A beco m e get go leave s tart ta k e

B an a d u lt a c a reer b re ak a fa m ily
my driving licence hom e to university
a fr a id /m o v e d iffic u lt / keep e a s y /m a k e
g r e a t /liv e n ic e /s e e s a d /s e e

o
bands candles costum es fire w o rk s
flo a ts masks parades
 ► o r PRESENT C O N TIN U O U S

Gramm ar extra or

a t five.
 1 .3 8

1 .3 8

An ancient ritual

back m arried pension p lan e presents

read y up
D o you w a n t How about I'd like I'd love to
It sounds T h a t w o u ld It's very nice
W h y d o n 't you Yes, OK
D o yo u w a n t to Sorry, I can't because
go to th e cinem a I'm g oin g to a fo o tb a ll
to n ig h t? m atch tonight.
c o lo u rfu l dull exciting massive
m iserable tasty
a m a zin g a ttra c tiv e b e a u tifu l delicious
dull en o rm o u s frie n d ly fu n m iserable
p o llu te d p re tty sm art speedy
u n c o m fo rta b le u n h e a lth y
 Assess your progress
1 H o w w o u ld d escrib e y o u r progress in English
on th e course so far?

Excellent Q G ood
Satisfactory Q N o t very g o o d [ _

C o m m e n t on yo u r answ er:

2 W hich areas w o u ld you like to w o rk on m ost

fo r th e rest o f th e course?

Speaking Q G ram m ar __
Listening Q W ritin g
Pronunciation [[] Vocabulary
Reading __

C o m m e n t on y o u r answ er:

3 W hich ty p e s o f activities in class do you th in k

cand le fe ijo d a fire w o rk in fa n t M asai are m o st useful fo r you?
m id d le -a g e d osingira pensioners Trem e

4 W h a t's o n e th in g you w o u ld like m o re o f on this

course?
A place

5 W h a t's one th in g you w o u ld like less of?

A ty p e o f dish or
som ething you can e a t

S o m ething th a t gives 6 W h a t q u es tio n d o you have fo r y o u r te a c h e r a b o u t

lig h t th e rest o f th e course? W rite it here and ask y o u r
te a c h e r to reply.

A stage o f life

A gro u p o f peop le
Drew Aquilina: Landscape architect
and environm ental cartoonist

Drew Aquilina is a landscape architect. As

a child he loved plants and animals and
studied nature. Then, later in life, he studied
architecture, and now he designs areas outside
with trees and flowers.

It's a creative and highly-skilled jo b and he's

very busy, travelling and working in different
places. However, he also has another job. He's
an environmental cartoonist, and during the
day he thinks about his next cartoon. Drew
says, "When I get a break, I plan a cartooning
storyline I w ant to draw in the evening.'

At the end of the day, he goes hom e and has

dinner with his wife Lisa. They talk about the
day and discuss his new ideas for cartoons. Lisa
often helps him with ideas for the dialogues.
Then, when most people are relaxing and
watching TV for the evening, Drew finally sits
down and starts work on the cartoons. He
often works until late in the evening and,
when it goes well, until early in the morning.

Drew's latest book

of cartoons, called
'Green Pieces:
Green from the
Pond Up', has even
won a book award.
And when he has
spare tim e, what
does he do? More
work! He loves
going outside and
working in the
garden.
across down in next on op p o site
th ro u g h up

A book c o ffe e d eskto p filin g

n otice p h o to w a te r

B are a b o ard c a b in e t cooler

copie r lam p shelf
bought b ro u g h t com e done
flo w n fo u n d g ro w n run ta u g h t
th o u g h t won

/3 U / /a u /

► an d
colleagues in d e p e n d e n c e pension
p ro m o tio n salary tra in in g

a ^ a ll a jo b a m istake a noise business

c o ffe e d in n e r h o u sew o rk m o n ey w e ll
w o rk y o u r bed

m ake do

a call a job
applicants ap p lic a tio n co n tact details
CV description position recru it salary

.4 8

H o w lo n g have y o u w o rk e d
in y o u r c u rren t jo b ?

I've b een th ere since 2008.

