Calculating the

Percent Yield
and Theoretical
Yield

Prepared by: Ma’am Jheun Vinez A. Sagun

 Identifying
Limiting
Reactant and
Excess Reactant

Prepared by: Ma’am Jheun Vinez A. Sagun

 Most Essential Learning
Competency

- Calculate percent yield and theoretical yield

of the reaction (STEM_GC11MRIg-h-39).
- Explain the concept of limiting reagent in a
chemical reaction; identify the excess
reagent(s) (STEM_GC11MR-Ig-h-40).
 Specific Learning Objectives

1. identify the limiting and excess reagent in a

reaction;
2. solve problems involving theoretical and
percent yield of a reaction; and
3. recognize the significance of stoichiometry in
understanding reaction efficiency and predicting
product yield.
 PERCENT YIELD

- How much product is

obtained from a reaction.
 THEORETICAL YIELD

- is the maximum amount of a

specified product that could be
obtained assuming completeness
of the reaction.
 ACTUAL YIELD

- is the amount of a desired

product actually obtained from a
given reaction.
 ACTUAL YIELD

- is always less than the theoretical

yield, because chemical reactions
aren't perfect. In most cases, they
don't go to 100% completion
 LIMITING REACTANT

- the reactant that is completely

consumed during a chemical reaction
- produces the least amount of
product
 EXCESS REACTANT

- upon consumption of the limiting

reactant, the reaction stops, and the
reactants that remain are called
excess reactants.
CALCULATING THE
PERCENT YIELD
AND
THEORETICAL
YIELD
 PRACTICE!

Methane gas, CH4, is a colorless and odorless gas that is

used as a fuel to generate energy. In a combustion
reaction set-up of methane, oxygen occurs in excess
amounts to burn the substance completely, as shown in
the reaction: 2CH4(g) + 4O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
Calculate the percent yield of the combustion experiment
if only 64.0 g of carbon dioxide was recovered from an
expected or calculated amount of 137.5 g.
 SOLUTION

2CH4(g) + 4O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

Given:
CO2 – 64.0 g
CO2 – 137.5 g
 ANSWER

The percent yield of

the reaction is 46.5%
IDENTIFYING
THE LIMITING
AND EXCESS
REACTANT
 PRACTICE!

If 23 grams of iron (II) chloride reacts with 41

grams of sodium phosphate, what is the
limiting reactant? How much sodium chloride
can be formed? How much excess reactants
remains when this reaction has gone to
completion?
3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 → Fe3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl
 SOLUTION

3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 → Fe3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl

Given:
FeCl2 – 23 g
Na3PO4 – 41 g
 SOLUTION

A. What is the limiting reactant?

B. How much sodium chloride
can be formed?
g reactant → mol reactant → mol product → g product
 SOLUTION

g reactant → mol reactant → mol product → g product

Given Desired Mole of Molar mass

mass (g) unit product of product

Molar mass Mole of 1 mol of

of reactant reactant product
 SOLUTION

3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 → Fe3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl

g reactants → mol reactant → mol product → g product

23g FeCl2 1 mol FeCl2 6 mol NaCl 58.44 g NaCl

126. 75g FeCl2 3 mol FeCl2 1 mol NaCl

FeCl2 = 21 g NaCl
 SOLUTION

3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 → Fe3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl

g reactants → mol reactant → mol product → g product

41g Na3PO4 1 mol Na3PO4 6 mol NaCl 58.44 g NaCl

163. 94g Na3PO4 2 mol Na PO 1 mol NaCl
3 4

Na3PO4 = 44 g NaCl
 SOLUTION

A. What is the limiting reactant?

FeCl2 = 21g NaCl

Limiting
Reactant
 SOLUTION

B. How much sodium chloride can be

formed?
FeCl2 = 21g NaCl
Theoretical
Yield
 SOLUTION

C. How much excess reactants

remains when this reaction has
gone to completion?
g product (theoretical) → mol product → mol excess reactant → g excess reactant
 SOLUTION

g product (theoretical) → mol product → mol excess reactant → g excess reactant

mass (g) of
Desired Mole of Molar mass
(product)
theoretical unit reactant of reactant

Molar mass Mole of 1 mol of

of product product reactant
 SOLUTION

3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 → Fe3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl

g product (theoretical) → mol product → mol excess reactant → g excess reactant

21g NaCl 1 mol NaCl 2 mol Na3PO4 163. 94g Na3PO4

v

58.44g NaCl 6 mol NaCl 1 mol Na3PO4

Na3PO4 = 20 g
 SOLUTION

Excess unused = Excess Initial – Excess used

Na3PO4 = 41 g
Na3PO4 = 20 g v

Excess unused = 41 g Na3PO4– 20g Na3PO4

Excess unused = 21g Na3PO4
 TRY SOLVING

Copper (II) chloride reacts with sodium nitrate, copper (II)

nitrate and sodium chloride are formed. If 15g of copper
(II) chloride reacts with 20g of sodium nitrate, answer the
following:
a. What is the limiting reactant?
b. How much sodium chloride can be formed?
c. How much of excess reactant is left over?

