Ansible Python API Setup

write python code which will execute ansible tasks using ansible APIs
TaskExecutor is the base class that will have common methods
I have different enviornments to setup e.g. mongodb server, fastAPI server, and nginx server
the code should include classes for each of these environments.
these environments are to be created on different OS, OS releases and OS distros. e.g. Ubuntu 18,
Ubuntu20, Redhat, Windows
so the each environment should execute tasks that are specific to OS, OS release and OS distro
There are certain roles that are common to all these environments and there are very specific to one
of the environment.
each role should have its own taskexecutor class that inherits from parent TaskExecutor class above

To achieve this, you can use the Ansible Python API along with Python classes to organize your code
effectively. Below is an example structure for your Python code:

python

import ansible.constants as C
from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.playbook.play import Play
from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager
from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase
import json

class TaskExecutor:
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
self.loader = DataLoader()
self.inventory = InventoryManager(loader=self.loader, sources=inventory_path)
self.variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=self.loader,
inventory=self.inventory)

def execute_task(self, tasks):

play_source = {
'name': "Execute tasks",
'hosts': 'all',
'gather_facts': 'no',
'tasks': tasks
}

play = Play().load(play_source, variable_manager=self.variable_manager,

loader=self.loader)
tqm = None
try:
tqm = TaskQueueManager(
inventory=self.inventory,
variable_manager=self.variable_manager,
loader=self.loader,
passwords=dict(),
stdout_callback=ResultCallback(),
)

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 result = tqm.run(play)
finally:
if tqm is not None:
tqm.cleanup()

class ResultCallback(CallbackBase):
def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, **kwargs):
host = result._host.get_name()
print(json.dumps({host: result._result}, indent=4))

class MongoDBTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)

def execute_mongodb_tasks(self):
tasks = [
{
'name': 'Install MongoDB',
'apt': {'name': 'mongodb', 'state': 'present'}
# Add more tasks specific to MongoDB setup
}
]
self.execute_task(tasks)

class FastAPITaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)

def execute_fastapi_tasks(self):
tasks = [
{
'name': 'Install FastAPI',
'pip': {'name': 'fastapi'}
# Add more tasks specific to FastAPI setup
}
]
self.execute_task(tasks)

class NginxTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)

def execute_nginx_tasks(self):
tasks = [
{
'name': 'Install Nginx',
'apt': {'name': 'nginx', 'state': 'present'}
# Add more tasks specific to Nginx setup
}
]
self.execute_task(tasks)

# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
inventory_path = 'path/to/your/inventory'

# Execute MongoDB tasks

mongodb_executor = MongoDBTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
mongodb_executor.execute_mongodb_tasks()

# Execute FastAPI tasks

fastapi_executor = FastAPITaskExecutor(inventory_path)
fastapi_executor.execute_fastapi_tasks()

# Execute Nginx tasks

nginx_executor = NginxTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
nginx_executor.execute_nginx_tasks()

This code defines a base class `TaskExecutor` that handles the common methods for executing Ansible
tasks using the Ansible Python API. Then, specific task executor classes (`MongoDBTaskExecutor`,
`FastAPITaskExecutor`, and `NginxTaskExecutor`) are defined for each environment.

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Each task executor class contains methods for executing tasks specific to that environment. You can add
more tasks inside these methods as needed. Finally, in the `__main__` block, you can create instances of
these task executor classes and execute the tasks accordingly.

how will above code work for configuring mongodb on ubuntu18, ubunto20 and windows platforms

To configure MongoDB on Ubuntu 18, Ubuntu 20, and Windows platforms, you'll need to adjust the
tasks within the `MongoDBTaskExecutor` class based on the specific requirements and installation
procedures for each platform.

Here's how you can modify the `MongoDBTaskExecutor` class to handle installation on Ubuntu 18, Ubuntu
20, and Windows:

python

class MongoDBTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)

def execute_mongodb_tasks(self, target_os):

tasks = []
if target_os == 'ubuntu18':
tasks = [
{
'name': 'Install MongoDB on Ubuntu 18',
'apt': {'name': 'mongodb', 'state': 'present'}
# Add more tasks specific to MongoDB setup on Ubuntu 18
}
]
elif target_os == 'ubuntu20':
tasks = [
{
'name': 'Install MongoDB on Ubuntu 20',
'apt': {'name': 'mongodb-server', 'state': 'present'}
# Add more tasks specific to MongoDB setup on Ubuntu 20
}
]
elif target_os == 'windows':
tasks = [
{
'name': 'Install MongoDB on Windows',
# Add tasks specific to MongoDB setup on Windows
}
]
else:
print("Unsupported OS")
return

self.execute_task(tasks)

# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
inventory_path = 'path/to/your/inventory'

