Esia Report For For Kotido Main Market

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PROJECT BRIEF FOR THE PROPOSED
KOTIDO MAIN MARKET UNDER MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE

IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME –PROJECT 3 (MATIP-3)
LOCATED ON PLOT 2-6 & 8-14 ALONG LODON ROAD, ACHOLLI INN CELL L.C.1,
CENTRAL DIVISION, JIE COUNTY, KOTIDO MUNICIPALITY, KOTIDO DISTRICT.
SUBMITTED BY:
MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
MAY, 2023
Environmental Project Brief (PB) for the Proposed Kotido Main Market
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the undersigned, hereby declare that this ESMF Report represents the facts pertaining to the Proposed
Kotido Main Market under Markets and Agricultural Trade Improvement Programme –Project 3
(MATIP-III)
ON BEHALF OF MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT:
Sign: ___________________ ___________________
Dated: _____________23rd May 2023_____________________________
DETAILS OF EXPERTS WHO CONDUCTED THE ESMF
De-Zyn Forum Ltd.
Sign: _____________ ___________________________
Dated: __________________23.05.2023_______________________ ____

THE CONSULTANCY TEAM

The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment was undertaken by the following team of
Environmental Experts on behalf of the developer.
Name and Expertise Signature
Muhumuza Moses Mugimba -Team Leader (Registered and

Certified Environmental Impact Assessor)
Peter Isamat – Sociologist (Registered and Certified Environmental

Impact Assessor)
Agaba Derrick- Occupational Health and Safety / Waste

Management Specialist (Registered and Certified Environmental
Impact Assessor)
Other Contributing Experts
Pearl Katwesigye – Sociologist

Nkurunzinza Frederick – Msc. Environmental Management
Nagasha Christine- Environmentalist
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................................................................
THE CONSULTANCY TEAM ............................................................................................................... i
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................. viii
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ ix
LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................................. ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... x
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Project Categorization ............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Scope of the study ................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Geographical location .............................................................................................................. 3
1.6 Project Cost ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.7 ESIA Process in Uganda ......................................................................................................... 3
1.8 Structure of the Environmental Project Brief .......................................................................... 5
2 METHODOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING THE STUDY ....................................................... 6
2.1.1 Approaches .............................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Environmental screening ......................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Stakeholder Consultations ....................................................................................................... 6
2.1.4 Desk Study/ Literature review ................................................................................................. 6
2.1.5 Field Survey ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.6 Noise and air quality assessment ............................................................................................. 7
2.1.7 Socio-Economic Assessment................................................................................................... 7
2.1.8 Impact Identification and Analysis.......................................................................................... 7
3 POLICY, LEGAL, REGULATORY, AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............... 10
3.1 Policy Framework ............................................................................................................... 10
3.1.1 The National Environment Management Policy, 1994 ......................................................... 10
3.1.2 The National Water Policy, 1999 .......................................................................................... 10
3.1.3 The National Gender Policy, 1997 ........................................................................................ 11
3.1.4 The Wildlife Policy, 2014 ..................................................................................................... 11
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3.1.5 The National Land Use Policy, 2007 .................................................................................... 11

3.1.6 The HIV and AIDS Work Place Policy 2007 ........................................................................ 11
3.1.7 The Child Labour Policy, 2006 ............................................................................................. 12
3.1.8 The Disaster Preparedness and Management Policy, 1999 ................................................... 12
3.1.9 The Uganda National Culture Policy, 2006 .......................................................................... 12
3.1.10 The National Policy on Elimination of Gender Based Violence, 2016 ................................. 12
3.2. Legal Framework ..................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 as Amended .......................................... 13
3.2.2 The National Environment Act, 2019 ................................................................................... 13
3.2.3 The Local Governments Act (Cap 243) ................................................................................ 14
3.2.4 The Water Act Cap. 152 ........................................................................................................ 14
3.2.5 The Public Health Act, Cap. 269 ........................................................................................... 15
3.2.6 The Workers Compensation Act Cap 225 (Formerly known as The Workers Compensation
Act No 8, 2000) ..................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.7 The Physical Planning Act 2011 ........................................................................................... 16
3.2.8 Land Act, Cap. 227 ................................................................................................................ 16
3.2.9 The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006 .................................................................... 17
3.2.10 The Employment Act, Cap 219 ............................................................................................. 17
3.2.11 The Traffic and Road Safety Act 1998.................................................................................. 18
3.2.12 The Land Acquisition Act Cap 226 ....................................................................................... 18
3.2.13 The Uganda Citizenship and Immigration Control Act, Cap 66 ........................................... 18
3.2.14 The Public Holidays Act, 1965 ............................................................................................. 19
3.3. Regulatory Framework ............................................................................................................ 19
3.3.1 The National Environment (Environmental and Social Assessment) Regulations, 2020 ..... 19
3.3.2 The National Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent into Water or on Land)
Regulations, 2020 .................................................................................................................................. 19
3.3.3 The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020................................... 20
3.3.4 The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003 .................... 21
3.3.5 The Draft National Air Quality Standards, 2006................................................................... 21
3.3.6 The National Environment (Control of Smoking in Public Places) Regulations, 2004 ......... 22
3.3.7 The National Environment (Audit) Regulations 2020 .......................................................... 22
3.4. Institutional Framework .......................................................................................................... 22
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3.4.1 National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)...................................................... 22

3.4.2 Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MGLSD) ......................................... 23
3.4.3 Local Administration Structures ........................................................................................... 23
3.4.4 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) ...................................... 24
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 25
4.1 Project Components ............................................................................................................ 25
4.2 Project Activities .................................................................................................................. 25
4.2.1 Construction Phase ................................................................................................................ 25
i. Site clearing, demolition of existing structures, excavations and levelling .......................... 25
ii. Compaction works ................................................................................................................. 25
iii. Materials transportation ......................................................................................................... 25
iv. Concrete works ...................................................................................................................... 25
v. Earthing and lightning protection .......................................................................................... 25
vi. Fencing .................................................................................................................................. 26
vii. Sanitary facilities and associated sewer systems ................................................................... 26
4.2.2 Operations Phase ................................................................................................................... 26
i. Emergency/safety support systems........................................................................................ 26
ii. Energy use and supply ........................................................................................................... 26
iii. Water and sanitation .............................................................................................................. 26
iv. Air ventilation........................................................................................................................ 27
v. Landscape and visual impact ................................................................................................. 27
vi. Security .................................................................................................................................. 27
vii. Solid and liquid waste management ...................................................................................... 27
viii. Health and Safety provisions ................................................................................................. 27
ix. Adhering to COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures ...................................................... 28
4.2.3 Decommissioning and Rehabilitation.................................................................................... 28
5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE . 30
5.1 Project location and neighbourhood.................................................................................. 30
5.2 Biophysical Environment.................................................................................................... 33
5.2.1 Soils ....................................................................................................................................... 33
5.2.2 Topography ........................................................................................................................... 33
5.2.3 Vegetation cover.................................................................................................................... 33
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5.2.4 Fauna ..................................................................................................................................... 34

5.2.5 Climate .................................................................................................................................. 34
5.2.6 Ambient air quality assessment ............................................................................................. 34
5.3 Socio-Economic Environment ............................................................................................ 36
5.3.1 Population and demography .................................................................................................. 36
5.3.2 Land Tenure........................................................................................................................... 37
5.3.3 Existing Utilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................... 37
6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ..................................................................................... 38
6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 38
6.2 Objectives of stakeholder engagement .............................................................................. 38
6.3 Stakeholder Identification .................................................................................................. 38
6.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism .......................................................................................... 47
7 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................................................................... 50
7.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 50
7.2 The proposed project option .............................................................................................. 50
7.3 The “No Project” Alternative ............................................................................................. 50
7.4 Project Location Alternatives ............................................................................................. 50
7.5 Incremental alternatives ..................................................................................................... 51
7.6 Timing and duration of construction works alternatives ................................................ 51
7.7 Sourcing of supplies and construction materials alternatives ......................................... 51
7.8 Waste management alternatives ........................................................................................ 52
8 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................... 53
8.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 53
8.2 Positive impacts during project implementation .............................................................. 53
8.2.1 Creation of employment opportunities ................................................................ 53
8.2.2 Provision market for local products ..................................................................... 53
8.2.3 Increased local revenue.......................................................................................... 54
8.2.4 Increased aesthetic value of the area .................................................................... 55
8.2.5 Improved development in the area ....................................................................... 55
8.3 Negative impacts during the construction phase .............................................................. 56
8.3.1 Loss of vegetation ................................................................................................... 56
8.3.2 Noise Pollution ........................................................................................................ 56
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8.3.3 Traffic Disturbance ................................................................................................ 57

8.3.4 Human Waste Disposal Impacts ........................................................................... 58
8.3.5 Fire risks ................................................................................................................. 59
8.3.6 Dust and air emissions ........................................................................................... 60
8.3.7 Solid waste generation ........................................................................................... 61
8.3.8 Soil erosion .............................................................................................................. 62
8.3.9 Pollution of soil, surface water and ground water .............................................. 62
8.3.10 Accidents ................................................................................................................. 63
8.3.11 Social impacts ......................................................................................................... 64
8.4 Negative impacts during the operation phase ................................................................... 67
8.4.1 Dust and gaseous emissions ................................................................................... 67
8.4.2 Noise emissions ....................................................................................................... 68
8.4.3 Poor Sanitation at the Market .............................................................................. 69
8.4.4 Pollution of soil, surface water and ground water .............................................. 69
8.4.5 Health and safety of vendors and community ..................................................... 70
8.4.6 Fire outbreaks ........................................................................................................ 71
8.4.7 Social impacts ......................................................................................................... 71
8.5 Impacts associated with decommissioning ........................................................................ 73
8.5.1 Decommissioning waste ......................................................................................... 73
8.5.2 Accidents to the demolition workers .................................................................... 74
8.5.3 Noise due to demolition of structures and disassembling of machinery ........... 74
8.5.4 Dust impacts ........................................................................................................... 75
8.5.5 Unemployment ....................................................................................................... 75
9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ............................ 80
9.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 80
9.2 The Monitoring Plan ........................................................................................................... 80
9.3 Roles and Responsibilities................................................................................................... 80
9.3.1 The Role of NEMA and Lead Agencies ............................................................................... 81
9.3.2 The Role of Kotido Municipality .......................................................................................... 81
9.3.3 The Role of the contractor ..................................................................................................... 81
9.3.4 The Monitoring Team ........................................................................................................... 81
9.3.5 Capacity to Implement ESMP ............................................................................................... 81
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10 TENTATIVE DECOMMISSIONING AND RESTORATION PLAN ................................ 97

10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 97
10.2 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 97
10.3 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 97
10.4 Scope of Decommissioning and Restoration Plan................................................................. 97
10.5 Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Activities ................................................................... 98
10.5.1 Demolition Works ................................................................................................................. 98
10.5.2 Dismantling of Equipment and Structures ............................................................................ 98
10.5.3 Restoration of the proposed Market Site ............................................................................... 98
10.5.4 General Re-vegetation Process .............................................................................................. 99
10.6 Managing excess materials and waste during decommissioning ........................................ 100
11 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 105
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 106
APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................... 107
Appendix I: Proof of Land Ownership ................................................................................................ 107
Appendix II: Record of Stakeholder Engagement ............................................................................... 109
Appendix VI: Bills of Quantities ......................................................................................................... 157
Appendix VII: Site layout plans .......................................................................................................... 155
Appendix V: Map showing plots to be used for the proposed market ................................................ 161
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

PB Project Brief
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
C-ESMP Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan
GBV Gender Based Violence
GOU Government of Uganda
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
LC Local Council
E Easting
N Northing
GPS Global Positioning System
MGLSD Ministry of Gender, Labor and Social Development
NEMA National Environment Management Authority
NWSC National Water and Sewerage Corporation
OSHD Occupational Safety and Health Department
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics
MATIP Markets and Agricultural Trade Improvement Programme
MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
SOPs Standard Operating Procedures
STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: ESIA Process in Uganda......................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2: Location Google Map showing the proposed Site .............................................................................. 31
Figure 3: Air quality assessment at Kotido Main Market ................................................................................. 35
Figure 4: Noise measurement at Kotido Main Market ...................................................................................... 36
Figure 5: Photographic representation of Stakeholder engagement with the local government and market
representatives. ...................................................................................................................................................... 39
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1:National discharge standards for selected pollutants........................................................................... 20
Table 2: Regulatory noise limits (Uganda) .......................................................................................................... 21
Table 3: Regulatory air quality standards for selected pollutants .................................................................... 21
Table 4: Air quality assessment results ............................................................................................................... 34
Table 5: Noise measurements at Kotido Main Market ...................................................................................... 35
Table 6:Shows the population of Kotido by Sub-County and sex for 2014...................................................... 36
Table 7: Public Consultations during the study ................................................................................................. 40
Table 8: Impact Matrix for the proposed upgrade and expansion of the proposed Market .......................... 77
Table 9:Environmental and Social Management Plan for the anticipated impacts ............................................ 83
Table 10: Management of Excess Materials and Waste .................................................................................. 100
Table 11:Proposed Mitigation and Monitoring Measures for the Negative Environmental and Social
Impacts during Decommissioning and Rehabilitation ..................................................................................... 101
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Overview of the project
The Government of Uganda has received financing from the African Development Bank in the form
of a loan towards implementing the Markets and Agricultural Trade Improvement Programme –
Project 3 (MATIP-3). The Ministry of Local Government, the executing agency intends to apply a
portion of this loan towards construction of Kotido Main Market in Kotido Municipality. The
specific objective is to improve marketplace economic and social infrastructure including
incremental production and marketing of agricultural commodities, enhancing the incomes of
vendors, reducing post-harvest losses, increasing employment and customer satisfaction.
It is a requirement under The National Environment Act, 2019 that Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment (ESIA) is conducted for projects with likely significant environmental and social
impacts. This is done so that adverse impacts anticipated from the proposed project are eliminated
or mitigated.
The activities of the proposed construction of Kotido Main Market will result in significant
environmental impacts, particularly during site preparation, construction and operation phases in
case mitigation measures are not put in place. The impacts include loss of vegetation, occupational
safety and health issues, air and noise pollution, waste generation, traffic accidents, and water
pollution among others. Therefore, to ensure that the activities of the proposed market are in
conformity with the environmental and legal requirements, which provide for Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) to be carried out before such developments commence, the
developer commissioned this ESIA to assess any likely potential environmental and social impacts
associated with the project activities, with the principle objective of addressing all environmental
implications of the proposed project.
The ESIA team identified and described project alternatives, which were examined during the
development of the project proposal and design of the layout. These are the “no project” alternative,
project location alternatives, incremental alternatives, timing and duration of construction, sourcing
of supplies and construction materials alternatives and waste management alternatives. The
alternatives are compared in terms of potential environmental impacts and suitability under local
conditions. The evaluation confirmed the construction of the market as the most viable.
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Description of the project site

Kotido Main Market is located at Plot 2-6 and Plot 8-14, along Lodon Road, Acholli Inn Cell L.C.1,
Central Division, Jie County, Kotido Municipality, Kotido District at GPS Coordinates A)
3°0'18.41"N 34°6'44.32"E, B) 3°0'19.63"N 34°6'46.07"E, C) 3°0'18.02"N 34°6'47.32"E, D)
3°0'18.86"N 34°6'49.05"E, E) 3°0'17.49"N 34°6'50.42"E, F) 3°0'16.25"N 34°6'48.36"E, G)
3°0'15.06"N 34°6'46.22"E. The site is located within in a built-up environment with no immediate
fragile ecosystems. It is accessed by Market view lane from the West, Lodon road from the South,
Abim crescent (Labwor road) from the North and Market Lane from the East. The location makes it
very strategic and convenient for vendors, the community and business as a whole. The project area
drains towards the Southern direction. The natural environment has been greatly modified due to
infrastructure development within the project area. Kotido Main Market is located on gently sloping
land with area natural drainage flowing towards the southern direction from the market. The
proposed project is conforming to the existing land use activities which are majorly commercial in
nature.
Institutional and legal framework for implementation of the project

The National Policies, Laws and Regulations that will be triggered by the proposed project are presented
below. These have been discussed in detail and their relevance to the proposed project under chapter 3.
Policies
i) The National Environment Management Policy, 1994
ii) The National Water Policy, 1999
iii) The National Gender Policy, 1997
iv) The Wildlife Policy, 2014
v) The National Land Use Policy, 2007
vi) The HIV and AIDS Work Place Policy 2007
vii) The Child Labour Policy, 2006
viii) The Disaster Preparedness and Management Policy, 1999
ix) The Uganda National Culture Policy, 2006
x) The National Policy on Elimination of Gender Based Violence, 2016
Laws
(i) The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 as Amended
xi
(ii) The National Environment Act, 2019

(iii) The Local Governments Act (Cap 243)
(iv) The Water Act Cap. 152
(v) The Public Health Act, Cap. 269
(vi) The Workers Compensation Act Cap 225 (Formerly known as The Workers Compensation Act
No 8, 2000)
(vii) The Physical Planning Act 2011
(viii) Land Act, Cap. 227
(ix) The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006
(x) The Employment Act, Cap 219
(xi) The Traffic and Road Safety Act 1998
(xii) The Land Acquisition Act Cap 226
(xiii) The Uganda Citizenship and Immigration Control Act, Cap 66
(xiv) The Public Holidays Act, 1965
Regulations
i. The National Environment (Environmental and Social Assessment) Regulations, 2020
ii. The National Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent into Water or on Land)
Regulations, 1999
iii. The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020
iv. The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003
v. The Draft National Air Quality Standards, 2006
vi. The National Environment (Control of Smoking in Public Places) Regulations, 2004
vii. The National Environment (Audit) Regulations 2020
Institutional framework
I. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)
II. Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MGLSD)
III. Local Administration Structures
IV. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF)
xii
Potential environmental and social impacts
The study team identified that the proposed project will have both positive and negative
environmental and social impacts.
The likely positive impacts include;
a. Boosting trade/business,
b. Reduced congestion of vendors on the streets,
c. Value addition for agricultural produce,
d. Improved livelihoods through employment opportunities,
e. Improved scenery of the project area,
f. Creation of market for local goods and services,
g. And increased revenue collection by the municipal council.
The likely negative impacts during the preparation, construction and operation phases include;
a) Influx of population,
b) Displacement and relocation of vendors,
c) Storm water/runoff,
d) Loss of vegetation,
e) Noise pollution,
f) Possibility of fire outbreaks,
g) Pollution of soil and water,
h) Poor waste management,
i) Spread of HIV/AIDS, COVID-19 and other communicable diseases.
j) Traffic disturbance,
k) Air pollution,
l) Social impacts,
m) Occupational safety and health impacts.
Enhancement measures for the positive impacts and mitigation measures for the negative impacts
have been proposed in this report.
Mitigation Measures for negative impacts
(a) Revegetation and landscaping
xiii
(b) Hoarding off the site to restrict unauthorized access

(c) Design and implement a workers’ Code of Conduct
(d) Development of a traffic management plan and use of speed limits
(e) Rain water harvesting and construction of drainage channels
(f) Design and implement a waste management plan - recycling, sorting and disposal
(g) The sites should be reinstated by re-vegetation with local vegetation species
(h) Regular servicing of equipment
(i) Provision of appropriate PPE
(j) Observation of COVID-19 SOPS and other communicable diseases.
(k) HIV Policy- Awareness and sensitization
(l) Implement the Grievance Redress Mechanism
(m) Construction of gender sensitive sanitary facilities which cater for PWDs.
Consultations
Stakeholder engagements were conducted on 21st September 2021 with Kotido Municipal Council
Officials, Market Vendors Association Leaders, Market Vendors, project neighbours and MoLG. A
number of comments were raised but key among them were on provision of adequate drainage systems,
appropriate waste management measures, facilities for PWDs, daycare facilities for children, ample
parking space, security, housekeeping, prior notice before eviction and prioritization of the current market
vendors during stall allocation.
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Environmental and Social Management Plan for the anticipated impacts
Impact Mitigation Measures Monitoring/ Performance Monitoring Responsible Monitoring Deadline for the Cost Estimates
Indicator (s) mechanism and Party Institution completion of
Frequency the measure
PREPARATION PHASE
Displacement Sensitize all PAPs prior to relocation. Presence at the new location Checklists MoLG District Local Throughout 20,000,000 (for
and relocation for the market vendors Government construction monitoring)
of vendors Use the acquired land for construction of Weekly Phase
the proposed Kotido Central Market Presence of a GRM Market Vendors
Committee Association
Institute a committee to handle
grievances on displacement and
relocation of vendors
Resettlement and compensation of

Project-Affected People be carried out in
compliance with Ugandan legislation
and African Development Bank Social
Safeguards.
Influx of Sensitization of the communities about Awareness of the project by Monthly MoLG District Local Throughout 11,500,000
population the project before commencement the communities Government Preparation
Phase
All teams undertaking the pre-Presence of influx

construction surveys should undertake management plan
them at the same time
The developer should develop an influx

management plan to handle population
influx to the project area
Total 31,500,000
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
xv
Soil erosion Ensure landscaping and revegetation Trees and vegetation Field inspections, Contractor District LocalThroughout 12,230,000
with green islands of improved grass and around the site. Monthly Developer Government Construction
ornamental trees on site after Phase
construction. Absence or occurrence of soil
erosion.
Loose soil will be compacted in order to District
make it stable hence reducing soil Evidence of Environment
erosion. functional silt traps. Officer
Installation of adequate drainage

facilities to direct water to the existing L.C.1
drainage system.
Leadership
The cleared areas without structures
should be revegetated to minimize rates
of soil erosion.
Ground clearance works will be restricted

to areas that will be required for
construction.
Loss of Site clearance should be restricted to Revegetated areas; Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 27,800,000
vegetation areas that will be required for Weekly Developer Government Construction
construction. Phase
The area should be reinstated by