D ..... .... ... of b
advise assist design look a fte r m an ag e
play sell t e a ch tran slate w e lc o m e

E __________

W _______ __e ___ _____ _

R ___ ______
-a n t -e e -e n t -er -tan
-ist -o r -r
do fin d fo llo w get have in ven t
m ake solve
An invention
Saved
lives

th e re is less su n lig h t
th e sun shines b rig h tly
ch an g e w ith th e sun
com e fro m universities in K orea
w o rks in a h o t o ffice

o
 #

do d o w n lo a d log on to search send

set up subscribe to w rite
 T h a n k yo u fo r calling y o u r b an k . 1 you
w o u ld like to h ear yo u r accou nt details, press one.
you w o u ld like to ap p ly fo r a cre d it
► or card, press tw o . O th e rw is e , stay on th e line and w e
w ill be h ap p y to h e lp you 3 one o f our
cu sto m er service rep resen tatives beco m e availab le.
Please n o te th a t w e a re c u rren tly receiving a high
n u m b e r o f calls so 4 y o u r call is
u rg e n t, w e rec o m m en d you try a g ain later. N o te
th a t w e an sw er calls b e tw e e n e ig h t in th e m o rn in g
and e ig h t in th e even in g 5 it's a
public holiday.

a GPS an u m b re lla a to rch

m atches a gas co o k er fin d o u r location
stay dry m a k e a h o t m eal
lig h t a fire see in th e d ark
a d rin k a sw im accident h air legs
lo o k lunch tim e
8d
 As Finally Firstly For F u rth e rm o re In

T h e In te r n e t
very f a s t (in fo rm a tio n in seconds)
find any kind o f inform a tio n using a search engine
helps us w ith everyday inform a tio n , inform a tio n fo r
work and s tu d ie s

o
1 = atl the tim e 3 = not often
2 = often 4 = never
I w as looking th ro u g h my g ra n d fa th e r’s old
p h o to g ra p h s and fo u n d this one. It w as taken
a ro u n d 1 9 1 0 , so he w as a b o u t ten years old. It’s
a m a zin g how school has chan ged! W h a t are yo u r
m em o ries o f scho ol?
 Visitors to zoos 1 always
entertain / are always
entertained by orangutans.
Is it because th e y 2 lo o k /
are looked so friendly?
Perhaps, but m aybe it’s also because these anim als
3 com m unicate / are com m unicated with each other in
such interesting w ays. G e s tu re s 4 u s e /a r e used between
orangutans but now scientists say they also 5 use / a r e
used body language to com m unicate with hum ans. W hen
scientists 6 give / a r e given them a choice between tasty
food or not-so-tasty food, the orangutans 7 p o in t/a re
pointed at the tasty food. The orangutans also gesture if
they like or dislike the food. Hand gestures 8 rep eat / a r e
rep eated until they receive the food they want.

n o t a llo w give in te rv ie w n o t publish

send sw itch ta k e w ear
 bones clay ke yb o a rd paper papyrus
stones

o
2 .8
a fte r yo u 'v e e n ro lle d can I enrol
it's very easy w h e n y o u 'v e paid in fu ll
you can go o n lin e you n eed yo u 'll have to

H o w do I use First, yo u n e e d to
this D V D p la y e r? press play.

o
 Title First Initial Middle Initial

K IN G ’S Snrnamp

H O TE L Address

Post rode

Contact no. (daytime/evening)______________________________________________________________

No. of nights_________________________ Check-in date__________________________ Check-out date

Occupancy: single_____________________________double______________________________ twin

Cardholder's name and address (if different from above)

Credit card Card number

Issue date . Expiry date _

► W O R D B U IL D IN G phrasal verbs

► PHRASAL VERBS

call back call ro u n d g e t up g ive up

go o u t go up lo o k up p u t on
 cam era cam p ing caterin g cruise fiv e-s tar
package sightseeing sleeping bags

The O utdoor Store con supply all y o u r4 ....................

needs this summer with high quality tents, cooking
equipm ent, 5 ....... — .......... -..ond the very best in
6 ........... equipm ent to photograph w ildlife.

B efore 1 visited
n o rth e rn Norway,

(be) to m any parts

o f th e w o rld ,
including th e
so u th ern m ost
p o in t o f P atagonia.

