KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGTHAN, AHMEDABAD REGION

MATHS CONTENT

CLASS – XII

CHAPTER 3 – MATRICES

IMPORTANT POINTS:

1.Matrix : A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers or functions

arranged into a fixed number of rows and columns.

A matrix is written inside brackets [ ] . Each entry in a matrix is called an

element of the matrices

2.Order of matrix : The dimension or order of matrix is defined by the

number of rows and columns of that matrix. Order of a matrix is given by
No.of rows x No. of columns

3.Row Matrix : A matrix having one row and any number of column is called
a row Matrix. [ a,b,c,d ] 1 x 4 is a row matrix.

4. Column Matrix : A matrix having only one column is called column matrix.

5. Square matrix : A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the

number of Columns, say n, is called a square matrix of order n.

6. Diagonal matrix : A square matrix A = [ a ij ] n x n is called a diagonal

matrix if all the elements, except those in the leading diagonal , are zero i.e.
a ij = 0 for i ≠ j.

7. Scalar matrix : A square matrix A = [ a ij ] nxn is called a scalar matrix, if

(i) a ij = 0 for all i≠ I and ( ii ) a ij = c for all I, where c ≠ 0

8. Identity matrix : A square matrix A = [ a ij ] nxn is called a identity matrix,

If (i) a ij = 0 for all i≠ j and ( ii ) a ij = 1 for all i .

9. Zero matrix: A matrix whose all elements are zero is called a null matrix
or a zero matrix.

10. Two matrices A and B of the same order are equal, if a ij = bij for all
i = 1,2,….. , m ; j = 1,2,……., n.

11. k A = k [ a ij ] mxn =[ka ij ] mxn

12. – A = ( -1 ) A

13 A – B = A + ( - B )

14.A + B = B + A where A and B are of same order

15. ( A + B ) + C = A + ( B + C ) where A ,B and C are of same order

16. k ( A + B ) = kA + KB, where A and B are of same order, k is a constant.

17. A (BC) =A(BC)

18 A (B + C ) =AB +AC

19 ( A + B) C =AC +AB

T
20. Let A = [aij] be mxn matrix. Then transpose of A , denoted by A or A’
is an n x m matrix

21. (i)( A T ) T = A . (ii) (A + B ) T= A T + B T

(iii) ( KA) T = k A T (iv) ( AB)= B T A T
(v) ( ABC) T = C T B T
A T

T
22. Symmetric matrix : A square matrix is called symmeyric if A =A

23. Skew symmetric matrix : A square matrix is called skew symmetric

If A T = - A

24. Every square matrix can be expressed as the sum of a symmetric and
A skew symmetric matrix.
1 1
A= (A+A‘) + (A-A‘)
2 2

MCQ

Q1.A is a 3 X 4 matrix . A matrix B is such that A’ B and B A’ are defined

then order of B is
(a) 3 X 4 (b) 3X3 (c) 4X4 (d) 4X3

Q.2 If matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric , then

 (a) A is diagonal matrix (b) A is square and zero matrix
(c) A is square matrix (d) None of these
Q3. If A = [ 13 3 4 ] and A2 – k A – 5 I = 0 then the value of k is
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 9
Q4. Suppose 3 X 3 matrix A = [ aij ] , whose elements are given by a ij = i
2
- j
2

Then a 32 is equal to
(a)5 (b)1 (c)2 (d)3
Q5. If A and B are symmetric matrices of same order , then AB – BA is a
(a) Skew symmetric matrix (b) Symmetric matrix

(c) Zero matrix (d)Identity matrix

Q6. Choose the correct statement:

(a) Every identity matrix is a scalar matrix .

(b) Every scalar matrix is a identity matrix.

(c) Each diagonal matrix is a identity matrix.

(d) A square matrix with all the elements 1 is an identity matrix.

Q7. If matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric , then

(a) A is diagonal matrix (b) A is square and zero matrix
(c) A is square matrix (d) None of these

Q8. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 X 3 will each entry 0 or 1
is
(a) 27 (b) 18 (c) 81 (d) 512

Q9. If A = [ 2−3 4 ] , B = [ 3 22 ] , X=[1 2 3], Y = [ 23 4 ]

AB + XY equals to
(a) [ 28 ] (b) [ 24 ] (c) [ 12 ] (d) [ -28 ]