District
re-vegetation with local vegetation
species Environment
Officer
xvi
Noise Noise generating construction works will Observation of working Field inspections, Developer District Local Throughout 30,000,000
pollution strictly be carried out during day time times and shifts. Daily Contractor Government Construction
8am – 5pm (during the least noise Phase
sensitive time). Earplugs provided to
workers.
Earplugs will be provided to workers in Health
areas with high noise levels. Well serviced and Inspectors
maintained machinery
There will be regular servicing of all with service
equipment and vehicles to ensure high documents. L.C.1
operation efficiency and less noise and
vibration. Leadership
Traffic Traffic signals and sign boards should be Number of flag Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 13,700,000
disturbance used at the entry and exit points of the wardens in place. Daily Developer Government Construction
construction site. Phase
Occasions of traffic
Flag personnel should be deployed at the congestion.
entrance of the site to alert road users Supervising
about the trucks entering and leaving the Engineer
site.
Project vehicles should move at hours of

low traffic.
Human Waste The developer should ensure that Presence of well- labelled Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 14,500,000
Disposal sanitary facilities are constructed on the toilets at the site. throughout Developer Government Construction
Impacts site. the Phase
Presence of the soap and construction phase.
Regular emptying of sanitary facilities water on site.
should be carried out to avoid overflow Health inspectors
of the waste. Clean toilets at site
The developer should provide hand

washing facilities, with soap and water.
xvii
The toilets should be clearly labeled to

separate those for females and males.
The contractor should put in place

provisions for regular cleaning of toilets
Risk of Fire Firefighting equipment such as fire Presence of the fire- Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 43,800,000
outbreak extinguishers and hydrant systems fighting equipment and PPE Monthly Developer Government Construction
should be provided at strategic locations. on site. Phase
Regular inspection and servicing of the Records of fire

equipment must be undertaken by a outbreaks. Police Fire
reputable service provider and records of Brigade
such inspections maintained. Presence of fire
response plans.
Fire prone behavior should be prohibited
and signage such as “NO SMOKING” Presence of fire
must be prominently displayed within the assembly point.
premises. Presence of
Install security cameras and hire security cameras and security
personnel to prevent access of the site by personnel
arsonists.
The developer should encourage

individual safety by providing adequate
PPE for firefighting.
The fire emergency and response plans

should be developed and implemented.
Fire assembly points should be

designated;
Fire safety training and drills for the

workforce.
xviii
Dust and air Water sprinkling should be done to Complaints from the Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 11,000,000
emissions contain dust emission. community Monthly Developer Government Construction
Phase
The site should be hoarded off. Regular air quality
monitoring results
The speed of the trucks carrying raw Health
materials should be controlled at Workers in PPE Inspectors
30km/hr.
Maintenance schedule of
Provide PPE for workers e.g. nose construction equipment
masks.
Sprinkled ground
Use well-conditioned and serviced
equipment. Presence of speed limit
warning signs
Monitoring of dust emissions, notably
Particulate Matter
(PM10), shall be carried out on a regular

basis.
Solid waste Cut to spoil material should be used to Presence of a construction Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 36,000,000
generation restore the nearby open borrow pits. waste management plan Weekly Developer Government Construction
Phase
Development and Waste bins at the
implementation of a construction and relocation
construction waste management plan site Health
Inspectors
Metallic scrap / offcuts should be Contracted waste handling
periodically collected and sold to scrap company
dealers.
Quantity of waste generated
Sensitization of workers on waste
management.
The waste generated should be collected

by a licensed waste handler.
xix
Waste should be separated according to

type.
Debris/rubble generated from demolition

of the current market structures should be
inspected by relevant authorities to
confirm that they are not harmful to the
environment and then be sold to
interested people
A certified waste collection company

should be hired to collect the demolition
waste for proper disposal at designated
areas
The Municipal Council should contract a

licensed waste handler to manage the
waste generated at the relocation site
Risk of Vehicles ferrying materials to the site Accident Records Weekly Inspection Contractor District Throughout 22,500,000
Accidents should have tarpaulins covering them Developer Construction
and limit their speed to 10km/hr while at Complaints from the Local Phase
the project site. community Government
Road signage should be put in place Presence of a first aid kits

along nearby public roads. Signage communicating Supervising
Site access should be restricted. safety Engineer
Provision of adequate protective gear to Workers in PPE.

all workers.
A fully equipped first aid box should be

in all project vehicles and at the project
site.
Sensitization should be done for the

workers and community.
xx
Soil and water Construction machineries and vehicles Oil spillage Monthly Contractor District Local Throughout 17,000,000
pollution should undergo routine maintenance and Inspection Developer Government Construction
inspections. Soil and water Phase
analysis results Health
A waste management plan should be put Inspectors
in place for management of different Complaints from the
types of waste. community Environment
officer
A spill contingency plan including spill
cleanup equipment should be put in place
and workers in sensitive area should be
trained in their use.
Machinery used during land clearance

and delivery of equipment and personnel
should be in good working condition.
Social impacts Capacity of local authorities should be Number of workers oriented Weekly inspection Contractor District Local Throughout 24,000,000
enhanced to handle challenges associated and sensitized. Developer Government Construction
with migrant and immigrant workers. Phase
Number of community
The developer and contractors should sensitizations conducted.
have grievance redress mechanisms L.C.1
(GRMs). Complaints from the
community and workers. leadership
The contractor should develop and
implement a workers’ code of conduct.
Development and implementation of

security plans should involve local (LC)
leaders and police.
Carrying out health awareness

campaigns.
All workers should be orientated and

sensitized about responsible sexual
xxi
behavior within the Project area

communities
Create awareness and build capacity

within communities, workers, security
agencies.
Conduct annual Environmental and Annually Developer MoLG Throughout 22,480,000

Social Audits Construction (annually)
District Local Phase
Government
Total 275,010,000
OPERATION PHASE
Noise Regular noise assessment should be Noise assessment records Market Developer District Local Throughout 4,500,000
pollution carried out. inspections, Government Operation Phase
Market service providers in Weekly
The electricity generator should be fitted PPE Health
with noise suppressors. Inspectors
Complaints from the
Carry out periodic maintenance of community L.C.1
machinery.
Leadership
Health and The developer should develop and Presence of fully stocked Market Developer District Local Throughout 120,000,000
safety impacts implement a health and safety policy. first aid kits; inspections, Government Operation Phase
Monthly
Vendors and service providers shall be Presence of a sickbay/clinic; Health
given induction trainings. Inspectors
Risk assessments carried
A risk assessment should be conducted to out; Supervising
identify the hazards and mitigate them. engineer
Installed firefighting
equipment;
xxii
The developer shall install firefighting Presence of water harvesting

equipment at the site to curb down any tanks and associated
cases of fire outbreak. facilities like gutters and
pipes.
A fully stocked first aid kit shall be
procured and kept onsite to cater for
emergency injuries before the injured
person can be transported for extensive
medical attention.
A well trained first aider shall be

available at the site.
Water harvesting to for proper sanitary

and health conditions around the market
e.g. hand washing, cleaning.
Human Waste The developer should ensure that Presence of well- labelled Market Developer District Local Throughout 16,000,000
Disposal sanitary facilities are constructed on the toilets at the site. inspections, Government Operation Phase
Impacts site. Monthly
Presence of the soap and Health
Regular emptying of sanitary facilities water on site. Inspectors
should be carried out to avoid overflow
of the waste. Clean sanitary facilities at L.C.1 leadership
the market
The developer should provide hand
washing facilities with soap and water in
the toilets and at the entries of the market.

The developer should put in place

measure to ensure regular cleaning of the
sanitary facilities
xxiii
Fire Firefighting equipment such as fire Number of fire Market Developer District Local Throughout 32,000,000
outbreaks extinguishers and hydrant systems incidents reported inspections, Government Operation Phase
should be provided at strategic locations.
Presence of certified Monthly Police fire
Regular inspection and servicing of the electricians. brigade
equipment must be undertaken by a
reputable service provider and records of Installed firefighting
such inspections maintained. equipment.
Fire prone behavior should be prohibited Presence of fire response

and signage such as “NO SMOKING” plans.
must be prominently displayed within the Presence of fire assembly
premises. point.
Install security cameras and hire security Presence of cameras and
personnel to prevent access of the site by security personnel
arsonists.
.
individual safety by providing adequate
PPE for firefighting.


designated
Dust and air Revegetation should be carried out on all Complaints from the Market Developer District Local Throughout 9,800,000
emissions unpaved surfaces. community; inspections, Government Operation Phase
monthly
Water sprinkling should be done to Regular air quality
contain dust emission. monitoring results;
Health
Regular monitoring of air quality. Market service providers in Inspectors
PPE
All equipment should undergo routine
maintenance.
xxiv
Social impacts Develop and implement an HIV/AIDS Number of vendors oriented Market Developer District Local Throughout 16,500,000
policy. and sensitized. inspections, Government Operation Phase
weekly
The developer should implement Number of community
COVID 19 and Ebola SOPs sensitizations conducted.
Health
Periodic sensitization on STDs and other Complaints from the Inspectors
likely diseases community and vendors.
The developer should implement the Observation of COVID 19

workers code of conduct. and Ebola SOPs L.C.1
Carrying out health awareness leadership

campaigns.

within communities, workers.
Capacity of local authorities should be

enhanced to handle challenges associated
with migrant and immigrant workers.
The developer and contractors should

have GRMs.

communities

Social Audits Operation Phase (annually)
District Local
Government
Total 221,280,000
DECOMISSIONING PHASE
xxv
Noise The site should be hoarded off prior to Noise assessment records. Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 2,900,000
demolition to restrict the noise to the site. Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
Workers in PPE; g Phase
Appropriate ear protection equipment
like ear plugs should be provided to
demolition workers. Health
Inspectors
Demolition should be carried out during
the day at the less noise intensive time.
Decommissi Demolished rubble should be sold to Presence of a licensed waste Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 5,000,000
oning wastes interested people. handling company; Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
g Phase
A certified waste collection firm should Health
be hired to collect the demolition waste Inspectors
for proper disposal to designated areas.
Accidents Demolition workers should be provided Workers in PPE; Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 10,700,000
with protective equipment like Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
helmets, gumboots and overalls to protect Presence of a first aid kits; Supervising g Phase
against injuries. Presence of safety signage Engineer
A functional first aid kit should be kept

on site in case of any emergencies.
Safety guidelines and regulations should

be communicated to all demolition
workers and contractors and appropriate
warning signage should be displayed
around the site.
Unemploym - Sensitization of the employees and Sensitization schedule. Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 5,000,000
ent community about alternative sources of Weekly Developer Government Decommissionin
employment and income g Phase
L.C.1
Leadership
xxvi
Dust Demolition staff should be provided with Workers in PPE; Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 3,000,000
appropriate PPE. Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
Fenced/ hoarded site g Phase
On-site dust should be suppressed by Health
sprinkling of water. Complaints from Inspectors
community
Total 26,600,000
Overall Total 554,390,000
xxvii
Conclusion
An evaluation of the project alternatives in Chapter 7 concludes that the proposed project as
described in the report is beneficial and environmentally sound. Thus, going by the “action
alternative”, the proposed Kotido Main Market will result into a number of impacts on the
environment. These impacts will be both positive and negative. Most of the positive impacts
identified would be of high significance while most of the negative impacts identified would be of
minor significance.
Practical and appropriate mitigation measures to all the negative impacts due to implementation of
the proposed project have been adequately provided. An environmental and social management plan
has been designed for use by the developer in implementing the proposed mitigations. If the
stipulated remedial measures and the environmental and social management plan are implemented,
the negative impacts of the proposed project will be negligible.
If the developer wishes to add any other component onto the project which was not considered under
this assessment, a fresh Environmental and Social Impact study should be undertaken to determine
its compatibility with the immediate environment, its impacts on the environment and to identify
appropriate mitigation measures for its adverse impacts.
In the event that the project is implemented, the developer or his contractor should ensure that any
impacts not contemplated at this stage are quickly addressed whenever they arise, and subsequent
communications shared with NEMA.
xxviii
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Government of Uganda through Ministry of Local Government is implementing the Markets and
Agricultural Trade Improvement Programme – Project 3 (MATIP-3). The project which is funded
by African Development Bank is intended to improve marketplace economic and social
infrastructure including incremental production and marketing of agricultural commodities,
enhancing the incomes of vendors, reducing post-harvest losses, increasing employment and
customer satisfaction.
The project is implemented under three components; i) Market Infrastructure Development, ii) Value
Addition and Trade Facilitation and iii) Capacity Building and Project Management. Kotido Main
Market is one of the Markets to be constructed under this project. The market is located in at Plot
2-6 and Plot 8-14, along Lodon Road, Acholli Inn Cell L.C.1, Central Division, Jie County, Kotido
Municipality, Kotido District at GPS Coordinates A) 3°0'18.41"N 34°6'44.32"E, B) 3°0'19.63"N
34°6'46.07"E, C) 3°0'18.02"N 34°6'47.32"E, D) 3°0'18.86"N 34°6'49.05"E, E) 3°0'17.49"N
34°6'50.42"E, F) 3°0'16.25"N 34°6'48.36"E, G) 3°0'15.06"N 34°6'46.22"E.
Construction of Kotido Main Market will result into significant environmental and social impacts,
particularly during site preparation, construction and operation phases if mitigation measures are not
put in place. The impacts include loss of vegetation, occupational safety and health issues, air and
noise pollution, waste generation, traffic accidents, and water pollution among others.
It is a requirement under The National Environment Act, 2019 that Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment (ESIA) is conducted for projects with likely significant environmental and social
impacts. This is done so that adverse impacts anticipated from the proposed project are eliminated
or mitigated.
It is against this background that MoLG commissioned this ESIA to assess any likely potential
environmental and social impacts associated with the project activities, with the principle objective
of addressing all environmental implications of the proposed project. Therefore, the ESIA was
conducted in accordance with the National Environment Act, 2019, the National Environment
1
(Environmental and Social Assessment Regulations), 2020 as well as the African Development
Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Standards.
1.2 Project Categorization

The Fifth Schedule of the National Environment Act 2019 categorizes the proposed market as one
of the projects that should be considered for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
before implementation, and a report submitted to the National Environment Management Authority
in a prescribed form and giving the prescribed information for consideration of approval.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study include the following;
i) To document the baseline biophysical and social environmental conditions;

ii) To identify and evaluate likely positive and negative environmental and social impacts
resulting from the proposed construction/expansion and operation of the proposed
Market;
iii) To recommend appropriate impact mitigation and enhancement measures for the
attention of the Authority for consideration; and
iv) To develop an environmental and social management plan for all aspects of the proposed
development.
1.4 Scope of the study
This study was conducted at the proposed project site and the immediate neighborhood and the
ESIA team used a range of methods to accomplish the assignment. The scope of work included
details of the following tasks;
• Description of the proposed project,
• Description of the baseline environment,
• Review of provisions of the relevant environmental laws,
• Identification and discussion of any adverse impacts to the environment anticipated from the
proposed project,
• Identification of appropriate mitigation measures,
• Analysis of alternatives, and
• Development of an Environmental and Social Management Plan.
2
1.5 Geographical location

3°0'18.41"N 34°6'44.32"E, B) 3°0'19.63"N 34°6'46.07"E, C) 3°0'18.02"N 34°6'47.32"E, D)
3°0'18.86"N 34°6'49.05"E, E) 3°0'17.49"N 34°6'50.42"E, F) 3°0'16.25"N 34°6'48.36"E, G)
3°0'15.06"N 34°6'46.22"E. It is accessed by Lodon road from the South, Market view Lane from
the West, Abim Crescent (Labwor road) from the North and Market Lane from the East.
1.6 Project Cost

The total capital investment for the proposed Kotido Main Market is estimated to cost approximately
United States Dollars Four Million, Nine Hundred Ninety-Three Thousand, Three Hundred
Sixty-Five only (US $ 4,993,365.00). The implementation of ESMP during the preparation
phase is approximately 8,500 USD, the construction phase requires approximately 74,300
USD, the operation phase requires 59,800 USD and the decommissioning phase will require
7,200 USD.
1.7 ESIA Process in Uganda

The ESIA process followed the legal procedures as contained in EIA reference manual for Uganda
2002. The flow chart in Figure 1 summarizes the process.
3
DEVELOPER INPUTS/OUTPUTS
SUBMISSION OF PROJECT NEMA forwards PB to

BRIEF (PB) TO NEMA relevant Lead Agencies
NEMA forwards PB to
SCREENING relevant Lead Agencies
SCREEN 1 SCREEN 2 SCREEN 3

WHETHER PROJECT WHETHER PROJECT WHETHER ADEQUATE
IS EXEMPT FROM EIA MUST HAVE EIA MITIGATION MEASURES Certificate of approval at
HAVE BEEN PB stage
INCORPORATED
Scoping Stakeholder consultation on

Scope
TOR
EIA STUDY
NEMA, Lead Agencies &

Review of terms of
stakeholder consultations
reference (TOR)
on ToR
Detailed EIA study Public & Stakeholder

consultations
Prepare EIA report

Environment Impact
Statement (EIS)
DECISION Review EIA NEMA, Lead Agency &

-MAKING Report public/stakeholder
comments on EIS
Approval of EIA
EIA Certificate of Approval
Decision on project
Records of Decision
Action by Developer
Figure 1: ESIA Process in Uganda
4
1.8 Structure of the Environmental Project Brief
This Environmental Project Brief was prepared in accordance with the National Environment
(Environmental and Social Assessment) Regulations S.I No. 143 of 2020. This report is divided into
the following sections:
Section 1: Executive summary (ES)

Section 2: Introduction and scope of the study
Section 3: Methodology for conducting the Study
Section 4: Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework
Section 5: Description of the Project
Section 6: Baseline of environmental conditions of the project area
Section 7: Public and Stakeholder consultations & GRM
Section 8: Project Needs and Alternatives
Section 9: Analysis of Potential Impacts & Mitigation Measures
Section 10: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) & Capacity assessment of the
public entities
Section 11: Conclusions and Recommendations
Section 12: References
Section 13: Appendices
5
2 METHODOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING THE STUDY
This section outlines the approaches and methods that were used in carrying out the Environmental
and Social Impact Assessment. The section details the processes for generating baseline data, criteria
for identification of impacts, analysis of impacts and their ratings in terms of severity or significance,
identifying mitigation and monitoring framework that has been recommended to mitigate and
manage potential impacts.
2.1.1 Approaches
The study was undertaken by NEMA Registered and Certified Environmental Practitioners in
accordance with the ESIA regulations of Uganda. The Consultants undertook the task of ESIA for
the proposed project by clearly defining the assignment into a number of discrete activities. These
activities facilitated development of a workable framework for the speedy and timely execution of
the assignment. They included but were not limited to the following;
2.1.2 Environmental screening
This is the stage at which the project was identified as among those that require Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment since its activities are likely to have an impact on the environment.
2.1.3 Stakeholder Consultations
Stakeholder consultations were carried out to ensure that all stakeholder concerns are incorporated
into project planning and implementation.
The mode of consultations was formal and informal interviews to ensure public participation in the
Environmental Assessment study as recommended. The aim of these consultations was to seek the
views of all categories of people likely to be affected by the proposed project activities and identify
the environmental and social concerns and views of the stakeholders so that appropriate mitigations
are incorporated into the final implementation of the project.
Consultations with stakeholders particularly, relevant government agencies (NEMA, MAAIF,
MoGLSD); local authorities not limited to Local Government technocrats of Kotido District and
the local community were carried out.
2.1.4 Desk Study/ Literature review
Literature was reviewed to obtain background and secondary baseline information about the
proposed project and the site, the regulatory and institutional context relevant to the project,
modern sound environmental technologies and the infrastructure/construction sector in Uganda.
The key documents that were reviewed include;
a) Relevant laws and Regulations of Uganda
6
b) Background data concerning the local communities, including results from the UBOS
National Population and Housing Census (2014).
2.1.5 Field Survey
To compliment project information obtained during the desk study, an extensive field survey was
carried out for a detailed assessment of the baseline conditions.
Baseline conditions were documented to establish prevailing biophysical and socio-economic

situation upon which impacts were assessed and also provide a basis for future monitoring. Baseline
conditions were established using a combination of methods including detailed document review,
observation, interviews, physical, biological and social surveys.
2.1.6 Noise and air quality assessment
The ESIA team carried out a baseline noise and quality assessment at the proposed project site, site
boundaries, and neighbouring households.
The results for the noise assessment were compared with the National Environment (Noise Standards
and Control) Regulations, 2003 and air quality assessment results were compared with the world
Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) as well as the Draft National Air Quality
Standards, 2006.
2.1.7 Socio-Economic Assessment
A socio-economic assessment was conducted using participatory approaches like focus group
discussions, consultations with key stakeholders, in-depth interviews to document gender and related
socio-economic baseline information. The socio-economic assessment covered household and
individual characteristics, livelihood activities, administrative areas and infrastructural facilities.
2.1.8 Impact Identification and Analysis
A rating criterion (based on nature, extent, duration, magnitude and probability of occurrence of an
impact) was then developed and used to evaluate the significance of the impacts so that relative
comparisons between the impacts could be done. The evaluation of the significance of the impacts
was done as follows:
Nature: whether the impact will be; negative (a ‘cost’ to the environment), or positive (a
‘benefit’ to the environment).
Extent: whether the impact will be limited to the;
# Extent Description Score

A Site The impact is restricted to the boundaries 1
of the site.
B Local (affecting Entire potentially affected communities 2
communities, habitats or
land that are close to
7
the project site)

C Sub national that is Affecting habitat that may support species of 3
Districts or regions regional importance, impact on an individual of
species that may have a national designation, but the
impact is only on sub national and not national
population.
D National Effects on local population of species that 4
have effects on the national population
E International Greenhouse gases and transboundary 5
species
Duration: whether the lifetime of the impact shall be;

# Duration Score
A Immediate (<1 month) 1
B Short term (1-6 months) 2
C Medium term (6 months – 1 year) 3
D Long term (mainly operational impacts that end when the project ceases 4
operation)
E Permanent (Impacts that may exist after ceasing the project’s operation) 5
Magnitude: whether the impact will be;

