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Computer Network HandWritten Notes-1

Computer networks complete notebook syllabus for bscs 3rd semester gcuf.

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Zain Ali
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911 views27 pages

Computer Network HandWritten Notes-1

Computer networks complete notebook syllabus for bscs 3rd semester gcuf.

Uploaded by

Zain Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Ihe Range cach Ip_ set “pron “a And. tin Ihe farm inlegric number swhic yebresenteel bis dott UV ei 195. 160-1o- 3 a a Ip-addrey_versiorm leindls_o} 1p adder Zp MAC py pg tae _Clapieatty) (physiol) Ipve TPVig SOY ~-= public Ip: i Length a8 bs |} Len [hes 24-bit ete. Communicate o¢lel_ a Woe Yh outticle the NMetwatk. 0 le. FFFF C35) Ne to ass private tps 340_tvillion CDW & bien a") Usech to tommunieale. ABCC ICM N 192. 165- 10-86: tl withins the” Sane. —_nelworb dala Shave as wilhout. Connecting to — tive, internet ——Send__or receive plala packelsaevan the — Inlemel ee Gptens ; provides__mepping — _belween _tha_gname —07- host_ on__tpe__network anol_—_tt_numeyital Yactd ress. ______—> ONS _is__ a Sewice that franslaler™ the —clemain name inte __Tp__addtess. a DNS is _a_client Loner nofiyatet_communceation — Protocol. + he Dm: ain_name pace it oltvidedl_it to clifferent _ Sections s- ie a 51 Generic _Domaih ss County — Pomain__>.. nie How interne! yorker —>Curth, fhe helb, vepisky l Nontitor 198-161 satis ps7 = ude User Ip. ong ae _+) Server Ip. — Ascit_conversion_5 Regisley. _ Lp_communicabier 2a Conwe¥ sign nN ee asf Binayy conversoy v - Sp ts toate — a acy sewer) _. Lp adeliess Neo DNs. aclol ress 1 09 elatle Gees! 0) elala) (OR) — a - ey searcher gine —> Regis. Lp ade) 406 5 lp tommunicalvon —y Ip aks Server a ese F Y : ae Models feces —+ Network Avelhitectuve model. - OST patel (Reference node) — palate OST means oben System Jnterconneck model. -Develsbed toy She ~ wher national organization, Sor __Shandardizalion in _ VU. ~®& ye dayers ~— 7 7 ae » eid : 4. Abblication Layer. eo font UWplieation Layer is reer) Cebonsihle Gr providing, “SEE see) __ Nekworeing Services to Whe user y. peat, Uk is Blso_knawn ast detiercd BP ® nasa pala — Dayer: Adentifcarion of “Sstiices is dene Using _ pork Nomibersiay ports are! ork Yond evict Session _ TFarehork Ne pabak — ponte Moe Plyge ha cegpient hfe example: —_) ——— —_-____ a HTTP Chien PE 82@ el seem a: ETP —_chtent_—8¢ B\_wwelo serter a g-_ Presentation bayer. preserbation. te xeshonside for comverti “dala __ ‘ko __skandard___formak-_ : ar __ Examie: Asay TEA MP» ae ENON = Secosking. a a wa_Ereygtion = De erypbion: _ __ 4 Compremion = Pe combtenion. = Session Nauey, = Sessien_~ Na detadsise . ing—ane ermminatting Sesion ID _ wor ak — Seard = —Examiple:__ Ee Fe, = RPE_s Remole _Procedute cal. _ — SOL 5 Shruckuved Quer, ate ~aNFES 9 _Wekuo'e Gle Syst —__Connectivibys _ —-of ost Layer Follows —Sasie goin ¥ Transport layer: ai * Identifying ~sercuvcom ba” pa aah ~ _amustiiGong bes 5 L ——Se mentelian pa {Po feet Sequencin Reames ding FE vror_ comeetion: — Flow Conhyeld. (Rertection amount of ala) ous ave ert? 19 fab y.7 ae) * THES). 