Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2018)

IEEE Conference Record # 42487; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-0965-1

INTELLIGENT BABY INCUBATOR

Megha Koli 1, Purvi Ladge2, Bhavpriya Prasad3, Ronak Boria4, Prof. Nazahat J. Balur5
1,2,3,4 Student Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
5 Assistant Professor in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Andheri, Mumbai.
Email: - [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract— In today’s world where temperature is an important part of our environment. Any variations in the
temperature can affect all the living organism and also some semiconductor materials. Our project is to provide
a control on the changes in temperature for certain applications such as baby incubator. Worldwide incubator is
used for the infants to improve the survival of babies by providing them warm environment and reducing the
heat loss from the baby’s body. Basically, incubator is the standard method used worldwide. In this we are using
Arduino, temperature sensor for monitoring or controlling the temperature of the baby’s body. The constant
temperature of 36.5-37.2° C is required by the baby as it is required by the baby as in mother’s womb. The
programming code of Arduino is used to control the temperature. Buzzer is used for the indication of change in
temperature in a neonatal nursing home where a number of incubators are kept. IOT web designing is used for
monitoring the changes in temperature anywhere at all time.

Keywords- Baby incubator, arduino

case a baby’s heart rate and level of humidity is
I. INTRODUCTION detected as abnormal. Using wireless technology real
time data of baby can be realized by the doctor.
“A baby is caused to death due to overheating of
incubator.” News like this we hear quit often because II. LITERATURE SURVEY
lack of monitoring components.
About 4 million babies worldwide die in the first There are many home-care systems but majority of
month of life due to low birth weight [1].The required them are for aged people. They send the feedback
temperature of baby incubator is between 36.5-37.2 signals in the form of alarm when some undesired
degrees Celsius, but because of some reasons this changes in the health of the patient occurs. It is
temperature rises suddenly. As doctor is unaware of sensitive to care for infants as compared to aged
this problem in the incubator premature baby suffers people because infants cannot convey themselves
a lot of problems. about their discomforts. If we start building
Need is to indicate the fluctuating temperature and incubators, doctors too can properly guide about the
temperature control. We have to maintain constant temperature changes.
temperature in relatively small area without harming In Africa, new methodology is used called as KMC.
baby in the incubator. If software is developed to give They keep premature baby on mother’s chest to
continuous updates about baby’s health, urgent provide warm environment. This technique is very
situation can be handled within less time [2]. helpful for their citizens because hospitals are very
Temperature control is the basic controls that are used far from the residence. In addition to this, babies are
in many applications [3]. In addition to this we are having low birth weight because of which heat loss
also using heart beat monitor which will count the takes place which results in the death of the babies.
pulses of the baby. Further we are developing one Another alternative has been adapted by the adapted
web application for doctors that will send current by the people in which two glass bottles filled with
pulse rate, temperature and baby’s condition per hot water are placed besides the body. It is a closed
minute. Any changes in the temperature are indicated setup. Glass bottles have the capability to transfer
by three ways such as Bulb, buzzer and message heat due to which baby is kept in a constant warm
notification. As there are many incubators in neonatal environment. It works similar to the incubator.
nursing stations so it becomes difficult to identify All these methods and solutions which are adapted
which of the specific incubator is having problem. To can be used for limited period of time. For these
resolve this difficulty bulb and buzzer is used. we are techniques, an invigilator is assigned for each infant.
also using wireless communication system that In the case of KMC, it is assumed that mother’s body
connects the computer with monitoring station provides required amount of heat to the baby; if the
through web application [4]. mother is not capable of fulfilling the need of the
The purpose of this study is to look into the problem baby, then need of incubator arises. Also, in case of
of varying incubator temperature and find the the glass bottles, the water needs to be constantly
solution for it. The goal is to alert hospital staff in changed after certain amount of time. The present