# Magnitude Description Score
A Minor (the impact on the There is no perceptible change to people’s 2
environment is not detectable) health, wellbeing or livelihood
B Low (the impact affects the People/communities are able to adapt to the 4
environment in such a way impact with relative ease and maintain pre-
that natural functions and impact livelihoods
processes are not materially
affected)
C Moderate (where the affected People/communities are able to adapt to the 6
environment is altered but impact with some difficulty and maintain pre-
natural functions and processes impact health, wellbeing and livelihood status
continue, albeit in a modified
but only with a degree of support
way)
D High (where natural functions People/communities are able to adapt to the 8
and processes are altered that impact with a lot of difficulty and maintain pre-
it will temporarily cease) impact health, wellbeing and livelihood status
but only with a high degree of support
E Very high (where natural Those affected people/communities will not be 10
functions and processes are able to adapt to changes while continuing to
altered that it will permanently maintain pre-impact health, wellbeing or
cease)
livelihood
8
Probability of occurrence: whether the likelihood of the impact that will be occur is;
# Probability of occurrence Description Score
A Improbable (less than 5% The possibility of the impact materializing is 1
chance) very low as a result of design
B Low probability (5% to 40% There is a possibility that the impact will 2
chance) occur
C Medium probability (40% to The impact may occur 3
60% chance)
D High probability (60% to It is most likely that the impact will occur 4
90% chance)
E Definite (impact will The impact will occur regardless of the 5
definitely occur) implementation of any prevention or
corrective actions
Significance: Based on the above information, the potential impacts were assigned a significance
weighting (S). This weighting was formulated by adding the sum of the numbers assigned to
Extent (E), Duration (D) and Magnitude (M) and multiplying this sum by the probability (P) of
the impact as follows: S = (E+D+M) P. The derived significance weighting scale is given below:
• (<30): Low (i.e. where this impact would not have a direct influence on the decision to
develop in the area).
• (30-60): Medium (i.e. where the impact could influence the decision to develop in the
area unless it is effectively mitigated).
• (>60): High (i.e. where the impact must have an influence on the decision process to
develop in the area).
Appropriate mitigation measures were then designed to avoid, minimize or compensate for the
adverse environmental and social impacts and inform the Environmental and Social Management
Plan (ESMP).
9
3 POLICY, LEGAL, REGULATORY, AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
This section provides an overview of the Policies and Regulations that will directly influence the
proposed project and are intended to ensure that its development and operation are in harmony
with environmental conservation practices.
3.1 Policy Framework
3.1.1 The National Environment Management Policy, 1994
The overall goal of National Environment Management Policy, 1994 is to promote

intergenerational equity and sustainable development that maintains and enhances environmental
quality and resources periodicity to meet human needs of the present generation without
compromising ability of future generations meeting their own. ESIA is one of the vital tools
considered necessary to ensure environmental quality and resource productivity on long-term
basis. The policy calls for integration of environmental concerns into development policies, plans
and activities. Hence, the policy requires that projects likely to have significant adverse
ecological or social impacts undertake an ESIA before their implementation.
Relevance to the project: The ESIA has been conducted in consideration of the nature of the
project in relation to its receiving environment and to ensure sustainable development, as the
project is likely to result in environmental and social impacts. At the end of the project, Kotido
Main Market should restore the proposed site in accordance with the NEMA approved
decommissioning plan.
3.1.2 The National Water Policy, 1999
The key objective of this Policy is to guide development and management of water resources in
Uganda following an integrated and sustainability concept so as to secure and provide water of
adequate quantity and quality for all social and economic needs, with full participation of all
stakeholders and mindful of the needs of future generations.
The Policy was set to:
a) Promote rational use of water.

b) Promote provision of safe water supply for domestic use.
c) Promote orderly development and use of water resources for purposes other than
domestic including transport or navigation.
d) Control pollution and promote the safe storage, treatment and disposal of waste, which
could pollute water and impact public health.
Relevance to the project: The project could impact on quantity or quality of water resources
within the vicinity of the project area, therefore, no hazardous substance/pollutant from the
operations at the project should be released to the nearby water sources.
10
3.1.3 The National Gender Policy, 1997
The overall objective of the National Gender Policy (1997) is to mainstream gender in national
development process to improve social, legal, political, economic and cultural conditions of
citizens, especially of women. The policy defines structures and key target areas that should be
developed to cater for gender equity in any development.
Relevance to the project: The contractor should ensure equal opportunity to both men and
women.
3.1.4 The Wildlife Policy, 2014
This Policy aims to conserve wildlife resources of Uganda in a manner that contributes to the
sustainable development of the nation and the well-being of its people. It recognizes poaching
as the challenge towards developing and promoting the wildlife sector in Uganda. The Policy
could be of relevancy because of any possible stray wildlife.
Relevance to the project: The developer should restrict excavation works to areas that will be
required for construction so as to minimize on the impacts on the wildlife habitat.
3.1.5 The National Land Use Policy, 2007
The overall goal for the National Land Use Policy is "To achieve sustainable and equitable socio-
economic development through optimal land management and utilization in Uganda"
The above in-act the principles that govern the National Land Use Policy as a reflection of the
fact that sustainable, equitable and integrated natural resources utilization like the proposed land
are essential for natural, social and economic development. The Policy emphasizes among others
environmentally friendly practices during preparation and construction of the proposed market,
community based participatory planning prior to construction commencement; gender and land
ownership.
Relevance to the project: The Policy is essential in guiding the developer on how to optimally
use land and also to ensure community involvement in the development process and engaging
communities in areas where the project is to be located.
3.1.6 The HIV and AIDS Work Place Policy 2007
The goal of the national policy is to provide a framework for prevention of further spread of HIV
and mitigation of the socio-economic impact of HIV and AIDS within the world of work in
Uganda. This should be implemented by; providing guidelines for employers, workers and the
Government on prevention, management as well as mitigation of the impact of HIV and AIDS
within the world of work; providing guidelines for employers, workers and the Government in
order to eliminate stigma and discrimination on the basis of perceived or real HIV status within
the world of work ; providing a framework for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of
measures taken to combat HIV and AIDS within the world of work, among others.
11
Relevance to the project: The contractor/developer should have an HIV and AIDS Policy and a
framework (responsible staff, action plan, etc.) which should be implemented during project
execution.
3.1.7 The Child Labour Policy, 2006
This policy prohibits employment of children. Children are more prone to accidents at
workplaces. The Policy defines child labor as;
a) Work that is mentally, physically, socially and/or morally dangerous and harmful to
children. In addition, child labor is perceived as work or activities that interfere with
children's school attendance.
b) Hazardous work, which by its nature or the circumstances under which it is performed
jeopardizes the health, safety and morals of a child.
Relevance to the project: In line with policy, the developer should not employ any children
below 16 years to work at the Market.
3.1.8 The Disaster Preparedness and Management Policy, 1999
This policy advocates an approach to disaster preparedness and management that focuses on
reducing risks i.e. (loss of life, economic loss and damage to property).
Relevance to the project: In line with policy, the developer should have an emergency procedure
put in place to cater for any disasters that are likely to occur at the site.
3.1.9 The Uganda National Culture Policy, 2006
The Policy complements, promotes and strengthens the overall development goals of the country.
❖ The specific Objectives of the policy are:
❖ To promote and strengthen Uganda’s diverse cultural identities.
❖ To enhance social cohesion, collaboration and participation of all people in cultural life.
❖ To promote community action on cultural practices that promote and that impinge on
human dignity.
❖ To conserve, protect and promote Uganda’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage.
Relevance to the project: The contractor/developer should take into consideration the need to
preserve and protect any cultural heritage recorded in the project area in accordance to (Art3.
No.2) Act 2005.
3.1.10 The National Policy on Elimination of Gender Based Violence, 2016
The Policy provides a framework for the implementation of comprehensive GBV prevention
measures and provision of multi-sectoral support services for survivors. It also outlines the role
of various state and non-state actors at local and national levels, strategic actions, and milestones
for measuring progress. The new policy plays a key role in addressing critical gaps in GBV
response, such as the lack of functioning referral systems that coordinate heath, social, law
enforcement, and judicial sectors.
12
Some interventions to be implemented to address GBV at the Market include;
❖ Establishing Safety and Health committees to regularly monitor safety and health
conditions and institute mitigation measures;
❖ Workplace trainings or orientations on safe methods of work;
❖ Grievances should be reported to the supervisor or labor officer who will advise on
redress mechanism.
❖ There should be internal guidelines on work procedures and reporting of grievances e.g.
suggestion boxes;
❖ Disciplinary Committees should be established to provide avenues for fair hearing to
workers in cases of disciplinary proceedings against any worker.
3.2. Legal Framework
3.2.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 as Amended
The Constitution places obligations on both the state and the citizens of Uganda to among other
things: a) protect the environment; b) protect important natural resources including land, water,
wetlands and fauna and flora; c) promote sustainable development and public awareness of the
need to protect and conserve natural resources in a balanced manner for the benefit of the present
and future generations and to prevent damage to natural resources resulting from pollution and
other causes.
Article 39 and 41 of the Constitution of 1995 provide that everyone has a duty to maintain a
sound environment. It also stipulates that every person in Uganda has a right to a healthy and
clean environment and as such can bring legal action for any pollution or disposal of wastes.
Chapter III, Section 245 stipulates that the Parliament shall by law provide measures intended to
protect and preserve the environment from abuse, pollution and degradation. The articles detailed
above place project development within the constitutional framework. The Constitution puts
upon all Ugandans the duty to create and protect a clean and healthy environment.
Relevance to the project: Under Article 39, the Constitution guarantees the right of every
Ugandan to a clean and healthy environment. The Constitution therefore, requires that the project
to be implemented without endangering human health and the environment.
3.2.2 The National Environment Act, 2019
The specific legislation that deals with ESIA in Uganda is the National Environment Act (NEA),
2019. NEMA was created under NEA and mandated with the responsibility to oversee,
coordinate and supervise environmental management activities in Uganda. The proposed project
is one of those whose activities are likely to have an impact on the environment, therefore, it
should be subjected to an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment before implementation,
and a report submitted to the National Environment Management Authority in a prescribed form
and giving the prescribed information for consideration of approval.
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The Act provides for various strategies and tools for environment management, which also
include ESIA (Section 113) for projects likely to have significant impacts on the environment.
Section 71(3)(j) provides for monitoring of water bodies, soils or any other receiving
environment for any spill or hazardous chemicals and contamination. NEMA sets multimedia
environmental standards (Sections 103-109) to prevent contamination of air, water and soil
resources. NEMA will also be responsible for approval of the project ESIA and prescribing
compliance conditions during project implementation.
Relevance to the project: This Act is relevant to the proposed project as it will have
environmental impacts and requires an ESIA to be conducted. All the foregoing sections of the
Act are relevant for preservation of the natural environment around the proposed project both
during construction and operation of the project. Environmental standards of NEMA should be
adhered to during the construction process. The ESIA report is in fulfillment of the requirements
of this Act.
3.2.3 The Local Governments Act (Cap 243)
This Act provides for decentralized governance and devolution of central government functions,
powers and services to local governments that have own political and administrative set-ups.
According to Section 9 of the Act, a local government is the highest political and administrative
authority in its area of jurisdiction and shall exercise both legislative and executive powers in
accordance with the Constitution.
Districts have powers to oversee implementation of development activities through respective
technical and political offices such as those responsible for water, production, engineering,
natural resources and environment, health and community development.
With regard to natural resource management, the district councils are responsible for land
surveying, land administration, physical planning, forests and wetlands, environment and
sanitation and road services that are not the responsibility of the Central Government.
Relevance to the project: The Local Government should be involved in issues of land
acquisition, compensation and environmental monitoring and compliance of this project.
3.2.4 The Water Act Cap. 152
The Act provides for the management of water in Uganda and is under the mandate of Directorate
of Water Development (DWD) in the Ministry of Water and Environment. Section 31, subsection
(1) of the Water Act deals with prohibition of pollution to water and stipulates that a person
commits an offence, unless authorized under this Act, causes or allows:
a) Waste to come into contact with any water;
b) Waste to be discharged directly or indirectly into water;
c) Water to be polluted
Under section 107, the Water (Waste Discharge) Regulations (1998); the Water Supply
Regulations (1999) and the Sewerage Regulations (1999) have been put in place to operationalize
the Act and are aimed at minimizing pollution of public waters by developers and other users.
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According to Regulation 4 (1) of the Water (Waste Discharge) Regulations (1998): No person
shall discharge effluent or waste on land or into aquatic environment contrary to the standards
established under section 105 of the National Environment Act 2019, that is, The National
Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent into water or on Land) Regulations (1999);
unless he or she has a permit in the format specified in the First Schedule.
Relevance to the project: The proposed project in its operational phase will require a lot of water
usage like domestic demand; washing, drinking, sanitary purposes and cooling of machinery,
with such demand more effluent discharges are expected hence the need of an ESIA study so as
to test the quality and quantity of waste water discharge, treatment and monitoring methods as
to prevent or control both ground water and surface water pollution.
3.2.5 The Public Health Act, Cap. 269
The Public Health Act consolidates the law with respect to public health and puts a duty on urban
and local authorities for matters pertaining to public health. It is on this ground that the LC1 was
consulted.
The Act also specifies about nuisances or conditions liable to be injurious /dangerous to health
caused by persons or to persons on premises/ land they occupy or are in charge of. These
nuisances include among others, vehicles in a state harmful to health, a dwelling or part of
dwelling which is in a state that is dirty or harbors vermin or is damp and is likely to be harmful
to health or is liable to favor the spread of any infectious disease, any pit, drain, septic tank,
garbage receptacle, manure heap, dung pit so foul or offensively situated and likely to be
injurious to health, any noxious matter or waste water flowing or discharged from any premises,
wherever situated into any public street, gutter, gulley, swamp or watercourse that is not
approved for reception of the discharge.
This Act aims to avoid pollution of environmental resources that support health and livelihoods
of communities “local people, for those employed to work in the market and the surrounding
communities”. The Act will be applicable to operations of the market, and waste collection areas.
Relevance to the project: The developer of the proposed Market has developed health and safety
strategies for the workers in the ESMP of this report. The developer seeks through Public Health
Act to protect the health of all the construction workers during the preparation and construction
phases and occupants during the operational phase by including the health of the environment
through stipulations about drainage and safety of buildings and activities.
3.2.6 The Workers Compensation Act Cap 225 (Formerly known as The Workers
Compensation Act No 8, 2000)
The Act Provides for compensation of workers for injuries suffered and scheduled diseases
incurred in the course of their employment.
The Act further spells out degrees of compensation depending on the levels of incapacitation,
calculation of respective earnings, medical examination and treatment of workers, agreement as
to compensation by the worker, power of court to submit question of law, determination of claims
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and decisions of the court concerning the treatment of medical reports as well as procedures
relating to claims.
Relevance to the project: This Act is applicable to this project to deal with issues likely to accrue
from accidents while at work.
3.2.7 The Physical Planning Act 2011
This Act replaced the Town and Country Planning Act, Cap 246 which was enacted in 1951 and
revised in 1964 but is now inconsistent with contemporary government system in Uganda. The
1951 Act was enacted to regulate and operate in a centralized system of governance where
physical planning was carried out at national level through the Town and Country Planning
Board. Implementation of the Act was supervised by local governments, especially the urban
local governments.
Uganda has since gone through many social, political and economic changes. For example,
promulgation of the 1995 Constitution established a decentralized system of governance which
divulged powers and functions including physical planning, finance and execution of projects
from the central government to local governments. This therefore created a need to enact a
physical planning legislation which is consistent with this Constitutional requirement. The
Physical Planning Act, 2011 establishes district and urban physical planning committees,
provides for making and approval of physical development plans and applications for
development.
Section 37 of The Physical Planning Act, 2011 requires an ESIA permit for developments before
they are implemented, stating:
“Where a development application related to matters that require an environmental and social
impact assessment, the approving authority may grant preliminary approval subject to the
applicant obtaining an ESIA certificate in accordance with the National Environment Act”.
Relevance to the project: Kotido District has jurisdiction over the area covered by the project
and therefore has regulatory control to ensure that this project conforms to local physical
planning requirements. The proposed project should be implemented with guidelines and
planning provisions of Kotido District.
3.2.8 Land Act, Cap. 227
The Act addresses four issues namely, holding, control, management and dispute resolution
related to land ownership. As regards tenure, the Act repeats in Section 3 provisions of Article
237 of the Constitution which vests all land in the citizens of Uganda, to be held under customary,
freehold, mailo and leasehold tenure systems. It then defines the incidence of each tenure regime
(section 4); provides mechanisms of acquisition of certificates of customary ownership (Sections
5-9); the conversion of customary tenure to freehold (Sections 10-15), or collective management
of land held under customary law (Sections 16-27); the protection of the rights of women,
children and persons with disability (sections 28); the conversion of leasehold into freehold
(Section 29) and the security of tenure for ‘tenants by occupancy’ (Sections 30-39).
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The Land Act provides for a decentralized system to resolve land disputes in Uganda (Sections
75-90) through establishment of Land Tribunals at all levels of local government and that they
should first arbitrate land disputes before resorting to legal courts of law. No other organ, except
informal traditional authority mediators (Section 89) will henceforth have jurisdiction over land
disputes (section 98). Therefore, the Act favors local landowners by advancing a process that is
both localized and free from costs and formalities associated with formal judicial courts. This is
the key Act in respect to land acquisition and compensation in case of any encroachment of
people’s land during project implementation.
Relevance to the project: The land on which the Market is to be built is owned by the developer
(Land documents attached in Appendix I).
3.2.9 The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006
The Act requires employers to provide and maintain safe working conditions, and to take
measures to protect workers and the public from risks and dangers of their works, at his or her
own cost (Section 13). Employers with more than 20 workers should prepare and often revise a
written policy with respect to safety and health of workers (Section 14). Every workplace must
be kept in a clean state, free from effluent arising from any drains and sanitary facilities (Section
46). The contractor/developer therefore is obliged to provide employers with washing facilities,
First Aid, facilities for meals and safe access to workplaces. Clearly, this law should apply to
occupational health and fire safety risks associated with operation of equipment at the proposed
Market.
Relevance to the project: The developer should ensure safety of all workers that will be
employed during the preparation, construction, operation and decommissioning phase of the
proposed project. In summary, this act should be used as a guideline to ensure health and safety
of workers is guaranteed.
3.2.10 The Employment Act, Cap 219
Employment Act, 2006 repeals Employment Act (Cap 219) enacted in 2000 and it is the
principal legislation that seeks to harmonize relationships between employees and employers,
protect workers’ interests and welfare and safeguard their occupational health and safety through:
a) Prohibiting forced labor, discrimination and sexual harassment at workplaces
(Part II and Part IV).
b) Providing for labor inspection by the relevant ministry (Part III).
c) Stipulating rights and duties in employment (weekly rest, working hours, annual
leave, maternity and paternity leaves, sick pay, etc. (Part VI).
d) Continuity of employment (continuous service, seasonal employment, etc. (Part
VIII).
Relevance to the project: This Act should be applicable to general labor conditions of the
proposed Market.
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3.2.11 The Traffic and Road Safety Act 1998
This Act provides for among other things the use of a motor vehicle trailer or engineering plant
on any road, need for the registration of all motor vehicles, the need for obtaining driving permits,
the requirement to comply with road signs and speed limits, the procedure to be followed at the
time of an accident, the need for the employer to keep record of drivers etc. The Act also
stipulates that a National Road Safety Council is appointed whose functions among others are:
• To collect, prepare and disseminate educational material on road safety;
• To prepare and promulgate fully integrated programs of public information and publicity
by means of all appropriate media of mass communication; and
• To advise on current or projected ideas concerning motor vehicle, trailer, equipment and
maintenance with particular reference to safety devices.
Relevance to the project: All vehicle drivers should have driving permits in accordance with the
class/group of vehicles registered for and will abide by provisions stated under the Act.
3.2.12 The Land Acquisition Act Cap 226
This Act makes provision for the procedures and methods of compulsory acquisition of land for
public purposes whether for temporary or permanent use. The Act requires that adequate, fair
and prompt compensation is paid before taking possession of land and property. Dispute arising
from the compensation to be paid should be referred to the court for decision if the Land Tribunal
cannot handle.
The Land Acquisition Act stops at payment of compensation. It is not a legal requirement to
purchase alternative land for the affected people by the project. Once they are
promptly/adequately compensated, then the obligations stop there. The Government through the
Ministry of Lands and Urban Development pays the compensation to the affected persons in case
the project is being undertaken by the government. There is no requirement or provision in
Uganda law that people need to be moved or that alternative land is made available or bought.
Each affected person is entitled to be compensated in cash only and on receipt of his/her
compensation is expected to relocate and has no further claim.
Relevance to the project: All land acquisitions regarding this project should be guided by this
Act.
3.2.13 The Uganda Citizenship and Immigration Control Act, Cap 66
This Act makes provision for the acquisition of citizenship in Uganda (pursuant to the
Constitution), and provides for the compulsory registration of all Ugandans and the issuance of
national identification numbers and national identity cards to citizens of Uganda. It also regulates
the issuance of passports to citizens of Uganda, provides for the regulation and control of aliens
in Uganda, repeals the Uganda Citizenship Act, the Immigration Act, the Passport Act and Aliens
(Registration and Control) Act; and provides for other matters incidental or connected with the
foregoing.
Relevance to the project: The workers at the proposed Market will include both citizens and
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non-citizens. Citizens should be required to have national IDs or introductory letters from their
respective Local chairpersons while non-citizens should be required to have work permits.
3.2.14 The Public Holidays Act, 1965
The law states that every employer shall pay to each of his or her employees in respect of every
public holiday, the full remuneration which would have been payable to the employee for a full
day’s work if that day had not been a public holiday.
Where any employee attends or performs work for a full day or more on a public holiday, the
employer shall pay to the employee in addition to the remuneration prescribed by subsection (1)
an amount of money not less than the remuneration which would have been payable to the
employee for the work if that day had not been a public holiday or shall grant the employee leave
with full pay in place of the public holiday.
Where any employee attends and performs work for part only of a public holiday, an employer
shall pay to the employee in addition to the remuneration prescribed by subsection (1), the
proportion of the remuneration for a full day’s work on that day if that day had not been a public
holiday, represented by the number of hours for which the employee has performed work.
Relevance to the project: The employer should not force any worker to do a task on a public
vacation against their will. In case the employer would like to engage an employee to perform
any given task (s) on a public vacation, it will have to be by mutual permission. The employer
will have to talk about the matter with the employee regarding the issue of payment for work
done on the public vacation.
3.3. Regulatory Framework
3.3.1 The National Environment (Environmental and Social Assessment) Regulations,

2020
The Regulations specify modalities and best practice guidelines for EIAs. Project proponents are
required to comply with EIA guidelines including environmental screening, scoping, guidelines
for public participation, and monitoring plan. NEMA has a responsibility of overseeing the ESIA
process and coordinating with relevant agencies. Regulations contain a list of projects that may
be subject to a detailed EIA study.
Relevance to the project: This ESIA has been made in compliance with this requirement.
3.3.2 The National Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent into Water or on
Land) Regulations, 2020
Regulation 3 (standards for effluent), states that the standards for effluent or waste water before
it is discharged into water or on land shall be as prescribed in the Schedule to these Regulations.
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Section 4 (1) states that every industry or establishment shall install at its premises, anti-pollution
equipment for the treatment of effluent, chemical discharge emanating from the industry or
establishment.
Section 4(2) appeals for the installation of the anti-pollution equipment in a practice that is
environmentally friendly.
Relevance to the project: Any effluent generated from the proposed project operations should
be treated to prescribed standards prior to discharge.
The national discharge standards for selected contaminants are given in the table below. This
applies to disposal of sewage, drainage of run offs from the workshop areas, kitchen areas, or
other effluents from sanitary facilities.
Table 1:National discharge standards for selected pollutants
Parameter National discharge standards

