BA Training 11

BUSINESS ANALYST TRAINING
Feb - 2014
DAY 10
Requirements Modeling via Use Cases
 Modeling
 Benefits
 Concepts
 Symbols
 Process
 Project Management
USE CASE MODELING
User Center Development – A process of developing a
system based on understanding the needs of the Project
Stakeholders and the reasons why the system should be
developed.
Use Case Modeling – The process of modeling a system’s

function in terms of business events, who initiated them
and how the system will respond to those event.
 Use Case – An Object Oriented Modeling Approach

 Compliments Traditional Modeling Tools
 Effectively Communicated
 Easily Understandable & Maintainable
 Easily Verified & Validated
BENEFITS OF USE CASE MODELING
 Provides tool for capturing functional requirements.
 Helps in decomposing system into manageable sub-
systems.
 Provides a means of communication with concerned
Users / Stakeholders, in the language which they can
understand.
 Provides means of Identifying, Assigning, Tracking,
Controlling, & Managing system development
activities.
 Provides basis for Estimating Project Scope, Efforts, &
Schedule.
 Test Plans, Text Cases, Baseline for Documentation,
Requirements Traceability, Helps in creating DB & UI,
Project Management.
CONCEPTS FOR USE CASE MODELING
 Use Case – A behavioral related sequence of
scenarios / steps, both automated and manual,
for the purpose of completing a single business
task / process.
 Use Case Diagram – A diagram that depicts the

interaction between the users, internal system
and other external systems.
 Use Case Narration – A textual description of the

business event and how the user will interact
with the system to accomplish the task / process.
7-6
BASIC USE CASE SYMBOLS
 Use Case – A subset of the overall system
functionality.
 Actor – Anyone or Anything that is interacting

with the system to exchange information.
 Human
 Organization
 External System
 External Device
 Time as Trigger
TYPE OF ACTORS
 Primary Business Actor
 Stakeholder who is primarily benefits from the execution of
use case.
 Primary System Actor

 Stakeholder that directly interfaces with the system to
initiate / trigger the business / system event.
 External Server Actor

 Stakeholder that responds to a request from the use case.
 External Receiver Actor

 Stakeholder that is not the primary actor but receives
something of value from the use case.
USE CASE ASSOCIATION RELATIONSHIP
 Use Case Association – A relationship between and
actor and use case in which an interaction occurs
between them.
 Association With Arrow – User Initiated Use Case
 Association Without Arrow – Receiver Actor
 Association may be Uni / Bi - Directional
EXTENDS RELATIONSHIP IN USE CASES
 Extension Use Case – Use Case consisting of
steps extracted from another Use Cases to
simplify the original one.
 Extends the functionality of original one.
 Generally not identified in requirements phase.
 EXTENDS relationship represented as arrow
beginning at the extension use case and pointing to
use case it is extending.
DEPENDS ON RELATIONSHIP IN USE CASES
 Depends On – Use case relationship that specifies
which other use cases must be performed before the
current use case, which ultimately helps in Sequence
Determination.
INCLUDES RELATIONSHIP IN USE CASES
 Abstract Use Case – Use case that reduces redundancy
in two or more other use cases by combining common
steps found in both.
 Relationship between Abstract Use Case and Use Case that
includes / uses, it is called Includes / Uses Relationship.
INHERITANCE RELATIONSHIP IN USE CASES
 Inheritance – A use case relationship in which the
common behavior of two actors initiating the same use
case is shown and assigned to a new Abstract Actor to
reduce redundancy.
 Other actors can inherit the interaction of the Abstract
Actor.
PROCESS OF REQUIREMENTS USE CASE MODELING
 Objective is to elicit and analyze enough requirements
information to prepare a model that:
 Communicates what is required from a user perspective.
 Is free of specific details about how system will be
implemented.
 To effectively estimate and schedule project, may need

to include preliminary implementation assumptions.
Steps
 Identify Business Actors.
 Identify Business Use Cases.
 Construct Use-Case Model Diagram.
 Documents Business Requirements Use-Case Narratives.
1 – IDENTIFY BUSINESS ACTORS
 For identifying actors:
 Who or what provides inputs to the system?
 Who or what receives outputs from the system?
 Are interfaces required to other systems?
 Are there events that are automatically triggered at a
predetermined time?
 Who will maintain information in the system?
 Actors should be named with a Noun or Noun