7 =) EP Sy 5- Network Sayer wou ani te fan — Nelwore Jayer is veponsilale for proviching oat — pan for dala to veach _\he dostrnatio hears _ ical___adedteming works on Wis Jayer. Powder is NekworR__ Layer device Knob as) he earl levies A xiyleialal he! Amhanae Z Seure ip Peslinaton Tp coe : WRU _ 192.168 a Datalink is divided into -Lwo elVcis Usitcah Mink conbtod. — WAN _ prakacedl ———— e Mc - Media, ‘Recew “Contre Se = physical adden s Var —9 Oru Hexadecimal) _ — REsiponeble sy mera, MMectron — Devices swat Ringe on cals ie Aayer aXe. Switch, Bridge ey a — NG2-V8B-1 Ep SAS ves) -20-20.18-Ce- 8} <1! apts Non ka fal pres cal ue P _ a oa phy stent Maer _is pr epecanica ape procedural Checs. Days vi\__ ‘ee ___convorhed into Soon! Sow Cot 1) Coawas ov Awisled pan _calole for eleckvical, “Physical! Qayey cae, | (ad Sing ele [rotoleestoot) —Ice/ IP maclel_( Aoplecl mectel) Se oe rane —_—ee ot plot aco. — __§-La age ere a a Plecew be proces Cala line : : mypicat | : « @ [ei] i he ——Fransmission Control, Protocoh _useok in __ Curent eae — aachitectuse iwhich describes the _ movement.) '03-._ —olata__blu the Souvee al_dertination on the inkeanet._ Abb Aicakion Layer. —~provide:_inker{ace” to she wer 5 Wer Searchung aA Sending. dala _ eth inter face : _. ATP 5 SMTP, ONS, ETP eke em. ~ Ne “Kansipart Layer — ae —Aayer “use wo protocols Ae werd, [OR — divided. inka Sigh packets yy —Ankexnek__Layer-___ = —__Smab_dada: _packels arelkin * nbewek ayer. Tnlecneh layer we SrRgrcdtocad . __ AN __gadkeki Saka yee dettination_ padres | Saas adden; —etnoie AER nr ae Sae : _D chels aye _ Sench Sin Wekwoeke_ Access _ i oo —-——___—. aul. _Nodunee Recon _Maygr —_comec ta Solexnal [Accom to ile PEC, Uli, Hadwaredeutees me | Nehuoyk_accen_hayer>_used_to. _vecieve A. Sending vata packer oe _ Sowee PC ao! — Led petination.. Re ae filpicaboy Sayer — Application Yayer. ___ TWonsgort:, Sager _______________ Trans! Yager _ Ander oe ayer — __Irhex nd" Jouer _ “Sproioeh Meeos dayer—LInbenall— wait Koos. Nayen —Mutihere. — —s ‘Multliplexes fsa as ane to-one. ail Mang Input ana prota One - input. andl mule iS. Called muttiblexes output> Callede Ae- multiplexer. — Example: — bye WD EE Sins] [ele communi cakan, aged Eee Col _ AS wire _ In multiplexer we have, ca input Jinesand_4 Gutput. ___ dine __where_%_ ise Hthe number__07 uselectan. Ravantage ~~ More_ eer nal_can be Sent_ over. a Single smedium. have one (4) input anel pas -output lines where %— isthe Selechion ine Ape ee Ao A Demuttiblener. _ A to 4 Bemultr'plerer. 4 to 3 Demurtiblener: Types: ‘Where ave 2 Autres - 44046 Bemusiblener. oy aultiplerd @ Fequenc Aivision, (Analog) © wareledavh chivisern ea{ Analog). | _} @ Vredsigion (digttat)— LX Tom Tow Cyrchoras ‘spe hen — =e _— te as le eee a or__electyamagnetic ener ; that dlegracles th 7 Signal end__data 2 Noise occure - in _Olgitat ancl anal. con_affect- files “ancl maui a _—Thevrnal_ Noise: Due to _svandam original ik _ Thermal aise is. rae! fn do to ‘des - lion of Lo aloe. 7 __Treluced Noise: Neer ut ve Vw Cy igh _diancmission ite) — NM Malis fieb clue fe high electiomyactia— —— Be Motors appliances. Crosstalk Lffect_af one. viel Naya shale a — Input Noise: fl Sinal—ual_itgh energy —in ty Shorl —_ peridbl- 9) time _ xan fina etn ache — 7 TW Rid insite a proces ef cele: Dil _ GF the ‘olala ta - fgg 7 dlestiration. Mo + ees » Tables. nigue _ and Sit: Ihe. x + nelwuk —dertingtion. ~ Pievicle_ mlerned the Router works on—_neluark Soyer in C61 predol- 4 + 4 7? tl Iptevnel by rn__Tep /Ip. ee 4 4 a Ihat__Connecds_4wo et mere pack et nedwer he er ubneluedPs __tading leline lend clala Hi bh which merlin, © — tndiuen efercl wich AG SO L “ dan) NX BE... Communication Loct) aay Evyoy ii "2 ‘on Sencley's ofala obec not match the _dlala at the recetveyk endl, When _an__eyrey rs __dlelectecl then we need to vetyansmi} the clala $0, there ar Various echnigues op _evvor__CanWel Yun __Combuter letwioy. eg: * = = ney - ive = 7 ase Cencl. “(dala Sle pasate ttadgee ee ot al: _ ~ ~e—af dn (ent) can Flow _controd Ctedeeich Bala Shoulol_be sent)) Flow contro isemeant on! y Jor the hansmission_ 0} _olata “yawn endler +0 Recetuey. eee “Gr. {wart protocol 5 icling Winclaw.