BOD5 (mg/l) 50
Suspended solids (mg/l) 100
Fecal coliforms 10,000 counts/ 100ml
Chlorine residual (mg/l) 1 mg/l
Ph 6-8
Phenols (µg/l) 0.2 mg/l
Oil and grease (mg/l) 10 mg/l
Total Phosphorus (mg/l) 10 mg/l
Temperature 20-35oC
Source: The National Environment (Standards for Discharge of Effluent into Water or on
Land) Regulations, 1999
3.3.3 The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020
Section 26 (1) A person who generates domestic waste or municipal waste may, without a license
issued under these regulations, dispose of non-hazardous waste in an environmentally sound
manner in accordance with these regulations, and ordinances and by-laws made by a relevant
local government.
Section 26 (2) A person who generates hazardous domestic waste or hazardous municipal waste
shall ensure that— (a) the waste is segregated from non-hazardous waste; (b) the waste does not
cause harm to human health or the environment; and (c) hazardous waste is delivered to a waste
handler licensed to receive hazardous waste under these regulations.
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Relevance to the project: The developer/contractor should ensure there is proper contractual
agreement with licensed solid waste handlers and that solid wastes are disposed in the manner
prescribed.
3.3.4 The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003
Part III Section 8 (1) requires machinery operators, to use the best practicable means to ensure
that the emission of noise does not exceed the permissible noise levels. The regulations require
that persons to be exposed to occupational noise exceeding 85 dBA for 8 hours should be
provided with requisite ear protection (Table 2). This regulation would be specifically important
in construction and operation phases scheduled to take place at the project site.
Table 2: Regulatory noise limits (Uganda)
Facility Noise limits dB (A) (Leq)

Day* Night*
Construction sites 75 65
*Time frame: Day 6.00am -10.00 pm; Night 10.00 pm. - 6.00 am.
Source: The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003
Relevance to the project: These noise standards apply to both the preparation, construction and
operation of the project. By implementing the proposed mitigation measures, noise generated shall
not exceed limits prescribed by these regulations.
3.3.5 The Draft National Air Quality Standards, 2006
Considering that construction equipment and machinery are powered by diesel/ gasoline engines,
pollutants such as CO2, NOx, SOx, VOC and particulates are expected to be emitted. The draft
national air quality standards provide the following regulatory limits for these emissions.
Table 3: Regulatory air quality standards for selected pollutants
Pollutant Averaging time for ambient air Standard for ambient air
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 8 hr 9.0 ppm
Carbon monoxide (CO) 8 hr 9.0 ppm
Hydrocarbons 24 hr 5 mgm-3
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 24 hr, 1-year arithmetic mean 0.10 ppm
Smoke Not to exceed 5 minutes in any one Ringlemann scale No.2 or
Hour 40% observed at 6m or more
Soot 24 hr 500 µg/Nm-3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hr 0.15 ppm
Sulphur trioxide (SO3) 24 hr 200 µg/Nm-3
Note: ppm = parts per million; “N” in µg/Nm-3 connotes normal atmospheric conditions of pressure and temperature
(25oC and 1 atmosphere).
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Relevance to the project: These standards will be important to ensure minimal impact on local
air quality both during construction and operation of the project.
3.3.6 The National Environment (Control of Smoking in Public Places) Regulations, 2004
These regulations aim at curbing the effects of second-hand smoke on human beings by
restricting the practice of smoking and prohibiting it all together in certain establishments. The
proposed project is among the types of establishments where smoking will be prohibited.
Relevance to the project: “No Smoking” signage should be installed at the Market and there
should be designated points for smoking.
3.3.7 The National Environment (Audit) Regulations 2020
Section 12 (1) the developer of a project or activity listed in Schedule 3 to these regulations shall
carry out an environmental compliance audit. Section 12 (2) notwithstanding sub regulation (1),
the authority may require a developer of a project not included in Schedule 3 to these regulations,
to undertake an environmental compliance audit. Normally, under approval conditions of
NEMA, it is a requirement to undertake audits for projects which comply with the ESIA
requirement as part of the conditions of ESIA approval. Section 12 (3) the environmental
compliance audit referred to in sub regulation (1) shall be undertaken annually, unless otherwise
required by the Authority.
Relevance to the project: The developer should ensure self-environmental audits are undertaken
annually and these shall be conducted by NEMA registered practitioners.
3.4. Institutional Framework
3.4.1 National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)
NEMA’s overall goal is to promote sound environmental management and prudent use of natural
resources in Uganda. The specific objectives of NEMA among others are:
a) To monitor the environment and disseminate accurate and up to date environmental
information
b) To develop environmental policies, laws and guidelines for regulating the environment.
c) To ensure integration of environmental concerns into planning at the center, the district
and local levels
d) To promote awareness programs and increase public knowledge about environmental
issues.
e) To enforce environmental standards and regulations.
NEMA will assess this ESIA report for approval and issue environmental guidelines for project
implementation and operation.
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3.4.2 Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (MGLSD)
The Ministry is the lead agency in the social development sector. Together with other
stakeholders, it is responsible for community mobilization and empowerment, and protection of
rights and social protection. The mandate of the Ministry is to empower communities to harness
their potential through cultural growth, skills development and labor productivity for sustainable
and gender responsive development. The proposed project is predicted to generate employment
and development of skills of the employees.
Furthermore, the Department of Occupational Health and Safety within the Ministry is
responsible for safety and healthy environment at the workplace. It sets out relevant policies,
guidelines, programs and laws regarding labor and employment in general. It monitors all
facilities to ensure that occupational accidents, diseases and injuries at the workplace are
minimized. Project implementation, therefore, must adhere to the guidelines and requirements
issued from this Department. Accordingly, Inspectors from the Department have a right to
inspect any on-going activity without prior warning.
The Department of Labor Employment and Industrial relations promotes employment, industrial
peace and labor productivity. It formulates and reviews relevant guidelines, programs, policies
and laws. It is also responsible for the harmonious working relations between employers and
workers, supply of labor market information and labor productivity. The contractor should ensure
that all labor related laws are incorporated in the operations of the project. Therefore, it is
anticipated that this project will find itself working closely with the Department to ensure
compliance with labor and occupational safety requirements.
3.4.3 Local Administration Structures
The proposed project is within the jurisdiction Kotido District Local Government headed by a
Local Council V (LC V) Chairman and Chief Administration Officer (CAO) who are the political
head and technical head respectively. Various district offices whose functions would be relevant
to the project include offices of Natural Resources/Environment, District Health Inspector,
District Planner, Community Development Officer, and District Engineer.
The Environment Officer and Community Development Officer will be responsible for ensuring
the compliance of all the project’s components in line with relevant regulations and conditions
during preparation and construction works and the operations phase. They will ensure that
environmental and social impact assessment for this site development is adequately carried out,
mitigation measures properly incorporated and the preparation and construction process is
environmentally and legally compliant. It is important that the Environment Officer monitors the
operations of the project with particular reference to aspects of solid waste management, effluent
management, drainage, human waste management and general compliance aspects as relates to
national requirements.
The Community Development Officer is responsible for community welfare aspects and any
Corporate Social Responsibility activities from the Contractor’s side that could benefit the
community whether directly or indirectly should go through his/her office. The CDO also
doubles as the Labor office and will provide useful information to the contractor during times of
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worker recruitment. Equally important are village-level local council administration (LC I and
LC III). Leaders at these levels of local administration are closer to residents and therefore
important in effective community mobilization, sensitization and dispute resolution.
The District Land Board is responsible for land allocation at local government level and setting
compensation rates within District
3.4.4 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF)
The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries is a cabinet-level ministry of the
government of Uganda. The mandate of the ministry is to "formulate, review and implement
national policies, plans, strategies, regulations and standards and enforce laws, regulations and
standards along the value chain of crops, livestock and fisheries". The ministry is also
responsible for the "enhancement of crop production and productivity, in a sustainable and
environmentally safe manner, for improved food and nutrition security, employment, widened
export base and improved incomes of the farmers in Uganda.
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4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
4.1 Project Components
The proposed market will comprise of; stalls for the vendors, parking area, wet areas, storage
area, retaining walls, and other auxiliary structures such as a value addition facility, sanitary
facilities, solar power installations, rainwater harvesting tank, pathways, among others as per the
site layout plans (find copy attached)
4.2 Project Activities
4.2.1 Construction Phase
The following activities shall be done during the course of the construction phase:
i. Site clearing, demolition of existing structures, excavations and levelling
The first stage of the construction phase will be demolition of the existing structures/ stalls
within the site for the proposed building construction and for stock piling material covered with
tarpaulin to reduce material erosion. Site clearance will be only limited to areas required for
construction to reduce on the impact on biodiversity.
This will be followed by setting out of site for construction alignment and leveling using various
survey and construction equipment and materials. This will be followed by the excavation phase
that will generate a lot of cut and spoil material to be removed from the site.
ii. Compaction works
Compaction works will follow the excavation stage which will involve use of machinery e.g.,
compactors and generators for energy supply. This stage of construction will be essential prior
to constructing the foundation through creation of a stable working space. It will also be the
major determining factor for the alignment of the yard and parking areas.
iii. Materials transportation

Site preparation and construction of the market will require transportation of materials to and
from the site. This could cause a deterioration of air quality due to dust. These impacts if not
mitigated can trigger off unwanted environment and social consequences in the area. However,
these impacts will be mitigated as seen in Section 8.
iv. Concrete works
Concrete columns will be erected to form a firm foundation and frame for the proposed Market
and other structures. Concrete blocks will also be used during wall construction.
v. Earthing and lightning protection
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A general system for the earthing shall be put in place during foundation construction. This
earth will later be connected to the incoming power supply.
vi. Fencing
The proposed project site will be enclosed in a fence to prohibit access by the community,
animals, and generally unauthorized persons. Fencing will also minimize the impact of noise and
dust from the site to the neighboring community.
vii. Sanitary facilities and associated sewer systems
Adequate toilets shall be provided for all vendors, management staff, clients/customers and
visitors. These shall be made gender specific provided with sanitary bins for females. The toilets
shall be provided with privacy and hand washing facilities. They shall be emptied / serviced on
a regular basis to prevent overflowing.
4.2.2 Operations Phase
The operation phase will involve day-to-day operation of the market, regular refurbishing of
structures and other accessories among others. Other operation phase activities will include but
not limited to:
i. Emergency/safety support systems
Management of the market will ensure periodic upgrading of the safety support systems. These
include the fire-fighting equipment, emergency assembly poinst, ensuring that the escape routes
are always free of any obstacle all the time. The entire market will be fitted with smoke detectors
and fire alarms that will periodically be checked and serviced to ensure effective performance.
Regular painting of the interior with fire resistant paint will be undertaken.
ii. Energy use and supply

The entire facility is expected to depend on electricity supply. This will be from the national
grid (UMEME) which exists within the area and solar. The proposal is to have a hybrid system
of Umeme and Solar. The proposed solar system (proposed size of 100A single phase) with
batteries is designated only for lighting of the common areas. This will ensure adequate lighting
of the market at all time. The solar system batteries and inverter will be positioned in the power
room as well.
iii. Water and sanitation
Water supply will be from NWSC. Roof water will be harvested for use within the market
especially wash-ups.
Sanitation is a crucial factor in the management of the Market premises. Effective collection,
storage, disposal of all wastes and in housekeeping will be given priority and periodically
undertaken. Adequate toilets shall be provided for all vendors, management staff,
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clients/customers and visitors. These shall be made gender specific provided with sanitary bins
for females. The toilets shall be provided with privacy and hand washing facilities (with water
and soap). They shall be emptied / serviced on a regular basis to prevent overflowing.
iv. Air ventilation
Even though natural ventilation has been prioritized in the designs, air conditioning and
ventilation will still be required especially due to climate variability and also for dust control
v. Landscape and visual impact
Flower gardens will be established to enhance on the greenery at the site, various recommended
ornamental grass and trees species and indigenous shrubs will also be planted around the
developed site.
vi. Security
During construction, a fence will be constructed around the project site to act as a to restrict
access to intruders and un-authorized persons. Licensed 24 hours’ security guards will be hired
to provide security services at the proposed Market.
vii. Solid and liquid waste management
Wastewater will mainly come from surface runoff which will be left to flow via the drainage
channels. Other wastes generated on site could include human wastes, demolition debris, metallic
and wooden off-cuts, excavated soil, and wastes from packing materials. The wastewater will be
collected and treated on site before discharge. The raw sewage will be entered in the Primary
tank to provide pre-separation and initial breakdown of organic solids, then it will be passed
through an effluent filter and finally to the soak pit. Proper disposal of all wastes and
housekeeping will be given priority and periodically undertaken. A truck will be provided to
transport the garbage from the market to a designated dumping site.
The management of the market will also provide garbage bins/skips for segregation of waste and
making sure there is timely disposal. Waste will be collected and disposed of as per the National
Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020.
viii. Health and Safety provisions
During the operation phase, there will be health and safety as well as security concerns which
will need attention. These will include noise, dust, accidents, diseases, security of the premises,
workers and equipment. Stringent measures such as engineering controls, training of personnel,
provision of appropriate and adequate PPE like nose masks, earmuffs, gloves and safety clothes,
Installation of safety signage and labeled walk ways among others will be put in place.
The community will be safe guarded by fencing off the site, installation of safety signage and
through conduct of sensitization programs.
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ix. Adhering to COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures
According to World Health Organization, Corona viruses (commonly known as COVID-19) are a
large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases
such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Common
signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing
difficulties. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory
syndrome, kidney failure and even death. Due to the lack of symptoms during the incubation
period and the rapid spread of the virus, it can be assumed that cases of COVID-19 will generally
increase within affected countries.
a) Contractors, Visitors and vendors’ Guidelines:
All vendors, Subcontractors and Visitors shall observe the following basic guidelines:
• Avoid Public Transportation and minimize contact with passengers,
• Minimize going out into the general population, avoid hand shaking (no
touching/hugging) and use social distancing (maintain a distance of approximately 1
meter, if possible, whenever out in public and among passengers.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use at least a 60%
alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Install warning signs communication Covid-19 SOPs within the site.
• Avoid touching your face (eyes, nose and mouth) because contaminated hands may
transfer the virus to your body through these openings.
• Do not touch surfaces or objects that you suspect may be contaminated.
• When sneezing or coughing, cover your mouth and nose with bent elbow or tissue and
immediately dispose of the tissue in an appropriate place.
• Self-monitor your health condition; employees, visitors and vendors should also follow
the guidance provided by the Market’s occupational health program.
• Always wear a face mask properly.
b) Developer’s/Contractor’s Obligation
The Developer/Contractor will ensure that there is always hand washing facilities with water and
soaps (and if possible alcohol-based hand sanitizer) at the proposed market, and will sensitize
site workers, surrounding communities, visitors and vendors about the spread of COVID-19
pandemic. The Developer/Contractor will ensure use of face masks.
4.2.3 Decommissioning and Rehabilitation
At the end of the Market’s operations and activities, the project will be decommissioned and the
site restored depending on the needs of the land owner at that time. The contractor will ensure
that all structures, equipment, materials and facilities used or created on site for or during
construction/operation activities are removed once the project has been completed. Tree species
that are environment friendly will be planted as well as grass so as to stabilize the soil.
28
Decommissioning will be undertaken in accordance with the NEMA approved decommissioning

plan. But a tentative plan has been prepared and attached to this report.
29
5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE
The description of the environment surrounding the project area is an integral part of the study. The
impacts arising from the activities of a project are primarily felt by the immediate surroundings. It
provides the basis upon which impacts from project activities would be assessed.
5.1 Project location and neighbourhood
3°0'18.41"N 34°6'44.32"E, B) 3°0'19.63"N 34°6'46.07"E, C) 3°0'18.02"N 34°6'47.32"E, D)
3°0'18.86"N 34°6'49.05"E, E) 3°0'17.49"N 34°6'50.42"E, F) 3°0'16.25"N 34°6'48.36"E, G)
3°0'15.06"N 34°6'46.22"E.
The market is strategically located and easily accessible by the vendors, buyers and suppliers
making it convenient for business as a whole. It is accessed by Lodon road from the South, Market
view Lane from the West, Abim Crescent (Labwor road) from the North and Market Lane from
the East. The location of this market makes it very strategic and convenient for vendors, the
community and business as a whole.
Kotido Main Market is located on gently sloping land with area natural drainage flowing towards
the southern direction from the market. The google map and the image below shows the proposed
project site and its immediate neighbourhood.
30
Figure 2: Location Google Map showing the proposed Site

Source: Google Earth Picture 2021
31
Market lane which is the main access to Kotido Abim Crescent/ Labwor Road and part of
Main Market. immediate Northern neighbourhood.
Lodon Road accessing the market from the Market Lane and part of the immediate
southern side Eastern neighbourhood.
The Southern neighbourhood to the project The Western Neighborhood

site.
32
5.2 Biophysical Environment
5.2.1 Soils
Kotido District is mainly composed of three types of soils. The main one is Vertisols covering
all the southern and Eastern part. Generally, Kotido’s soils are mainly loamy and sandy
suitable for growing of Sorghum, Millet, Maize, Ground Nuts, Peas and Beans with Kacheri
Sub County having the most fertile soils and Nakapelimoru sub-county having the worst soil.
The soils in Kotido District are affected by many factors such as climate, elevation, type of
parent rock, vegetation cover, topography, aggravation, farming, land fragmentation and
erosion processes. All the soils of Kotido are low to medium productivity as a result of mono
cropping, frequent droughts and desertification. There is a lot of sheet erosion that occurs due
to torrential rain and due to the strong winds, that carry away top soil cover. The soil cover is
also changing due to ownership of large livestock populations in the district.
The soils within Kotido Main Market have a high water retention capacity, which leads to
stagnation during the rainy seasons.
5.2.2 Topography
Kotido District lies at the heart of Karamoja largest inland plateau which is a Pedeplain that
runs all the way from Kidepo Valley through Bokora to the foot of Mt. Elgon. Kotido is largely
a flat area (plateau) with numerous hills, some of which include Maaru, Kacheri and Toror
hills among others. The altitude/relief of Kotido ranges between 100m to 2500m (Mt. Toror)
above sea level. It is part of Central Karamoja which forms part of the plateau with several
stages of transition of the ancient basement rock. Kotido main market is located on gently
sloping land.
5.2.3 Vegetation cover
The vegetation pattern is typically semi-arid and agro-pastoral zones to the Eastern part and
typical Savannah tree and grass species to the West and Northwest along the borders with
Abim, Pader and Kaabong Districts. The district has experienced landcover degeneration
mainly due to;
• Clearing of land for agricultural extension,

• Tree cutting for fuel/energy like charcoal, fiber, traditional herbal medicine, building
and construction including dead fencing of homesteads and cattle kraals;
• Wild fires set by bush meat hunters and pastoralists for security and regeneration of
fodder;
• Un-regulated mobile pastoral grazing and overstocking of livestock;
• Lack of Local Government land-use policies, ordinances and bylaws to ensure
compliance to national and international legislative instruments on natural resources.
Of the plant species observed in the project area, there were no species of conservation
concern as listed on the IUCN red list (IUCN 2020).
33
5.2.4 Fauna
A Fauna survey thin the market revealed that there are no endangered species of animals/birds
within the project area. However, some animals were observed within the project site. These
included mainly domestic animals/livestock, insects, rodents and birds like the marabou
storks. No species recorded during the study is listed on the IUCN Red list (IUCN 2020).
5.2.5 Climate
Kotido is characterized by long dry spell from November to March with too much heat and
wind blows full of dust storms. The type of rainfall is mainly orographic with relief rain for
the hilly areas. All have torrential patterns of high speed, thunder storms and lightening. The
rainy season starts from April to August. It is about 519 mm per annum which is sparse, un-
evenly distributed and dependent on the local factors. There is marked minimum in June and
maximum peaks in May and July. The most common forms of precipitation are rain day
showers, early morning dews and occasional mists. The actual rainfalls are associated with
frequent thunderstorms and lightening. The daily temperatures range from 20˚C to 35˚C
degrees. The relative humidity can reach 60% between June and July.
5.2.6 Ambient air quality assessment
Baseline investigations at Kotido Main Market considered the following parameters:

particulate matter, PM (measured as particles with an aerodynamic diameter <10um (PM10)
and <2.5um (PM 2.5) both PM sizes important indicators of risk to health from particulate
pollution; combustible gases including; Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2),
Nitric Oxide (NO), Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
The results for the air quality monitoring are summarized in the table below and are compared
with the world Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) as well as the Draft
National Air Quality Standards, 2006.
Table 4: Air quality assessment results
Sample SO2 Hydrogen NOx VOC CO2 2.5ppm 10ppm

location and 500 Sulphide (40 5.0 (%)* (25 μg/m3) (50
parameters μg/m31 (μg/m3) μg) μg/m3)
15
East 0.0 0.0 0 4.2 0.0 12 19
West 0.0 0.0 0 3.1 0.0 13 23
South 0.0 0.0 0 3.2 0.0 11 21
North 0.0 0.0 0 2.1 0.0 10 16
1
WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines
34
Air quality assessment at Kotido Main Market

Figure 3: Air quality assessment at Kotido Main Market
Noise assessment
Baseline Noise measurements at Kotido Main Market were undertaken and the Noise results
were benchmarked to the general Environment in the National Environment (Noise Standards
and Control) Regulations, 2003.
The LAeq i.e the equivalent continuous sound pressure level with A -Weighting measured and
the summary of the results are summarized in the Table below.
Table 5: Noise measurements at Kotido Main Market
Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level with A-weighting

Sample locations measured (LAeq)
East West South North
Kotido market 56.2 58.2 54.5 55.3
Remarks
The noise measurements at Kotido Main Market were undertaken around the shops and
residential homesteads near the market. The noise sources included loud music from the local
shops near the market, cars (private cars and taxis), people and boda-boda’s.
35
Figure 4: Noise measurement at Kotido Main Market
5.3 Socio-Economic Environment
5.3.1 Population and demography
According to the 2014 population and housing Census, Kotido had a population size of
180,050 people. The Population density of Kotido was 49.9 people per Sq Km taking the
census population data of 2014. The population of Kotido like all other Karamoja Districts
has unevenly distributed population which is concentrated in urban centres and many rural
growth centers. The table below shows the population of Kotido by Sub-County and sex for
2014.
Table 6:Shows the population of Kotido by Sub-County and sex for 2014.
Sub- County HHs Average Male Female Total