Q10. If order of matrix X is 2 X p and order of matrix z is n X n and n=p,

then the order of the matrix 7X-5Z is

(a) Px2 (b) 2 x n (c) n x 3 (d)pxn

Q 11. If [ x− y 2 x 5 ] = [ 2 23 5 ] , then value of y is

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 5

Q12. If A = [ a ij ] mXn , then A' is equal to

(a) [ a ji ] nXm (b) [ a ij ] mXn (c) [ a ji ] mXn (d) [ a ij ] nXm

Q13. A square matrix A = [ a ij ]n X n is called a diagonal matrix if a ij = 0 for

(a) i=j (b) i<j (c) i>j (d) i≠j
2
Q14. If A is square matrix such that A2 = A , then ( I + A ) - 3 A is

(a) I (b) 2A (c) 3I (d) A

Q15. The A = [ 0 11 0 ] , then A 2
is equal to
(a) [ 0 11 0 ] (b) [ 1 01 0 ] (c) [ 0 1 01 ] (d) [ 1 0 01 ]
Q16. [ 2 x + y 4 x 5 x−7 4 x ] = [ 7 7 y−13 y x+ 6 ] , then the value of x and y is
(a) x=3, y=1 (b) x=2, y=3 (c) x=2, y=4 (d) x=3, y=3.
Q17. For what value of x, is the matrix A = [ 0 1−2−10 3 x−3 0 ]

(a)1 ( b) 3 ( c) 2 ( d) -2

Q18. If A = [ a b c d ] , B = |1 0 0 1| then value of adj.( AB ) is

(a) [ d b a c ] (b) [ d−b−c a ]

(c) [ 1 0 01 ] (d) [ 0 0 0 0 ]

Q19. If Matrix B . [ 1−2 1 4 ] = [ 6 0 0 6 ] then Matrix B is

(a) [ 4 1 1 0] (b) [ 1 4 1 0 ]

(c) |1 11 0| (d) Zero matrix

Q20. The matrix [ 0−58 5 0 12−8−12 0 ] is a
 (a) Skew symmetric matrix (b) Symmetric matrix

(d) Scalar matrix (d) Diagonal matrix

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

CASE STUDY QUESTION

1. A manufacture produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener which he
sells in two markets. Annual sales are indicated below

Market Products (in numbers)

Pencil Eraser Sharpener
A 10,000 2000 18,000
B 6000 20,000 8,000
If the unit Sale price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are Rs. 2.50, Rs. 1.50 and Rs. 1.00 respectively, and
unit cost of the above three commodities are Rs. 2.00, Rs. 1.00 and Rs.0.50 respectively, then,

Based on the above information answer the following:( Attempt any 4 )

1) Total revenue of market A

a. Rs. 64,000
b. Rs. 60,400
c. Rs. 46,000
d. Rs. 40600

2) Total revenue of market B

a. Rs. 35,000
b. Rs. 53,000
c. Rs. 50,300
d. Rs. 30,500

3) Cost incurred in market A

a. Rs. 13,000
b. Rs.30,100
c. Rs. 10,300
d. Rs. 31,000

4) Profit in market A and B respectively are

a. (Rs. 15,000, Rs. 17,000)

b. (Rs. 17,000, Rs. 15,000)
c. (Rs. 51,000, Rs. 71,000)
d. ( Rs. 10,000, Rs. 20,000)
 5) Gross profit in both market

a. Rs.23,000
b. Rs. 20,300
c. Rs. 32,000
d. Rs. 30,200

CASE STUDY : 2

Two farmers Ram Kishan and Gurcharan Singh cultivate only three varities of rice
namely X , Y and Z . The sale ( in ₹ ) of these varities of rice by both the farmers in
the month of September and October are given by the following matrices A and B

September sales (in ₹)

X Y Z

A= [ 10,000 20,000 30,000 ¿ RAM KISHAN ,[50,00030,000 10,000]GURCHARAN SINGH

October sales ( in ₹)

X Y Z

B = [ 5,000 10,000 6,000 ¿ RAMKISHAN [20,00010,000 10,000]GURCHARAN SINGH

Based on the above information answer the following question:

1The combined sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety is

( a ) [ 5,000 10,00024,000 30,000 20,000 0 ] ( b ) [ 15,000 30,00036,000 70,000 40,00020,000 ]

( c ) [ 15,000 30,00036,000 30,000 20,000 0 ] ( d ) [ 5,000 10,00024,000 70,000 40,00020,000 ]

2The change in sales from September to October is

( a ) [ 5,000 10,00024,000 30,000 20,000 0 ] ( b ) [ 15,000 30,00036,000 70,000 40,00020,000 ]