# Execute MongoDB tasks on Ubuntu 18

mongodb_executor_ubuntu18 = MongoDBTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
mongodb_executor_ubuntu18.execute_mongodb_tasks('ubuntu18')

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 # Execute MongoDB tasks on Ubuntu 20
mongodb_executor_ubuntu20 = MongoDBTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
mongodb_executor_ubuntu20.execute_mongodb_tasks('ubuntu20')

# Execute MongoDB tasks on Windows

mongodb_executor_windows = MongoDBTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
mongodb_executor_windows.execute_mongodb_tasks('windows')

In this modified version, the `execute_mongodb_tasks` method takes an additional parameter `target_os`,
which specifies the target operating system. Based on this parameter, the appropriate tasks for
installing MongoDB are selected. The method is called separately for each platform to ensure that the
correct tasks are executed for each one.

instead of adding so many if else conditional blocks, is there a simple way that i could use

Yes, you can simplify the code by using Ansible's conditional tasks and variables to dynamically select
the appropriate tasks based on the target operating system. Here's how you can modify the
`MongoDBTaskExecutor` class to achieve this:

python

class MongoDBTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)

def execute_mongodb_tasks(self, target_os):

common_tasks = [
# Add common tasks here
]

specific_tasks = {
'ubuntu18': [
{
'name': 'Install MongoDB on Ubuntu 18',
'apt': {'name': 'mongodb', 'state': 'present'}
# Add more tasks specific to MongoDB setup on Ubuntu 18
}
],
'ubuntu20': [
{
'name': 'Install MongoDB on Ubuntu 20',
'apt': {'name': 'mongodb-server', 'state': 'present'}
# Add more tasks specific to MongoDB setup on Ubuntu 20
}
],
'windows': [
{
'name': 'Install MongoDB on Windows',
# Add tasks specific to MongoDB setup on Windows
}
]
}

tasks = common_tasks + specific_tasks.get(target_os, [])

self.execute_task(tasks)

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 # Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
inventory_path = 'path/to/your/inventory'

# Execute MongoDB tasks on Ubuntu 18

mongodb_executor_ubuntu18 = MongoDBTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
mongodb_executor_ubuntu18.execute_mongodb_tasks('ubuntu18')

# Execute MongoDB tasks on Ubuntu 20

mongodb_executor_ubuntu20 = MongoDBTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
mongodb_executor_ubuntu20.execute_mongodb_tasks('ubuntu20')

# Execute MongoDB tasks on Windows

mongodb_executor_windows = MongoDBTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
mongodb_executor_windows.execute_mongodb_tasks('windows')

In this modified version, `common_tasks` are tasks that are common across all operating systems.
`specific_tasks` is a dictionary that maps each target operating system to its specific tasks. When
executing tasks, the method combines the common tasks with the specific tasks for the target operating
system, using `.get()` to retrieve the specific tasks based on the target OS. This avoids the need for
multiple if-else blocks.

rewrite above code to use advanced python OOPS concepts like composition, Abstract classes and
interfaces, method overriding, operator overloading, decorators, etc. whereever appropriate.

Certainly! Let's refactor the code to utilize advanced Python OOP concepts such as composition, abstract
classes, method overriding, and decorators. We'll also incorporate a more modular structure by
introducing interfaces to define common behavior.

python

import abc

# Abstract class defining the TaskExecutor interface

class TaskExecutor(abc.ABC):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
self.inventory_path = inventory_path

@abc.abstractmethod
def execute_tasks(self):
pass

# Concrete implementation of TaskExecutor for Ansible

class AnsibleTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)
self.loader = DataLoader()
self.inventory = InventoryManager(loader=self.loader, sources=self.inventory_path)
self.variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=self.loader,
inventory=self.inventory)

def execute_tasks(self, tasks):

play_source = {
'name': "Execute tasks",
'hosts': 'all',

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 'gather_facts': 'no',
'tasks': tasks
}

play = Play().load(play_source, variable_manager=self.variable_manager,

loader=self.loader)
tqm = None
try:
tqm = TaskQueueManager(
inventory=self.inventory,
variable_manager=self.variable_manager,
loader=self.loader,
passwords=dict(),
stdout_callback=ResultCallback(),
)
result = tqm.run(play)
finally:
if tqm is not None:
tqm.cleanup()

# Abstract class defining the Environment interface

class Environment(abc.ABC):
def __init__(self, task_executor):
self.task_executor = task_executor

@abc.abstractmethod
def configure(self):
pass

# Concrete implementations of Environment

class MongoDBEnvironment(Environment):
def configure(self):
tasks = [
# Add MongoDB specific tasks here
]
self.task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

class FastAPIEnvironment(Environment):
def configure(self):
tasks = [
# Add FastAPI specific tasks here
]
self.task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

class NginxEnvironment(Environment):
def configure(self):
tasks = [
# Add Nginx specific tasks here
]
self.task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
inventory_path = 'path/to/your/inventory'

# Create Ansible task executor

ansible_executor = AnsibleTaskExecutor(inventory_path)

# Create environments and configure them

mongodb_environment = MongoDBEnvironment(ansible_executor)
mongodb_environment.configure()

fastapi_environment = FastAPIEnvironment(ansible_executor)
fastapi_environment.configure()

nginx_environment = NginxEnvironment(ansible_executor)
nginx_environment.configure()

In this refactored version:

We define an abstract class `TaskExecutor` to represent the interface for executing tasks.

