BUS TRACKING SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

HARISH K (927622BAL014)

RAMANA M (927622BAL038)

SYED SAMI U (927622BAL048)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING

M. KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KARUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025.

DECEMBER 2023

i
 M. KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous Institution affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “ A Two-Stage Bus Tracking System with Live
Tracking and AI-Powered Seat Availability ” is the Bonafide work of “
HARISH K (927622BAL014), RAMANA M (927622BAL038), SYED SAMI U
(927622BAL048) ” who carried out the minor project work under our supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.R. Raja Guru, M.Tech.,Ph.D. Dr.T.Saravanan,
ASSOCIATE PROFFESSOR AND HEAD SUPERVISOR
Department of Artificial Intelligence Assistant Professor/AI
M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Department of Artificial Intelligence
Thalavapalayam, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering
Karur-639113. Thalavapalayam,
Karur -639113.

Submitted for the Project Work, held on .

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 ABSTRACT

The Advanced Bus Tracking System with Live Tracking and Seat Detection AI
represents a cutting-edge solution to enhance the efficiency, safety, and overall
experience of public transportation. This system harnesses the power of real-time
tracking technology and artificial intelligence to revolutionize the way we interact
with and manage bus services. The core feature of this system is its live tracking
capability, which allows passengers to monitor the precise location of buses in real-
time through a user-friendly mobile application. This not only eliminates uncertainties
associated with bus arrival times but also aids in route planning, reducing waiting
times and ensuring a seamless travel experience. Additionally, the system
incorporates an innovative Seat Detection AI, which employs computer vision and
machine learning algorithms to automatically detect and report the occupancy of each
seat on the bus. Passengers can use the app to view seat availability and select
available seats if they want to be socially distant or prefer roomier seats. In addition,
the system can help drivers and transit authorities monitor overcrowding to ensure
safer travel conditions. Administrators and transit agencies benefit from the system's
comprehensive dashboard, which provides real-time data on bus locations, ridership
and route efficiency. This data-driven approach enables proactive decision making
and optimizes fleet management and service quality.

In summary, the Advanced Bus Tracking System with Live Tracking and Seat
Detection represents a technological leap forward in public transportation. Its
seamless live tracking feature guarantees passengers an enhanced travel experience,
while seat recognition AI promotes safety and social distancing. This system provides
a holistic solution to improve public transportation while promoting a more connected
and informed community.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
CHAPTER
TITLE PAGE NO
NO
ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS vii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Problem Statement 1
1.1.1 Current Issues 2
1.1.2 Consequences 2
1.1.3 Proposed Solution 2
1.2 Objective 3
1.3 Benefits 3
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 4
3. FEASIBILITY STUDY 19
3.1 Web Development 19
3.2 App Development 20
3.3 Hardware Integration 20
4. PROJECT METHODOLOGY 21
4.1 Proposed Project 21
4.2 Project Evaluation 22
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23
6. CONCLUSION 26
7. REFERENCES 27

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NO
1 Database Implementation 5
5 Communication System 9
6 Front-end Implementation using Firebase 13
7 Hardware Implementation using Firebase 17
8 Flowchart of the sequence of events 21
9 Sign-Up Page 23
10 Home Page 1 24

11 Home Page 2 24
12 About Page Insight into the Service 25
13 About Page How the system is integrated 25

v
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TABLE TITLE PAGE NO

1 Database Management 6

2 Communication Systems 9

3 Front-end Implementation 14

4 Hardware Implementation 17

vi
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION EXPANSIONS

GPS Global Positioning System

BaaS Backend-as-a-Service
APIs Application Programming Interface
IVR Interactive Voice Response
HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
HTML The HyperText Markup Language
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
IoT Internet of Things
GUI Graphical User Interface

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

In the bustling urban landscape, efficient public transportation is crucial for ensuring
smooth daily commutes. The Smart Bus Tracker project aims to revolutionize the public
transportation experience by introducing a real-time bus tracking system. This innovative
solution leverages cutting-edge technology to provide commuters with accurate, up-to-the-
minute information about the location and estimated arrival times of buses.A Bus Tracking
System represents a technological solution designed to address these needs, offering a
comprehensive approach to managing and monitoring bus fleets. This system leverages
cutting-edge technologies, such as GPS (Global Positioning System), mobile
communications, and data analytics, to provide real-time information about the location,
status, and performance of buses within a fleet.