Balanced chemical equation: CuCl2 + 2NaNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaCl

 SOLUTION

CuCl2 + 2NaNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaCl

Given:
CuCl2 – 15 g
NaNO3 – 20 g
 SOLUTION

A. What is the limiting reactant?

B. How much sodium chloride
can be formed?
g reactant → mol reactant → mol product → g product
 SOLUTION

g reactant → mol reactant → mol product → g product

Given Desired Mole of Molar mass

mass (g) unit product of product

Molar mass Mole of 1 mol of

of reactant reactant product
 SOLUTION

CuCl2 + 2NaNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaCl

g reactants → mol reactant → mol product → g product

15g CuCl2 1 mol CuCl2 2 mol NaCl 58.44 g NaCl

134.45g CuCl2 1 mol CuCl2 1 mol NaCl

CuCl2 = 13 g NaCl
 SOLUTION

CuCl2 + 2NaNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaCl

g reactants → mol reactant → mol product → g product

20g NaNO3 1 mol NaNO3 2 mol NaCl 58.44 g NaCl

85g NaNO3 2 mol NaNO3 1 mol NaCl

NaNO3 = 14 g NaCl
 SOLUTION

A. What is the limiting reactant?

CuCl2 = 13g NaCl

Limiting
Reactant
 SOLUTION

B. How much sodium chloride can be

formed?
CuCl2 = 13g NaCl
Theoretical
Yield
 SOLUTION

C. How much of excess reactant is

left over?
g product (theoretical) → mol product → mol excess reactant → g excess reactant
 SOLUTION

g product (theoretical) → mol product → mol excess reactant → g excess reactant

mass (g) of
Desired Mole of Molar mass
(product)
theoretical unit reactant of reactant

Molar mass Mole of 1 mol of

of product product reactant
 SOLUTION

CuCl2 + 2NaNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaCl

g product → mol product → mol reactant → g reactant

13g NaCl 1 mol NaCl 2 mol NaNO3 85g NaNO3

58.44g NaCl 2 mol NaCl 2 mol NaNO3

NaNO3 = 19 g
 SOLUTION

Excess unused = Excess Initial – Excess used

Na3NO = 20 g
Na3NO = 19 g v

Excess unused = 20 g Na3NO– 19g Na3NO

Excess unused = 1g Na3NO
 TRY SOLVING

Copper (II) chloride reacts with sodium nitrate, copper (II)

nitrate and sodium chloride are formed. If 15.0g of copper
(II) chloride reacts with 20.0g of sodium nitrate, answer
the following:
a. What is the limiting reactant? CuCl2
b. How much sodium chloride can be formed? 13.04 g
c. How much of excess reactant is left over? 1g NaNO3

Balanced chemical equation: CuCl2 + 2NaNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaCl

 SOLVING

50g of benzene (C6H6) is placed in a

container with 160g of oxygen gas. After
the reaction 30g of water were collected.
What is the percent yield? How much
excess reactant was left over after the
reaction?
2C6H6 + 15O2 → 6H2O + 12CO2
 SOLUTION

2C6H6 + 15O2 → 6H2O + 12CO2

Given:
C6H6 – 50 g
O2 – 160 g
H2O – 30g
 SOLUTION

2C6H6 + 15O2 → 6H2O + 12CO2

g reactants → mol reactant → mol product → g product

50g C6H6 1 mol C6H6 6 mol H2O 18.02g H2O

78.12g C6H6 2 mol C6H6 1 mol H2O

C6H6 = 35 g H2O
 SOLUTION

2C6H6 + 15O2 → 6H2O + 12CO2

g reactants → mol reactant → mol product → g product

160g O2 1 mol O2 6 mol H2O 18.02g H2O

32g O2 15 mol O2 1 mol H2O

O2 = 36 g H2O
 SOLUTION

2C6H6 + 15O2 → 6H2O + 12CO2

Given: % 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
× 100%
H2O – 30g 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Type equation here. 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
30𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
H2O – 35g % 𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 =
35𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
× 100%

% 𝐘𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝 = 𝟖𝟓% 𝐇𝟐𝟎

 SOLUTION

2C6H6 + 15O2 → 6H2O + 12CO2

g product → mol product → mol reactant → g reactant

35g H2O 1 mol H2O 15 mol O2 32g O2

18.02 H2O 6 mol H2O 1 mol O2

O2 = 155g
 SOLUTION

Excess unused = Excess Initial – Excess used

O2 = 160 g
O2 = 155 g v

Excess unused = 160g O2– 155g O2

Excess unused = 5g O2