(see) m any natural

w o n d e rs , b u t I
3 (n o t im ag ine) th a t a place so n ear my
ow n hom e co u n try o f Ireland w o u ld b e so b eau tiful. W e
4 (d rive) all d ay up th e coast o f N o rw ay
and finally w e 5 ____________ (arrive) ju s t as th e sun
w as d is a p p e arin g . A b o v e us w e re th e n o rth e rn lights in
th e sky. T h e colou rs w e re a m a zin g and th e y seem e d to
dance. W e 6 (n o t exp ec t) th a t th e y w o u ld
be so stunning.

o
2 .1 3
ancien t fascinating stun ning u n fo rg e tta b le
u n iq u e

told wp
it
lots of fish
0 « t *lso of
11 fin d to So
* long
Arrived here tw o weeks ago. One more
i
week to go. Have seen some g re a t
th e a tre and lo ts o f g re a t live music.
I’m exhausted, b u t th e re ’s more to
before we go home. I th in k th e m o s t
m em orable event was a group o f
s from China. Will te ll you more
next week. Don’t work to o hard!

a v & r v w ln e - r e - e -^ Y

„r cV,itec^re U . ^
o
P

o
► W O R D B U IL D IN G d e p e n d e n t p rep o sitio n s

1 I’m a fra id fro m spiders.

2 We arrived t e th e s ta tio n .

a b o u t (x2) by in o f (x2) w ith (x2)

3 She tra v e ls to work w ith th e tra in .

4 I am w riting to complain fop yo u r service.

5 My answ er is d iffe re n t th a n yours.

6 I’m n o t very good m a rt.

7 Angela is m arried w ith David.

 Early invaders of
T h e City o f Y ork is tw o hours
n o rth o f L o n d o n .1................
N ow adays, thou sands o f tourists
visit o n e o f England's m ost
historical cities every year. It
has survived fo r nearly tw o
th o u sa n d years. In th e centre
you can see th e b e a u tifu l York
M inster, p le n ty o f m useum s, inclu ding th e ra ilw a y m useum .
2................But th e long history o f York is fa r fro m peaceful, and
m any foreigners played th e ir p art in th e city's earliest years.

M uch o f w h a t is n o w England was controlled by th e Roman

Em pire fo r m any years and th e Romans started building th e city
o f York in 71 A D . It was a useful place fo r arm ies to stop on th e ir
w a y to th e n o r th .3 ................But eventually, as th e local people
fo u g h t th e Romans, th e Romans le ft th e city, and fo r a w h ile it
retu rn ed to th e English.

H ow ever, o th e r invaders soon arrived in England by sea.

V ikings fro m Scandinavia cam e to York in th e n in th century.
Centuries later, in th e 1980s, archaeologists began a huge
project to excavate th e g ro u n d b e n e a th th e cen tre o f York.
They m ad e m any discoveries a b o u t th e life o f th e Vikings, and
to d a y you can see m any objects in th e city's V ik in g m useum .

4 p 4 ------------- Th e n ext (and fin a l) invasion o f B ritain w as in 1066

by W illia m th e C o n q u ero r fro m th e reg ion o f N o rm an d y (n o w
in n o rth e rn France). Like th e Romans, W illia m used York to
control th e n o rth and he b u ilt
a castle here. He also started
bu ild in g a church called York
M inster. Since th e n , York
M in ster has been d a m a g e d
in w ars b u t re b u ilt and m ade
b ig g e r.5 ................

3
archaeologists civilisations discovery
excavate sacrifices statu e
► DIRECT SPEECH

asked rep lied said sh o u ted th o u g h t

mHmmmmmmrnmm
2 .1 9
 2 .2 0

Hiram Bingham had d iffe re n t job s, b u t he is m o s t

fa m ou s as la te r in a life, as a
politician in th e United S ta te s S enate. He was born
in in Hawaii. A s a s tu d e n t, he stu d ie d h is to ry
and p o litic s a t Yale University. Then fo r a few years
he ta u g h t h isto ry, including N o rth A m erican h isto ry.

Hiram never tra in e d as an h is to ria n , b u t he

rediscovered th e lo s t c ity o f Machu Picchu while he
2 .2 0
was tra vellin g in Mexico. He w ro te a b o u t his jou rne y
and re turn e d a few tim e s to th e c ity w ith financial
help from Oxford U niversity and th e N ational
G eographic S ociety.

While in Machu Picchu, Hiram and his te a m

about o ff o u t to up excavated m any A z te c o b je cts and to o k th e m back
to th e US. L ater, th e governm ent o f Peru asked him
to re tu rn m any o f th e objects.