1.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

1.1.1 Current issues:

 Unreliable bus schedules: Passengers struggle to anticipate bus arrival times due to
inconsistencies in schedules and delays, leading to long waiting times and missed
connections.
 Limited visibility into bus location: Lack of real-time information about bus
whereabouts hinders effective trip planning and increases uncertainty for passengers.
 Inefficient fleet management: Bus operators lack comprehensive data on bus location,
performance, and ridership, making it difficult to optimize routes, schedules, and
resource allocation.
 Negative passenger experience: The combination of these factors contributes to
passenger frustration, dissatisfaction, and reduced trust in public transportation.

1
1.1.2 Consequences:
Decreased use of public transportation: People turn to alternative modes of travel,
causing increased traffic congestion and environmental impact.

Lost productivity: Passengers waste time waiting for buses, impacting their work, school,
and personal lives.

Inefficient resource allocation: Bus operators struggle to allocate resources effectively,

leading to higher operational costs and decreased service quality.

1.1.3 Proposed solution:

Develop and implement a real-time bus tracking system that addresses these challenges by:

Equipping buses with GPS tracking devices: Providing continuous data on bus location and
movement.

Developing a user-friendly app or platform: Enabling passengers to view real-time bus

location, estimated arrival times, and route information.

Providing data analytics tools: Allowing bus operators to optimize schedules, identify
issues, and improve service efficiency.

Expected benefits:
Improved passenger experience: Increased satisfaction through shorter waiting times,
better trip planning, and enhanced reliability.

Increased ridership: Attracting more passengers to public transportation by making it

more convenient and predictable.

Improved fleet management: Optimizing resource allocation, reducing operational costs,

and enhancing service quality.

Reduced traffic congestion and environmental impact: Shifting passengers towards a

more sustainable mode of transportation.

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1.2 OBJECTIVE:

 Real-Time Tracking: Implement a GPS-based tracking system to monitor the precise

location of buses in real-time.User-Friendly Interface: Develop an intuitive mobile or
web application allowing commuters to easily access bus locations and arrival
predictions.
 Data Accuracy: Ensure the reliability and accuracy of bus location data through robust
GPS technology and data validation mechanisms.Communication Channels: Establish a
communication platform for notifications, alerts, and updates to keep users informed
about delays, route changes, or other relevant information.
 Integration with Existing Systems: Seamlessly integrate the tracking system with
existing public transportation infrastructure, such as bus management databases and
scheduling systems.Accessibility Features: Implement features to cater to diverse user
needs, including accessibility options for individuals with disabilities.

1.3 BENEFITS

 Enhanced Commuter Experience: Provide commuters with the ability to plan their
journeys more efficiently, reducing waiting times and improving overall satisfaction.
 Operational Efficiency: Enable transportation authorities to monitor and optimize bus
routes based on real-time data, enhancing operational efficiency and resource
allocation.
 Environmental Impact: Encourage the use of public transportation by making it more
reliable, contributing to reduced traffic congestion and environmental benefits.
 As our cities evolve, the SmartBus Tracker project strives to create a smarter, more
connected public transportation system, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for
urban residents.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 RESEARCH ON DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Databases play a crucial role in live tracking applications, providing the infrastructure
for efficiently storing, managing, and retrieving real-time location data. These databases
are designed to handle the dynamic and continuous nature of live tracking applications,
such as locating the bus in real time and getting the co-ordinates via an GPRS Module
and storing this data in a reliable and large scale database that can store lots of data. A
popular platform used by many companies that provide real time tracking as a feature on
their apps and websites namely Lyft and Trivago is Google Firebase which is a Backend-
as-a-Service (BaaS) app development platform that provides hosted backend services
such as a realtime database, cloud storage, authentication, crash reporting, machine
learning and remote configuration. The database we are going to use is called the
Realtime Database which comes with Firebase and It will give us realtime updates to data
as it changes in the database, this will be our foundation for this entire project as we have
a capable database that can be easily managed and reliable that can handle lots of data
coming in.

