GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, PEN

FACULTY OF POLYTECHNIC
Institute Code: 0129

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Micro Project Report
On

Engineering Applications of Heating Effect of Electric Current

Prepared By

Roll no. Name

1501 OMKAR DESHMUKH
1502 SHREYASH DESHMUKH
1503 PIYUSH DHOLKAR
1504 TANVI DUSANE
1505 HARSH GHARAT
1506 VAISHNAVI GHARAT

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. Swati Dahikar

Submitted To

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
Academic Year 2022-2023
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. / Ms. ………………………………………………………

Roll No. ……………….…., of ………... Semester of Diploma in…………………..
Engineering, of Institute Government Polytechnic, Pen (Code: 0129) has completed
the Micro-Project work satisfactorily in course ………………………………. ( )
for the academic year 20…….. to 20……. as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: …………… Enrollment No:……………

Date: …………… Exam. Seat No: ………

Subject Teacher Head Of Department Principle

Mrs.Swati Dahikar Mr. Pushpak Garge Dr.S.S.Bhamare
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate

This is to certify that following student,

Roll no. Name

1501 OMKAR DESHMUKH
1502 SHREYASH DESHMUKH
1503 PIYUSH DHOLKAR
1504 TANVI DUSANE
1505 HARSH GHARAT
1506 VAISHNAVI GHARAT

of …….. Semester of Diploma in………………….. Engineering, of Institute

Government Polytechnic, Pen. (Code: 0129) are completed the Micro Project work
satisfactorily in course ………………………………. ( ) for the academic year
20…….. to 20…… as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place: ……………
Date: ……………

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

MRS. SWATI DAHIKAR MR.P.U.GARGE DR.S.S.BHAMARE
 PART A-Plan

Micro- Project Proposal

Engineering Applications of Heating Effect of Electric Current

1.0 Brief Introduction

Heating Effect of Electric Current is a phenomenon that is generally used in our daily life. The electric kettle,
toaster, heater, and other appliances are utilized as alternates for traditional cooking and laundry methods.
Electric bulbs, which are an alternative to conventional lighting, utilize the same concept. Over time, these
technologies have revolutionized the world. Conductors or Wires produce heat energy when a current pass
through them. This is because when an electric current passes through it, fast electron collisions start to occur.

2.0 Aim of the Micro – Project

Micro - Project aims at:

1 To Prepare a report on engineering applications of heating effect of electric current.

2.Gain knowledge about applications of heating effect of electric effect.

3.0 Action Plan

Sr. No Details Of Activity Planned Planned Name Of

Start Date Finish Responsible Team
Date Members
1 Discuss & Finalization of Topic
2 Preparation Of Submission
Proposal
3 Planning Layout of Micro-Project
4 Content Preparation
5 Discuss About Required Resources
& Correction and Implementation
6 Create Report
7 Final Submission of Micro Project

4.0 Resources Required

Sr. No Name Of Specifications Quantity Remarks

Resource/Material
1 Internet Wikipedia
2 Book Physics
3 Computer 8GB RAM
 PART B

Micro-Project Report

Engineering Applications of Heating Effect of Electric Current

1.0 Brief Description

Heating Effect of Electric Current is a phenomenon that is generally used in our daily life. The electric kettle,
toaster, heater, and other appliances are utilized as alternates for traditional cooking and laundry methods.
Electric bulbs, which are an alternative to conventional lighting, utilize the same concept. Over time, these
technologies have revolutionized the world. Conductors or Wires produce heat energy when a current pass
through them. This is because when an electric current passes through it, fast electron collisions start to occur.

2.0 Aim of Micro Project

Diploma engineers (also called technologists) have to deal with various materials and machines. This course is
designed with some fundamental information to help technologists apply the basic concepts and principles of physics
and chemistry to solve broad-based engineering problems. The study of basic principles of sciences and the concepts
related to various materials such as metals, alloys, inorganic salts, polymers, lubricants, paints, varnishes, adhesives,
heat, electricity, magnetism, optics, semiconductors, and others will help in understanding the technology courses
where the emphasis is on the applications of these in different technology applications

3.0 Course Outcomes Integrated

a. Use the basic principles of heat and optics in related engineering applications.