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 The concrete implementation `AnsibleTaskExecutor` implements the `execute_tasks` method using
the Ansible Python API.
We also introduce an abstract class `Environment` to represent the interface for configuring
different environments.
Concrete environment classes (`MongoDBEnvironment`, `FastAPIEnvironment`, `NginxEnvironment`)
implement the `configure` method to specify environment-specific tasks.
Dependency injection is used to provide a `TaskExecutor` instance to each environment class.
This design adheres to the principles of composition and follows the Open/Closed Principle, as
adding new environments or task executors does not require modifying existing code.

Instead of AnsibleTaskExecutor, i need class for OS specific TaskExecutor

the main method will first discover the platform and release and based on that create OS/Release
specific taskexecutor and pass to environment object

Got it! We'll refactor the code to have OS-specific task executors and dynamically create the appropriate
task executor based on the platform and release. We'll also introduce a factory method to handle the
creation of task executors.

python

import abc
import platform

# Abstract class defining the TaskExecutor interface

class TaskExecutor(abc.ABC):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
self.inventory_path = inventory_path

@abc.abstractmethod
def execute_tasks(self, tasks):
pass

# Concrete implementation of TaskExecutor for Ubuntu

class UbuntuTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path, release):
super().__init__(inventory_path)
self.release = release
# Additional initialization for Ubuntu TaskExecutor

def execute_tasks(self, tasks):

print(f"Executing tasks for Ubuntu {self.release}:")
print(tasks) # Placeholder for actual execution

# Concrete implementation of TaskExecutor for Windows

class WindowsTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)
# Additional initialization for Windows TaskExecutor

def execute_tasks(self, tasks):

print("Executing tasks for Windows:")
print(tasks) # Placeholder for actual execution

# Abstract class defining the Environment interface

class Environment(abc.ABC):
def __init__(self, task_executor):

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 self.task_executor = task_executor

@abc.abstractmethod
def configure(self):
pass

# Concrete implementations of Environment

class MongoDBEnvironment(Environment):
def configure(self):
tasks = [
# Add MongoDB specific tasks here
]
self.task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

class FastAPIEnvironment(Environment):
def configure(self):
tasks = [
# Add FastAPI specific tasks here
]
self.task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

class NginxEnvironment(Environment):
def configure(self):
tasks = [
# Add Nginx specific tasks here
]
self.task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

# Factory method to create OS-specific TaskExecutor

def create_task_executor(inventory_path):
system = platform.system()
release = platform.release()
if system == "Linux":
if "ubuntu" in release.lower():
return UbuntuTaskExecutor(inventory_path, release)
# Add support for other Linux distributions as needed
elif system == "Windows":
return WindowsTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
# Add support for other operating systems if required
raise NotImplementedError(f"Unsupported platform: {system}")

# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
inventory_path = 'path/to/your/inventory'

# Create OS-specific TaskExecutor

task_executor = create_task_executor(inventory_path)

# Create environments and configure them

mongodb_environment = MongoDBEnvironment(task_executor)
mongodb_environment.configure()

fastapi_environment = FastAPIEnvironment(task_executor)
fastapi_environment.configure()

nginx_environment = NginxEnvironment(task_executor)
nginx_environment.configure()

In this refactored version:

We define separate task executors for Ubuntu (`UbuntuTaskExecutor`) and Windows

(`WindowsTaskExecutor`).
A factory method `create_task_executor` is introduced to dynamically create the appropriate task
executor based on the platform and release.
The environment classes remain unchanged, and they receive the task executor instance via
dependency injection.
The main method first determines the platform and release using the `platform` module and then
creates the appropriate task executor using the factory method.
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 based on the environment and OS specific task executor, the tasks will also vary, where can i define
these environment and os specific tasks

You can define environment and OS-specific tasks within the respective environment classes. Each
environment class can contain a dictionary or method to define tasks specific to that environment.
Similarly, the OS-specific task executors can contain methods or dictionaries to define tasks specific to
that OS.

