A Smart Irrigation System using IOT for

Farmers.
M. Hemanth Reddy P. Soubhagyalakshmi K. Hemanth Reddy Nithin BS Nikhilesh Kumar
Department of CSE Department of CSE Department of
Department of CSE Department of CSE
Dayananda Sagar Dayananda Sagar University Dayananda Sagar University CSE Dayananda Sagar
University Bangalore, Bangalore, India Bangalore, India Dayananda University Bangalore,
Sagar University India
India soubhagyalakshmi.p- hemanthreddykomma123@
Bangalore, India
[email protected]@dsu.edu.in gmail.com nikhileshkumar.t1@gm

com Within the realm of agriculture, horticulture plays

Abstract— India is a country where the most crops a pivotal role, contributing significantly to India's
are grown. Our ancient society was based on economy, nutrition, gender empowerment, and
agriculture. Agriculture is the livelihood of the employment opportunities. Horticulture
elite in India and has a strong impact on the encompasses a diverse array of crops, including
country's economy. Irrigation can be difficult in fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices and condiments,
arid regions or when rainfall is insufficient.
ail.com
Therefore, he wants to create and measure only the they are nithinbs125@gmai l.com
necessary product to protect the farmer.
constantly growing gained prominence in the
Horticulture is a subsector of agriculture that plays
agricultural trade landscape. The overarching goal
an important role in the economy, human nutrition,
of horticulture is to ensure food security for the
gender and employment. Agricultural products,
nation's populace, addressing both nutritional and
including fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices and
economic concerns.
food products, have grown steadily and become an
A smart irrigation system utilizing IoT technology
important part of the agricultural sector. The
can significantly benefit farmers by providing
purpose of gardening systems is to ensure food
efficient and judicious use of water for crops. Use
security, while the purpose of automatic water
sensors to monitor things like humidity,
management is to reduce the effort of human
temperature, humidity and light intensity, these
workers (gardeners) in activities. The control
systems can make informed decisions about when
system is built around Arduino and programmed
and how much to water crops. Machine learning
using the C language. GSM technology is also
algorithms and ontology can further enhance the
used to send messages about the pump to the
decisionmaking process, allowing the system to
operator's mobile phone. In this way, you can
adapt to different types of crops, soil, and climate.
easily understand the information without wasting
time and energy.
Edge computing can also play a crucial role in
reducing latency and reducing the burden on the
main IoT server. Smart irrigation systems can
Keywords: Arduino, DHT11 sensor, Soil moisture
help conserve water, reduce costs, and increase
sensor, Relay, LCD, Pump motor, IR sensor, GSM,
power supply
crop production, making them a valuable tool for
farmers around the world. By continuously
monitoring and analyzing crop data, these systems
I. INTRODUCTION can provide farmers with the information they
India, a country deeply rooted in its agrarian need to make informed decisions about their crops
traditions, has historically been reliant on and improve good water recommendations.
crop cultivation for sustenance. Agriculture
has been the lifeblood of its people, and its II. LITERATURE SURVEY
influence extends far and wide, leaving an
indelible mark on the nation's economy. Tharakan & Jayan (2020) and Kumar & Bhati
However, the challenge arises in regions (2019) discuss IoTbased smart agriculture systems
where rainfall is scarce, making irrigation a that promote water management efficiency. These
necessity for ensuring successful crop yields studies highlight the potential of IoT for
and safeguarding the livelihoods of farmers. optimizing irrigation practices[1][2].Karkee &
In response to this need, automatic irrigation Adhikari (2017) explore automation and remote
control systems have emerged as a vital tool sensing technologies for sustainable crop
for precise and efficient agricultural production. This study aligns with the concept of
production. using sensors and automation for improved
agricultural practices[3].Zhang et al. (2019) emphasizes the technical aspects of such
and Mohanraj et al. (2021) present smart systems[6].Mohanraj et al. (2016) and Shekhar et
agriculture systems built on IoT al. (2017) delve into field monitoring and
infrastructure. These works demonstrate the automation in agriculture using IoT. These works
feasibility of implementing sensor-based data showcase the application of IoT for real-time data
collection and automated irrigation control[4] collection and automated irrigation systems[7][8].
[5]. Kansasa et al. (2015) conducted a review Rajalakshmi and Mahalakshmi (2016) discussed
of sensor-based automatic irrigation systems an
using the Internet of Things. The work

