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Chapter 6 Concept Selection

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15 views19 pages

Chapter 6 Concept Selection

Uploaded by

Khaled Attia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEMM1513

CHAPTER 6
CONCEPT
SELECTION
DR. MUHAMAD F AUZI BIN ABD RASED
Department Of Applied Mechanics And Design

School Of Mechanical Engineering


Faculty Of Engineering, UTM Skudai, Johor.
CHAPTER SYNOPSYS
• This chapter discuss about the several methods to concept evaluation and
selection.
• The focus will be on Pugh Concept Selection Method.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
• Chapter 6.1 : Decision Making
• Chapter 6.2 : Absolute Criteria Comparison
• Chapter 6.3 : Pugh Concept Selection Method
• Chapter 6.4 : Measurement Scale
• Chapter 6.5 : Weighted Decision Matrix
• Chapter 6.6 : Analytic Hierarchy Process
DECISION MAKING
• The basic ingredients in every decision are listed in the accompanying table.
• That a substitution is made for one of them does not necessarily mean that a
bad decision will be reached, but it does mean that the foundation for the
decision is weakened.

Basic ingredients Substitute for Basics


Facts Information
Knowledge Advice
Experience Experimentation
Analysis Intuition
Judgement None
EVALUATION METHODS

• Note that these evaluation steps are not limited to the conceptual design phase of the design process.
• They are just as applicable, and should be used, in embodiment design when deciding which of several
component designs is best.
EVALUATION METHODS

• Analyses must be performed to assess whether the system performance is satisfactory


and how well it will perform.
• Concept designs that do not survive are revised, improved, or discarded.
• Those with potential are optimized to determine the best performance.
ABSOLUTE CRITERIA COMPARISON
Evaluation based on design feasibility
• The initial screen is based on the overall evaluation of the design team as to the feasibility of each concept.

Evaluation based on technology readiness


• Except in unusual circumstances, the technology used in a design must be mature enough that it can be used in the
product design without additional research effort.
• Product design is not the appropriate place to do R&D.

Evaluation based on customer requirement


• After a design concept has passed filters, the emphasis shifts to establishing whether it meets the customer
requirements framed in the QFD and the PDS.
• The emphasis is not on a detailed examination, but on eliminating any design concepts that clearly are not able to
meet an important customer requirement.
PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD
• A relative comparison technique particularly useful method for
deciding on the most promising design concept.
• This method compares each concept relative to a reference or datum
concept and for each criterion determines whether the concept in
question is better than, poorer than, or about the same as the
reference concept.
PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD (CONT’)
Choose the criteria by which the concepts
will be evaluated
Evaluate the ratings

Formulate the decision matrix


Establish a new datum
and rerun the matrix
Clarify the design concepts
Examine the selected
concept for improvement
opportunities
Choose the datum concept

Run the matrix


PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD (CONT’)
PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD (CONT’)

• The datum is the reference design for the purpose criterion


comparison process.
• The datum can be one of the existing products or one of the
concepts.
• In the case of using the existing product as the datum, the
designer must have a complete idea of the machine.
PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD (CONT’)

• Criteria are the explicit goals that should be embedded to the product.
• In design, it is common to have criteria that are contradict to each other.
• Therefore, to have balance final design, the criteria should be mixture of various
aspects.
• Prior to generate the list of criteria, the designer should classify the criteria into
group and specify the importance for each group.
PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD (CONT’)

• The first column is list of criteria.


• Each criterion will be given certain weightage in the second column.
• The total weightage (ΣAi) should 1 or 100%.
• The main reason to set the total weightage to 1 or 100% is to have
an easy measurement to set the importance of the criterion.
• More important criterion should have higher weightage.
PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD (CONT’)

• To show the magnitude of comparison, when the concept is better than datum based on
specified criterion, positive mark should be given. Vice versa, negative mark is set.
• In the case equal, no mark or zero is set.
• Then, the product of the weightage and mark for each criterion is calculated as in Ai * Xi
(Column 5), Ai * Yi (Column 7), and Ai * Zi (Column 10) for Concept 1, Concept 2 and Concept N
respectively.
• Following the similar process is carried out on all the criteria, the total mark of every concept
can be calculated.
• The mark signifies a better concept will have higher total mark.
PUGH CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD (CONT’)
SCREENING MATRIX SCORING MATRIX

• Analyses must be performed to assess whether the system performance is satisfactory and how
well it will perform.
• Concept designs that do not survive are revised, improved, or discarded.
• Those with potential are optimized to determine the best performance.
MEASUREMENT SCALES
Nominal scale
• “thick or thin,” “red or black,” or “yes or no.”
• The only comparison that can be made is whether the categories are the same or not.

Ordinal scale
• A measurement scale in which the items are placed in rank order, first, second, third, etc.
• Comparisons can be made as to whether two items are greater or less than each other.
• The ordinal scale says nothing about how far apart the elements are from each other.

Interval scale
• A method to determine how much worse A is compared with D.
• Central tendency can be determined with the mean, median, or mode.
WEIGHTED DECISION MATRIX
• A decision matrix is a method of evaluating competing concepts by ranking the design
criteria with weighting factors and scoring the degree to which each design concept meets
the criterion.
• To do this it is necessary to convert the values obtained for different design criteria into a
consistent set of values.
THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a problem-solving methodology for making a choice
from among a set of alternatives when the selection criteria represent multiple objectives,
have a natural hierarchical structure, or consist of qualitative and quantitative measurements.
“Design is not making beauty, beauty emerges from selection,
affinities, integration, love”
- Louis Kahn

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