -5;
if (number < 0) {
throw NegativeNumberException();
}
cout << "Number: " << number << endl;
}
catch (const DivisionByZeroException& ex) {
cerr << "Caught DivisionByZeroException: " << ex.what() << endl;
}
catch (const NegativeNumberException& ex) {
cerr << "Caught NegativeNumberException: " << ex.what() << endl;
}
catch (const exception& ex) {
cerr << "Caught an exception: " << ex.what() << endl;
}
catch (...) {
cerr << "Caught an unknown exception." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
Caught DivisionByZeroException: Division by zero is not allowed.