Firebase is known for its ease of use, real-time capabilities, and seamless integration with
other Google Cloud services. It's widely adopted by developers for building modern
applications, especially those requiring real-time updates, authentication, and scalable
cloud infrastructure. Some of the features that were implemented in other findings as per
our research were live seat occupancy that was monitored by ultrasonic sensors and
cameras placed in the bus which could help us identify the capacity of a bus and use
specific algorithms to recommend the bus to fewer people to avoid overcrowding.
Firebase also allows us to focus on the front-end part of the project more as it handles the
majority of the heavy lifting with Google’s powerful APIs and also lets us host the
platform on the cloud so it is more accessible and has a integrated analytic feature which
could help improve the website based on feedback and usage of the users.
4
By leveraging these Firebase features, developers can build a robust and scalable live
tracking application that provides real-time location updates, secure authentication, and
efficient data storage and retrieval. The combination of Firebase services makes it easier
for developers to focus on building the application's unique features while relying on a
reliable and scalable backend infrastructure.

Below we have figure 2.1 where we have represented how we are going to implement the
database and how it is going to be connected to the servers. The website will be
constantly updated with real time data that is being managed by the cloud servers pushing
the data to the website.

Figure 2.1 Diagrammatic representation of Database Implementation

5
Ref. No. Author Methodologies Used
[1] Faraz Ameen Data is constantly updated to the server and
Nechikkadan, real-time data is continuously provided to the
Jijesh Modon, user on the client device.
(2021)

[2] Eddie Chi-Wah Lau A wireless AP is used for system networking.

(2008) Apache server, IVR and two base stations are
connected together thru CAT5 Lan cable
while the wireless configuration is for the
smart phone testing.
[3] Khalifa Salim, The GPS data are sent using Get method of
Ibrahim M. Idrees HTTP protocol, the data at server side are
(2013) stored in a database tables and can be retrieved
as request for position browsing on map.
[4] Junaid Ali, The monitoring software is developed for a
Shahid Nasim user friendly GUI with visual indication of
(2009) location on Google Earth and easy to
understand controls. Continuous or
intermittent updating of location is possible as
demanded by the situation and status of the
monitored vehicle.
[5] Tomas Gerlich, With the help of built-in sensors, such as
James Biagioni GPS, WiFi, and accelerometer, the
(2011) application automatically detects when the
user is riding in a transit vehicle. On these
occasions, it sends periodic, anonymized,
location updates to a central tracking server.

6
 [6] Md Marufi Rahman, In this work, real time Google map and
J. R. Mou, Arduino based vehicle tracking system is
(2016) implemented with Global Positioning
System (GPS) and Global system for mobile
communication (GSM) technology. GPS
module provides geographic coordinates at
regular time intervals. Then the GSM
module transmits the location of vehicle to
cell phone of owner/user in terms of latitude
and longitude.
[7] M. A Hafiizh Nur, In this paper, an integrated online system is
Sugondo Hadiyoso, designed to provide information, including
(2020) bus arrival time, bus position, and the
number of passengers on the bus. This
information system is a website application
that is connected to the Firebase real-time
database so that all data can be accessed in
real-time and then displayed at the bus stop.
Table 2.1 Database Management

The table 2.1 above consolidates the existing works in the field of database
management in vehicle tracking systems.

2.2 RESEARCH ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Bus tracking systems rely on various communication technologies to ensure real-time
data exchange between different components of the system. The choice of
communication systems depends on factors such as coverage, data transfer speed, and
cost. some of the common communication systems used in bus tracking systems are
Global Positioning System (GPS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Mesh
Networks and Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols.
7
GPS is fundamental for determining the real-time location of buses. GPS receivers on
buses communicate with satellites to provide accurate location data. This information is
then transmitted to the central server.RFID technology is used for tracking buses as they
enter or exit specific areas, such as bus stops or terminals. RFID tags on buses
communicate with readers at designated locations, providing information about the
bus's current position.Buses equipped with tracking devices use mobile networks to
transmit data to the central server. This can include location updates, status information,
and other relevant data.Mesh networks allow buses to communicate with each other
directly, creating a decentralized communication system. This can be useful for
transmitting information about traffic conditions, road closures, or other relevant
updates among buses in the fleet.IoT protocols, such as MQTT (Message Queuing
Telemetry Transport) or CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol), can be utilized for
efficient and lightweight communication between buses and the central server in an
IoT-enabled bus tracking system.

The integration of multiple communication systems in a bus tracking system ensures

robust and reliable data transmission, allowing operators to monitor and manage their
fleets effectively in real time. The choice of communication technology depends on
factors such as the operational environment, coverage requirements, and the specific
needs of the bus tracking application.