Phrase
 Visitor
 Subscriber
 Administrator
 Distribution Center
 Time
2 – IDENTIFY BUSINESS USE CASES
 Business Requirements Use Case - a use case
created during requirements analysis to capture
the interactions between a user and the system
free of technology and implementation details.
 During requirements analysis, strive to identify

and document only the most critical, complex,
and important use cases, often called Essential
Use Cases.
2 – IDENTIFY BUSINESS USE CASES
 For identifying the use cases
 What are the main tasks of the actor?
 What information does the actor need from the
system?
 What information does the actor provide to the
system?
 Does the system need to inform the actor of any
changes or events that have occurred?
 Does the actor need to inform the system of any
changes or events that have occurred?
 Usecases should be named with a verb

phrase specifying the goal of the actor;
 Create Registered User
 Submit Subscription Order
 Fetch Report Details
3 – USE CASE CONSTRUCTION
4 – DOCUMENT BUSINESS USE CASE NARRATION
 Document first at high level to quickly obtain an
understanding of the events and magnitude of
the system.
 Then expand to a fully-documented business

requirement narrative.
 Include the use case’s typical course of events

and its alternate courses.
A HIGH LEVEL USE CASE NARRATION
EXPANDED USE CASE NARRATION - 1
USE CASES & PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Project Management can be done on Use Case Model.
 Project Manager / System Analysts provides Estimates

& Schedules on the basis of Use Cases.
 Build Cycles are created on the basis of importance of

use cases and time it takes to implement the use case.
 To determine importance of use case, one has to create:

 Use Case Ranking & Evaluation Matrix
 Use Case Dependency Diagram
 Use Case Points Based Estimation

USE CASE RANKING & PRIORITY MATRIX
 Use Case Ranking & Priority Matrix – A tool used to
evaluate use cases and to determine their priorities.
 Evaluation Criteria:
1. Significant impact on the architectural design.
2. Easy to implement but contains significant functionality.
3. Includes risky, time-critical, or complex functions.
4. Involves significant research or new or risky technology.
5. Includes primary business functions.
6. Will increase revenue or decrease costs.

USE CASE RANKING & PRIORITY MATRIX
USE CASE DEPENDENCY DIAGRAM
Use-case dependency diagram – graphical depiction of
the dependencies among use cases.
 Benefits of Use Case Dependency Diagram:
 Graphical representation of system’s events and their

states.
 It also enhances understanding of system functionality.
 Helps in identification of missing use cases.
 Helps in facilitating Project Management by representing

which use cases are more critical.
USE CASE DEPENDENCY DIAGRAM
USE CASE POINTS BASED ESTIMATION
 Actors Classification
 Actor Type
 Weightage
 Use Case Classification

 Use Case Type
 No. of Transactions
 Weighting Factor
 Technical Factors Classification

 Easy to Install, Third Party Access, Reusable Code, Security,
Portability, Complex Processing, etc…
 Environmental Factors Classification
 Application Experience, Motivation, Requirements Stability,
Technical Capability, End User Engagement, etc…
Actors Classification Use Case Classification
Unadjusted Actor Weights - UAW

Unadjusted Use Case Weights – UUCW
Unadjusted Use Case Points – UUCP = UAW + UUCW
Technical Factors Classification Environmental Factors Classification
TCF = 0.6 + (0.01 x TFactor)

EF = 1.4 + (-0.03 x EFactor)
Adjusted Use Case Point = UUCP x TCF x EF

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BUSINESS ANALYST TRAINING

Use Case Modeling – The process of modeling a system’s

 Use Case – An Object Oriented Modeling Approach

 Use Case Diagram – A diagram that depicts the

 Use Case Narration – A textual description of the

 Actor – Anyone or Anything that is interacting

 Primary System Actor

 External Server Actor

 External Receiver Actor

 To effectively estimate and schedule project, may need

 Actors should be named with a Noun or Noun

 During requirements analysis, strive to identify

 Usecases should be named with a verb

 Then expand to a fully-documented business

 Include the use case’s typical course of events

 Project Manager / System Analysts provides Estimates

 Build Cycles are created on the basis of importance of

 To determine importance of use case, one has to create:

 Use Case Points Based Estimation

2. Easy to implement but contains significant functionality.

3. Includes risky, time-critical, or complex functions.

4. Involves significant research or new or risky technology.

5. Includes primary business functions.

6. Will increase revenue or decrease costs.

 Benefits of Use Case Dependency Diagram:

 Graphical representation of system’s events and their

 It also enhances understanding of system functionality.

 Helps in identification of missing use cases.

 Helps in facilitating Project Management by representing

 Use Case Classification

 Technical Factors Classification

Unadjusted Actor Weights - UAW

Technical Factors Classification Environmental Factors Classification

TCF = 0.6 + (0.01 x TFactor)

Adjusted Use Case Point = UUCP x TCF x EF

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