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2018)
IEEE Conference Record # 42487; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-0965-1

incubator system needs to be calibrated in every 3 Less humidity causes problems like hypothermia,
months for accurate results. All the human based dehydration in the infants. This problem can be
errors in the incubator need to be solved for reduced if premature infants are nursed at relatively
betterment of the preterm infant[10]. high humidity.
In our system we have overcome all these problems Increase in the temperature of the incubator as well as
to provide suitable environment to the infant. oxygen consumption of preterm infants takes place because
of relatively low humidity. If the humidity is low it tends
rise in insensible water losses, which in turn increases
A. III. METHODLOGY AND heat evaporation and moisture loss. While relatively
IMPLEMENTATION higher levels of humidity is also not suitable for
infants as it will increase the possibility for germs and
bacteria [9].
B. Temperature sensor Thus, by considering all such issues maintaining
The most important factor which affects the suitable humidity conditions is very important. Flow
premature babies is temperature regulation. As chart given below shows operation of humidity
infants are having low thermal regulation heat loss sensor.
takes place in their body. The infant cannot survive
with the thermal loss which in turn body of the infant
needs warm environment. The required temperature
range is 36.5 to 37.2. Temperature greater than this is
very harmful for the infant.
Thus, temperature is the one of the most important
phenomenon which is to be controlled [8]. Working
of temperature sensor is explained by using flow
chart given below.

D. Heart beat monitor

We have used heart beat monitor: HT-BPM.
Generally, in case of premature baby’s condition
occurs when they stop breathing or their heart rates
drop. The medical name for this state is Apnea of
prematurity. Therefore, it is very important to
monitor heart beats of infants. Heart beat monitor is
an Infrared sensor which continuously counts the
number of pulses per 60 seconds and sends it to
C. Humidity controller[9].

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2018)
IEEE Conference Record # 42487; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-0965-1

Working of heart beat monitor is as shown in flow

chart. F. Hardware Implementation
Intelligent control system uses Arduino with the
following advantages. Firstly, it is an open source
computer hardware and Arduino boards are made up
of an Atmel 8bit AVR microcontroller (AT mega
328) [5]. secondly It consists of 14 digital
input/output pins, 6 analog inputs and a 16Mhz
ceramic resonator. We can connect Arduino to the
computer using USB connector. DC power jack is
also used to power Arduino. It has ICSP (in circuit
serial programming) header which is having ability to
program microcontrollers, embedded devices and
programmable logic devices [6]. This project
encircles temperature, humidity and heartbeat
monitoring system for infant incubator. Examining
momentous of temperature and humidity is a base for
this project. In this project we are using Arduino Uno
which is a microcontroller. This controls three
actuators which will measure data from three
specifications. The Radio Frequency is one of the
superlative technology which is used in sending and
receiving data information. Because of betterment in
technology, we can also use this method in
biomedical branch to monitor patient’s condition.
Input data is transmitted from transmitter which will
E. Buzzer be displayed on computer screen.
In neonatal nursing home there are number of When unusual conditions occur that means when
incubators placed in one room. Also, it is difficult for temperature rises suddenly above the specified range
the doctor to have continuous look on each and every buzzer will start giving instructions regarding
incubator. Because of this we have used buzzer in this uncertain state. The aim of this project is to
project for indication of any abnormal condition. implement signal transmission using WIFI module
Following flow chart gives an idea about how buzzer with increasing safety level and reducing human
works. mistake factor.

G.

Fig.1: Block diagram[11]

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2018)
IEEE Conference Record # 42487; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-0965-1

a. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION the buzzer and a relay circuit for the bulb. The
transistor used is BC547. The buzzer is connected to
Temperature sensor, heart beat monitor, bulb, buzzer pin no. :12 of controller. The bulb is connected to pin
and Wi-Fi module all these components are no.: 13 of controller. IOT is being used in this project
interfaced to the Arduino. Temperature sensor and for developing a website. The website will contain
heart beat monitor are used as input. Output is information of temperature, number of pulses. When
expressed in three forms via bulb, buzzer and Wi-Fi the data is sent to the server about the change in
module. Bulb and buzzer is to indicate sudden temperature then the information is displayed on the
changes in the temperature. So, it is easy for the website. This website will give information to the
doctor to identify the specific incubator in which doctor. After some interval of time the information of
there is a temperature change. Temperature Sensor the number of pulses of the baby will be sensed by
continuously sense the surrounding Temperature and the heart beat sensor every 60 seconds and the
Heart Beat sensor sense the Heart Rate, this both number of pulses per 60 seconds will be displayed on
sensor sent their data towards the controller using the website. The temperature sensor will sense the
different Protocols. Controller takes this data and temperature of the body of baby and if the
sends it to Web Based GUI through Wireless temperature of the room is greater than 36.9 degree
Network. Web Based GUI displays the real-time data Celsius or if the temperature falls below the specified
of temperature and Heart rate, and also provides temperature then the indication will be given on the
option to site the Max Temp of baby incubator website as well as the buzzer will start ringing. The
System [8]. buzzer has a major advantage that in a neonatal
station where there are number of incubators it is easy for
IV.PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION the doctors to identify which incubator is having the change
in temperature[12].

