Ag qta ornmunication-aIEC3208

15imon thoykin
2 BP Lathi
3 Sonjay Shas1ma

*ommUnication
E15 a po1Oces5 OF tYansmpsjn OP
infoimationPom one place to anthei
Place
Of Comm unicaioo
S4stem:
*Block diagiam

Input Tasmittet
IDfoma- Tranducen
|tionSouYCE
infomationConvett o
infommation modulate
X:data, tnto electical
Text
VOÍ, moduatz
bransmittesi can amplify and
*ihe
the 5iqnal
Outtp ut Recieveh
OUtput tvandiAceM demcdculate the
Signal n
* Easic debinrtionS Y

Band uoidth:Tt is the requercy iangae

Oves1 ohidh an infosimation sigal îs
 diffeonence bluo oppen
ranbmtlled.Tt is
owe equendelimits of the Aqnal
EX Music signat (aOHz-15KHa)

15KAZ

BNta-f *

=15,000-30
= 14%80Hz.

*Basz Band Si90al

The elecincal eouINalent OFosigm
Signal is Called BaseBand S1gnal
&Tiansduce output is caled BaszBand
Signa
*Bad pas5 gal
calledl
The modutatedsignalîis
Band pass siqnal
*T91ansmittei output iS Called Band pa15
Stonal
*Mditlation:
I the mOdetla tion poIocess,ttoo
infooinmation
COE UScd one
i13
Signals
(Modulatingsignal)and Cosotie9t siqnal
Signal
Hign fHEQLIencu siqnal)
Modutation ia dehined as some
f: CoaVe (Amplitude
pasiumet91 Cf the casieo
voied in accondance
fvequency, phase)1s
oith the modulatinq signal,
Nec OF Modutation(co) AduantagS

1.educina Aotznna heiqht.

The antema higbt muSt be Al4-times
Of siqml strenqth
A=ioavelength whese
CXIOP 0secnaf
Conbidei messoge stqnal of frequeny
dett9IMiNE heignt of antenma
fIOKHR S0
S0
H 4
Fxt
I08
3X 10xI03
4%
=4500 mett
H SKm.
 Conadeo1 f=IMH3

4XIO6

4x10
H=75mettsh
example 0e have Seduced the
In this by modulatio)
Size oF the antenna
.
techiauC
aMultiplering
poocess in cohich tuo tn
Ttis a
mose signals Can betranšniked thrDUGh
C Single chane
By wing modulation difeent hequery
Signals Can be transmmtbec at thesame
time
3)Tncrnses the 1angOFommonication
The vequency OF BaseBand
Signal i5 louo, and the\ouo fveoqueru
Signalb Cannot travel log distancz, S0

th modulated thmough the CeetiR

nd trauet prq distonce..
Types OF Modulation:
Moctlation

digitalModulation
Analog modlulaticon

Baund
mplitudaz Ang le Bas pass
modulation Modulatjon Band modutation
modulation
AM PM

DSB EM
Pulsc
pulse
-NBFMmalog digital
moculdton modutatio
PCM
VSB WBEM PAM
-pM BPCM

-PPM OM

ADM
paimo
Slanaltin Signallig
BPSK
ASK epSK
PSK
FM-pSK
-FSK
6AM
 Mocdulation)tO)D3B-F¢
* AM(Amplitude
(Doubz Side Eand FullCoTiP
fut
ef:isAmplitide a typeof Of modulation nhoe
CCo1311en Signal isy
the
inaccos1daneoith theaMplitude e
messaqe Signal.
mCt 5t
Amp
cC
mC)=AmCostGmt: Am
CCt = Ac COStSCt
St)= CCt)+ML).C(tA
SC)=AcCosOct +MCt). C0svetssagR 5iqnal
= (Ac+m() CoSu9ct
Ar
CACtAmCoswmt)Cosoct"
Ac.HAm
AC
CosuSmt
Costect CO1s1iesienal
Let Am/Ac-

MOduulationmdex.
AmtAc Ac-Am
SCt)= Ac (tos smt)|
CosLect_

Enyalope
Modutated Signal
st- AC (ostect tAc!lCosuOmt CosEct.
Costeo ET|S (Lo-Leo)t ö (LO +4O)|

AcCostct T Ac.Tt|&(LO-Wt Sluo+U9c)

CoS 19m)t
AcLiCostO mtCos GctF.TAc.TT
CoSA-Cos B = Va.[ cos (A+B)+CLBs (A-S)Cos
.s(t)= Ac.costOct+.ACCs (LActLEmt|
CPC-LOM)t|
+Cos
ACtAm.