( c ) [ 15,000 30,00036,000 30,000 20,000 0 ] ( d ) [ 5,000 10,00024,000 70,000 40,00020,000 ]

3 If Ram Kishan receive 2 percent profit on gross rupees sales, the profit of Ram
Kishan for each variety sold in October is

(a) [ 200 200 120 ] (b) [ 100 100 120 ]

(c) [ 100 200 220 ] (d) [ 100 200 120 ]
4 If Gurcharan receive 3 percent profit on gross rupees sales , the profit of Gurcharan
Singh for each variety sold in October is

( a ) [ 600 600 300 ] ( b ) [ 600 600 600 ]

( c ) [ 600 300 300 ] ( d ) [ 300 300 300 ]

CASE STUDY : 3

Three schools DPS , CVC and KVS decided to organize a fair for collecting money for
helping the food victims

They sold handmade fans , mats and plates from recycled material at a cost of ₹ 25 ,
₹ 100 and ₹ 50 each respectively. The numbers of articles sold are given as

School / Article DPS CVC KVS

Handmade fans 40 25 35
Mats 50 40 50
Plates 20 30 40

Based on the information given above , answer the following questions.

What is the total money ( in ₹) collected by the school DPS?

(a) 700 (b) 7000 (c) 6125 (d) 7875

What is the total amount of money (in ₹) collected by schools CVC and KVS?

(a) 14000 (b) 15725 (c) 21000 (d) 13125

What is the total amount of money (in ₹) collected by all three schools DPS , CVC and
KVS ?

(a) 15775 (b) 14000 (c) 21000 (d) 17125

If the number of handmade fans and plates are interchanged for all the schools , then
what is the total money (in ₹) collected by all the schools?

(a) 18000 (b) 6750 (c) 5000 (d) 21250

How many articles (in total) are sold by three schools ?

(a) 230 (b) 130 (c) 430 (d) 330

CASE STUDY : 4

On her birthday , Seema decided to donate some money to children of an orphanage

home.

If there were 8 children less , everyone would have got Rs 10 more. However , if there
were 16 children more, everyone would have got Rs 10 less. Let the number of
children be x and the amount distributed by Seema for one child be y (in ₹)

Based on the information given above , answer the following questions.

1. The equations in terms are

(b) 5x - 4y = 40 , 5x – 8y = - 80
(c) 5x - 4y = 40 , 5x + 8y = 80
(d) 5x - 4y = 40 , 5x + 8y = - 80
(e) 5x + 4y = 40 , 5x – 8y = - 80
2. Which of following matrix equations represent the information given above?

(a) [ 5 4 5 8 ] [ x y ] = [ 40−80] (b) [ 5−4 5−8 ] [ x y ]= [ 40 80 ]

 ( c) [ 5−4 5−8 ] [ x y ] = [ 40−80] (d) [ 5 4 5−8 ] [ x y ]= [ 40−80]

Q3 The number of children who were given some money by Seema, is

(a) 30 (b) 40 (c) 23 (d) 32
Q4 How much amount (in ₹) is given to each child by Seema ?
(a) 32 (b) 30 (c) 62 (d) 26
Q5 How much amount Seema spends in distributing the money to all the
students of the Orphanage?
(a) ₹609 (b) ₹ 960 (c) ₹906 (d) ₹ 690

CASE STUDY QUESTION 5

Read the following text and answer the following questions.
There are 3 families A, B and C. The number of members in these
Families are given :

Men Women children

Family A 3 2 1
Family B 2 4 2
Family C 4 3 2

The daily expenses of each man , woman and child are respectively
Rs. 200 , Rs. 100, Rs 50.

Q1. The total daily expense of family A is --------

( a) 850 ( b) 900 (c) 1200 ( d ) 2950

Q2. The total daily expense of family C is --------

( a) 850 ( b) 900 (c) 1200 ( d ) 2950
 Q3. The Combined daily expense of all the women is --------
(a) 850 ( b) 900 (c) 1200 ( d ) 2950

Q4.The family with highest expense is ----------

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) all have same expense

Q5. The Combined expense of men in family A and children in

family C is --------
(a) 600 ( b) 700 (c) 800 ( d ) 900

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q1.If¿ ] = A + ¿], then find the matrix A.

Q2. If matrix A = [ 1 2 3 ] , then write AA’ ,where A’ is the transpose of

matrix A.

Q3. If The matrix [ 0 a 3 2 b−1 c 10 ] is a skew – symmetric matrix, then find the
Values of a ,b and c.