— —_— ptt ts “tne Jay— the raosk imporlant olutres af the dala Sink bayer >» flow __© contial Joly — Alala 1a Senal Sit pt ___ makes the Sencley wait fav. 07 Ac knowled, ledgmiendl ek) be fare — Contincing- “lo ——Senal__mote _olala.___ - = Error Contyed (Haw —con_enau be cetectolal carer led) _Evrer__ Condo is, meant 301 th “trancmiscion Op vroY dy ola. rom___.€endley__10__receiver. Exg Slop x wart git Lot sep — ee = eg E >. The __lerm ener _con4yol refers Jo, methods 07. ______errey__dlefection___anol_ retransmission >.Every time __an _evroy_t¢ —olelecteol Cif an__exchange.__ Speccfiecl -jvamer ar tyancebedte! This Process is BRO. 7 x a pa DP. Di enteal pYotoce mee i) Se Tep_ uBR a > ep_is_a connectroRy > UDP_is_a Comectin less. ortentecl _pratecod) es | Prntoirot _> Iti yokable.. >—H_is__not_veliabl 5. J+ ts Slower_jkan UD. a Ht_is faster_than Tcp. >.__Ths Te Gize_o7. Tp __ 7—UDp header Size is__Qo-byhese : ts bytes. Relvansmivion op Lost >. Not possi bl i __packels is _pouible. Se cca tee E.9: — Ao 2 Bagi ; = z HTTps, S mop, FTP : DMS, Video Con ferencit a a : eS bHcp, TETp ete — me Sas one 5, comnesded_sne-atormang —— to access technique Used 4o allow —many—raobile _ Simuttaneousy —a——~finite— amount _of— Radio __S pee-trum-— (Og = - pk alee.) Simsboncoutly ___Duplexing 2 ekg feng info. (22 ag: 7 pecave FDMA: _TWequence, Division Mut ble access — a Assign sndtviduad Actgnnele o_ ndividual user andi abifores = ~_ysexs__ ave __anigned MeaIEetent Avathic — Each use (Tey “ailorahed _veique asi tpevioch » no _oNnet _uset_c26 = ais? pid Sgcene __cinonne) ee Guard ene!) ae Ta et a TE | Frequency Fe Tnherjatense_is_Yeoluceol_by —qua¥a— band, —_____— - Features: _ — _ny-Caries_only ..one — Phone Citewt at atime ——""— C chanel not weal, then idle. _— me deol no. 09 _wers-__ ny — Les Complex. aa Advantage: ——4. $ynthyonization t< nat necariary + _ tay Simbleand_easy-to.impllment. with respect de - Aarclware kecouycer = Paeins — __8._wWo_needl Jo sny fea ae dime. ot __ Disadvantage: a >» ___1.the eu site cost is_high eS oie aa 7 es gpg ea GN S$. fed eng aWecateol perme oye — Available § ~Sactngs GM meol into mdrrow Prequen bands. rv chanel which in urn ave _obivicleol—inle ~ ne. 07 Sof, —————— — wIn_~2ach slot only one sey 7s___ allows to _eithay transmit ov__recelve.” de - Featuyes: aiden 4. Signal_caiayptepuoney ts Weal gov Sewraf weys ,2. DuplerersY not Le Yeo! V+ - a. pala —_fransmiuton —1s__nok __ Cont’ watt Glavantage: _ 3 TIpma_V can _easity _ dolapt _+o thas transmission _of olatla as well “as voice smmmurication ee 2, Ao__intewerence 310m. Simianeouwty transmission. 3. Share _a i arriey Fred. ef woith multiple _usevs. * neockocul 4. Mobile assrsteal — Raadlage —_passchl. ___ Disadvantage: zit Gana Didi pny lena 2. figh. overheacl _ a —_ EN cae pia dala yater COMA + — (cocle =olivision _muttiple ae ) —. Mesage___ Signal --roultepjieol by 2 very _ldige _ band width aa “splsclin SH aC pit cade) __ Al ew: Same avriey. “9 and ___ ae ee an = pin_cods pt _ _ a ach__wer' has Olwn NO Gaol. ae rae Auer Send) Re _time oY. Aan eee BS i fala___a4 4 __Same i but ri n_gede 4| 20 to —|x a procen, fom (0 x 7 eee ~lolu 6sec Advantages: — 3. 