Here's how you can modify the code to achieve this:

python

import abc
import platform

# Abstract class defining the TaskExecutor interface

class TaskExecutor(abc.ABC):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
self.inventory_path = inventory_path

@abc.abstractmethod
def execute_tasks(self, tasks):
pass

# Concrete implementation of TaskExecutor for Ubuntu

class UbuntuTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path, release):
super().__init__(inventory_path)
self.release = release
# Additional initialization for Ubuntu TaskExecutor

def execute_tasks(self, tasks):

print(f"Executing tasks for Ubuntu {self.release}:")
print(tasks) # Placeholder for actual execution

# Concrete implementation of TaskExecutor for Windows

class WindowsTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor):
def __init__(self, inventory_path):
super().__init__(inventory_path)
# Additional initialization for Windows TaskExecutor

def execute_tasks(self, tasks):

print("Executing tasks for Windows:")
print(tasks) # Placeholder for actual execution

# Abstract class defining the Environment interface

class Environment(abc.ABC):
def __init__(self, task_executor):
self.task_executor = task_executor

@abc.abstractmethod
def get_tasks(self):
pass

# Concrete implementations of Environment

class MongoDBEnvironment(Environment):
def get_tasks(self):
return [

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 # MongoDB specific tasks here
]

class FastAPIEnvironment(Environment):
def get_tasks(self):
return [
# FastAPI specific tasks here
]

class NginxEnvironment(Environment):
def get_tasks(self):
return [
# Nginx specific tasks here
]

# Factory method to create OS-specific TaskExecutor

def create_task_executor(inventory_path):
system = platform.system()
release = platform.release()
if system == "Linux":
if "ubuntu" in release.lower():
return UbuntuTaskExecutor(inventory_path, release)
# Add support for other Linux distributions as needed
elif system == "Windows":
return WindowsTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
# Add support for other operating systems if required
raise NotImplementedError(f"Unsupported platform: {system}")

# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
inventory_path = 'path/to/your/inventory'

# Create OS-specific TaskExecutor

task_executor = create_task_executor(inventory_path)

# Create environments and configure them

mongodb_environment = MongoDBEnvironment(task_executor)
tasks = mongodb_environment.get_tasks()
task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

fastapi_environment = FastAPIEnvironment(task_executor)
tasks = fastapi_environment.get_tasks()
task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

nginx_environment = NginxEnvironment(task_executor)
tasks = nginx_environment.get_tasks()
task_executor.execute_tasks(tasks)

In this version:

The `Environment` interface now includes a method `get_tasks` which returns a list of tasks specific
to that environment.
Each environment class (`MongoDBEnvironment`, `FastAPIEnvironment`, `NginxEnvironment`)
implements the `get_tasks` method to return environment-specific tasks.
The task executor's `execute_tasks` method remains responsible for executing the tasks passed to
it.
The main method retrieves the tasks from the environment instances and passes them to the task
executor for execution.

how does the create_task_Executor check the OS of machines listed in inventory

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Apologies for the oversight. In the provided code, `create_task_executor` does not directly check the OS
of machines listed in the inventory. Instead, it determines the platform and release of the local machine
where the script is running using the `platform` module. This is not sufficient for determining the OS of
the target machines listed in the inventory.

To determine the OS of the target machines listed in the inventory, you would typically use Ansible's
inventory system. Ansible inventories can contain information about the target machines, including
their OS and other attributes. You can parse the inventory file to extract this information and then
decide which task executor to create based on it.

Here's an example of how you can modify the code to use Ansible's inventory system to determine the
OS of the target machines:

python

# Assuming you have an Ansible inventory file 'inventory.ini' like this:

# [ubuntu]
# ubuntu_machine ansible_host=192.168.1.100
# [windows]
# windows_machine ansible_host=192.168.1.101

# Factory method to create OS-specific TaskExecutor

def create_task_executor(inventory_path):
loader = DataLoader()
inventory = InventoryManager(loader=loader, sources=inventory_path)

# Check the groups in the inventory

ubuntu_group = inventory.get_group('ubuntu')
windows_group = inventory.get_group('windows')

# Assuming each group contains only one host for simplicity

if ubuntu_group:
return UbuntuTaskExecutor(inventory_path,
ubuntu_group.hosts[0].vars['ansible_distribution'])
elif windows_group:
return WindowsTaskExecutor(inventory_path)
else:
raise ValueError("No supported OS found in the inventory")

# Example usage:
if __name__ == "__main__":
inventory_path = 'inventory.ini'

# Create OS-specific TaskExecutor

task_executor = create_task_executor(inventory_path)

In this example, `create_task_executor` reads the inventory file using Ansible's InventoryManager and
checks the groups defined in the inventory. For simplicity, it assumes that each group contains only one
host. It then retrieves the OS information for the hosts in the respective groups and creates the
appropriate task executor based on that information.

Make sure to adjust the code according to the structure of your actual inventory file. If your inventory
contains more complex group structures or multiple hosts within a group, you'll need to modify the
code accordingly to extract the OS information correctly.

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