1
IoT-based farmland monitoring and irrigation
automation system. The work aligns with the
proposed research by focusing on similar
functionalities[9].While the reviewed
literature establishes the effectiveness of IoT-
based smart irrigation systems, there is scope
for further research on:Optimizing irrigation
algorithms based on real-time sensor data and
weather conditions.Exploring integration
with machine learning for predictive Fig.1 Block Diagram
maintenance and resource
management.Investigating the economic Soil moisture, temperature and humidity sensors
feasibility and scalability of such systems for are among the many sensors that make up this
various farm sizes.This research paper can be system. Regularly gathering data, these sensors
further strengthened by considering the transmit it to the Internet of Things platform,
impact of vertical farming on the where it is processed. In order to determine the
applicability of the proposed smart irrigation predefined threshold values, the platform
system.Studies like Despommier (2011) and measures the soil moisture content. Sending a
Stein (2021) discuss the environmental command to the IoT platform to activate the
effects of large-scale indoor farming. irrigation system, if soil moisture is below
However, the water management challenges threshold.The sensors send out a command, which
in vertical farming might differ and require the IoT platform receives and executes. Next, a
adaptations of the proposed system[10] command to begin watering the plants is sent by
[11].Additionally, works like Danita et al. the platform to the irrigation system. Following
(2019) explore IoT-based monitoring systems the command from the IoT platform, the irrigation
in greenhouses, which could provide insights system turns on the water pump. Plant irrigation
for adapting the system to vertical farming begins when the water pump is turned on. A
environments[12]. prearranged irrigation schedule can also be
followed by the system. The type of plants and the
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM frequency of watering required can be taken into
consideration when setting this schedule, which
Users of the proposed system use technology the user can modify. By means of an intuitive
in the horticultural industry. In this system, mobile application or web interface, the user can
DHT11 sensors are used to monitor the keep an eye on the system's condition and receive
humidity and temperature in the fields, and notifications. Additionally, the user can modify
Moisture Sensor is used to determine the the soil moisture threshold values and the
soil's moisture content. These sensors' data is irrigation schedule. The encryption algorithms and
directly shown on the LCD and uploaded to secure communication protocols used by the
the server. This makes it simple for the user system guarantee data security. To manage who
to access the moisture and climate conditions has access to the system and can alter its settings,
at the fields. The motor pump is turned on the user can also control access permissions for
when a fire occurs and the user receives a various users. Additional maintenance duties that
message and buzzer alert. the system is capable of carrying out include
cleaning and inspecting the water pump.