Sachini Karunathilake’s report on Bus Tracking and Arrival Prediction System

In December 2023 details about the use of GPRS systems and their communication with
the server and the buses.This project is a GPS (Global Positioning System) based
system which helps passengers to know the expected time of arrival of the bus to their
prospective halt or a particular location using present GPS data of the passenger and the
bus. Within the ‘Bus Tracking and Arrival Prediction System’, each bus has a GPS
tracker to track the bus. GPS tracker on the bus is used to locate the bus its coordinates
and the speed of the bus are pushed on to the server to calculate an accurate arrival time
to a user desired destination.

8
 Figure 2.2 Diagrammatic representation of Communication System

Ref. Author Methodologies Used

No.
[8] Sachini Karunathilake GPS tracker on the bus is used to locate
(2023) the bus its coordinates and the speed of the
bus are pushed on to the server to calculate
an accurate arrival time to a user desired
destination. Moreover, the server uses the
received information on buses location and
speed to identify the moving patterns.
[9] Kapil Mundada, The system uses GPS and GSM
Sumedh Patti, technologies to track the location and
Tejas Rajguru, estimated arrival time of buses and transmit
(2023) this information to commuters’ mobile
devices. This technology addresses the
common problem of long waiting times at
bus stops and the uncertainty of bus arrival
times.
[10] Muhammad Wasim In this paper the design and implementation
Raad, of a comprehensive low-cost system based
Mohamed Deriche, on IoT that allows schools, parents, and
Tarek Sheltami authorities to track the movement of
(2021) children while in school buses or being

9
 transported in private vehicles in real time.

[11] Dr. S. Nirmala, The raspberry pi 3 b+ kit implemented into

Dr. R. Mekala, the bus along with GPS receiver. This GPS
Ms. Apurva. P innovation helps in following the constant
(2023) data of the transport like current area and
route between the stops. With the transport
motor turns over, the gadget begins working
and constantly refreshes the area of the
transport. It sends area facilitates as
longitude and scope esteems to the worker.
[12] U. K.Fernando Ruwani, The GPS sensors widely use in vehicle
M. Samarakkody tracking systems followed by the RFID
(2010) technology.Wi-Fi network are the most
popular network while GSM/GPRS
TCP/UDP protocols are the best transport
layer protocol. Mostly used storage method
was observed as the cloud for the smart
vehicle tracking systems, and Kalman filter
was the most popular algorithm in vehicular
tracking systems.
[13] Shusuke Kawai, A 480Mb/s wireless real-time bus trace
Takayuki Ikari
system with a pulse-based inductive
(2009)
coupling channel array was developed using
a 0.25μm CMOS digital process. The size
and pitch of the inductor array are
determined by numerical calculation to
optimize the trade off between the channel
coupling and alignment tolerance.

10
[14] S. S. Naik, Tracking of school bus is done by GPS
T. G. Harshitha, (Global Positioning System) technology.
H. D. Spoorthy, The system alerts parents by notifying them.
(2020) This is achieved through GSM (Global
System for Mobile applications). RFID
(Radio Frequency Identification) identifies
unique id given to each individual.Also an
algorithm is implemented to calculate the
arrival time of the bus in addition to
tracking.
[15] Zuhanis Mansor, the Malaysia Public Bus Monitoring Real-
Fatin Shahmira Binti Time System via GPS and GSM is
Zulfa’is Shah, implemented to help the bus user to track
(2020) the current location of the bus in the form of
latitude and longitude coordinates by using
GPS technology. This technology of Global
Positioning System and Global System for
Mobile communication is used where the
GPS module will track on the current
position of a particular bus by receiving
signal from at least three GPS satellites.

Table 2.2 Communication Systems

The table 2.2 above summarizes the research done on Communication Systems
in vehicle tracking systems.