We are using Arduino UNO as a controller. It is a

user development board. Temperature sensor
continuously monitors the temperature and stores the
data and also the heart beat sensor counts the pulses
and stores it and then sends it to the WIFI module.
The temperature sensor being used is DS18B20. It
requires a power supply of 3V to 5.5V. It can convert
12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 Ms. It can
be powered from data line. Pin no.:2: DQ (input
current) is connected to pin no:6 of Arduino. Pin 3 is
connected to vcc and pin no:1 to GND. The heart beat
monitor used is HT-BPM. Pin no.:3 is connected to
vcc, pin no.: 1 is connected to GND and pin no.: 2
DQ is connected to pin no.: 9 of Arduino. It has high
signal to noise ratio. The WIFI module ESP8826 is
used. Pin no.: 1 is connected to GND, pin no.:2 is
connected to VCC, pin no.:35 which is TXD0 is
connected to pin no.:4 of Arduino. Pin no.: 34 which
RX0 is connected to pin no.:2 of Arduino. It is an
integrated low power 32-bit MCU. It operates at a
frequency of 2.4 GHZ. When the data will be sent to
the Wi-Fi module. The WIFI module will call to
server. The server will be called according to the
program in the software. At the server the data will be
continuously updated. Server will give the command
to the buzzer and the bulb. We can use system
generated buzzer. The bulb is used for heating
purpose. IR sensor will continuously send the signal.
Then the signals will be reflected and will be counted
as the number of pulses and will be sent to the
Arduino. Internal power supply of 5V ,100 mA
current provided by the Arduino is not sufficient to
control all the sensors. We are using an adapter for
power regulator which is used for data acquisition as
all the power is absorbed in it. It cannot properly
trigger the buzzer. So, we are using a transistor for

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2018)
IEEE Conference Record # 42487; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-0965-1

achieved by creating android based app which will be

showing real time data of their baby [7].

VI.CONCLUSION

In this research, we have proposed intelligent infant

incubator to attain monitoring and controlling of
environment in the infant incubator. This project is
useful for rural areas. This equipment can also be
used in small health care systems. This project is
simple and efficient in maintaining the temperature of
the room and the chamber. [10].It will be the
guidance for the people who are seeking to make the
infant incubators.

VII.REFERENCES

1. M.Suruthi,S.Suma “Microcontroller Based

Baby Incubator Using Sensors”,International Journal
of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology. IJIRSET,Vol. 4, Issue 12, December
2015,
2. Tianshun Huang and Leiming Sun, “Design
and Implementation of the Infant Incubator Intelligent
Control System Based on Internet of Things”, The
open Automation and control systems journal, 2015.

3. Agustin Soto Otalora, Carlos Andres

Quintero Molano and Oscar Muricio Losada
Tovar, “Design and implementation of a prototype for
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controller”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and
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4. Jasmin velagic, Nedim Osmic, Kemal
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5. N.A.A Hadi, M.H. C Hasan, NMZ Hashim,
The baby incubator can be more effective and better
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if the number of sensors is increased. This will
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A signal transmission can be attached to the baby 6. Hittu Mittal, Lini Mattew, Ashish Gupta,
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android application. Arnout, El.Majzoub and A.J. Zaylaa, “Advanced
We can use this WIFI technique if parents want to portable preterm baby incubator”, 2017 Fourth
have a look at their babies from work. It can be easily

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 Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2018)
IEEE Conference Record # 42487; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-0965-1

Internatinal Conference on Advances in Biomedical International Journal & magazine of engineering

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IEEE Conference Record # 42487; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-0965-1

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