A fte r his y e a rs o f adventures, Hiram re turn e d to

England and s ta rte d a fa m ily w ith his wife A lfreda.
They had seven sons. He became a ca p ta in in th e
arm y, and in th e th irtie s he s ta r te d a career in
p olitics. Bingham died on Uuly 6 ,1 9 5 6 .
 PU NC TU ATIO N CHECK

N am e: Edmund H illary
B om : 1919 in Auckland, New Zealand
Died: 2 0 0 5
F irs t climb: Aged 16 in th e A lps
M ain climbing achievem ent: F irs t man, w ith Tenzing
Norgay, to reach th e su m m it o f M o u n t E verest
A fte r E verest: S p e n t a lo t o f tim e raising money to
help local people in th e E verest region
Q u o te a b o u t climbing: ‘It is n o t th e m ountain we
b u t ourselves.’

tenzing norgay is fam ous because w ith th e clim ber -------------------------------- — --- ------------------------------------------------
edm und hillary he w as the first man to reach th e sum m it
o f m o u n t everest on may 29 1953 he was born in 1914
in a village called th am i near th e border w ith Tibet
he spent m ost o f his life in th e region and w o rke d on
m any expeditions to everest before he reached th e to p ------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ --------------
afterw ards his life com pletely changed and he travelled
all over the w o rld before he died in 1986 he said a b o u t
his life it has been a long road ............................... ..........................................................................
E arly S ixtie s - goes to Gombe N ational Park,
s tu d ie s chim ps, makes discoveries
L ate s ixtie s - publishes a rtic le s and books,
becomes a D octor, makes d ocu m e n ta ry
S eventies - violence in Gombe b u t Jane s ta y s
% 2 .2 2
N a tu re has produced m a n y typ es o f a n im als — som e
o f th e m b e a u tifu l, som e o f th e m ugly. B ut som e o f th e
s tra n g e s t are th e an im als w h ich are a m ix tu re — or
hybrid — o f a n im als. H ere a re fo u r o f n a tu re ’s hybrids.

This rep tile looks as if it’s fro m th e

d ino saur ag e. It has th e m o u th
o f an a llig a to r an d th e bod y
o f a tu rtle an d it is even
called ‘th e d ino saur o f th e
tu rtle w o rld .’ You’ll only
fin d this stra n g e -lo o k in g
cre a tu re in th e rivers,
canals and lakes o f th e
so u th -e a s te rn U n ite d S ta te s
w h e re th e y can live to be 1 0 0 years old.

T h e n o rth ern leo p a rd fro g

used to be c o m m o n in a fe w
coun tries including C a n a d a .
In particu lar, peop le in
re s ta u ra n ts enjoyed e a tin g
th e legs. H o w ever, this frog
w ith th e d a rk spots o f a
leo p a rd is d isap p earin g quickly.
Scientists th in k it is p ro b ab ly because
o f p o llu tio n an d d e fo re s ta tio n .

You can see th e b u tte rfly

fish in th e w a rm w a te rs o f
th e w o rld . T h ere are a b o u t
114 d iffe re n t species and
th e y com e in m a n y colours:
blue, red, orange, o r yellow .
Som e tra v e l in large schools and
others live alo n e until th e y find a m ale
or fe m a le partner, w h o th e y s ta y w ith fo r
th e rest o f th e ir life.

W h e n you ta lk a b o u t n a tu re ’s hybrids,
th e p laty p u s fro m A u s tra lia
w in n er! It has th e nose and
fe e t o f a duck a n d its bod y
is m o re like a b e a v e r’s.
O n land th e y a re q u ite
slow, b u t in w a te r th e y are
excelle n t sw im m e rs and
can s ta y u n d e rw a te r fo r
long periods.
flo o d snow storm sun th u n d e rs to rm
to rn a d o w e a th e r

3 3
 San Andreas Fault

C ru z § \
 econom ic m o d e rn n a tu ra l social
strong tra d itio n a l

2 .2 7

% 2 .2 7
12d
2 .2 8

1 * 2 .2 8

2 .2 9

That's a g o o d idea. Yes, b u t ... I'm n o t sure.

Sounds gre a t! Maybe. No, t h a t w o n 't w o rk .

H o w a b o u t b u ild in g a That's a
n e w p a rk fo r local p eo p le? g o o d idea.
economy industry new s rain
resource sto rm sun w in d