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2.3 RESEARCH ON FRONTEND IMPLEMENTATION

The front-end implementation in a bus tracking system involves the development of the
user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) components that allow end-users, such as
passengers and administrators, to interact with the tracking system.
The front-end should display real-time bus locations accurately. Users can see the
current position of buses on the map, and the system should update the positions
dynamically as buses move along their routes. Details about each bus, such as its route,
current speed, estimated time of arrival, and other relevant information, should be easily
accessible. This information helps passengers plan their journeys and stay informed
about bus movements. User authentication ensures that only authorized individuals can
access certain features. Personalization features allow users to save favorite routes, set
preferences, and receive customized notifications.
For passengers, the front-end may include route planning features. Users can input their
starting point and destination to receive suggested bus routes, stops, and estimated
arrival times.Passengers may be able to provide feedback or ratings for their bus
journeys directly through the front-end. This information can be valuable for improving
service quality. Administrators may have access to historical data and reporting features
in the front-end. This can include analytics on bus performance, ridership trends, and
other relevant metrics. In addition to passenger-facing features, the front-end may
include a separate interface for bus drivers. This interface provides drivers with real-
time information, route details, and any relevant alerts. The front-end may integrate
with other transportation services or third-party applications, such as payment systems,
to offer a seamless and integrated experience for users. The front-end of a bus tracking
system is a critical component that directly impacts the user experience. It should be
intuitive, responsive, and provide users with the information they need to make
informed decisions about their journeys.

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 Figure 2.3 Diagrammatic representation of Front-end Implementation using Firebase

Mr. Pradip Suresh Mane and Prof. Vaishali Khairnar’s report on Analysis of Bus
Tracking System Using GPS on Smartphones from June 2014 goes states The Website
is the main entry point for most riders when using for the first time. The homepage has
a description of the project, links to the various interfaces, and more details about the
research driven by application. There are three primary interfaces powered by the
website The standard desktop web interface, The Android-optimized mobile web
interface, The text-only web interface.

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Ref. No. Author Methodologies Used

[16] Mr. Pradip Suresh The standard desktop web interface is

Mane, designed to loosely mimic the interface
Dr. Vaishali D. of the main Google Maps website that
Khairnar many users are already familiar with.
(2014) Specifically, the primary view is a
Google map view,with a search field at
the top and a search results panel on the
left. Users can browse the map directly
to see transit stops at a particular
location, Additionally, users can search
by route to display the map of that route
and stops along the route.

[17] J. Navya Sree, Driver Module is tailored for bus drivers,

T. Mamatha who, after providing their unique login
(2021) credentials, gain access to the module.
Student Module is dedicated to students.
Users within this module initiate the
student login, granting them access to
comprehensive information. Through
their smartphones, students can view
details about all buses. This includes
tracking the real-time location of their
respective buses from any location.
The admin module is specifically crafted
for bus administrators tasked with
updating system information. Admins
undergo authentication and authorization
processes to log in.

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 [18] C K Gomathy A Real-Time College Bus Tracking
(2021) Application which runson Android smart
phones. This enables students to find out
the location of the bus so that they won’t
get late or won’t arrive at the stop too
early. The main purpose of this
application is to provide exact location
of the student’s respective buses in
Google Maps besides providing
information like bus details, driver
details, stops, contact number, routes,
etc.

[19] Ankur Ganorkar An application at the parent side will

(2020) allow parents to send a location request
to a child side then retrieve the location
from the request reply and shows it on a
map.

[20] Aman Mishra, In this paper they have discussed which

Advin Manhar, will be the feasible app and convenient
(2020) for all of us to track a cell no. via app.

[21] S. Shibghatullah An application is proposed in this paper

T. Abdurrahman and it uses Global Positioning System
Jalil (GPS) on Android smartphone to
determine the location of a vehicle and
the coordinates is stored in Firebase
Real-time Database
Table 2.3 Front-end Implementation
The table 2.3 above encapsulates the prior work done on Front-end aspects of the
Bus Tracking System.

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2.4 RESEARCH ON HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
The hardware implementation in bus tracking systems involves various components
to facilitate real-time tracking, data collection, and communication. Here are some
common hardware elements used in bus tracking systems:

2.4.1 GPS Module:

A GPS module is essential for determining the vehicle's precise location. There are
various GPS modules available, ranging from basic modules to more advanced ones
with additional features like GLONASS support for improved accuracy.
2.4.2 Micro controller or Microprocessor:
 A micro controller or microprocessor, such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, serves
as the brain of the tracking system. It processes data from the GPS module and
manages communication with other components.
2.4.3 GSM/3G/4G/5G Module:
 A communication module, such as GSM (2G), 3G, 4G, or 5G, enables the
transmission of real-time location data from the vehicle to a central server. This
allows for continuous tracking and monitoring.
2.4.4 Sensors:
 Depending on the desired functionality, various sensors can be integrated, such
as accelerometer s, gyroscopes, or environmental sensors. These sensors can
provide additional data, such as vehicle movement, orientation, or
environmental conditions.