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed.

1. Focused on the selection of an appropriate topic for the micro-project.

2. Select the topic i.e. To Prepare a report on applications of heating effect of electric current.

3. Brief study as well as a survey on our topic.

4. Gather all information based on the topic of the micro project.

5. Analysis and study of our topic in detail.

6. Following all the above methodologies we successfully completed our microproject.

What is the Heating Effect of Electric Current?

When an electric current is allowed to flow through a high resistance wire, such as nichrome wire, the
conductor heats up and produces heat. Such a heating action of a conductor is known as the Heating effect of
Current.

When we use some electrical appliances, the chemical reactions which occur in the cells on which they run
generate some potential difference between its terminals which sets the electrons in motion. To maintain the
flow of current the source needs to expand some energy. A part of the energy is used in doing some sort of
useful work like moving the fan blades in case of electricity-generated fans, etc. The remaining energy is
exploited or expanded in the form of heat which raises the temperature of the appliance. If we are using a
circuit in an appliance that is purely resistive then a lot of energy is dissipated entirely in the form of what we
call heat. This is called or known as the heating effect of electric current.

Effects of Heat on the Conductor

 The heating effect may cause an increase in the temperature of the wire of the conductor.
 This may also cause an increase in the volume of the material.
More simply, when an electrical current is passed through a conductor, it generates excess heat due to the
resistance caused by the electrons in the conductor to the flowing current. The work done in overcoming this
resistance to the current generates what we call heat in that conductor. The electrical heating effect of the
electrical current is most commonly and widely applied and used in our daily life. For example, electrical
irons, kettles, toasters, electrical heaters, etc. are used widely as alternatives to conventional methods of
cooking and also laundry. This same effect is used widely in electrical bulbs which are alternatives to
conventional incandescent lamps. These devices have modernized and revolutionized the new sustainable
world over the years.

Heating Effect of Electric Current Formula

Let us assume a current I that is flowing through a resistor that has a resistance of R as shown in the circuit.
Let the potential difference across ends of the terminals of the battery be V. Let us assume to be the time
during which a charge of Q amount flows across the circuit. The work which is done in moving that charge Q
through a potential difference V is V × I.
Hence, the source has to supply energy equal to V × I in time t. Therefore, the power input to the electrical
circuit by the source is
P = V × Q/t
=V×I
Or the energy that is being supplied to the circuit by the source in time t is P × t, that is, V × I × t. This extra
energy generated gets dissipated in the resistor in the form of heat. Therefore, for a steady and fixed current I,
the amount of heat denoted by H that is produced in time t is
H=V×I×t

Joules Law of Heating

The very famous physicist James Prescott found that the amount of heat generated per second that develops in
a conductor having a current is directly proportional to the electrical resistance of the wire and also with the
square of the current given. This heat which is liberated or generated because of the electrical current that
flows in an electrical wire is expressed in Joules.
By applying the ohms law to the equation H = V × I × t. We can deduce the Joules law or joules first law
which gives the relationship between the heat that is produced by flowing charges of electric current through
a conductor. It is directly proportional to the square of the supplied current, the electrical resistance exerted
by the appliance, and the time for which we used it. This is known or called joule’s law of heating. The
following is its expression:
H = I2 × R × t

where,
 H gives or indicates the amount of heat.
 I shows the amount ofthe electrical current supplied.
 R is the value or amount of electric resistance exerted in the conductor.
 t denotes the time for which the appliance is operated .