HH Size
Kacheri SC 4,832 6.2 13,946 16,070 30,016
Kotido SC 4,822 7 15,877 17,809 33,686
Kotido TC 2,789 5 6,659 7,179 13,838
Nakapelimoru 3,217 8.2 13,131 13,381 26,512
Panyangara 5,528 7.2 18,834 21,124 39,958
Rengen 5,004 7.4 17,722 19,318 37,040
Total 26,192 6.9 86,169 94,881 180,050
Source: Kotido District Population Office, 2015
36
5.3.2 Land Tenure
Land tenure refers to all the rights provided for by a legal system, through which an individual and
groups gain access to land; while land tenure system is an arrangement or system which
determines and regulates the manner in which land is owned and utilized. An ideal system is that
which secures the best possible balance between the need to exploit the environment to satisfy
Man's present requirements and the necessity of preserving its capacity to satisfy the same needs
in future. A faulty system can result in continual degradation of the environment. Land tenure has
evolved through a number of stages with the most current one as per the 1995 Constitution being
leasehold, freehold, and customary tenures. The widest spread tenure system in Kotido district is
customary tenure. The right over land under customary system is regulated by the local people.
The land on which the proposed project will stand is owned by Kotido Municipal Council. (Find
proof of land ownership attached in the Appendix I).
5.3.3 Existing Utilities and Infrastructure
• Water supply
The project site has piped water supply system with one tap or point serving the entire market.
However, even if there is no reserve tank to serve the market during water shortages and no
provision for harvesting and storage of rainwater, the Developer should consider equipping the
market with reserve tank and a harvesting and storage of rainwater to ensure proper hygienic
measures at the market and avoid transmission of communicable diseases for all users of the
market.
Electricity supply
Kotido Municipality is connected to the national electricity grid. The main power source (three-
phase line) is approximately 200m from the proposed site on the side of the market view street.
However, it is imperative to install a standby power generator to enable a constant power supply
during operation of the proposed Market.
Access and communication
The proposed project site is strategically located and easily accessible by the vendors, buyers
and suppliers making it convenient for business as a whole. It is accessed by Lodon road from
the South, Market view Lane from the West, Abim Crescent (Labwor road) from the North and
Market Lane from the East. The location of this site makes it very strategic and convenient for
vendors, the community and business as a whole. The area is well covered by
telecommunication services especially Mobile Telephone Network (MTN) and Airtel.
37
6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
6.1 Introduction
This section presents the findings during for public involvement and stakeholder consultation
during the ESIA. Consultation with relevant stakeholders and regulatory institutions were
carried out by the ESIA Team to ensure participation of relevant stakeholders, as recommended
by the National Environment Act, 2019, the National Environment (Environmental and Social
Assessment) Regulations, 2020, and Conduct of Environmental Practitioners Regulations
(2001) and Guidelines for EIAs in Uganda. The aim of these consultations was to identify and
take note of environmental concerns and views of all the stakeholders at an early stage so that
appropriate mitigations are incorporated in the final implementation plan for the development
of the proposed Kotido Main Market. The table below shows a summary of the views from the
people consulted.
6.2 Objectives of stakeholder engagement
The public involvement and stakeholder engagement process will seek to achieve the following
objectives:
• Document the views and concerns from the project stakeholders including the local
community during the consultation phase.
• Identify potential impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring requirements through
discussions with the local community/leaders and lead agencies.
6.3 Stakeholder Identification
Project stakeholders may be defined in this case as those individuals or groups who are likely
to be affected by the proposed project, or have been entrusted with one or more of the resources
that will be affected by the project. Stakeholder identification mainly involves consultation
with project personnel and visits to the proposed project area to identify key resources and
potential project-affected communities. The photos below were taken during stakeholder
meetings.
38
Figure 5: Photographic representation of Stakeholder engagement with the local government and
market representatives.
39
Table 7: Public Consultations during the study
Meeting held Kotido Municipality Local Government and Kotido Central Market
with; Vendors Association
Purpose of the To obtain technical input into the Environmental and Social Impact
Meeting. Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed Kotido Main Market in Kotido
Municipality, Kotido district.
Date held and 23rd/September/2021
Venue Kotido Municipal Hall
Agenda ✓ Prayer
✓ Self-introductions
✓ Welcoming remarks by the mayor
✓ Opportunity to the consultants
✓ Expectations
✓ General discussion
✓ Remarks from the District chairperson, Member of Parliament and the
RDC.
✓ Closing remarks
People Present Market vendor association Kotido Municipal Team
• Lochoto Emmanel (Chairperson • Town Clerk
market vendor 0772370491) • Mayor
• Lotee Michael (Chairperson market • Chairman LC IV
vendor 0774813843) • Member of Parliament
• Kamusata Daso (vendor 0785250783) Kodito district
• Lokosowa Thommmas • Resident District
(Vendor 0782049697) commissioner (RDC)
• Ochen Richard Maleng (secretary Environmental and Social
Market vendor 0772938349) Team
• Mudiswa Harriet (Vendor • Agaba Derrick
0785928368)
(Environmentalist)
• Awilli Alice (Vendor 0772883006)
• Kato Halid
• Ekapel Hillary (Commercial
(Environmentalist)
Officer 0772697548)
• Pearl Katwesigye
• Chebef Patrick (Member Vendor
(Sociologist)
Association 0789608660)
40
RESPONSE TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS FOR THE

PROPOSED KOTIDO MAIN MARKET IN KOTIDO MUNICIPALITY, KOTIDO
DISTRICT.
Opening remarks by the Town Clerk.
• The Town Clerk welcomed the De-Zyn Forum and Environmental
Team to Kotido.
• The Town Clerk talked about the main aim of the project, how it is
intended to modify the current market, and once the market the
project is implemented, it is likely to change the face of Kodito and
change livelihood of people.
• The Town Clerk appeals to the leaders to support the
project from conception to implementation.
Brief history of Kotido market by the Town Clerk.
• Kotido market is the only market in Kotido district and it started
operating in the area where the town is or the Central business
district.
• In the 1990’s the market was shifted to the current location and in
1993 the market started developing.
• In 1994, Kotido town council took over the management of the
market from the district, and located lockups and space for
individuals.
• Over time, the market was expanded, roads around the market were
developed and the drainage was worked on.
• Currently the roads around the market have low level tarmac, with
solar security lights around the market.
• A lot is still lacking as compared to other markets. The market
covers over a total area of almost one and a half archers of land.
• Plot number 1 has lock ups, market sheds and open market stores.
Vendors operate outside the market because of limited space in the
market.
• Plot number 2 is registered as the taxi park and the lockups there
are privately owned.
• There is no uniformity of infrastructure, the lockups are partially
complete, and most of them are not wired.
41
• The market is served by access roads and unpaved grounds. Some

vendors are scattered around the town.
• The market has a functional market leadership known as the
market vendors committee. And governed by a strong technical
team consisting of the Town Clerk, the Deputy Mayor, the
Mayor, the Member of Parliament Kotido district and the
Resident District Commission RDC Kotido district.
• From consulting stakeholders, the consultant’s findings are
highly acceptable.
• We expect the DE-ZYN forum to do a good job and provide the
best design. Plots 8-14 cannot accommodate the market,
therefore, the market should be extended to cover plots 2-6. The
two are compatible. And besides there is another piece of land
that can act as the buss taxi park.
Comments/Views by Mayor Kotido Municipality

• We welcome the De-Zyn forum and the environmental team to
Kotido for this programme and were are fully supporting this
programme.
• The proposed project is highly welcome because it will benefit the
future of our children and the coming generations.
• The consultants should carry out their work expecting full support
from us.
• I want to ensure the consultants not worry about security because we
are now secure as a region.
Comments from the MP Kotido District

• The design should address environmental issues such as hygiene
and health for the users.
• The new market will attract influx of population in the area. All the
impacts of the increasing population should be addressed.
• The design should capture the need for our products such mutton,
beef etc to be sold favorably.
• The market should be designed to meet international standards
because
Kotido is boarded by different countries.
42
• The market should be designed for the two plots.

• Implementation of the project should be conducted in a
way that all stakeholders are engaged at all stages of the
project.
Comments from the RDC Kotido District

• The proposed project is a blessing to Kotido.
• Construction activities should be done in a timely manner
because we do not want to delay the project.
• The land for the project is available and we do not expect the
developers to face any resistance.
• The market should be designed as a one shop center with
saloons, restaurants etc.
• Every market is dependent on the design. Therefore, we hope the
design is of good standard.
DICLOSURES/ FINDINGS FROM ONE-ON-ONE
ENGAGEMENTS
Meeting held with Name and Contact Designation
Lokawa Mauro Innocent -0782013330 Physical planner
Key concerns and Consultant: Is the proposed location suitable for the new market.
recommendations Response:
• Basing on the standards and guideline for construction of markets, I

think the proposed location is suitable for the project.
• The site is near transport systems/ roads and that makes it more
suitable.
Consultant: Are there any concerns that you would like this ESIA to
capture?
Response:
• The design should cater for the provision of a flyover to connect
the two plots without destroying road.
• The design should incorporate a vehicle delivery yard and
parking.
• The design should cater for the lockups of the butcheries, and
crafts men and all the local vendors in the current market.
43
• The design should incorporate public toilets because currently

market vendors have walking long distances to ease themselves.
Most preferably flush toilets because in the future we will be
having sewer lines.
Consultant: Where is the waste collected from the market dumped?

Response:
• The municipal council has a dumping site which is about 7km from
the market.
Meeting held with Name and Contact Designation
Okidi Gasper -0772380231 Municipal Engineer
Key concerns and Consultant: Is the proposed site suitable for the new market.
recommendations Response:
• The site is suitable for construction because the soil is good and the
ground is firm.
Consultant: Is there any flooding in the market

Response:
• Yes there is flooding in the market but it is due to the poor drainage
but not because of the terrain. The water becomes runoff because the
soil has some clay composition.
Consultant: Are there any concerns that you would like this ESIA to
capture?
Response:
• The design of the market should make sure the structure meets the
space requirements for each vendor. The standard spacing for the
lockups in the market is 4metres by 4metres.
• The design should put in consideration of parking space for
customers, Lorries and other trucks to offload. The traffic of the
market should not interfere with other road users.
• The market is surrounded by four roads but one of them is marrum. I
would recommend that the marrum road should be tarmacked.
44
Consultant: Should the market extend to the second plot which is currently
a taxi park.
Response:
• Yes the market should extend to the taxi park. I would recommend
that the two markets should be connected with a flyover.
Consultant: Are there any other concerns that you would like to be
addressed.
Response:
• The design should also put provisions for garbage skips. That skip
area should be designed.
• The entry point of the market should be located at either market
lane or Labwor road since they are the busiest streets.
•
The road separating the market and the taxi park should not be
blocked.
Meeting held with Name Designation
Lily Lemukel -07054558887 Principal Community
Development Officer (C.D.O)
Key concerns and Consultant: What are some of the impacts you think the proposed project
recommendations will have on Kotido Municipality
Response:
• The market will bring people closer to each other and gather all the
vendors in one common place.
• We currently have 18 SACCOs and 257 associations which we
expect to benefit from the new market because all the members in
these SACCOs and associations are vendors in the market.
• Village savings and loan associations will benefit from the new
market.
• Business will grow because even the vendors working outside the
market due to limited space will be accommodated.
• The new market will boost development by bringing on board
traders from other places.
• It will avail more goods to the community and shoppers.
• The market will lead to improved security other than the current
challenges of every trader being responsible for their own security.
45
• Vendors will be clustered for easy access by the customers.

Consultant: What is the ratio of men to women in the current market?
Response:
• From statistics, women are more than men in the market

(approximately 70% are women).
• Consultant: Are there any cultural sites in the market that you would
like to preserve during construction?
Response:
• There are no cultural sites in the market.

Consultant: Are there any form of gender based violence in the current
market.
Response:
• There are issues of defilement among the vendors. Most of the

children in the market do not go home. They stay around to offload
and to do other casual jobs. The kids are paid inform of food from the
restaurants.
Consultant: What are the key concerns that you would like the design to
address?
Response:
• The design should cater for People With Disabilities (PWDs).
• We need a conflict resolution committee.
• We need good waste management systems because waste (garbage)
management in the current market is a very big challenge.
• There is need for a parking area.
• There is also need for recreation facilities in the new market.
Consultant: Is there any sensitization to the public mainly the sex workers
about HIV/AIDS.
Response:
• We have radio talk shows and public address systems sensitizing
46
people about HIV/AIDS.

• In the past, we started a restaurant to help the commercial sex
workers join better businesses but the restaurant closed and they
went back to their usual job.
6.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism

There will be a necessity to resolve conflicts swiftly in order to expedite the project's planning,
construction and operation phases. Therefore, a grievance redressing mechanism is essential for the
proposed construction of Kotido Main Market. This procedure will address this need in detail. The
objectives of the grievance process as explained in the subsequent chapter of these guidelines will
be as follows:
i. Provide affected people with avenues for making a complaint or resolving any dispute that
may arise;
ii. Ensure that appropriate and mutually acceptable corrective actions are identified and
implemented to address complaints;
iii. Verify that complaints are satisfied with outcomes of corrective actions;
iv. Avoid the need to resort to judicial proceedings.
Grievance management is an important step in community engagement. There had been and will be
community grievances throughout the project's various development stages. It is expected that all
such grievances be amicably resolved if the developer is to abide by the global and country specific
Social Safeguard guidelines. In practice, in similar compensation and resettlement activities, many
grievances arise from misunderstandings of the Project policy, or result from conflicts between
neighbors, which can usually be solved through adequate mediation using customary rules or local
administration at the lowest level. Most grievances can be settled with additional explanation efforts
and some mediation using customary dispute settlement mechanisms.
The purpose of Grievance management shall be to provide opportunity for the aggrieved parties to
resolve issues through arbitration and negotiation based on transparent and fair hearing. It will allow
the parties in the dispute to arrive at a win -win solution. Final outcome thus be that the extra judicial
systems will work smoothly and that number of disputes seeking interventions at the country
judiciary will be made minimal. The functioning of a proper grievance management mechanism is
a requirement in view of the above.
The overall management of grievances is the responsibility of the developer or/and the contractor.
The Project, thus, will put in place an amicable, extra-judicial mechanism for managing grievances
47
and disputes based on explanation and mediation by third parties. Procedures relevant to this
amicable mechanism are detailed below. It will include three different levels:
a) Registration of the complaint, grievance or dispute;
b) Processing of the grievance or dispute until closure is established based on evidence that
acceptable action was taken; and
c) In the event where the complainant is not satisfied with action taken by project as a result
of the complaint, an amicable mediation can be triggered involving a mediation committee
independent from the Project.
Managing grievances needs a clear and transparent procedure well instituted within the management
structure of the project. At minimum, such a procedure should consist of the following steps:
i. to receive the grievances,
ii. to acknowledge the receipt,
iii. investigation and resolution,
iv. Closeout and follow-up.
The need for maintaining a Grievance Register

There should be Grievance Register which would record all the grievances, complaints and issues
the stakeholders would wish to bring to the attention of the Developer or the Contractor. It should
be kept at a place where all will have easy access; preferably this should be placed at the office
(allocated for the Grievance Committee (GC)). It should contain the date of the entry, name and
contact details of the complainant; nature of grievance, Signature (on one side of the Register) and
actions taken to address or reasons the grievance was not acted on, the signature of the GC and
Complainant as to how the grievance was closed and date (on the other side of the Register).
Recording of the complaints into the Grievance Register
The following steps are to be followed when the complaints will be received: Receipt of complaint
(a verbal or in written) will be received by the Community Liaison Officer or any other officer (a
member of the Grievance committee).
The complainant can obtain the assistance from a member of the grievance committee to lodge such
an entry in to the Grievance Register.
The Officer Responsible or the GC member, who is at present, will communicate with the complaint
in a language acceptable to the complainant.
After lodging the complaint in the register, the officer recorded such complaint shall read to the
complainant what is recorded and sign the entry made into the Grievance Register
Formation of a Grievance Committee
48
At the local level, the village leaders and the LC (1) play a key role in managing disputes. The
Parish level committees formed for the management of disputes is the lowest level of accepted
forms of reconciliation board at which the complainants can have access to for justice if issues will
not be resolved at the village level. However in order to strengthen the village level reconciliation
of disputes specially over the issues arising from the project related matters, appointing of a
Grievance Committee has been considered a viable option according to the accepted practices. It is
expected that grievances depending on the complexity and nature can be resolved either at the site
level (during construction phase), at the grievance committee level or at the project developer's top
management level or at the judiciary level.
The constituency of the grievance committee and its role is explained in the following section. This
GC is to be considered the vital body which prevents any grievances to be heard at higher levels. In
parallel and where necessary, the GC holds meetings or other appropriate communication with the
complainant, with the aim of reducing any tensions and preventing them from escalating. During
closeout, the GC seeks to confirm that its actions have satisfied the complainant. During follow-up,
the GC, with the assistance of the Site Construction Manager or Market Chairman investigates the
causes of grievances, where necessary, to ensure that the grievance does not recur.
The composition of Grievance Committee is depicted below:
a. Representative from project communities – 03 Members
b. Representative of Women – 02 Members
c. Representative of the Local Government
d. Representative from the developer (MoLG) – 01 Member
e. Representative from the contractor (during construction) or representative from the market
(during operation) – 01 Member
The committee will be paid a seating allowance to be effective from first official sitting when
construction works commence. Members of the Grievance will be provided with training on conflict
resolution and given more exposure on procedures of managing grievances.
Performance Indicators in respect of the functioning of the Grievance Committee
Key interventions include:
Setting up of a Functional Grievance Committee;
Addressing employees, market vendors and communities’ grievances both during construction and
operation phases.
49
7 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
7.1 Introduction
This section identifies and describes alternatives, which were examined during the development
of the project proposal and design of the layout. The concept of alternatives includes waste
management alternatives, timing and duration of the construction works and site location. The
alternatives are compared in terms of potential environmental impacts, suitability under local
conditions among others. The alternative of not carrying out the proposed development is also
discussed in order to demonstrate environmental conditions without the project.
7.2 The proposed project option
The Environmental Project Brief has been prepared for submission to NEMA; facts, findings
and recommendations/proposals of which are based on the proposed project, site, design,
materials and proposed technologies discussed. This helps in evaluating and examining the
foreseeable effects of proposed project on the environment and therefore assisting in addressing
how the proposed development has to ensure that all environmental and social aspects are
complied with during establishment and operational phases.
Project implementation will facilitate trade, provide employment, improve people’s standards
of living, and contribute to tax revenue to the local and central government. Other positive
construction and operation phase impacts of the development are detailed in Section 8.
Weighing benefits against adverse impacts of the project, this alternative is the most preferred.
7.3 The “No Project” Alternative
Analysis of the “no project option” as an alternative provides an environmental baseline against
which impacts of the proposed action can be compared. This alternative means that the status
quo remains and no Market in the area. However, the alternative ignores all positive impacts
likely to be realized in the area and throughout the country due to the proposed establishment.
While the “No Project” Alternative implies not establishing the proposed project at all, and
maintaining the status quo, this would keep the current environment, social status in and around
the project site unchanged. In addition, this would erode the potential benefits associated with
establishment and subsequent operation of the proposed Market.
Therefore, from the above analysis, the no project alternative is not recommended since
maintaining the status quo is certainly not a guarantee of sound environment management at the
site. Consequently, the most important issue is the implementation of the predicted mitigation
measures in addition to adoption of sound construction and operation practices by the developer
during construction and operation phases.
7.4 Project Location Alternatives
The developer did not provide alternative sites for the proposed project. Therefore, one location
50
as described in Chapter 5 was assessed. The developer has already legally acquired the proposed
project site. However other key aspects were also considered in the evaluation of the selected
site. These included land conflict issue, environmental sensitivity, accessibility, project cost
among others. Displacement and relocation of vendors during construction of the market has
been planned by Kotido Municipal Council, it is described in 8.3.11.5.
7.5 Incremental alternatives
Incremental alternatives are modifications or variations to the design of a project that provide
different options to reduce or minimise environmental impacts. There are several incremental
alternatives that can be considered, including:
7.6 Timing and duration of construction works alternatives
These alternatives normally involve scheduling construction activities to times of minimal

impact to the environment for example if the overall aim is to reduce dust emissions, then the
contractor would choose to maximize activities during the rainy season or if the overall aim is to
minimize run-off, then the contractor would choose to carry out excavations during the dry
season.
The scheduling will follow a logical building order; however, there may be need to adjust and
phase the activities. For the earthworks, the intention is to minimize the excavation on site and
any consequent issues to do with soil erosion therefore the contractor will maximize the dry
season to carry out excavations.
Noise intensive activities during construction will be scheduled in a way to minimize the impact
of noise to the residents and so most of the noise generating activities will take place during day
time to allow community members to sleep at night.
The timing and duration of the construction work is likely to have a number of implications
especially if the rainy season is taken into account. Heavy rains not only affect the duration of
construction activities but also to some degree aggravate the footprint impacts of the
development. Much of the construction works will be carried out during the dry season.
7.7 Sourcing of supplies and construction materials alternatives
Material alternatives are normally considered when one material is known to be more dangerous
to the environment than another then the less harmful material would be opted over the more
harmful material in a way of material substitution. The proposed project will be constructed using
modern, locally and internationally accepted materials to achieve public health, safety, security
and environmental aesthetic requirements. Equipment that saves energy and water will be given
first priority without compromising on cost or availability factors. The concrete pillars and walls
will be made using locally sourced stones, cement, sand (washed and clean), metal bars and
fittings that meet the Uganda Bureau of Standards requirements.
Much as some of the inputs for the proposed project are of a highly technical nature and will
therefore have to be sourced from outside the proposed project area, it is important that some
supplies if locally available including labor are sourced locally. Construction materials such as
51
sand and hard core will be sourced from registered quarry and sand mining firms, whose Projects
have undergone satisfactory environmental impact assessment/audit and received NEMA
approval.
7.8 Waste management alternatives
Waste products will be generated by some of the project activities. Adequate waste management
options will be considered so as to keep waste to a minimum, and control pollution of the
environment. An integrated solid waste management system is recommendable. The developer
will give first priority to reduction at source of the waste materials. This option will demand a
solid waste management awareness program in the management and the workers.
Waste management alternatives available to the contractor include recycling/reuse or taking back
to supplier and disposal. At all times, wastes will be managed in a way that is environment
friendly and cost effective.
52
8 ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
8.1 Introduction
The proposed Market will have impacts on the surrounding environment, both positive and
negative. Whereas positive impacts should be enhanced, negative ones should be mitigated or
eliminated. This section identifies the potential impacts that could arise because of implementing
this project. Enhancement and mitigation measures have been proposed for positive and negative
impacts respectively.
8.2 Positive impacts during project implementation
8.2.1 Creation of employment opportunities
Kotido main market is expected to employ a big number of people during construction and
operation phases. During the construction phase approximately 50 workers including casual and
skilled labour will be employed while 1,400 direct employment opportunities will be created during
the operation phase. Employment priority should be accorded to the local people.
Enhancement measures
a) The developer and contractor should ensure that construction workers (employees) are
paid promptly.
b) A good working relationship should be established between the developer and employees
to avoid incidences of work abandonment, which would delay the operation of the
project.
c) The developer or subcontractor should do the greatest extent possible, employ people
from within the local community. This ensures security and sustainability of the project
since it will be highly supportive.
d) The developer should avoid child labour.
Impact Significance
Impact Enhancement Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probability
No Positive 1 2 6 4 36 Medium
opportu
Employ
nities
ment
Yes Positive 2 2 8 4 48 Medium
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility No
8.2.2 Provision market for local products
The concentration of people at the site especially during construction will come with increased
demand for food stuff for the workers. Currently, approximately 240 vendors in the market deal
food produce. The planned construction activities will therefore boost their businesses. Further
53
benefit will be realized by women who are expected to open up food vending kiosks in the
vicinity of the Market. Furthermore, during construction of the market and its components, some
of the material such as sand, lime, bitumen, water, cement and steel shall be sourced from the
nearby towns or trading centers thus increasing the suppliers’ income.
Enhancement Measures
a) Local people should be encouraged to start up small enterprises for example restaurants to
serve the site workers.
b) Most of the locally required materials should be procured from the already existing local
market establishments in order to increase the income levels of the local people.
Impact Significance
Impact Enhanceme Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probability

nt
No Positive 1 2 4 2 14 Low
for local
Provisio
market
n of
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibilit No
Y
8.2.3 Increased local revenue
The proposed market will gather vendors within Kotido Municipality in one central place making it
easy for revenue collection. The market will also attract vendors from the neighboring districts thus
increasing the amount of revenue being collected by the local government. Currently, the revenue
collected includes; market dues, stall/ pitch fees, garbage fees, sanitation fee, rental fees, off-loading
fees, ground rent, local service tax and trading license. In the financial year 2020/2021, the municipal
council collected a total revenue of UGX 63,473,150 from the market. With increase in the number
of vendors, there will be an increase in revenue collected. This revenue can be used by the district to
develop infrastructure and service delivery.
a) The developer should provide adequate stalls for the vendors.