Q4.If A =[ cosα−sinα sinα cosα ] , then for what value of α, A is an identity

matrix.

Q5. If [ 12 3 4 ] [ 3 1 25 ] =[ 7 11 k 23 ], then find the value of k.

Q6. Write a square matrix of order 2, which is both symmetric and skew
Symmetric.

Q7. From the following matrix equation , find the value of x :

[ x+ y 4−53 y ]= [ 3 4−5 6 ]

Q8. Write the order of the product matrix.

[ 1 23 ] [ 2 3 4 ]

i
Q9. For a 2x2 matrix , A = [ aij ] , whose elements are given by a ij = ,
j
 Write the value of a12

Q10. Simplify : cos θ [ cosθ sinθ−sinθ cosθ ] + sinθ [ sinθ−cosθ cosθ sinθ ]

Q11. For what value of x, is the matrix A = [ 0 1−2−10 3 x−3 0 ] a skew

Symmetric matrix ?

1
Q12. If A is a 3 x 3 matrix , whose elements are given by a ij = | -3i + j |
3
Then write the value of a 23

Q13. If A is a square matrix and | A | =2 , then write the value of | AA’ |,

Where A’ is the transpose of matrix A.

Q14. Let A and B are matrices of order 3x2 and 2x4 respectively . write the
Order of matrix (AB) .

Q15. If a matrix has 8 elements , what are the possible orders it can have?
What if it has 5 elements?

Q16. If A = [ aij ]= [ 23−5 1 4 9 0 7−2 ] , find a22+ a11+ a 33

Q17.Construct a 2x2 matrix A =[ a ij ] whose elements are given by

2 ¿
a ij = (2 i+ j)¿ 2

Q18. If A = [ 3 1−1 2 ] , show that A 2

-5A +7 I 2 = O.

Q19. If A = [ 23 4 5 ] , prove that A – A T

is a skew symmetric matrix.

Q20. If X – Y = [ 11 1 11 0 1 0 0 ] and X + Y = [ 3 51−11 4 118 0 ] , find X and Y.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q1. If [ 23 5 7 ] [ 1−3−2 4 ]= [ −4 6−9 x ] , then write the value of x.

Q2. Find the value of x + y from the following equation :

 2 [ x 5 7 y−3 ] + ¿ [ 3−4 1 2 ]= [ 7 6 15 14 ]

Q3. If matrix A = [ 1−1−1 1 ] and A 2

= kA then write the value of k.

Q4. Show that A’A and AA’ are both symmetric matrices for any matrix A.

Q5. If matrix A = If [ 3−3−3 3 ] and A 2 = λa ,then write the value of λ.

2
Q6. If A is a square matrix such that A = I , then find the simplified value
of (A – I ) 3 + ( A + I ) 3 – 7 A.

Q7. Matrix A =[ 0 2 b−2 3 13 3 a 3−1 ] is given to be symmetric, find the value of a

and
b.

T
Q8. If matrix A = [ 1 2 3 ] , write A A .

Q9. Find the value of x and y which makes the following pair of matrices
are equal.

[ 2 x + y 3 y 0 4 ]= [ 6 0 6 4 ]

Q10.If A and B are symmetric matrices , such that AB and BA are both
defined , then prove that AB-BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
Q11. For the matrix A == [ 23 5 7 ] , Find A + A T and verify it is a symmetric
matrix.

Q12. If A = [ 3−2 4−2 ] and I = [ 1 0 01 ] , then prove that A2 -A +2I =O

Q13. If A = [ cos 2 θ sin 2θ−sin 2 θ cos 2 θ ] , Find A 2

.

Q14. Show that the matrix B T AB is symmetric or skew symmetric

according as A is symmetric or skew symmetric.
Q15. Find a 2x2 matrix A such that A [ 1−2 1 4 ] = 6 I2
Q16.Find the value of x , y, z if the matrix A = [ 0 2 y z x y−z x− y z ] satisfy the
Equation AT A = I3
Q17. If the matrix A = [ 0 a 3 2 b−1 c 10 ] is skew symmetric, find the values of
a,b
and c .

Q18. Let A and B be symmetric matrices of the same order. Then show that
AB -BA is a skew symmetric matrix.

Q19. If Matrix A = [ 2−2−22 ] and A 2

= p A , then write the value of p.