Factors on which Heat Depends

 The amount of liberated or generated heat is directly proportional to the given wire’s electrical
resistance when the electrical current in the given circuit and the flow of supplied current is not
altered or changed.
 The amount of liberated or generated heat in the conductor carrying current is directly proportional
to the square of the electrical current that flows through the given circuit when the electrical
resistance and current supply is kept constant.
 The amount of heat generated or produced because of the electrical current flow is directly
proportional to the time of usage of flow when the electrical resistance and the current flow is
constant.
Applications of Heating Effect of Electric Current

Following are some of the widely used common devices in which the heating effect of current is used and
harnessed for other purposes:
1. Electric Fuse
In any electrical instrument which we sometimes use due to a sudden rise in the amount of current, the
instrument or appliance gets overheated or burnt down which sometimes may result in a severe fire. A
conducting wire with a very low melting point is joined or connected in a series connection with the device or
appliance circuit to avoid any mishap or this type of accident. Whenever the current value somehow
accidentally rises, the wire inside the fuse melts due to the excessive heating and thus results in breaking the
electrical circuit saving the device as well as our lives. We choose or select the fuse according to the
appliance used. A device or an appliance that works on a higher current needs a greater value of fuse and vice
versa.

1. Electric Bulb
Electrical bulb contains a very thick metallic wire which is in turn made up of highly resistive tungsten metal.
This metal is always kept in an inert environment so that it doesn’t react with a neutral gas or vacuum. When
the electrical current flows through the used tungsten wire, it becomes warm or heated, and then it emits light.
Most of the electrical power which is drawn in the electrical circuit from the electrical source is liberated or
dissipated in the form of heat and the rest is given or emitted in the form of light energy. The tungsten
filament used also has a high resistivity and a very high melting point so that it doesn’t get heated easily when
used.
 2. Electric Heater

In an electrical heater, a very high resistance nichrome wire is mostly and commonly used as a coil. The coil
is rotated or wound on grooves which are made up of the ceramic material of the iron plate or china clay
plate. Whenever the electrical current flows in the coil, it quickly becomes warm or heated, which is then
widely used to heat our cooking vessels. In mountain areas, electrical room heaters are used to keep their
rooms warm and heated to save themselves from the exhaustive cold outside.

3. Electric Iron

Between the metal part and the electrical coil in an iron, Mica is placed which is by nature an insulator. The
coil of the iron becomes warm or heated with the continuous passage of current which is then passed on or
transferred to the metallic part through the mica used. Finally, after a while, the metallic part becomes very
heated or whatever temperature we have set, which is then used for ironing different material clothes
according to our wish.
Examples on Heating Effect of Electric Current

Example : 100 J of heat energy is produced by an electrical appliance that is used for 1 sec and is
having a resistance of 4 ohms. Find and calculate the potential difference of the appliance.
Solution:

As we know,
H = I2×R×t
Given, H = 100 J, R = 4 ohm, t = 1 sec
Therefore, 100J=I2×4×1

I=5A
From ohm’s law we know
V=I×R
Therefore, V = 5A × 4Ω
V = 20 V
Therefore, the potential difference generated is 20 V.
 5.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr. No Name Of Specifications Quantity Remarks

Resource/Material
1 Internet Wikipedia
2 Book Physics 1
3 Computer 8 GB RAM 1

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-projects

Successfully get all information about Heating Effect of Electric Current , and gain knowledge about different
applications of heating effects of electric current

7.0 Skill Developed/ learning out of this Micro-Project

1. Teamwork
2. Communication skills
3. Able to get all information about applications of heating effect of electric current.
 Conclusion

Heating Effect of Electric Current is a phenomenon that is generally used in our daily life. The electric
kettle, toaster, heater, and other appliances are utilized as alternates for traditional cooking and laundry
methods. Electric bulbs, which are an alternative to conventional lighting, utilize the same concept. Over
time, these technologies have revolutionized the world. Conductors or Wires produce heat energy when a
current pass through them. This is because of the fact that when an electric current passes through it, fast
electron collisions start to occur.

Applications of heating effect of electric current are Electrical Heating Appliances: The heating effect of
current is utilized in the working of electrical heating appliances such as electric iron, electric kettle,
electric toaster, electric oven, room heaters, water heaters (geysers), etc.
 Reference

https://tutormate.in/cbse-class-10-physics/heating-effect-of-electric-current/#:~:text=APPLICATIONS
%20OF%20THE%20HEATING%20EFFECT,heaters%20(geysers)%2C%20etc.

https://byjus.com/physics/the-heating-effect-of-current/