b) The developer should register all the vendors in order to know their numbers and the estimated
revenue to be collected. This will reduce on the loss of revenue.
Impact Significance
Impact Enhancement Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probabilit

y
54
revenue
Increas
ed Yes Positive 5 4 8 4 68 High
Cumulativ No
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.2.4 Increased aesthetic value of the area
The proposed project will improve on the scenic beauty of the area. The developer proposes to
establish modern structures at the proposed site and this will contribute to the better view
provided by the neighborhood.
a) Ornamental flowers should be planted at the project site.

b) General cleanliness should be maintained at the market.
Impact Significance
Impact Enhanceme Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probabili

nt ty
aestheti
Increas
c value

ed
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility Yes
8.2.5 Improved development in the area

During operation, there will be an increase in the number of people in the area. This will lead to
an increase in demand for goods and services which in turn will increase the income of people
especially those in the locality of the project thus leading to development of the area. Some of
the services rendered in the municipality are hair dressing, tailoring and restaurant services. The
goods sold in the market are food produce, art and craft, clothes, plastics and both human and
animal drugs.
c) Project development should not interfere the establishment of these petty economic
activities within the neighborhood of the project site;
d) The developer should have a good-working relationship with the community.
Impact Significance
55
Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probabili

Impact Enhancemen ty
t
No Positive 1 4 2 4 40 Medium
ment in
the area
Develop
Cumulativ No
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.3 Negative impacts during the construction phase
8.3.1 Loss of vegetation
A flora survey at the site revealed the existence of two (02) trees within the proposed project
site at GPS Coordinates 3°0'19.63"N 34°6'46.07"E and 3°0'17.45"N 34°6'48.33"E. The trees
provide shelter for vendors, boda boda riders and other market users. The Tamarind tree
(Tamarindus indica) bears fruits which are eaten and sold to earn income. Site clearing will
lead to loss of these trees. Implementation of the suggested mitigation measures below may
reduce the significance of the impact from high negative to low negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Site clearance should be restricted to areas that will be required for construction.
b) The area should be reinstated by re-vegetation with local vegetation species.
c) The project may also support tree planting elsewhere within the municipality to
compensate for the lost vegetation.
d) Where possible, the existing trees should not be cut during site clearance.
Impact Significance
Impact Mitigation Nature Extent Duration Magnitud Probabili

e ty
No Negative 5 4 10 4 76 High
Vegetatio
Loss of
Yes Negative 1 1 6 3 24 Low

n
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili Yes
Ty
8.3.2 Noise Pollution
Noise will be generated during the construction of the Market. Sources for this noise include
operation of motorized equipment onsite and noise generated by site employees. The project area
has access to hydroelectric power; but generator use can be a source of unpleasant noise. If these
56
sources are not carefully controlled, there is likely to be a slight increase in the background noise
levels within a radius of 50 metres of the site boundaries. Noise measurements conducted at the
market indicate an average of an Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level (LAeq) of
55.9dBA. Excessive noise levels would lead to interruption of night sleep, hearing impairments
and increased stress levels to the nearest households. With the implementation of the suggested
mitigation measures below, the significance of the impact can be reduced from medium negative
to low negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Noise reduction mechanisms shall be employed such as using well-conditioned

equipment, switching off the ones that are not in use and silencer installation in some
equipment like generators.
b) Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds should be restricted to
normal working hours.
c) Working at night should be prohibited to avoid causing inconveniences to the nearest
residents.
d) Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 80 dBA
continuously for 8 hours or more should use the appropriate PPE.
e) Construction activities should be in conformity to the National Environment
(Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003
Impact Significance
Impact Mitigation Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probability
No Negative 2 2 6 4 40 Mediu
m
Pollution
Noise
Cumulativ No
e Impact
Reversibili Yes
Ty
8.3.3 Traffic Disturbance
Traffic-borne emissions include dust and exhaust fumes. Dust emissions will arise from
construction activities, earthworks and construction traffic especially along the site access
roads. The trucks used to transport various building materials from their sources to the project
site generate emissions of SO2, CO2, CO, NOx and particulates. The impacts of such emissions
can be greater at the construction site and within the communities.
Impact receptors include homesteads and shops along the transportation routes, roadside
vendors and construction workers. Considering that a few trucks will be involved during this
period, the impact is expected to be Medium Negative.
57
However, with the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures below, the significance
of the impact can be reduced to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Speeds for construction vehicles especially along marrum roads will be maintained at not
more than 50km/hr.
b) Trucks shall be covered during haulage of construction materials to prevent spillages
c) Construction equipment will be maintained in good operating condition to reduce
exhaust emissions.
d) Construction work should be undertaken by an experienced and registered contractor
with a C-ESMP.
e) Traffic signals and sign boards should be used at the entry and exit points of the
construction site.
f) Flag personnel should be deployed at the entrance of the site to alert road users about the
trucks entering and leaving the site.
g) Project vehicles should be moving off at peak hours where there is no heavy traffic.
Impact Significance
disturban
m
Traffic

ce
Cumulativ No
e Impact
Reversibili Yes
Ty
8.3.4 Human Waste Disposal Impacts
During construction and operation activities, human faecal sludge will be generated onsite by the
workers. Inadequate provision of sanitary facilities for use by construction workers can lead to
ad hoc defecation in secluded areas on the site, thus creating of unsanitary conditions, ground
water contamination and fly infestation. This can lead to disease outbreaks. With the
implementation of the suggested mitigation measure below, the significance of the impact can
be reduced from Medium Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) The contractor should construct clearly labeled gender appropriate sanitary facilities; 3
stances for Gents, 3 stances for Ladies and 2 stances for PWDs before the construction
works begin. Human wastes disposal will also adequately addressed at the relocation
sites of vendors during construction phase (see 8.3.11.5)
58
b) The district heath officials and market leaders should admonish the local community
against defecating in the bush and carry out regular sensitization programs about health
benefits from the right use of designated sanitary facilities/ toilets within the market.
c) The project design of the new market should put provision sanitary facilities/toilets.
d) Provisions should be made to ensure the sanitary facilities are user friendly for People with
Disabilities (PWDs).
e) The toilets should be gender sensitive and clearly labeled to separate those for females from
those for males
f) Provisions for regular cleaning of these sanitary facilities should be put on place.
g) Install hand washing facilities in the toilets and at the entry of the market;
h) Regular emptying of sanitary facilities should be carried out to avoid overflow of the
sewage.
Impact Significance
m
impacts
disposal
Human
waste
Cumulativ No
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.3.5 Fire risks
The proposed market faces a risk of fire outbreak, which may result in loss of lives and property.
Fire may result from smoking in or near fuel storage areas or throwing smoldering cigarette butts
onto dry combustible materials and improper electrical connections. The significance of the
impact is likely to be Medium Negative. However, with the implementation of the suggested
mitigation measures, the impact may be reduced to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
i) Fire suppression system to be installed by the developer to cater for fire emergencies.
j) The developer should encourage individual safety by providing adequate firefighting
gadgets at the site.
k) The fire emergency plans involve all the stakeholders in the neighborhood together with
Uganda Police Force.
l) Fire assembly points should be designated within the Market for human safety in case of
a fire outbreak;
m) Fire extinguishers should be placed at locations easily accessible (but safe) to the people
around and at the market coupled with thorough training of all the workers in firefighting
and safety skills.
59
n) Fire prone behavior such as smoking should be strictly prohibited and signs such as ‘NO
SMOKING’ signs should be displayed at fire prone areas. Smoking zones shall be
demarcated for inevitable smokers.
o) Fire escape routes should be provided for in the design and construction of this market.
p) Fire/smoke detectors and alarms should be installed.
q) Safety signage should be put in place denoting the sensitive areas around the facility
r) Periodic fire drills should be carried out to check the preparedness of the
work force and this should be documented.
Impact Significance
Fire Risks
Cumulativ No
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.3.6 Dust and air emissions
The proposed construction would cause temporary localized increase in air emissions. Emissions
would include fugitive dust from ground disturbance, combustion by-products from construction
equipment to the immediate residential surroundings and commercial establishments. These
emissions from construction vehicles and equipment will include air contaminants such as
nitrogen and sulphur oxides as well as particulates. Earth moving activities during construction
and offloading granular construction materials will be the main source of dust. This could be
worse if construction is done in the dry season. The significance of the impact is likely to be High
Negative. However, with the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the impact
may be reduced to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Regular water sprinkling should be done to contain dust emission.
b) The speed of the trucks carrying raw materials should be controlled at 30km/hr.
c) Kotido Central Market should provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for example
masks.
d) The developer should use well-conditioned and serviced equipment.
e) Monitoring of dust emissions, notably Particulate Matter (PM10), shall be carried out on
a regular basis.
Impact Significance
60
Dust and
emission
air
s
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.3.7 Solid waste generation
Waste will be generated during demolition of the existing market structures, construction
activities and operations at the relocation site. The types of waste that are likely to be generated
include; demolition rubble/debris, waste from the packaging material, construction debris – off
cuts, plastics and domestic waste from the food remains brought to the site by the construction
workers and market operations at the relocation site. Solid waste if not properly managed, can
lead to visual intrusion, public health risks, soil and water pollution. Poor waste management
constitutes a short term but reversible negative impact. With the implementation of the suggested
mitigation measures, the significance of the impact can be reduced from Medium Negative to
Low Negative.
Mitigation Measures
a) The developer should give priority to reduction at source of the waste generated through
awareness programs to the vendors and other market users.
b) Cut to spoil material should be used to restore the nearby open borrow pits.
c) Metal scraps should be periodically collected and sold to scrap dealers.
d) Sensitization of workers on waste management.
e) The waste generated should be collected by a licensed waste handler.
f) Waste should be separated according to type.
g) A waste management plan should be developed and implemented in a manner that
satisfies The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, S.I. No.47, 2020.
h) Notices for proper waste management/handlings should be posted at strategic points
within the market.
i) Priority should be given to recycling, reuse and recovery of the waste. This will call for a
source separation/sorting program to be put in place.
j) A vehicle/truck should be provided for transportation of waste to the dumping sites and
it should be well maintained and serviced.
k) Debris/rubble generated from demolition of the current market structures should be
inspected by relevant authorities to confirm that they are not harmful to the environment
and then be sold to interested people.
l) A certified waste collection company should be hired to collect the demolition waste for
proper disposal at designated areas
m) The Municipal Council should contract a licensed waste handler to manage the waste
generated at the relocation site
Impact Significance
61
Impact Mitigation Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probabili

ty
No Negative 1 2 6 4 36 Medium
Generatio
Waste
Solid

n
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility Yes
8.3.8 Soil erosion
The site clearing and stabilization activities will expose soils in the affected areas, leaving them
vulnerable to erosion by surface run-off during heavy rainfall. The size of the proposed site is
approximately 1.1607Ha (2.9acres). The area will be cleared for market construction which will
make it susceptible to soil erosion. With the implementation of the suggested mitigation
measures, the significance of the impact can be reduced from Medium Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation Measure
a) Loose soil will be compacted in order to make it stable hence reducing soil erosion.
b) Paving of all surfaces within the market.
c) Installation of adequate drainage facilities to direct water to the existing drainage
system.
d) The cleared areas without structures should be revegetated to minimize rates of soil
erosion.
Impact Significance
Impact Mitigation Nature Extent Duratio Magnitud Probability

n e
Soil erosion
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility Yes
8.3.9 Pollution of soil, surface water and ground water
Oil and chemical spillage and leakage at the site can result in pollution of the soil, surface water
and ground water. Runoff that is polluted with used oils can easily infiltrate into the ground hence
affecting both water and soil quality hence changing the chemical and physical properties of both
soil and water. With the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the significance
of the impact can be reduced from Medium Negative to Low Negative.
62
Mitigation measures
a) Machineries in good working conditions should be utilized during land clearance and
delivery of equipment and personnel.
b) A waste management plan should be put in place for management of different types of
waste.
c) A spill contingency plan including spill cleanup equipment should be put in place and
workers in sensitive area should be trained in their use.
d) Fueling and servicing of vehicles should be undertaken from only designated and lined
area.
e) Construction machineries and vehicles should undergo routine maintenance and
inspections to maintain them in good working conditions.
Impact Significance
Pollution
surface
of soil,
water
Cumulative Yes
Impact
Reversibility Yes
8.3.10 Accidents
The different forms of accidents that are likely to occur include: occupational, traffic and third-
party accidents. With the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the significance
of the impact can be reduced from High Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Vehicles ferrying materials to this site should have tarpaulins covering them and limit
their speed to 10km/hr while at the project site.
b) Road signage should be put in place along nearby community roads.
c) Site access should be restricted.
d) All operators shall be trained and skilled in their area of operation.
e) Provision of adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to all workers that is
commensurate with site activities, e.g., helmets, overalls, safety shoes and harnesses for
those working at height. It is important that PPE is used at all times whilst on duty and
penalties for lack of its use/improper use shall be clearly spelt out.
f) Sensitization should be done for the workers and community.
Impact Mitigation Impact Significance
63
Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probability

Accidents
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility No
8.3.11 Social impacts
The construction phase of the proposed Kotido Main Market is likely to have some negative
impacts on the socio-economic environment. These include:
8.3.11.1 Spread of Diseases
The proposed project is expected to generate an influx of migrant workers which will increase
the risk of spread of disease like HIV/AIDS, other STDs and other communicable disease like
COVID 19, Ebola, and Marburg. The impact of increased spread of diseases includes pressure
on local health systems, impact on community livelihood and social cohesion. Increased disease
prevalence would result into reversal of economic gains within the community and may reduce
the ability of the community to benefit from the proposed project.
Mitigation measure
a) As a contractual obligation, the contractor should have an HIV/AIDS policy and a
framework (responsible staff, action plan, etc.) which should be implemented during
Project execution.
b) The contractor should implement COVID 19 and Ebola SOPs in accordance with
Ministry of Health guidelines.
c) Periodic sensitization on STDs and other likely diseases.
8.3.11.2 Crime
A large influx of workers during construction increases tendency to crime such as prostitution,
drug abuse and theft. Concerns have always been raised about increased prostitution, theft and
drug abuse in areas as a result of new social activities specifically in nightclubs. According the
Uganda Police Annual Crime Report, 2020, a total of 602 cases were reported in Kotido District
38 of which were sexual related crimes. With an increase in population, such crimes may increase
if not mitigated.
Mitigation measures
d) The developer should implement the workers code of conduct.
e) Development and implementation of security plans should involve Local Council (LC)
leaders and police.
f) All workers should be orientated and sensitized about responsible sexual behavior within
the Project area communities.
g) Create awareness and build capacity within communities, workers, security agencies on
64
the dangers of crime to resist the temptation.

h) Capacity of local authorities should be enhanced to handle challenges associated with
migrant and immigrant workers.
8.3.11.3 Potential of child abuse and school dropouts
The proposed project is close to schools and settlements. It is likely that workers associated with
the project will engage in sexual relationships with school and under aged children. The young
school boys may end up working at the market in order to make money for survival hence
dropping out of school. Occurrence of such behaviours may reduce community support for the
project.
Mitigation measures
i) Cases of abuse should be reported to the police for investigation and prosecution.
j) Minimize the interaction of children with the workers, and closely monitor and report
worker’s behavior/conduct.
k) The developer should conduct awareness campaigns about the social risks in the project
area with the focus on schools and host communities.
l) The developer should be required to collaborate with communities to provide information
where child abuse cases happen.
m) The developer should be required to develop a child protection plan which should be
implemented in collaboration with community leaders, schools and districts.
8.3.11.4 Disruption of families
Sudden increase in disposable income may increase predisposition to extra marital affairs which
may result into school dropouts, single parents and increased risk of child labor. This is due to
workers exploiting the local communities taking advantage of high disposable income compared
to community members.
Mitigation measures
n) Administrative controls should be instituted to prevent unethical use of employers’
resources.
o) Awareness creation for community members on the challenges of additional disposable
income and how it can have a disruptive effect on the family.
p) The developer should be obliged to have Codes of Conduct for employees and anti-
retaliation policies.
q) Empower community leadership to be able to protect the rights of children, woman and
family norms.
r) Enhanced the capacity of local authorities to handle challenges associated with migrant
and immigrant workers.
s) Sensitization of community members on the challenges of additional disposable income
of migrant workers how it can have a disruptive effect on the family and therefore be
prepared
t) The contractors should have Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRMs).
u) The contractors should have regular community engagement meetings.
65
8.3.11.5 Displacement and relocation of vendors
The proposed site is where the current Kotido Main Market is located with 520 vendors operating
in the market. These will be relocated to a different site which will be identified by Kotido
Municipal Council. Whereas it will be temporary during the construction phase of the market, it
has created uncertainty among the vendors about relocation of their businesses. Some of the
affected people are not conversant with the land law and consequently compensation guidelines.
The affected people need to be guided on the law to avert psychological impacts to temporary
relocation and uncertainty relating to continuity of their business as project planning and
construction is being undertaken.
Mitigation Measures
a) Using several avenues including local and national media such as radio stations, TVs and
sensitization meetings, all affected peoples’ fears need to be addressed prior to relocation.
b) The intended land acquisition and demolition of structures should be used only for
construction of the proposed Kotido Central Market in the mapped project area and this
should be adhered to by the contractor and the developer.
c) The developer should institute a committee to handle grievances on displacement and
d) The developer should ensure that resettlement and compensation of Project-Affected
People will be carried out in compliance with Ugandan legislation and African
Development Bank Social Safeguards
Impact Significance

Displaceme
of vendors
relocation
nt and
Cumulative Yes
Impact
Reversibility No
8.3.11.6 Gender concerns
Gender concerns for the project particularly relate to infringement on the rights of women in the
workplace. The concerns include; sexual harassment, denial of employment opportunities,
physical violence, and male partners forcefully taking away women’s pay and lack of proper
public facilities such as toilets and shelter for their children as they work at the Market. Currently,
45.02% of the market vendors are women. The project will also employ women during
construction and operation phases. The above gender concerns need to be mitigated to protect
women workers and beneficiaries.
66
Other potential negative impacts on women include; exposure to STIs such as HIV/AIDS, sexual
exploitation of young girls and abandonment by partners in case of unwanted pregnancies.
Impacts related to gender are negative and highly sensitive however they can be effectively
mitigated hence making the overall impact moderate.
Mitigation measures
a) All workers should receive adequate briefing and education on the laws against defilement
and other sexual offences.
b) Display signs throughout the site making it clear that the work site is a violence free zone
and violence against women and girls should not be tolerated. The project should install
gender sensitivity facilities (toilets and bath shelters).
c) To the extent possible, there should be gender sensitivity in task allocation to the women.
d) Workers should be sensitized on their gender rights and responsibilities.
e) The Contractor should conduct gender sensitization to the work force on matters such as
gender sensitive communication and on the gender sensitive conduct of workers towards
women amongst others.
f) There should be an Environmental/Social Specialist to oversee implementation of the
gender action plan.
The significance of the social impacts is likely to be Medium Negative but, with the
implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the impacts may be reduced to Low
Negative.
Impact Significance
m
Impacts
Social
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.4 Negative impacts during the operation phase
8.4.1 Dust and gaseous emissions
Vehicular movement to and from the proposed Market could potentially generate fugitive dust
in and around the vicinity of the site. Also, likely to have a negative impact on air quality, are
the gases generated by the operational equipment and facilities such as generators, kitchen etc.
With the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the significance of the impact
can be reduced from Medium Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Revegetation should be carried out on all unpaved surfaces.
67
b) Water sprinkling should be done to contain dust emission.