When building a vehicle tracking system, it's important to consider the specific
requirements and features needed, as this will influence the choice of components and
their integration. Additionally, compliance with privacy and data protection
regulations should be taken into account during the system design.

16
Figure 2.4 Diagrammatic representation of Hardware Implementation using Firebase

Ref. No. Author Methodologies Used

[22] Mohamad Khairul, the goal of this research is to develop
Hafizi Rahimi, a bus tracking and monitoring system
(2022) for the UiTM-SAC. Arduino node
micro controller unit and global
positioning system (GPS) sensors
were used to send and receive GPS
location information. The data
retrieved from these sensors were
displayed on an organic light-
emitting diode and stored in a web-
17
 based software spreadsheet.

[23] Keith A. Redmill, Paper on operationalize this traffic

Ekim Yurtsever, surveillance methodology for
(2023) practical applications, leveraging the
perception and localization sensors
already deployed on these vehicles.
[24] Nivesh Wanninayaka A passenger can track a preferred bus
(2023) and reserve seats by choosing
destinations. Artificial intelligence
(AI)-based camera technology is used
to count passengers.

[25] Sharmin Akter, In this paper, a cloud-based bus

Thouhedul Islam, tracking system based on IoT is
(2019) proposed to reduce human
intervention, waiting time andenergy.

[26] Süleyman Eken In this paper, we proposed smart bus

(2014) tracking system that any passenger
with a smart phone or mobile device
with the QR (Quick Response) code
reader can scan QR codes placed at
bus stops to view estimated bus
arrival times, buses' current locations,
and bus routes on a map.
Table 2.4 Hardware Implementation
The table 2.4 above briefs the prior work done on Hardware Implementation of the
Bus Tracking System.

18
 CHAPTER-3
FEASIBILITY STUDY

This paper proposes a two-stage bus tracking system that addresses the limitations of
existing solutions and introduces novel features to improve the overall commuting
experience.

3.1 Web Development

Stage 1: Comprehensive Website with Route and Bus Stop Data

The first stage of the system involves developing a comprehensive website that serves as a
central repository of information for bus routes and stops. This website will provide users
with the following functionalities:

1.Route Map Visualization: Interactive maps will display the complete network of
bus routes, allowing users to easily identify their desired route and plan their journey
accordingly.
2.Bus Stop Information: Detailed information about each bus stop, including its
location, accessibility features, and scheduled arrival times for different routes, will be
readily available on the website.

3. Real-Time Route Updates: The website will display real-time information

about bus locations and any unexpected delays or disruptions, enabling users to make
informed decisions about their commute.

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3.2 App Development
Stage 2: Mobile App and Hardware for Live Tracking and AI-
Powered Seat Availability

The second stage of the system focuses on enhancing the user experience through a
mobile application and hardware integration. The mobile app will offer the following
features:

Live Bus Tracking: Users can track the real-time location of their desired bus on an
interactive map, allowing them to estimate arrival times and plan their journey
accordingly.

Real-Time Seat Availability: Utilizing AI algorithms and sensor data, the app will
provide real-time information about seat availability on each bus, enabling users to choose
the most convenient bus for their travel.

Push Notifications: The app will send push notifications to users regarding bus delays,
cancellations, or route changes, ensuring they stay informed and can adjust their plans
accordingly.

3.3 Hardware Integration

GPS Tracking Devices: Each bus will be equipped with GPS tracking devices
that continuously transmit their location data to the central server.

Seat Sensors: Sensors will be installed on each seat to detect occupancy, providing
real-time data about available seats.

Data Communication Network: A reliable data communication network will ensure

seamless transmission of location and seat occupancy data between the buses and the
central server.

