Mathematics

Matrix

A rectangular numbers arranged in rows columns

array of
enclosed between round or square bracket is known as matrix
Fig

E
A B a
2

Order
of matrices
Order Row Column
Read as row
by column

1 2 3 1
a B
a s e
2 3 2 2
3 2

1
Types of matrices
2 Matrix multiplication
3 Properties of matrices
4 Determinant
of matrices
of matrix
5 Transpose

6 Inverse matrix its properties

of
7 Cramer's Rule
 Types of matrix

1 Row matrix having only one row

1 2 372 t 2 5
3 1 2 2 1

2 Column matrix having only one column

2 511 2

rows columns
3 Square matrix having equal no
of

k 19 1 2

rows column
4
Rectangular matrix having different
no
of
8
L 2 3 16 7 2 3
4 5 6
2 3

elements as zero
square matrin having
non diagonal
5 Diagonal matrix
opleft

1 C
4 3 3
Fight
Maindiagonal
Principaldiagonal Leading diagonal
 6 Scalar Matrix diagonal matrix having diagonal element same

E
elementas I
7 Unit or Identity Matrix Diagonal matrix having diagonal

1 0 0 1

all element as zero

8 Null or zero matrix Square rectangular having

1 1

8 Triangular matrix

i Upper triangular matrix

elements below diagonal are zero
Square matrix having all

aij 0
for i j
ALL 912 913
921 922 923

f I 6
931 932 933
 L
i row column
A
j j
ii lower Triangular matrix
matrix having all elements above diagonal are zero
square
a
j
O for icj

I.sk ii a tg aii aiiora i

5 2
42 2 6
2 6 3

10 Skew Symmetric Matrix

Square matrix a 0 aij Aji

02
2 0 5 0 3

6 3 0

t 0 0
The matrix o I o is

0 0 I
a Diagonal matrix b Scalar matrix
c
Identity matrix fall
 Matrix Multiplication

1
If a 2 3 matrix is multiplied with 3 3 matrix then
result will be
a 2 3 matrix b 3 3 matrix
c 2 2 matrix d 3 2 matrix

Cmap
Ancffy

Two matrices be multiplied when column of 1ˢᵗ matrix

can

of 2ⁿᵈ matrix of the order of

is equal to row new matrix

will be row of 1ˢᵗ matrix column

of 2ⁿᵈ matrin

1 1 2 2 B
3 2 8 If A T's
C Whish istrue
1 12 0 0

a AB BA
AB C
b A BC
C A A A

L b d ACB c ATB
 addition
Properties of matrix
commutative
i ATB BTA
ii AB C At c associative

A 0 A A existence of identity
iii
existence additive inverse
iv A C A 0 of matrices
addition
KA KB scalar multiplication distributes of
v K ATB
stalar

of matrix multiplication If ACB AB AC

Properties e

which property is it
i AB BA not commutative
ii AI IA A multiplicative identity a
associative b
iii A BC AB C
AB AC distributiveproperty
iv ACB c
v AA A

it m Iiit aaedidempotentifA A

T.ggLTmat iti alledinvolutaryifA Ior A A

1
Singleton matrix
one element
Having only
5 2 6 2 1
µ 2 1
 A AYA
7 Transpose
of matrix

If A then Transpose of A

1 2 3
78 5 6
2 A then A 4
If 7 8 9

Note
i A A
ii A B A Bt
iii AB B'At
Matrin
iv A A _Symmetric
v A At Skew Symmetric

matrix
of the following
1 Which is skew symmetric
a A A A A c A _A d A At

Determinant

If A then

Determinant 4 6 21
of A A 13 1 4 2 3

A1 0 then A is known as singular matrix

a non singular matrix
A 0 then A is
in
i If
 Empanding method

I
1 5 6
3
1 2 2 Sarrus rule
Expandingmethod

51 61
1 0 6 5 8 3 6 80

6 5 5 6 8
6 25 48
6
92 3141 21

SarrusRI
1
g h i
1 5 6
4 0 3
a b c a b
1 2 2
d
d e

g
hÉiXg n
1 5 1 5

y X Xy o aei bfg edh geethtatidb

ataxia
0 15 48 0 6 40

63 46
171
 Inverse a matrix
of
Multiplicative inverse of matrix A At
afmposeofffgrmatrin
IA t afadjoint.tn
y
A 9 Adjof A