c) Regular monitoring of air quality.
d) All equipment should undergo routine maintenance.
Impact Significance
m
Dust and
emissions

air
Cumulative Yes
Impact
Reversibility No
8.4.2 Noise emissions
Noise will be generated from a series of activities and equipment at the facility. The noise
measurements conducted at the market indicated an average of an Equivalent Continuous Sound
Pressure Level (LAeq) of 55.9dBA. This is anticipated to increase with the new market due to
increased operations like traffic, iron works, water pumps, carpentry works, generators and other
machinery in the area. The main noise receptors are workers at the market and neighbors but
with the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the significance of the impact can
Mitigation measures
a) The generator should be fitted with noise suppressor equipment.
b) Workers should be supplied with personal protective equipment (ear pads) in order not
to impair on their health as a result of over exposed to noise.
c) Regular noise assessment should be carried out.
d) Kotido Main Market should carry out periodic maintenance of machinery.
e) Operation activities should be restricted to daytime.
Impact Significance
m
emissions
Noise
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
68
8.4.3 Poor Sanitation at the Market
There is a likelihood of poor housekeeping and littering within the market. Currently the waste
generated at the market is approximately 8.4 tons per day. It is managed by the municipal council
which collects and disposes it off at a designated landfill in Kapuyon village approximately 4km
from the market. With construction of the new market the market population will increase by
approximately 36.4% subsequently increasing the amount of waste generated. With the
implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the significance of the impact can be
reduced from Medium Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation Measures
a) Kotido Main Market should provide toilet facilities for the vendors and users at
the premises;
b) Install hand washing facilities (with water and soap) in the toilets and at the entry
of the market;
c) There should be a periodic training and sensitization on standard hygienic
practices;
d) There should be timely emptying of the septic tanks;
e) The developer should provide coded dustbins located within strategic locations at
the Market to enable waste segregation and effective disposal.
f) Waste generated at the facility should be disposed of promptly.
g) Training of workers on waste management.
Impact Significance
Impact Mitigati Nature Extent Duration Magnitude Probabili
on ty
Sanitatio
n at the
Market
Poor
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility Yes
8.4.4 Pollution of soil, surface water and ground water
Oil spills from the site equipment and structures such as vehicles, and generators have potential
to lead to contamination of soil, surface water and ground water of the project area. With the
implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the significance of the impact can be
Mitigation Measures
h) A comprehensive and adequate drainage system should be constructed to facilitate storm
water flow. The drainage system should be aligned to follow the natural drainage system
of the area.
i) Provision should be made for harvesting and storage of rain water to manage runoff and
69
minimize stagnation.
j) The drainage channels should be regularly de-silted and properly maintained for effective
functionality.
k) Paving should be done to reduce stagnation.
l) The drainage system within the proposed site shall be fitted with oil and grease
interceptors.
m) Onsite repairs /maintenance and fueling activities should be limited. These areas shall
be located away from drainage channels and surface water bodies.
Impact Significance
on ty
soil,
Pollution
surface
water

and
of
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility Yes
8.4.5 Health and safety of vendors and community
Risks to health and safety such as cuts and falls, electrocution, and accidents will apply to vendors
and community during market operation therefore the public health and safety of vendors and
the community at large needs to be taken care of. Implementation of the suggested mitigation
measures can reduce the significance of the impact from High Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
n) The Vendors shall be given induction training on the use of machinery, firefighting
and first aid services. This training should be conducted regularly during operation and
should be conducted by qualified safety personnel.
o) The developer shall develop and implement a health and safety policy.
p) A risk assessment should be conducted to identify the hazards that may be involved in
the operation phase and their mitigation measures to ensure that the activities are
completed safely.
q) The developer shall install firefighting equipment at the site to curb down any cases of
fire outbreak.
r) The market should develop an Emergency Response Plan and carryout periodic risk
assessments to identify the hazards and mitigate them.
s) A fully stocked first aid kit shall be procured and kept onsite to cater for emergency
injuries before the injured person can be transported for extensive medical attention.
t) A well trained first aider shall be available at the premises.
Impact Significance
Wor
kfor
and
Saf
ety
He
alt
of
h
70
Cumulativ No
e Impact
Reversibili Yes
ty
8.4.6 Fire outbreaks
Operation of the proposed Market will involve a number of activities that are prone to fire
outbreaks. Fire may result from smoking, improper electrical connections, hairdresser and kitchen
operations. Fire outbreak can be of risk to human beings and property. While economic
implication of the impact may be temporary, fatalities that could result from such a destructive
occurrence can be permanent. The significance of the impact is likely to be High Negative.
However, with the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the impact may be
reduced to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
u) All employees and vendors should be inducted on fire safety and undertake regular fire
evacuation drills.
v) The Safety Officer should be required to produce routine reports on fire safety
management and awareness.
w) The developer shall install firefighting equipment at the site to curb down any cases of
fire outbreak.
x) All potential fire hazard areas should be identified and mitigation measures put in place.
y) Install “NO SMOKING” signage in high fire risk, public and communal areas.
z) The market should have emergency fire exits well marked for all people.
aa) A well designated fire assembly point should be availed at the market.
bb) Storage facilities for all inflammable materials should be well labelled and precaution
signage posted.
Impact Significance
outbreak
Fire

s
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility No
8.4.7 Social impacts
Several negative impacts of the proposed Market operation phase were identified regarding
socio-economic environment. These include:
71
8.4.7.1 Spread of Diseases
The proposed project is expected to generate an influx of vendors, service providers, customers
etc which will likely increase the risk of spread of of spread of disease like HIV/AIDS, other
STDs and other communicable disease like COVID 19, Ebola, and Marburg. The impact of
increased spread of diseases pressure on local health systems, impact on community livelihood and
social cohesion. Increased disease prevalence would result into reversal of economic gains within
the community and may reduce the ability of the community to benefit from the project.
Mitigation measure
a) Kotido Municipal Council should have an HIV/AIDS policy and a framework
(responsible staff, action plan, etc.) which should be implemented during market
operation.
b) The developer should implement COVID 19 and Ebola SOPs in accordance with
Ministry of Health guidelines.
c) Periodic sensitization on STDs and other likely diseases.
8.4.7.2 Crime
A large influx of vendors and other market users is likely to increase crime such as prostitution,
drug abuse and theft in the project area. During the ESIA study, consultations with some vendors
revealed that there are cases of robbery within the market especially break-ins at night. According
the Uganda Police Annual Crime Report, 2020, the crime rate in Kotido is high at 602 cases
recorded in 2020. With an increase in the number of vendors and market users, there’s likely to
be increase in crime.
Mitigation measures
d) The developer should implement the workers code of conduct.

e) Development and implementation of security plans should involve local (LC) leaders and
police.
f) All market users should be orientated and sensitized about responsible sexual behavior
within the Project area communities
g) Create awareness and build capacity within communities, workers, security agencies on
the dangers of prostitution, theft and drug abuse.
h) Capacity of local authorities should be enhanced to handle challenges associated with
migrant and immigrant workers.
8.4.7.3 Disruption of families
Sudden increase in disposable income for vendors and other service providers increases
predisposition to extra marital affairs. This may lead to family breakdowns and increase in the
number of street children due to school dropout. This is due to vendors exploiting the local
communities taking advantage of high disposable income compared to other community
members.
Mitigation measures
72
i) Financial literacy programs should be put in place for all vendors and service providers
to minimize misuse of money.
j) Kotido Municipal Council should have Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRMs).
k) The developer should have regular community engagement meetings.
l) Awareness creation for community members on the challenges of additional disposable
income and how it can have a disruptive effect on the family.
m) Empower community leadership to be able to protect the rights of children, woman and
family norms.
n) Enhance the capacity of local authorities to handle challenges associated with migrant
and immigrant workers.
The significance of the social impacts is likely to be Medium Negative but, with the
implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the impacts may be reduced to Low
Negative.
Impact Significance
m
Impacts
Social
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.5 Impacts associated with decommissioning
Upon closure of the project, it is expected that the developer will demolish the market to pave
way of another land use activity within the project site. The likely impacts during the
decommissioning phase will include: waste generation, accidents, noise due to disassembling of
machinery, dust and unemployment.
8.5.1 Decommissioning waste
Demolition of the structures will result in large quantities of solid waste. The waste will contain
the materials used in construction including concrete, metal, drywall, wood, glass, paints,
adhesives, sealants and fasteners. Although demolition waste is generally considered as less
harmful to the environment since they are composed of inert materials, large quantities of such
waste may lead to release of certain hazardous chemicals into the environment. However, with
the implementation of the suggested mitigation measures, the significance of the impact can be
Mitigation measures
73
a) Demolished debris/rubble should be inspected by relevant authorities to confirm that they

are not harmful to the environment and then be sold to interested people.
b) A certified waste collection firm should be hired to collect the demolition waste for proper
disposal to designated areas.
Impact Significance
on ty
Decommi
ssioning
waste
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibility Yes
8.5.2 Accidents to the demolition workers
Demolition activities involve use of machinery which may cause injuries. There is also a
likelihood of injuries from falling objects, and scrap metal during demolition. This can cause loss
of lives if not mitigated. By implementing the suggested mitigation measures, the significance
of the impact can be reduced from Medium Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Demolition workers should be provided with personal protective equipment like helmets,
gumboots and overalls to protect against injuries.
b) A functional first aid kit should be kept on site in case of any emergencies.
c) Safety guidelines and regulations should be communicated to all demolition workers and
contractors and appropriate warning signage should be displayed around the site.
Impact Significance
Accidents to
demolition
workers

the
Cumulative No
Impact
Reversibilit No
Y
8.5.3 Noise due to demolition of structures and disassembling of machinery

The demolition and disassembling works will lead to significant deterioration of the acoustic
environment within the project site and the surrounding areas. This will be because of the noise
and vibration that will be experienced as a result of these works. Implementation of the suggested
74
mitigation measure, the significance of the impact can be reduced from Medium Negative to Low
Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) The site should be hoarded off prior to demolition to restrict the noise to the site.
b) Appropriate ear protection equipment like ear plugs should be provided to demolition
workers.
c) Demolition should be carried out during the day at the less noise intensive time.
Impact Significance
demolition
Noise due

of
to
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.5.4 Dust impacts
Large quantities of dust will be generated during demolition works. This will affect demolition
workers as well as the neighbors. With the implementation of the suggested mitigation measure,
the significance of the impact can be reduced from Medium Negative to Low Negative.
Mitigation measures
a) Demolition staff should be provided with appropriate PPE.

b) On-site dust should be suppressed by sprinkling of water.
Impact Significance
m
impacts
Dust
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
8.5.5 Unemployment
On closure of the project, employees at the proposed Market are expected to lose employment.
With the implementation of the suggested mitigation measure, the significance of the impact can
75
Mitigation measures
a) Sensitization of the employees and community about financial literacy.

Impact Significance
Unemploy
m
ment
Cumulativ Yes
e Impact
Reversibili No
Ty
76
Table 8: Impact Matrix for the proposed upgrade and expansion of the proposed Market
Activity / Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitude Probability Overall Overall

Nature of occurrence significance significance
without with
mitigation/ mitigation/
enhancement enhancement
POSITIVE IMPACTS
Employment Positive National Long term High High Medium Medium
Market for local Positive Local Long term High High Low Medium
products
Value addition of Positive National Long term High High Low High
agricultural
produce
Increased aesthetic Positive Local Long term High High Low Medium
value
Generation of Positive Local Long term High High Low Medium
revenue
Improved Positive Local Long term High High Medium Medium
development in the
area
Negative impacts:
CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
Pollution of soil, Negative Local Short term Moderate Low Medium Low
surface water and
ground water
Loss of vegetation Negative Site specific Long term Moderate High High Low
Noise Pollution Negative Site specific Short term Moderate Low Medium Low
77
Human Waste Negative Site specific Short term High Low Medium Low
Disposal Impacts
Fire risks Negative Site specific Short term High Low Medium Low
Dust and Air Negative Site specific Short term High Medium High Low
Emissions
Solid waste Negative Site Specific Short term Moderate Medium Medium Low
generation
Soil erosion Negative Site specific Short term Moderate Medium Medium Low
Accidents Negative Local Temporary High Low High Low
Traffic Negative Site specific Short term Moderate Low Medium Low
Disturbance
Social impacts Negative Local Long term High High Medium Low
Displacement and Negative Site specific Short term High High High Medium
relocation of
vendors
Negative impacts:
OPERATION PHASE
Pollution of soil, Negative Local Short term Moderate Medium Medium Low
surface water and
ground water
Noise Emissions Negative Site specific Short term Moderate High Medium Low
Risks of fire Negative Site specific Short term High High High Low
outbreaks
Dust and gaseous Negative Site specific Short term Moderate High Medium Low
emissions
Poor Sanitation at Negative Site specific Short term High High Medium Low
proposed Market
Health and Safety Negative Local Short term Moderate High High Low
of Workforce and
Community
78
Social impacts Negative Local Long term High High Medium Low
Negative impacts:
DECOMMISSIONING
PHASE
Decommissioning Negative Site specific Short term Moderate High Medium Low
waste
Accidents Negative Local Short term Moderate High Medium Low
Noise due to Negative Site specific Short term Moderate High Medium Low
disassembling of
machinery
Dust impacts Negative Site specific Short term Moderate High Medium Low
Unemployment Negative Local Short term Moderate High Medium Low
79
9 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
9.1. Introduction
The goal of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is to ensure that environmental
and socio-economic issues continue to be fully integrated into the decisions by the
developer/contractor while promoting resource allocation efficiency throughout the lifetime of the
project. This section provides a framework for managing and monitoring impacts for the life of the
project. It is designed to ensure that the mitigation measures in this ESIA, and in any subsequent
assessment reports, together with any license approval or similar conditions, are implemented. In
executing the project, the project proponent shall take all practicable measures to ensure that the
requirements and recommendations of this ESIA report are complied with.
The specific objectives of the ESMP include:
• To assist in ensuring continuous compliance with Ugandan legislation;
• Provide a mechanism for ensuring that measures identified in the ESIA mitigate potentially
adverse impacts and unforeseen or unidentified impacts are implemented until construction
is complete;
• Provision of assurance to regulators and stakeholders that their requirements with respect
to environmental and socio-economic performance will be met.
9.2 The Monitoring Plan

Monitoring will be undertaken to check progress and the resultant effects on the environment as
the implementation of the project proceeds. During the construction stage, implementation of the
proposed mitigation measures shall form part of the contractors’ and developer’s daily routine.
These shall be checked against their effectiveness in reducing the negative impacts or enhancing
the benefits identified in the Environmental Social Impact Statement. Monitoring should also
include regular reviews of the impacts that cannot be contemplated at the time of carrying out
baseline study. Appropriate actions should be undertaken to mitigate any upcoming negative
effects.
Monitoring procedures will comprise formulations of enforceable contractual terms to ensure

contractors implement the ESMP. Also certifying a project completion and handover process
necessitates NEMA approval for environmental- social aspects.
9.3 Roles and Responsibilities
In order to enhance the potential for integrating sustainability concerns in the proposed Kotido Main
Market, it is important to assign clear roles and responsibilities to designated professionals,
contractors and/or sub-contractors’ representatives so as to ensure that environmental plans are
implemented effectively.
80
9.3.1 The Role of NEMA and Lead Agencies

NEMA will, in consultation with Kotido District Local Government, monitor all environmental and
social aspects of the project, with a view of making an assessment of any possible changes in the
environment and their possible impacts; the operation of the market with a view of determining their
immediate and long-term effects on the physical and social-economic environment.
9.3.2 The Role of Kotido Municipality

Kotido Municipal Council is vital in monitoring implementation of the project and ensuring its
sustainability. The Environment Officer will monitor the project and ensure that its activities are
implemented in accordance with the conditions of approval of ESIA and the proposed mitigation
measures are adequately implemented. The Community Development Officer will be in charge of
community mobilization and sensitization and identifying both positive and negative impact of
project. The local council leaders will introduce the contractor to the communities, assist in
identification of sources of raw materials and recommend local labour for employment. During the
operation phase, the council will be in charge of managing the market.
9.3.3 The Role of the contractor
During site preparations and construction, the contractor will be responsible for ensuring compliance
with all relevant legislation/ permit conditions issued as well as adherence to all environmental and
socio-economic mitigation measures specified in the Environment and Social Management Plan.
The contractor is also responsible for managing the potential environmental, socio-economic, health
and safety impacts of all contract activities whether these are undertaken by themselves or by their
subcontractors.
9.3.4 The Monitoring Team
It is recommended that a core team of people comprising of the Kotido District Environment Officer,
Physical Planner, NEMA Officials, Officials from the OHS Department in Ministry of Gender,
Labor & Social Development (MGLSD), Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries
(MAAIF) and the Local Environment Committee of the area’s Local Council (LC) should carry out
the monitoring process. The monitoring team will start its work during the site preparation and
construction process and continue throughout the operation phase till the end of the project and
should ensure that the proposed mitigation measures are implemented as suggested in this report.
9.3.5 Capacity to Implement ESMP
The Ministry of Local Government established a MATIP Programme Facilitation Team in charge of
administration and management of the project and project coordination at the national level. The team
includes Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialists; the Environmental and Social Development
81
Specialist, Community Development Specialist and Community Development Officer. The

Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialists will supervise implementation of the proposed
mitigation measures. At the District level, there is a Natural Resources Officer who will monitor the
project to ensure that its activities are implemented in accordance with the conditions of approval of
ESIA and the proposed mitigation measures are adequately implemented. Whereas at national level
there are 3 project officers whose attention would be required on all MATIP projects and are
supervisory, there is need for particular focus on environmental and social aspects of this project. We
therefore recommend that a project and site specific Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialists
be on-boarded.
Table 9 presents the proposed ESMP to ensure effective implementation of the proposed project in
an environmentally sound manner.
82
Table 9:Environmental and Social Management Plan for the anticipated impacts
PREPARATION PHASE
Displacement Sensitize all PAPs prior to relocation. Presence at the new location Checklists MoLG District Local Throughout 20,000,000 (for
and relocation for the market vendors Government construction monitoring)
of vendors Use the acquired land for construction Weekly Phase
of the proposed Kotido Central Market Presence of a GRM Market Vendors
Committee Association
Institute a committee to handle
grievances on displacement and
Resettlement and compensation of

Project-Affected People be carried out
in compliance with Ugandan
legislation and African Development
Bank Social Safeguards.
Influx of Sensitization of the communities about Awareness of the project by Monthly MoLG District Local Throughout 11,500,000
population the project before commencement the communities Government Preparation
Phase
All teams undertaking the pre- Presence of influx

construction surveys should undertake management plan
them at the same time
The developer should develop an

influx management plan to handle
population influx to the project area
Total 31,500,000
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
83
Soil erosion Ensure landscaping and revegetation Trees and vegetation Field inspections, Contractor District LocalThroughout 12,230,000
with green islands of improved grass around the site. Monthly Developer Government Construction
and ornamental trees on site after Phase
construction. Absence or occurrence of soil
erosion.
Loose soil will be compacted in order District
to make it stable hence reducing soil Evidence of Environment
erosion. functional silt traps. Officer
Installation of adequate drainage

facilities to direct water to the existing L.C.1
drainage system.
Leadership
The cleared areas without structures
should be revegetated to minimize rates
of soil erosion.
Ground clearance works will be

restricted to areas that will be required
for construction.
Loss of Site clearance should be restricted to Revegetated areas Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 27,800,000
vegetation areas that will be required for Weekly Developer Government Construction
construction. Phase
The area should be reinstated by

District
re-vegetation with local vegetation
species Environment
Officer
84
Noise pollution Noise generating construction works Observation of working Field inspections, Developer District Local Throughout 30,000,000
will strictly be carried out during day times and shifts. Daily Contractor Government Construction
time 8am – 5pm (during the least noise Phase
sensitive time). Earplugs provided to
workers.
Earplugs will be provided to workers in Health
areas with high noise levels. Well serviced and Inspectors
maintained machinery
There will be regular servicing of all with service
equipment and vehicles to ensure high documents. L.C.1
operation efficiency and less noise and
vibration. Leadership
Traffic Traffic signals and sign boards should Number of flag Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 13,700,000
disturbance be used at the entry and exit points of wardens in place. Daily Developer Government Construction
the construction site. Phase
Occasions of traffic
Flag personnel should be deployed at congestion.
the entrance of the site to alert road Supervising
users about the trucks entering and Engineer
leaving the site.
Project vehicles should move at hours

of low traffic.
Human Waste The developer should ensure that Presence of well- labelled Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 14,500,000
Disposal sanitary facilities are constructed on toilets at both sites . throughout the Developer Government Construction
Impacts the construction and relocation sites. construction phase. Phase
Presence of the soap and
Regular emptying of sanitary facilities water at both sites.
should be carried out to avoid overflow Health inspectors
of the waste. Clean toilets at both sites
The developer should provide soap and

water for washing hands.
85

The contractor should put in place

provisions for regular cleaning of
toilets
Risk of Fire Firefighting equipment such as fire Presence of the fire- Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 43,800,000
outbreak extinguishers and hydrant systems fighting equipment and PPE Monthly Developer Government Construction
should be provided at strategic on site. Phase
locations.
Records of fire
Regular inspection and servicing of the outbreaks. Police Fire
equipment must be undertaken by a Brigade
reputable service provider and records Presence of fire
of such inspections maintained. response plans.
Fire prone behavior should be Presence of

prohibited and signage such as “NO fire assembly point.
SMOKING” must be prominently Presence of
displayed within the premises.
cameras and security
Install security cameras and hire personnel
security personnel to prevent access of
the site by arsonists.

individual safety by providing
adequate PPE for firefighting.


designated;
86
Fire safety training and drills for the

workforce.
Dust and air Water sprinkling should be done to Complaints from the Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 11,000,000
emissions contain dust emission. community Monthly Developer Government Construction
Phase
The site should be hoarded off. Regular air quality
monitoring results
The speed of the trucks carrying raw Health
materials should be controlled at Workers in PPE Inspectors
30km/hr.
Maintenance schedule of
Provide PPE for workers e.g. nose construction equipment
masks.
Sprinkled ground
Use well-conditioned and serviced
equipment. Presence of speed limit
warning signs
Monitoring of dust emissions, notably
Particulate Matter
(PM10), shall be carried out on a

regular basis.
Solid waste Cut to spoil material should be used to Presence of a construction Field inspections, Contractor District Local Throughout 36,000,000
generation restore the nearby open borrow pits. waste management plan Weekly Developer Government Construction
Phase
Development and Waste bins at the
implementation of a construction and relocation
construction waste management plan. site Health
The waste management plan should Inspectors
also take into consideration waste Contracted waste handling
generated during the demolition of old company
market, the relocation site of vendors Quantity of waste generated
87
and the construction site of the new

market.
Metallic scrap / offcuts should be

periodically collected and sold to scrap
dealers.
Sensitization of workers on waste

management.
The waste generated should be

collected by a licensed waste handler.
Waste should be separated according

to type.
Debris/rubble generated from

demolition of the current market
structures should be inspected by
relevant authorities to confirm that
they are not harmful to the
environment and then be sold to
interested people
A certified waste collection company

should be hired to collect the
demolition waste for proper disposal at
designated areas
The Municipal Council should contract

a licensed waste handler to manage the
waste generated at the relocation site
88
Risk of Vehicles ferrying materials to the site Accident Records Weekly Inspection Contractor District Throughout 22,500,000
Accidents should have tarpaulins covering them Developer Construction
and limit their speed to 10km/hr while Complaints from the Local Phase
at the project site. community Government
Road signage should be put in place Presence of a first aid kits

along nearby public roads. Signage communicating Supervising
Site access should be restricted. safety Engineer
Provision of adequate protective gear Workers in PPE

to all workers.
A fully equipped first aid box should be

in all project vehicles and at the project
site.
Sensitization should be done for the

workers and community.
Soil and water Construction machineries and vehicles Oil spillage Monthly Contractor District Local Throughout 17,000,000
pollution should undergo routine maintenance Inspection Developer Government Construction
and inspections. Soil and water Phase
analysis results Health
A waste management plan should be Inspectors
put in place for management of Complaints from the
different types of waste on community Environment
construction and on relocation sites. officer
A spill contingency plan including spill

cleanup equipment should be put in
place and workers in sensitive area
should be trained in their use.
Machinery used during land clearance

and delivery of equipment and
89
personnel should be in good working

condition.
Social impacts Capacity of local authorities should be Number of workers oriented Weekly inspection Contractor District Local Throughout 24,000,000
enhanced to handle challenges and sensitized. Developer Government Construction
associated with migrant and immigrant Phase
workers. Number of community
sensitizations conducted.
The developer and contractors should L.C.1
have grievance redress mechanisms Complaints from the
leadership
(GRMs). community and workers.
The contractor should develop and

implement a workers’ code of conduct.
Development and implementation

of security plans should involve local
(LC) leaders and police.

campaigns.

communities

within communities, workers, security
agencies.
Conduct annual Environmental and ESA Reports Annually Developer MoLG Throughout 22,480,000
Social Audits Construction (annually)
District Local Phase
Government
Total 275,010,000
90
OPERATION PHASE
Noise pollution Regular noise assessment should be Noise assessment records Market Developer District Local Throughout 4,500,000
carried out. inspections, Government Operation Phase
Market service providers in Weekly
The electricity generator should be PPE Health
fitted with noise suppressors. Inspectors
Complaints from the
Carry out periodic maintenance of community L.C.1
machinery.
Leadership
Health and The developer should develop and Presence of fully stocked Market Developer District Local Throughout 120,000,000
safety impacts implement a health and safety policy. first aid kits; inspections, Government Operation Phase
Monthly
Vendors and service providers shall be Presence of a sickbay/clinic; Health
given induction trainings. Inspectors
Risk assessments carried
A risk assessment should be conducted out; Supervising
to identify the hazards and mitigate engineer
them. Installed firefighting
equipment;
The developer shall install firefighting
equipment at the site to curb down any Presence of rain water
cases of fire outbreak. harvesting tanks and
associated facilities like
A fully stocked first aid kit shall be gutters and pipes.
procured and kept onsite to cater for
emergency injuries before the injured
person can be transported for extensive
medical attention.
A well trained first aider shall be

available at the site.
Rain water harvesting and water tank

for proper sanitary and health
91
conditions around the market e.g. hand

washing, cleaning.
Human Waste The developer should ensure that Presence of well- labelled Market Developer District Local Throughout 16,000,000
Disposal sanitary facilities are constructed on toilets at the site. inspections, Government Operation Phase
Impacts the site/market. Monthly
Presence of the soap and Health
Regular emptying of sanitary facilities water on site/market. Inspectors
should be carried out when needed to
avoid overflow of the waste. Clean sanitary facilities at L.C.1 leadership
the market
The developer should provide washing
hands facilities with soap and water.