2dddi Lion op ev ee N 2 —Sie nal ne _ i . wo Woterne? Cevinvee = froucley Le Network: 1p aclvess» (provile Isp) : An IP _nelwtb is a Commun alten slat __utex Internet —_protacol (Ip) ta Sencl an 2 cy mole Combrrtors: Ineiap behween 2 As_one of the —naes nelmork, ancl 1 ia internet Network, _Ip_Nelwork —tequites that node be Co Higeted wit re Types te ; — = __ Host_ address: _ Pratide to each rumbey |levic ; This _Aelclf@ee Nes) unique _-to_+hat eee __andé™ 3Meuwe® them to __ Communicate + nes cne _anel___with the Nehvayk Vs Network_adlltess: Provide by com any, provide “3 ost J G7 aaaies:- haa ea Seley ataan in the __Neluwk._. This Git hosts, whe py vide Special ni Ae ts ceryices re oe te Communicate with th with inlemety ber tub r This dy Selalvess lows the hock’ oy byoadeast _an___announcement acto, the ntive network. Broadcast —adolvess + __Use to _Commnunccerhe + _ eee i= One main — ben fer of Creating a private Lp Metwork 3. ryote f.ficrs Sas Ss be efiuork connects within _viruses_anol__hackers out Your. comput _Ptivate— yo apts _anel_Al Peeps — —Ditt-advantage: a » } — a ues IRSSeepeee a 1. Server Ip. Hack Yall Computere _farilere 2._Vi1useses a sas eee a Ae ee [aN (Leal area Netwerk) 7 et (I —_— local dea _nelwork irs a Computer _—metwore —____that __ interconnect. compuders Wilkin a -bimileal ——— a¥e2 Such ays z PEE ——_ hetiolence, School, Labotalar ys unduarsity campus oY Poot igeererer earner bei bling, Labs, oly in_. eb ————____ Small Goa : ahh + eo= 9 aura Modem. "olhevnet__table@" tntetnet SIOE service ) High perforinane pecific_avea t= LANL yl9 Io. $$$ $$$ TI Oo——_— A TTT SS a Advantages. 2 x - 7 1,_Haydware. f-4ware— _ - =v 7 A__System that _.ues_2_ Stagle__dala_chaonel_— which me h—_the.___whole __banol d/dth__o7._the tamsmistion __mectium____is __clealie a4eal_4o._one ee In eneral, to Rypadeast information —is——— fo dvanonih it to many 180 te / jona! es TOT Ratio stabion a nag il at re ——eaeine 3 Spat m i Te piovicler. o _De}- Band width 2 The __m durum dale _4tvansmilfeal_ ameuat a ven amount 07. time. -* WEA wvonnecteal to he internet eg a alia Lup —maadem— YF g ay —clisplony + connectecl at kbps tadicling 2 es is J transferred een “re S_gijsical_awval cert_of the cones a i whieh co tang ab ey ue mediunn_ts__callech Akeley ; Wypes.-- ieee ee MESH Tee a iybrig 1p eo egy ——tehalyg POUT pl Bi s 2 _Bos. Sales ___-Zary_4o_aalal hemove_nodes in_a_nelwark. — —a—s Sl pogired 0 cable. /data_s a "I f_cable_is~fatl_then—s the ert i%e Re}wark ————-=J-—-f=]——— will be Jailed S$ a a a Length a sablo_i<—abinnisfe.dl 1 This_a_shto Ct oulng _ <4 A s_very_clifficult_ateak to _adbt 4 “ Some Yneuacomputers i a to_olestination v. Sf_we—wiank Yo sead dala_ftam a Sours machin. then wolara will _un=NeceuJr4. hayool lo all-_nedor Sie pant_op athena, thal makes :f72 cada goes i tre neduravh goes. mn. eh nl nga chant catlohe All the nodes Mose comnecteal_uith 2 Control _oleuice. Callecl Hubl ——Shsirng —09-la- Aly poste lavas th bub — — lud_mades_want: ieee o r sae ee —pourble thiag Sustleh | Mubee_,———-) —£} i Atlo ol _the —ondir nekwrork —_j-———— f willbe jalled | MES Tolol tt __Zach_tampuler_s“olirect. 1 Connecteol wit Th each allay, Soda can_olivechls ocala to _olertinattion achin without rif—to—nkmadiols mac AM iplecfeviees_Can_Senel_ an Becei ve_clela_Simutaneotyly-—$§ wcll} fe i 2 J ‘piety tt ee Li son ZI Sis —verf ol he = Gt QL -_-_—— Wutorid. loa By tee u Varriauls_o7— cl:pzorent topo. laggrls call —hybr “ple Tyee topolas 7 All a eb ae Cmmacteal tbe _a__byanches _0}. Hee Tha —tpilanales 09 ux Asda topalag) ts —Calleal Yee Hepalege = i — ao a Za = [a 3)

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