AC

Ac-Am

Envelop
p
(MOxiMUm AmpOF Envalo
Amox=Ac+Am
Ampof Eovclope
.
Amin=Ac-Am
=
(Mnimum
Amax-Amin
Amax+-Am

u= Am
AG Ka.Am.
Am= Sesitivíty.
Ac
*YPes 9t MoculatidDn
Lundeo moclutlation (y<iAm<Ac

UD
pesfzct modulation (u=l;/Am:-Ac)

IU
Modu latibn (A;Am>A)
83.0ve

* Feaueny donmain YepMCbentatjonoF Amio

Oingle tonemodtulation
Mct) m
1

A. FT
-fm tm
 C f)
A A
FT O
fe
AY2
ET
Acl LSB
MAY MA

-(fc-fm)fc-(4c+fm)0 fm fc fctfm
1S cqUal to
amplitude oF USB
peaK LSBisequal touAS2
he amplitude of
peak Oid th
K
Te1insmission Bad
B-
fc+fm-fc-m)
+fm-e+im
BW=&Fm.
is tuoice of the
* oidth of Am iqnal
Band
mEssaeg 5iqnaL AM:
ation3 in
*poue1 CoscecttACCos(c+LOmt
Sct Ac
coN uAC Cos (tOc-m)t
LSB
t) = AC COsectt
 pc-Pc+ RosB fis6
Ps= PusB+PLSb
PFc+
2

Ps suAC-V pAC
Po-4-aAc
t fc+15
=%Ac+ 4JAC
PAc1+Ya)wats
EPfidency:
pocoe
side oad
TOtal pouDeN.
uAc
tu
. An
ampltuale robdutated Voltoqgia iven
oy (+04Co 3500t)Co3lot. Acte9mre.
anmpltude and freqteney tf the.mesag
Signal. Also calctttate panduoidth of AM
wwate
olDAm

N (t+0.4Cos 35D0t)CosIbL
SIt)-AcCttcostOm) Cos ct
M.4-
Ac a
MAm Ac
Am-uXAC
0.4-Xa
Am0.3|
2Om=3500
Qurfm 500
XI0
m-3500
m 55432 KHZ
B2fm
x55t38
= [!\H.64
A Modulatine qnal mtt)= 10C0s(81XIo31) is
ampitude modulated oth Canicon imal
CUt- ocos (ATXI03 .Fmd the modulation
indcx, Ca91sje91 potoeS1 na pouges1 aud
o1 tranaoiting. gauv
Sol
Am= IO
AC 5D

AC
Pc-AcC
2
a500
Pe1850N

j850 (t+Co-2
1250 (+0
P 5ootts
Calcutate Moduation maey ca913R1end

Sde bard frequeny fos1 the amplitude

modylated wave queO by theRaLatibn
HD= 3CosaT ( 40Dx Io0)ttacosa11. C390X1E0
+aCoST (4tDXIO00+.
USB
LSB

.
Sot =Am
Ac
St = Ac CosDct+ uAC roe(9c+9m)t+
USB
ACCDS (tSc-Emt
2 LSB
AC 8

uAc 4

tc 40O x100OH
fusB440X1DD0 H3
LS8=3AOXI1006H3 r

a0sin 8noo09
4. An auudio freqpiencqu sigrial
modulate aCasates
amptitude
1s used to C8yIOOOO0t). Nouo Compute.
OP &M 80sin frequencies
MOdulation indeKsi deband
pouoes dalivesied
Bad coidth. total
ola) u Am
AC.
6)fm 5toH
1o00oOH3-+500Ha =d050OHJ
sfSB5DOHZ+|DOO0D
B=
H3 = 99500H3
 CBanduojdth= 2-fm
x5bot3
BtNOOOH3