The developer should put in place

measure to ensure regular cleaning of
the sanitary facilities
Fire outbreaks Firefighting equipment such as fire Number of fire Market Developer District Local Throughout 32,000,000
extinguishers and hydrant systems incidents reported inspections, Government Operation Phase
should be provided at strategic
locations. Presence of certified Monthly Police fire
electricians. brigade
Regular inspection and servicing of the
equipment must be undertaken by a Installed firefighting
reputable service provider and records equipment.
of such inspections maintained. Presence of fire response
Fire prone behavior should be plans.
prohibited and signage such as “NO Presence of fire assembly
SMOKING” must be prominently point.
displayed within the premises.
92
Install security cameras and hire Presence of cameras and

security personnel to prevent access of security personnel
the site by arsonists.
.
individual safety by providing
adequate PPE for firefighting.


designated
Dust and air Revegetation should be carried out on Complaints from the Market Developer District Local Throughout 9,800,000
emissions all unpaved surfaces. community; inspections, Government Operation Phase
monthly
Water sprinkling should be done to Regular air quality
contain dust emission. monitoring results;
Health
Regular monitoring of air quality. Market service providers in Inspectors
PPE
All equipment should undergo routine
maintenance.
Social impacts Develop and implement an HIV/AIDS Number of vendors oriented Market Developer District Local Throughout 16,500,000
policy. and sensitized. inspections, Government Operation Phase
weekly
The developer should implement Number of community
COVID 19 and Ebola SOPs sensitizations conducted.
Health
Periodic sensitization on STDs and Complaints from the Inspectors
other likely diseases community and vendors.
The developer should implement the Observation of COVID 19

workers code of conduct. and Ebola SOPs L.C.1
leadership
93

campaigns.

within communities, workers.
Capacity of local authorities should be

enhanced to handle challenges
associated with migrant and immigrant
workers.
The developer and contractors should

have GRMs.

communities

Social Audits Operation Phase (annually)
District Local
Government
Total 221,280,000
DECOMISSIONING PHASE
Noise The site should be hoarded off prior to Noise assessment records. Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 2,900,000
demolition to restrict the noise to the Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
site. Workers in PPE; g Phase
Appropriate ear protection equipment

like ear plugs should be provided to Health
demolition workers. Inspectors
94
Demolition should be carried out

during the day at the less noise
intensive time.
Decommissi Demolished rubble should be sold to Presence of a licensed waste Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 5,000,000
oning wastes interested people. handling company; Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
g Phase
A certified waste collection firm Health
should be hired to collect the Inspectors
demolition waste for proper disposal to
designated areas.
Accidents Demolition workers should be Workers in PPE; Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 10,700,000
provided with protective Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
equipment like helmets, Presence of a first aid kits; Supervising g Phase
gumboots and overalls to protect Presence of safety signage Engineer
against injuries.
A functional first aid kit should be kept

on site in case of any emergencies.
Safety guidelines and regulations

should be communicated to all
demolition workers and contractors and
appropriate warning signage should be
displayed around the site.
Unemployment - Sensitization of the employees and Sensitization schedule. Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 5,000,000
community about alternative sources Weekly Developer Government Decommissionin
of employment and income g Phase
L.C.1
Leadership
Dust Demolition staff should be provided Workers in PPE; Site inspection, Contractor District Local Throughout 3,000,000
with appropriate PPE. Daily Developer Government Decommissionin
Fenced/ hoarded site g Phase
95
On-site dust should be suppressed by Complaints from Health

sprinkling of water. community Inspectors
Total 26,600,000
Overall Total 554,390,000
96
10 TENTATIVE DECOMMISSIONING AND RESTORATION PLAN
10.1 Introduction
This Decommissioning and Restoration Plan describes how Kotido Main Market proposes to restore
the project site to a clean and safe condition suitable for the likely future use of the land upon
decommission of the project. The report provides an overview of all anticipated activities during
decommissioning and rehabilitation phase of the project and outlines mitigation measures to address
potential negative environmental effects as a result of these activities. It discusses the restoration of
land and the management of excess materials and waste.
10.2 Purpose
This Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Plan (DRP) is a set of guidelines and actions aimed at
ensuring that decommissioning and rehabilitation activities will be undertaken in a manner that
minimizes environmental, social, health and safety (EHSS) risks. Some aspects of the DRP will be
implemented during construction as some excavated areas will be restored immediately but most of
the commitments in this plan will be implemented when construction / operation activities cease.
The Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Plan will be reviewed and approved by NEMA and the
Project Manager prior to implementation.
10.3 Objectives
The Plan is intended to achieve the following objectives:

a) To comply with NEMA and the legislative and regulatory requirements for a
decommissioning and rehabilitation plan;
b) To identify measures to rehabilitate land disturbed during construction operations;
c) To identify measures to rehabilitate land once the project is decommissioned;
d) To investigate possible measures to manage materials and waste (including any hazardous
wastes) arising from decommissioning activities.
10.4 Scope of Decommissioning and Restoration Plan
This plan applies to the areas of influence and any other disturbed areas due to project
activities. Areas of influence for decommissioning and rehabilitation shall include but not
limited to;
• Access roads;
• Vendor stalls;
• Cut to spoil dumping sites;
• Sanitary facilities;
97
• Perimeter fence.
• Opened up adjacent areas to the market.
• Office structures.
10.5 Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Activities
Decommissioning will consist of the removal of above- and below-ground facility components,
management of excess wastes and materials, rehabilitation and restoration of project location lands
and waters, wherever applicable. The exact procedures for decommissioning of the project will
depend upon the intended future use of the project site. Decommissioning activities are expected to
take between 1 – 2 months.
Potential negative environmental effects from decommissioning of the facilities will be mitigated
through the measures outlined in Table 2 of this DRP. These measures include the use of erosion
and sediment control measures, maintaining a buffer from natural features, and rapidly establishing
a vegetative cover on disturbed areas. The Developer’s Environmentalist will be responsible for
monitoring and supervising site practices and procedures.
10.5.1 Demolition Works
Upon decommissioning of the proposed Market components, a good amount of solid waste will be
generated after demolition. The wastes shall be reused or if not, disposed of appropriately by a
licensed waste disposal company.
10.5.2 Dismantling of Equipment and Structures
• All equipment/structures will be dismantled and removed from the site. Priority will be given
to reuse this equipment and some wastes in other projects. This will be achieved through sale
of the waste/equipment to other Contractors or individuals or transfer of the equipment to
another site.
• Concrete platforms will be broken up and rubble taken to an appropriate waste disposal site
(nonhazardous rubble will be used to backfill borrow pits). The exposed surface will be
checked for contaminants and if any is found, the contaminated soil will be removed along
with the concrete to the waste disposal site. The revegetation process as described in section
2.1.1 below will then be followed.
10.5.3 Restoration of the proposed Market Site
• Through the decommissioning phase, the project location will be restored to a state similar
to its former condition or to a condition required for the future intended land use, almost
certainly construction.
• Once all the waste resulting from demolition and dismantling works is removed from the
site, the site will be restored through replenishment of the topsoil and revegetation using
indigenous plant species.
• The general restoration of the proposed Market will entirely involve re-grading of the land
98
as appropriate, to maintain natural drainage patterns and the planting of vegetation suitable
for erosion/sediment control and soil fertility.
• More indigenous tree species will be planted to restore the aesthetic beauty of the site.
10.5.4 General Re-vegetation Process
The basic re-vegetation steps which will be implemented are detailed below.
Step 1: Preparing the area to be re-vegetated for top soiling
This may require soil ripping, scarifying and/or digging of steps or terraces. The scarification shall
take place to a minimum depth of 150 mm. If ridges are formed, they shall be approximately 100mm
high and 400mm wide.
Step 2: Placing stockpiled topsoil on areas to be re-vegetated
This will be done to a minimum depth of 150mm, spread when dry by means of hand raking and
trimmed to a uniform thickness.
Step 3: Applying organic manure when improving soil conditions
This will be done to a minimum depth of 150 mm.
Step 4: Planting fresh and good quality material
Indigenous grass sods will be placed close together and level with each other. Gaps between the sods
shall be filled in with topsoil. A light cover of top dressing may be required to encourage growth and
establishment. Where sods will be obtained from land being affected by the construction process,
there may not be enough sods for close packing. In this situation, the sods will be placed in strips
about 1meter wide and spaced up to 2meters apart (depending on soil and slope conditions).
Step 5: Mulching to protect the seeded area from erosion
The mulch will be composed of straw or other material of cellulose origin and will be harvested
before seeding and dried to make it free of undesirable seeds. The mulch will not be in an advanced
state of decomposition as it could smother growth. The mulch will be applied to a depth and density
that will prevent erosion by wind and water, but not completely block out the access of sunlight to
the soil or prevent penetration by young plants.
Step 6: Enclosing re-vegetated areas
This will be done to prevent excessive trampling and any other factors that might cause erosion.
Step 7: Temporary and permanent drainage protection
These will be installed prior to commencement of the re-vegetation process.
Step 8: Plant rescue
99
All plants rescued during the site clearing process will be reintroduced onto the site where possible.
These shall be replaced in soil and slope conditions similar to those from which they were originally
removed.
Step 9: Irrigation of re-vegetated areas
Re-vegetated areas will be irrigated on a regular basis, or as required depending on weather

conditions.
• All temporary ablutions will be removed from site.
• Compacted and un-compacted earth platforms, as well as temporary access roads required
during construction, will be rehabilitated according to the prescribed rehabilitation and re-
vegetation method.
• All surplus soil and materials, plants, sheds, offices and temporary fencing shall be
removed, post holes filled and the surface of the ground restored as near as practicable to
its original condition.
10.6 Managing excess materials and waste during decommissioning
During the decommissioning of the proposed Market, a variety of materials and wastes will be
generated. Where possible, materials will be reused or recycled. Waste materials for disposal will
be removed and transported to the nearest disposal facility for safe disposal. Recyclable materials
will be transported off-site by trucks and managed at appropriate facilities in accordance with waste
management regulations. It is not anticipated that any waste materials will be left on-site. All
concrete and all underground sewage pipes will be removed entirely from the site.
Kotido Main Market will maximize recycling and reuse and will work with manufacturers, local
subcontractors and waste firms to segregate material to be recycled, reused and/or disposed of.
Table 10: Management of Excess Materials and Waste
Material/Waste Means of Managing Excess Materials and Waste
Excess Debris • Any remaining debris on the site will be separated into
recyclables/wastes and will be transported from the site and
managed as appropriate.
Metallic Containers • All metallic containers will be transported offsite and kept for
future use by the developer
100
Gravel (or other • The granular will be tested for contamination prior to removal. It
granular) is possible that the district may accept uncontaminated material
without processing for use on local roads, however, for the
purpose of this plan it is assumed that the material will be
removed from the project location by trucks to a location where
the aggregate can be processed for salvage. It will then be reused
as fill for construction. In the unlikely event that the aggregate or
portions of the aggregate is contaminated it will be transported
to the approved disposal facility.
Metal array and steel • These materials will be recycled offsite at an approved facility.
Table 11:Proposed Mitigation and Monitoring Measures for the Negative Environmental and Social
Impacts during Decommissioning and Rehabilitation
Mitigation/Control Specific Actions to include Monitoring

Responsibility
Measures
Soil erosion control • Replant native vegetation in disturbed Developer/

measures areas immediately following construction; Contractor
• Implement soil erosion control measures;
Consultant
• Minimize soil disturbance and excavations;
• Implementation of other measures set out
in the ESMP.
Health and Safety • Inform local communities of major Developer/
hazard control activities in advance; Contractor
• Ensure all areas for demolition are fenced
Consultant
off;
• Prohibit public access on the sites
• All workers at the site shall be required to
wear appropriate protective equipment.
Site Access • Prohibit access to the areas under Developer/ Contractor
demolition/rehabilitation by the public;
Management Consultant
• Prohibit development of spur roads off
main access roads;
• Erect safety signs to warn off the public.
101
Pollution control • Spray project areas regularly with water to

measures suppress dust emissions;
Developer/ Contractor
• Monitor dust emissions and noise levels in
settlements adjacent to decommissioning Consultant
activities;
• Observe maintenance and service
schedules for equipment and vehicles to
avoid any spillages and fumes.
Accident risk • Ensure drivers respect speed limits;
control • Ensure that vehicles are regularly Developer/
maintained to minimize potentially serious Contractor
accidents such as those caused by brake Consultant
failure commonly associated with loaded
construction trucks;
• Employ safe traffic control measures
including temporary road signs and flag
persons to warn off dangerous conditions
and children crossing.
• Provide appropriate PPE to workers on site
Soil Protection • Minimize soil disturbances and Developer/
excavations; Contractor
• Clean up any remaining oil or other spills Consultant
and construction waste from site;
• Placing of topsoil on all disturbed areas
(minimum depth 150 mm) and re-grass or
re-vegetate the area.
Noise Control • Respect normal working hours in or close Developer/

to residential areas. Contractor
• Maintain equipment in good working order Consultant
so that extraneous noises from mechanical
vibration, creaking and squeaking are NEMA
reduced to a minimum.
• Shutting down equipment when it is not
directly in use (except where the equipment
is required to run continuously).
• Hearing protection for those working
around machinery where the noise exceeds
80db
• Regular inspections by the Contractor’s
102
Environmentalist and Supervising

Environmentalists, and third-party
monitoring by regulatory agencies.
Dust and Air • The complete sheeting of the sides and top Developer/
Pollution of all vehicles carrying spoil and other Contractor
dusty materials; Consultant
• Limit vehicle speeds on unpaved surfaces
• to 30 kph;
• Dust masks and eye protection against dust,
splinters, debris shall be provided to
workers;
• Dust suppression methods such as wetting
materials or slowing work should be
• employed as needed to avoid visible dust.
Site • The Contractor shall liaise with the SE and Developer/

Boundaries/Hoa the Client to decide upon which (if any) Contractor
rding areas of the site should be fenced from Consultant
public ingress.
Community • All access roads used for transportation of Developer/

Access Roads material shall be repaired by filling, Contractor
levelling and compacting existing and Consultant
newly created potholes.
Disposal of • Opportunities for recycling and/or re-use Developer/
Waste and shall be given first priority Contractor Kotido
Contaminated • Contractor and Kotido District District
Materials Environment Officer will work together to Environment Officer
facilitate sound waste handling and
disposal from the site to approved dumping
areas;
• A licensed waste oil disposal company
should undertake waste oil management.
• Some construction rabble shall be used for
rehabilitation operations
103
Protection of • Selective removal of lower branches in an Developer/

Mature Trees approved manner, to reduce mechanical Contractor
damage by equipment; Consultant
• Use of matting around the root zone to
prevent excess soil compaction;
• The use of fence around the trunk to
prevent damage; and rehabilitation
activities shall be controlled in the vicinity
of all trees so as to minimize excessive
compaction of the ground beneath the
entire canopy of the tree.
Tree • Any tree that is damaged or cut down Developer/
Replacement without approval or dies as consequence of Contractor
the decommissioning shall be treated or be Consultant
replaced by a suitably sized transplant to
the approval of Supervising Engineer.
10.7 Decommissioning Notification
Decommissioning activities may require the notification of stakeholders given the potential for
increased noise, vibration and traffic flow at the project location. The Kotido District Authorities
and residents in particular will be notified prior to commencement of any decommissioning activities
to discuss the potential for activities to interfere with traffic on local roads or any other services.
In accordance with NEMA requirements, two months prior to decommissioning, Kotido Main
Market will update their list of stakeholders and notify, as appropriate, of decommissioning
activities. Land owners, the Project Manager, vendors, residents and local authorities will be
notified, as needed to discuss the potential approvals required to engage in decommissioning
activities. Once the project components have been fully decommissioned, all stakeholders listed in
the Document will be notified. This will allow those parties to make the appropriate changes to their
own plans and organization.
104
11 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The evaluation of project alternatives concluded that construction of Kotido Main Market as
described in this report is beneficial and environmentally sound. However, implementation of the
proposed project will result into both positive and negative impacts. Most of the identified positive
impacts would be of high significance while most of the negative impacts identified would be of
minor significance.
Mitigation measures to all predictable negative impacts associated with the proposed market have
been adequately provided in Chapter 8 and are found to be appropriately practical. Following this,
an ESMP has been designed for use by Kotido Main Market in implementing the proposed
mitigations. The study team therefore recommends that the proposed project is approved on
condition that the measures and recommendations proposed in this report to mitigate/eliminate the
adverse impacts are adhered to during the project implementation.
If the developer wishes to add any other component into the project designs which was not
considered under this assessment, a separate Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (as an
addendum) for the additional component should be undertaken to determine its compatibility with
the immediate environment and social set-up of the area.
In the event that the project is implemented, the developer or his contractor should ensure that any
impacts not contemplated at this stage are quickly addressed and adopted as part of the ESMP.
In compliance with the National Environment (Audit) Regulations S.I No. 47, 2020, the developer
should undertake annual environmental and social audits for the market during operation phase and
the audit reports should be submitted to NEMA for review and further guidance.
105
REFERENCES
The National Environmental Act, 2019

NEMA 2003, Environmental legislation of Uganda
NEMA July 1997, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Guidelines
The National Environment (Environmental and Social Assessment) Regulations, 2020
The National Environment (Audit) Regulations, 2020
The National Environment (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2003
The National Environment (Waste Management) Regulations, 2020
The National Environment (Standards for Discharge of effluent into Water or on Land) Regulations,
1999
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (2017). The National Population and Housing Census 2014 –
Area Specific Profile Series, Kampala, Uganda
The Local Governments Act, Cap 243
The National Environment Act No.5 of 2019
The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2006
The Public Health Act, Cap 281
The Traffic and Road Safety Act, Cap 361
The Water Act, Cap 152
The Workman’s Compensation Act, 2000
The Constitution of Uganda
The Physical Planning Act, 2010
The Investment Code Act, Cap 92
The Land Act, Cap 227
The Employment Act, 2006
Kotido District Development Plan, 2015
106
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Proof of Land Ownership
107
108
Appendix II: Record of Stakeholder Engagement
109
110
111
112
Appendix III: Water sample analysis result
113
Appendix IV: Soil Sample analysis Results
114
Appendix V: Geotechnical / Soil Investigation Report
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
134
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
Appendix VI: Bills of Quantities
157
158
159
Appendix VII: Site layout plans
155
156
157
158
159
160
Appendix V: Map showing plots to be used for the proposed market
161
162

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PROJECT BRIEF FOR THE PROPOSED

KOTIDO MAIN MARKET UNDER MARKETS AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE

MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

ON BEHALF OF MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT:

Sign: ___________________ ___________________

Dated: _____________23rd May 2023_____________________________

DETAILS OF EXPERTS WHO CONDUCTED THE ESMF

De-Zyn Forum Ltd.

Sign: _____________ ___________________________

Dated: __________________23.05.2023_______________________ ____

THE CONSULTANCY TEAM

Muhumuza Moses Mugimba -Team Leader (Registered and

Peter Isamat – Sociologist (Registered and Certified Environmental

Agaba Derrick- Occupational Health and Safety / Waste

Other Contributing Experts

Pearl Katwesigye – Sociologist

3.1.5 The National Land Use Policy, 2007 .................................................................................... 11

3.4.1 National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)...................................................... 22

5.2.4 Fauna ..................................................................................................................................... 34

8.3.3 Traffic Disturbance ................................................................................................ 57

10 TENTATIVE DECOMMISSIONING AND RESTORATION PLAN ................................ 97

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

Description of the project site

Institutional and legal framework for implementation of the project

(ii) The National Environment Act, 2019

Potential environmental and social impacts

Mitigation Measures for negative impacts

(a) Revegetation and landscaping

(b) Hoarding off the site to restrict unauthorized access

Resettlement and compensation of

All teams undertaking the pre-Presence of influx

The developer should develop an influx

Installation of adequate drainage

Ground clearance works will be restricted

The area should be reinstated by

Project vehicles should move at hours of

The developer should provide hand

The toilets should be clearly labeled to

The contractor should put in place

Regular inspection and servicing of the Records of fire

The developer should encourage

The fire emergency and response plans

Fire assembly points should be

Fire safety training and drills for the

(PM10), shall be carried out on a regular

The waste generated should be collected

Waste should be separated according to

Debris/rubble generated from demolition

A certified waste collection company

The Municipal Council should contract a

Road signage should be put in place Presence of a first aid kits

Provision of adequate protective gear to Workers in PPE.

A fully equipped first aid box should be

Sensitization should be done for the

Machinery used during land clearance

Development and implementation of

Carrying out health awareness

All workers should be orientated and

Sign: _ _

Dated: _23rd May 2023_________________

Sign: _ _______________

Dated: 23.05.2023_