Section – CF Roll no. – 14 Program – B.TECH CS(CSF)
Write the SQL queries to implement the concept of index and
sequence→
-- Q1. Create an index on column DoB of Student table
CREATE INDEX DoBindex ON Student(DoB);
-- Q2. Create a Bitmap Index named MAJORindex for the
major column in Apply CREATE BITMAP INDEX MAJORindex ON Apply(major);
-- Q3. Remove the index on the DoB column
DROP INDEX DoBindex;
-- Q4. Create a Unique index ENRindex on enrollment in
College CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ENRindex ON College(enrollment); -- Q5. Create a composite Unique index SCMindex on Apply using columns sID, cName, major CREATE UNIQUE INDEX SCMindex ON Apply(sID, cName, major);
-- Q6. Create a composite index on Apply using columns
cName and major named CMapplyINDX CREATE INDEX CMapplyINDX ON Apply(cName, major);
-- Q7. Create sequence sID_seq with parameters increment
by 3, cycle, cache 4, starting from 988 CREATE SEQUENCE sID_seq INCREMENT BY 3 START WITH 988 MAXVALUE 999 CYCLE CACHE 4;
-- Q8. Display the next value of Sequence sID_seq
SELECT sID_seq.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL;
-- Q9. Insert a new student named Eric into the Student table INSERT INTO Student (sID, sName, GPA, sizeHS, DoB) VALUES (sID_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Eric', 9.9, 9999, TO_DATE('23- Apr-98', 'DD-MON-YY'));
-- Q10. Insert another student named Troy into the Student
-- Q12. Create sequence GPA_seq with maximum value 5,
minimum value 3, starting from 5 and decrementing by -1, cycle, no cache CREATE SEQUENCE GPA_seq START WITH 5 INCREMENT BY -1 MINVALUE 3 MAXVALUE 5 CYCLE NO CACHE; -- Q13. Update GPA of Eric to next value of sequence GPA_seq UPDATE Student SET GPA = GPA_seq.NEXTVAL WHERE sName = 'Eric';
-- Q14. Insert a student named Jack into the Student table
DROP SEQUENCE GPA_seq; Pre-Experiment Questions: Q1. What are indexes? Ans. Indexes are data structures associated with Database tables that improve the speed of data retrieval operations. Q2. How they improve performance of retrieval in DBMS? Ans. by reducing the number of disk I/O operations require to fetch data, as they allow the database to quickly locate specific rows based on indexed columns. Q3. What is surrogate key? Ans. A surrogate key is a unique identifier for each row in a database table that is generated by the system rather than being based on natural attributes of the data. Post-Experiment Questions: Q1. Can we create index on view? Ans. Yes. Q2. Difference between Bitmap index and B Tree Indexes? Ans. Bitmap indexes are suitable for columns with low cardinality (few distinct values), while B-tree indexes are more suitable for high-cardinality columns. Bitmap indexes store a bitmap for each distinct value in the indexed column, while B-tree indexes use a balanced tree structure. Q3. Why sequence are important? 1. Sequences are important in database management systems for generating unique identifiers, such as primary keys, in a concurrent and scalable manner. 2. Sequences help in implementing surrogate keys by providing a reliable and efficient way to generate unique identifiers for each row in a table.