Q20. Let A = [ 2−3−7 5 ] and B = [ 1 02−4 ] , verify that (A – B) T =AT- BT

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q1. If A = [ 1−1 2−1 ] and B = [ a 1 b−1 ] and ( A + B ) 2 = A 2 + B 2 ,then find
The values of a and b.
Q2. If A = [ 2−1 3 4 ] , B = [ 5 27 4 ]∧C= [ 2 5 3 8 ] . Find a matrix D such that
CD -AB =O.
Q3. Prove that every square matrix can be expressed as the sum of
symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.
Q4. Find the matrix A satisfying the matrix equation

[ 21 3 2 ] A [ −3 25−3 ] = [ 1 0 0 1 ] .

Q5. If A = [ 2−1−12 ] , and I is the identity matrix of order 2, then show that

A2 =4A-3I. Hence find A-1

Q6. If A = [ 23−1 2 ] , then show that A2 -4A+7I=0, using this result, calculate

Q7. Find the values of a,b,c and d if [ a−b 2 a+c 2 a−b 3 c+ d ] = [ −15 0 13 ]

Q8. If A= [ 3 1−1 2 ] and I = [ 1 0 01 ], then find λ so that A2 = 5A + λI

Q9 If A = [ 1 02 0 2 12 0 3 ] , prove that A3-6A2+7A+2I=0

Q10. If A= [ 3−2 4−2 ] and I = [ 1 0 01 ] , then find k so that A2 = kA -2I

Q11. Express the matrix as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric

matrix [ 3 3−1−2−2 1−4−5 2 ]

Q12. For matrix A = [ 15 6 7 ] , verify that( A + A’ ) is a symmetric matrix.

Q13. If A = diag(1 -1 2) and B = diag(2 3 -1) find A + B, 3A + 4B

Q14. The monthly income of Aryan and Babban are in the ratio 3:4 and

Their monthly expenditures are in the ratio 5:7. If each saves

Rs.15000 per month, find their monthly income using matrix method.

Q15. Find a matrix X, such that 2A +B+ X=O, where A= [ −1 23 4 ] and

B = [ 3−2 1 5 ]

Answer key

MCQ (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)

1.(a) 2.(b) 3.(c) 4.(a) 5.(a) 6.(a) 7.(b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10.(b)

11.(a) 12.(a) 13.(c) 14.(a) 15.(d) 16.(b) 17.(c) 1 8. (d) 19. (a) 20.(a)

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS ANSWERS

Case study question 1 answers
1.(c) 2.(b) 3.(d) 4.(a) 5.(c)

Case study question 2 answers

1.(b) 2.(a) 3.(d) 4.(c)

Case study question 3 answers

1.(b) 2.(c) 3.(c) 4.(d) 5.(d)

Case study question 4 answers

1.(a) 2.(c) 3.(d) 4.(b) 5.(b)

Case study question 5 answers

1.(a) 2.(c) 3.(b) 4.(c) 5.(b)
 Very Short Answer Type Questions

1 [ 8−3 5−2−3−6 ] 2. 14

3. a= -2 , b=0 , c= -3 4. α = 0

5 . k=17 6. [ 0 0 0 0 ]

7 x=1 , y=2 8. 3x3

1
9 . a12 = 2 10. . [ 1 0 01 ]

11 . x=2 12 . 1

13 . 4 14. 3x4

15 . 1x8 ,8x1, 2x4, 4x2 16 . 4

17. [ 9/2 8 25/2 18 ] 18. Proof

19. proof 20. X = [ 23 1 0 1 26 4 0 ] Y= [ 12 0−1 02 5 4 0 ]

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. [ −4 6−9 x ]

2. x=2, y=9,x+y=11

3 . k=2

4. proof

5. λ =6
 6. A

7. a= -2/3 , b= 3/2

8. 14

9. x=3, y=0

10. proof

11. Proof

12. proof

13. [ cos 4 θ sin 4 θ−sin 4 θ cos 2 θ ]

14. proof

15. [ 4 2−11 ]

1 1 1
16. x=± √ , y= =± √ , z= =± 3
❑ ❑

17. b=0 , a= -2, c= -3

18. proof

19. p = 4

20. proof

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a=1, b=4 2. D= . [ −191−110 77 44 ]

3. proof 4. A =[ 11 1 0 ]

5. [ 2/3 1/31 /3 2/3 ] 6. [ −118−93 31−118 ]

7. a=1,b=2,c=3,d=4 8. λ = -7
9. proof 10. K=1

11.proof 12. Proof

13. diag ( 11 9 2) 14. Rs. 90000, Rs.120000

15. X =[ −1−2−7−13 ]

Name of teacher : Seema rajput

Name of kv : kv 3, ongc, surat