A doesn't exist

singular matrix

singular matrix IAI

0
Invertible matrix non

t
1
If A find A

A adj of A 2 12 I I L

A B then AB
2
2
If
1
a A B
I
LA c A IB d AB

Properties
of Inverse
of matrix
1
i A A
ii A A 1

iii AA't A1A I

t
iv AB B At
 3
If A find A

C
we know

A A

A LAY adf.at E 9 2 1

t.fi II system of linear equation

7 4
may
39 72 5 a D 1
y

coeffid coeffff constant

3 7 5

3
D
2
7 6 13 2 75 73
7
D 2
y 43
D or
In I 49 10 39

1
I
D2 or Dy
5 21 26
2 Solve
2
In 3
4
4
2 121 12 lofty 2

1,10 b 6,10 c 4 67 d 10,47

coeffitte ftp.tt mgff

4 10 2

D 30 8 22

DrorDa 1kg 0 2 2 192 4

9
4
Door Dy 1 6
1

on 2
42 on
Ig 5 2 22

10
in Up y

3 How
many
solution does the equations 32
2 5 6 have
29 10
a Unique solution b No solution f Infinite solution d None
 F is
of linear
4 The system equations 3 5 nty
4
Consistent Independent b Inconsistent Independent
c Consistent Dependent d Inconsistent dependent
Consistent Min 431 intersection point 5 1 urgent
Independent Man 237 intersection point get
A System
of linear Equations

32 y
5
1 Case
I intersecting lines

32
y 5 111 sexy 7

nty 7
r 13,4
solving 111 C2
3 Y 41

Unique solution

Consistent Independent
C
A H BY
Azn Bay C2

2 CaseI parallel lines

2 BE
x
y 2 a 8 2
x
y 5
5 7
No solution a y
Incosistent Independent

3
II
Case coincident lines In 2
on 29
32 5
y
6N 24 10
3m y's
Infinite solution
Consistent Dependent
5 A
If I
AX
I find

at I I
I I A
1
A adj of A I I f 3 I
5m

ix A b I E

6 The simplified since

form of casef Is find 98 is

1 I
coto send a sino sind coso

cos20 sina.cat sin

Sind cos0

Potato 0
sink who

I
0 I 11
7 A then A A A A is
If
c d none
3
KIA B KA KB
ATA A AT

EATEN A EAT
A

21
All
8 A then find
If A

d none
1 1
Note I I

9
If A then A

a 5A b 20A FIGA d 32A

A 5
A 2
25 15
32 1
A 21
321
 16
21
161
16All

a
10 Find the determinant of
1 1
L
b
c
boy
ac

ab

a b b c e a b b a c b a e

c a c bc b a d a b ed c a

bc c a
a b

1 a bc 1 a ab ac b bc c al
e b ac.TL
1 cTab

ab ok be b c acetal
ab alc be b c at a b

b bet abc act a c b c ab

abc a

able a be c a ac c a b2 c a

C a abebe ac b2

C a ab ac b bc

Ce a a b c b b c

Ca b c a b
A L
A adi FA
I
 EAA.I
AA

AB BA T
AB I

1 1

2n 5 1
or 2N 6
N 311
 87
1 2
HE
991
2 74
1 2

19ij
a

912 1
1
92 2
922 2
 4

Additive inverse matrix A A A CA 0

of 1
Multiplicative i n A At AA 1

a
E
 t t
0 6 6 12 0 2 2 4 4 0
L
 I

Amano B Cmap
p

JMinorsfcof.to
Adjointof3 3matrin

Cofactor matrix
Adjoint Transpose of

A Adjoint of A
cofactors

t
pinnon
Are f 1 1 3 4
Cofactor of as

11 1 1 2 3 5
An Cofactor of 92

An 47 1 21 1
Cofactor of 93
it 2
As Cofactor
of 92 C1
it 11 1 1

Apr Cofactor
of 922 00

Azs Cofactor of 923 2

As Cofactor
of as 2

Az Cofactor 932 5
of

As 933 3
Cofactor
of
An Air As
matrin
i Cofactor Aa Aa Ar 22 33
Az Azz A33

i Adjoint Transpose of cofactor matrix

If f
A adj of A

sarr Inpanding