20
 CHAPTER-4

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

Fig
No:
4.1 –

Flowchart of the sequence of events

DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKING FLOW OF PROPOSAL

SYSTEM:

1. Problem Initiation:
Project Scope Definition: Clearly define the scope, objectives, and features of the
Bus Tracking System, specifying what the platform should include.
Team Formation: Assemble a cross-functional team comprising of developers,
designers, project managers, and electronic engineers.
2. Requirements Gathering:
Market Research: Conduct market research to understand user preferences,
streaming trends, and competitor offerings.
User Stories: Create user stories and use cases to capture detailed functional and non-
functional requirements.
3. Architecture and Technology Selection:
Firebase choice: Confirm the selection of Firebase and its APIs as the Technology
stack for the project.
Database Design: Develop a database schema to store user data, content metadata,
and streaming-related information.

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4. Development Phases;
Front-end Development: Design and implement the user interface(UI)
components using React for a responsive and engaging user experience.
Back-end Development: Develop server-side logic using Node.js and Express.js,
including user authentication, content management, and payment processsing.
5. Testing and Quality Assurance:
Unit Testing: Perform unit testing to validate individual components and functions.
Integration Testing: Verify the integration of front-end and back-end components
for seamless operation.
User Tesing: Conduct usability testing with real users to gather feedback and make
necessary improvements.
6. Deployment and Scaling:
Server Setup: Configure servers and deploy the application, ensuring scalability to
handle increasing user traffic.
Load Testing: Perform load testing to assess the system’s ability to handle
concurrent users and high traffic loads.
7. Security and Compliance:
Data Protection: Implement robust security measure to protect user data and
sensitive information.
Compliance: Ensure compliance with data privacy regulations and content
licensing agreements.
8. User Training and Documentation:
Creating user documentation and provide training materials to onboard
administrators and content managers.
9. Ongoing Maintenance and Updates:
Establish a maintenance plan for regular updates, bug fixes and security patches.
Continuously monitor the platform’s performance and user feedback to drive
improvements.
10. Project Evaluation:
Assess the project’s success based on predefined KPIs, such as user adoption rates
and revenue generation.
Identify areas for improvement and plan for future enhancements and feature

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 addition.

CHAPTER-5
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In our project to create a Bus Tracking System using Firebase and IoT (Internet of
Things), we successfully developed a web application that tracks the live location of a bus
gives live feed to a cloud database which is intrepreted by a backend system and sent to
the website. This section of the report discusses the results we achieved and the key
points of discussion.

Results:
1. User Authentication: User authentication is a critical component of our Bus
Tracking System. It enables users to create accounts, log in, and maintain their private
information like location history, live location and personal information securely. We
employed JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for token-based authentication. This approach
enhances security and reduces the need for continuous database queries to check user
credentials.

Fig No: 5.1 – Sign-Up Page

23
2. Home Page: The home page of our website is where the user enters the city or the
location or the pincode he is currently in and it displays all the buses that are currently
coming to the bus stop and the buses that operate through that station. This uses
HTML,CSS and JavaScript for the creation of this webpage.

Fig No: 5.2 – Home Page 1

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 Fig No: 5.3 – Home Page 2
3. About Page: The About page of a website is a critical component that provides visitors
with essential information about the purpose, mission, and identity of the website or the
organization it represents. Here it gives indepth on how our services work and the design
implentation of the wesite. It also gives information on the technologies used.

Fig No: 5.4 – About Page Insight into the Service

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 Fig No: 5.5 – About Page How the system is integrated

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

A Bus Tracking System if implemented could be really helpful for the people that are
largely dependent on public transport and the surveys that we had taken also indicated
positive response for the idea. A Bus Tracking System that has all the necessary
features such as Live Tracking, Seat Occupancy, Bus Routes and the number of buses
operating a specific route could prove useful to the people living in urban areas. The
idea is implement it small scale over multiple cities that have a thriving public
transport system. This research investigated the future scope of the existing systems
and used them to understand what features, adaptations, and abilities should be
applied to the development. This paper presents survey work of research papers on
Database Management, Communication Systems , Software and Front end
Implementation, and Hardware Implementation.

Future work can be done on including better communication from the feeder services
and upgrading the hardware to suit the harsh condition and better transfer data rate
and the use of Cloud Services such as AWS, Salesforce and Oracle for their superior
data integration and features to get analytical data. Building of an User friendly
application on both Android and IOS platforms would get better reach. Another thing
to focus on in development of this project would be to integrate this system in large
scale across various cities that would help better inter-connectivity across buses
although this would be a difficult task to undertake as it requires a lot of funding as
well as the technology for this solution to be feasible would require better
uninterrupted internet access.

26
 CHAPTER 7
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