Pe-(Ac) (8 32KW
2 2

R-FE (HE)
821+O-25) 2

3-a (It O.o625 9

3-+0.031a5
Pe-3-3kn
1
5 Tn an AM MOdu latori 0OKHZ Ca13iiesi o
amplitude 3ov modulated by ioktta mod
.
Cilatirg Sgal cohich Causes a change h
the output uave Of 45V. Computea
Uppe and lowesn sidelbanä requendeh
Modulatton îndex Opak amplitude of
UPpe ad louwe91 Sidebad frequencich
Maximom an minimom amplitudeg f
eneNelope
sol f%-500KHz m=1OKH 3
Ac a0N Am-5
 4ADRH2 510KH3
) Pos6-00+10
fLsB -5d0-10 = 4qDKH3

uAmAC -0.345
Q0
cAusBtOBI)ALSB=H-AS2
O315XAO

.+5y.
d) Amax =AC+Amo
30+-5--5N
Amin Ac-Am
18.5V.
0-45
an amplitude modu larted waver
6. Fos1
the maximM amplitude 6-found tobe
Minimom mplitude is found to be
JOand
Detesmime moduatlon ndex.
6.
S0 Amax= tOV= ActAM=I0
6VAcAm= 6

AC-B UK

Ac 8 Am &

Am -Y0-25
O 25|
M
 1An amplitude mocdutated Signal is a.
o4 SCt) - 10 Cos (aTTXID6 J+ 5C0s (amoe
Cos COTtoot)
. Find a) MDdulationmi
ion inde
)oppei Kotoe1 Slde bane feqrjcey
OAmplittde OP Sidc. ba d) andwidth

So
5 SIt)-ocos (RITAT0LJ+ 5tos (a1TI04)Cos(
St)=Ac 0sect tAc6 LETntC06 1Oct
0) AC 10
MAC 5
510

ACo5XI 2 a.5
fm 103
cJ0 voitr
use fc+fm =io*HHO3
tLS3-fctm = 10- 10
d)8 im
XID
 dsslntion

otniS Cinc dods.cch ao

in the rilated ignal.

*When CoMTje91 Siqnal is positne thetiods

ad Capaciton cha
in the Oiod bias nemtive
Cobiest Signal is
Tvohen the KeuesuSR \oias ond Copacitn-
the diodeis the
clischaging and tinally it reate the
enNelope.
he time taken-fon chainqing shoutd
be shoSTE CompaMed to the casisniest
peiod.
Ks.C Tc
in
RsC c
 *The dischanging time onstant peiind
Should be long, and Kc>A TC

*Distottios CCU 2 ENEpe detech

DOiagonal clipping
Acma op shouoing the
diagonal Clippia
Olp cithout diaqonal
cppina
Ncgative peak PPing:

*Lisadvantagcs DSB-FC:
D poioes WaStaqe in DS6-FC
e Conjeg signal în the ps6-FC S4stem
does not Convey any infonmation The
jnfonmatlon Contoins anly in tie tuoo side
banda, But the Side oansa cLe imaq
Of each oth esm Heme both of hem
Contain Same înfosumeation mus alt th
Infoenmatten Can-be convevee yusinY
 on one Side bad
sequieuement Of cSB-FC m
Banduoith
this afm
Efect of Noise.

the ampPltude
The noise oill chonge mann
Of envalope. in-a Nandom 1.S0
AM LotaNE.
taffect the infozimation în
D58-SC
Bad-Suppresng CanuS).
Eoubte side
Naed DsB-SC
ngPPc+Ps

PeC+

-F+ Pc
P-5
pouwe1 Save in DSB-sci5 66.
The total
aH-18-A
*Ganeoication of DSB-SC:

Balanced DSB-5C
modutato

>8o phaseshift

modu tatos ae Usedto

Rhe balance
Siqnol
Ca121ies1in AM 0aVe.
SuppoC5S the uPpei and
lonaisb of
Thus the outpUt
tou Side bands.
mt AM
Modularto1

Cos1ien|
80 Signat
TPOsEshift
AM
-mCtLMOdulat1&|