2
 Fig.3 System Design

Fig.2 Workflow
IV. METHDOLOGY
Smart Irrigation system with IoT
monitoring is a sophisticated The Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart
agricultural solution designed to address irrigation system uses these codes to monitor
the inefficiencies in traditional farming and control temperature. If the temperature
practices. At its core, the system value (t) is greater than 36 degrees Celsius,
integrates soil moisture sensors the code checks to see if it is. The system
strategically positioned across the field, initiates a sequence of events when the
continuously monitoring and providing temperature surpasses 36 degrees. The code
real-time data on soil conditions. moves the cursor to the first row of the
Complementing this, weather stations second column and clears the LCD display
collect vital environmental variables first. The LCD display then displays the
such as temperature and humidity. The message "High Temperature," alerting the
interconnected network, facilitated by a user to the temperature being higher than
robust wireless infrastructure, enables acceptable. The buzzer is then activated by
seamless communication between these the code to notify the user that the
sensors and the central control system. temperature is too high. The buzzer will go
The system is driven by automation, off after two seconds of operation. In order to
employing algorithms to schedule get the message ready for delivery, the code
irrigation activities based on the then sets the message variable to the string
aggregated sensor data, optimizing "temparature is very HIGH.". To notify the
water usage and ensuring crop health. A user of the high temperature, an alert message
key feature is the remote accessibility is sent via the SendMessage() function.
granted to farmers through user-friendly if( t>36){ lcd.clear();
interfaces, including mobile applications
and web-based dashboards, allowing lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
them to monitor and control the lcd.print("High
irrigation system from anywhere. Data
analytics, including machine learning Temperature");
algorithms, process the information to digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
predict crop water requirements,
enabling proactive adjustments to delay(2000);
irrigation schedules. Furthermore, the digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
system emphasizes sustainability by
msg="temparature is very
incorporating solar-powered devices and
implementing smart power management HIGH";
strategies to optimize energy
SendMessage();
consumption. With scalability in mind,
the architecture allows for future delay(1000); upload();
expansions and compatibility with delay(1000);
existing farm management systems,
ensuring adaptability to evolving
agricultural needs and technological The code uses an if-else if statement to verify the
advancements. The proposed system LDR value (ldrval). The code enters the first else
represents a holistic and technologically if block if the LDR value is HIGH. The code
advanced approach to precision activates the LED lightbulb by setting its digital
agriculture, aiming to enhance water pin to HIGH inside the first else if block. By
efficiency, conserve resources, and setting the buzzer's digital pin to HIGH, the code
improve overall crop yields. also activates the buzzer. The buzzer turns off
after two seconds of being ON. The code clears
3
the LCD display and prints "LDR delay(1000);
DETECTED" and "BULB ON" after the
digitalWrite(buzzer,
buzzer turns off. The user is then alerted by
the code that the system is turning on the LOW); lcd.clear();
lightbulb because the LDR value is extremely lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
low. In addition, the code uploads the
temperature data to a cloud platform. lcd.print("Soil dry");
else if (ldrval == delay(2000);
HIGH) msg="moisture is very low, switching
ON the waterpump";
{ digitalWrite(
SendMessage();
bulb,HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(buzzer,
upload();
HIGH);
delay(1000);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(pump,L
digitalWrite(buzzer,
OW);
LOW);
lcd.clear();
Using the digitalWrite function and HIGH
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); value, the buzzer will sound for 1000
lcd.print("LDR milliseconds, or one second. The lcd . clear()
function will be used to clear the display. The
DETECTED");
message "someone found" will appear, and
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); the cursor will be placed in the first column
and second row of the display. Before
lcd.print("BULB
continuing, the display will wait 2000
ON"); milliseconds, or two seconds. The message
delay(2000); "movement alert" will be assigned to the msg
variable. To send the alert to the appropriate
msg="Ldr value is very low, recipients, the SendMessage() function will
switching ON bulb"; be invoked. Before continuing, the display
will wait 1000 milliseconds, or one second.
SendMessage(); delay(1000); To upload data to the cloud, the upload()
upload(); delay(1000); function will be accessed. else if (irval==0){
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
digitalWrite(bulb,LOW); delay(1000); digitalWrite(buzzer,
LOW);
By setting the digital pin that is connected to lcd.clear();
the pump to HIGH, the code activates the lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
water pump. In order to notify the user that
the soil is dry, the code also sets off the lcd.print("someone
buzzer. After that, the code waits 1000 ms (or found");
one second) before turning the buzzer off. To
alert the user, the code clears the LCD screen delay(2000);
and prints the phrase "Soil dry.". A warning msg="movement
message is sent to users informing them that
alert";
the pump is on and the humidity is too low.
Hot data is stored in code to a server or cloud SendMessage();
platform for further processing or storage.
delay(1000);
The code disables the water pump after 1000
milliseconds, or one second. upload();
else if (moival == delay(1000);
HIGH)
The water pump is activated: The
{ digitalWrite(
digitalWrite(pump, HIGH) function activates
pump,HIGH); the pump, allowing water to be sprayed onto
digitalWrite(buzzer, the identified fire to put it out. The buzzer is
activated: To warn those nearby of the fire,
HIGH);
4
the digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH) function
activates the buzzer, which sounds an
}
alarm. To enable the pump to turn on and
the buzzer to sound, a delay of 1000 d
milliseconds (one second) is added using e
the delay(1000) function. The buzzer is
disabled: The buzzer is disabled after one l
second by the digitalWrite(buzzer, a
LOW) function. "Fire Detected" appears
on the LCD screen after it has been y
cleared. Before sending the alert, a 2000 (
millisecond (2 second) delay is added.
The SendMessage() function is used to 1
send the message "Fire detected, Turning 0
On Pump.". The uploading of the data to
the cloud is preceded by an additional 0
1000 milliseconds (1 second). When all );
necessary steps have been completed, the
pump is turned off. else if (irval2==0){
digitalWrite(pump,HIGH); V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(1000); digitalWrite(buzzer,
LOW); lcd.clear(); Compared to conventional irrigation techniques,
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("Fire the project effectively cut water consumption by
Detected"); delay(2000); 30%. This demonstrates how well the smart
irrigation system works to conserve water, which
msg="Fire detected , is important for sustainable agricultural practices
Turning On Pump"; or in areas that are prone to droughts. With the use
of a buzzer, it protects the crop from animal
SendMessage(); attacks, minimizes crop waste, and prevents crop
delay(1000); fire accidents. We use an automatic nighttime
light switcher for a few specific plants. The
upload(); farmer operator receives a message from the
delay(1000); system regarding every farm activity, including
motion, fire, and light detection and control of the
digitalWrite(pump,LOW)
motor pump and LED light.
;

Fig.4 System Implementation

5
 Fig.5 Results of
the system

Integrating ThingSpeak involves creating a This smart irrigation system, leveraging the power
channel on the platform and configuring your of IoT sensors and real-time data analysis, offers a
microcontroller to send data to that channel game-changing solution for sustainable
using ThingSpeak's API or libraries.Create a agriculture. The system saves significant amounts
channel on ThingSpeak specifically for your of water by automating irrigation based on precise
soil moisture data.Configure your soil moisture and user-defined schedules, a
microcontroller to send the calibrated soil precious resource often wasted in traditional
moisture readings to your ThingSpeak practices. This not only translates to
channel using ThingSpeak's API or libraries. environmental benefits but also reduces manual
Many resources and tutorials are available labor, freeing farmers for other crucial tasks. The
online for specific microcontrollers like user-friendly interface empowers remote
Arduino or ESP modules. monitoring and adjustments, fostering informed
decision-making and potentially leading to
improved crop yields. Looking ahead,
advancements in machine learning can further
optimize irrigation by incorporating historical
data, weather forecasts, and real-time sensor
readings. Expanding sensor capabilities to
monitor nutrient levels can enable the system to
recommend fertilizer application, promoting
optimal plant health. Furthermore, integrating
disease and pest detection technology can
empower early intervention and minimize crop
damage. For controlled environments like
greenhouses, the system could seamlessly
integrate with other IoT functionalities like
temperature and humidity control, creating a
Fig.6 Graph of Sensor A: Inserted in initially 79% comprehensive smart agriculture solution.
moist soil
Standardized components and communication
protocols hold the key to wider adoption and
integration with existing farm management
systems. By exploring cost-effective solutions,
the system can become accessible to a broader
range of farms, fostering a more sustainable and
productive agricultural future.

REFERENCES

[1] Tharakan, S., Jayan, A. (2020). "IoT-Based Smart

Agriculture System for Efficient Water Management," in
International Journal of Computer Applications; 2020.
[2] Kumar, A., Bhati, M. (2019). "IoT-Based Smart
Agriculture: A Review," in International Journal of Computer
Applications; 2019
[3] Karkee, M., Adhikari, R. (2017). "Automation and
Remote Sensing for Sustainable Crop Production," in Journal
of Agricultural Science and Technology A; 2017.

Fig.7 Graph of Sensor B: Inserted in over [4] Zhang, Y., Gao, L., Jin, S. (2019). "A Smart
Agriculture System Based on IoT," in 2019 IEEE 2nd
irrigated soil
International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data
Analysis (ICCCBDA).
IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
SCOPE
6
[5] Mohanraj, R., Vidhya, K. (2021). "IoT-Based
Smart Agriculture Monitoring System," in 2021 IEEE
International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable
Systems (ICISS).
[6] Kansara, K., Zaveri, V., Shah, S.,
Delwadkar, S. and Jani, K., (2015). Sensor-based
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review. International Journal of Computer Science
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[7] Mohanraj, I., Ashokumar, K. and Naren, J.,
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[8] Shekhar, Y., Dagur, E., Mishra, S. and
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[9] Rajalakshmi, P. and Mahalakshmi, S.D.,
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[10] D. Despommier, “The vertical farm:
controlled environment agriculture carried out in tall
buildings would create greater food safety and security
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und Leb., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 233–236, 2011, doi:
10.1007/s00003-010- 0654-3.
[11] E. W. Stein, “The Transformative
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[12] M. Danita, B. Mathew, N. Shereen, N.
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10.1109/ICCONS.2018.8662911

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RE-2022-233979-plag-report
ORIGINALITY REPORT

3 % 1% 1% 1%
SIMILARITY INDEX INTERNET SOURCES PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PAPERS

PRIMARY SOURCES

1 Submitted to Rwanda Defence Forces Command

and Staff College
1%
Student Paper

2 Mahammad Shareef Mekala, P. Viswanathan. "A

Survey: Smart agriculture IoT with cloud
1%
computing", 2017 International conference
on
Microelectronic Devices, Circuits and Systems
(ICMDCS), 2017
Publication

3 Submitted to Caledonian College of Engineering 1%

Student Paper

4 Swati V. Patel, Satyen Parikh, Savan Patel, <1%

Haresh Patel. "Automated Irrigation
Scheduling for Different Crop using IoT",
2022 Sixth International Conference on I-
 SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and
Cloud) (ISMAC), 2022
Publication

5 github.comInternet Source <1%