Introduction

Background

Jose Rizal, a historical figure in Philippine history whose life and writings
have profoundly impacted the country's identity and independence
movement, was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. During the
repressive Spanish colonial administration of the Philippines, Rizal's
intellectual prowess and revolutionary passion were fostered. Because of his
family's middle-class background, he was able to study overseas and be
exposed to the liberal and enlightenment concepts that were sweeping
through Europe at the time, which was unusual for Filipinos. These
encounters profoundly affected his way of thinking and strengthened his
resolve to fight for justice and reform in his native country.
Rizal had a never-ending fascination and a desire for learning during his early
schooling in the Philippines. After completing his studies at the University of
Santo Tomas, he attended Ateneo, Municipal de Manila. Still, his perspectives were greatly
expanded by his choice to pursue his education in Europe. After graduating from Universidad
Central de Madrid with a degree in medicine. Rizal went on to study at Heidelberg and Paris.
During his travels in Europe, he was introduced to the liberal and enlightenment concepts that
were revolutionising cultures throughout the continent.
Rizal got extensively involved with the Propaganda Movement, a group of
Filipino expatriates pushing for political reforms in the Philippines, while he
was living in Europe.

The movement aimed to rectify the abuses carried out

by the friars who possessed considerable power in the archipelago and the
Spanish colonial authorities. Rizal made numerous contributions to this cause
through his writings, which included articles, letters, and novels criticising
the colonial government and advocating for change. Noli Me Tangere,(1887)
and El Filibusterismso (1891), two of his best-known works, are regarded as
literary classics that inspired the Filipino people to seek change
The cruel critique of the social, political, and theological injustices
committed during Spanish colonial rule is found in Noli Me Tangere, (Touch
Me Not). Rizal highlighted the corruption and hypocrisy of the colonial
authority and the clergy through his characters and story. The work had a
significant influence on the Filipino people, arousing feelings of nationalism
and raising awareness. El Filibusterismo, or The Reign of Greed, its sequel,
explored the themes of oppression and revolution in greater detail. It reflected
Rizal's mounting dissatisfaction with the glacial pace of reform and offered
a more radical approach to change. In addition to his literary accomplishments, Rizal was
politically active helping to create La Liga Filipina in 1892.
Through civic involvement, education, and mutual aid, this civic organisation aims to bring
Filipinos together and advance social improvements. La Liga, Filipina promoted gradual
reform over total independence, preferring to make adjustments within the parameters of
Spanish colonial power. But the Spanish government saw Rizal's actions as subversive, which
resulted in his detention and banishment to Dapitan, Mindanao Rizal carried out his reformist
endeavours in Dapitan, where he established a school, a hospital, and pursued scientific
interests in order to better the town Rizal's influence remained even after his banishment, as he
kept in touch with sympathisers and other reformists. But his banishment did not weaken his
commitment; on the contrary, it cemented his status as a reform and resistance icon.

After being ultimately taken into custody, put on trial, and executed by the Spanish colonial
authority on December 30, 1896, Rizal became a martyr for the Filipino cause. His passing
served as impetus for the Philippine Revolution, which was spearheaded by the Katipunan, a
group that advocated using force to achieve independence. The martyrdom of Rizal energised
the revolutionary cause and motivated innumerable Filipinos to go on the struggle for liberty
and fairness. Beyond his death, Rizal's influence endures because he is regarded as the
Philippines' most revered national hero. Public holidays, educational institutions, and
monuments all honour his contributions to the political and intellectual life of the country. The
ideals and works of Rizal are still studied and honoured today, and they will continue to inspire
future Filipino generations.

The study of Jose Rizal's life and works provides valuable insights into the
dynamics of nation-building and the struggle for independence. Rizal's
emphasis on education, social justice, and national identity offers timeless
lessons on the principles and practices that can foster a strong, unified, and
progressive nation. By examining Rizal's contributions, this paper seeks to
illuminate the enduring legacy of his thought and its implications for
contemporary nation-building efforts in the Philippines

Objectives
This paper's main goal is to examine the complex role that Jose Rizal
played in the Philippines' process of nation-building. This study specifically
attempts to:

1. To examine the theoretical underpinnings of Rizal's conception of

nationhood, paying particular attention to his views on national identity,
social justice, and education.

2. To analyze how Rizal’s political action and literary works influenced the
Development of Filipino nationalism and identity.

3. To discuss about how Rizal’s ideas are still relevant now and how they
Might guide and motivate the Philippines’ ongoing efforts to create its Nation.
Significance of the Study

The importance of this research transcends multiple fields and persons, since
They can all gain from a more profound comprehension of Jose Rizal’s role
In the development of their country. Among these gainers are:

To Students and Educators: For those studying history, political science Literature, and
Philippine studies, this study offers a complete resource. Comprehending the life, ideas, and
works of Rizal can enrich the curriculum
And encourage critical thinking regarding social justice and national identity
teachers can utilise this research to encourage their pupils to interact with historical texts and
concepts, which will help them develop a greater understanding of civic duty and their cultural
legacy.

To Government Officials: This paper provides policymakers and Government officials with
important _ insights into the fundamental ideas behind nation-building. Through a re-
examination of Rizal’s focus on Education, social justice, and an inclusive national identity,
modern leaders
Can extract insights relevant to the difficulties of contemporary governance.
Policies meant to promote social justice, national cohesion, and sustainable
development can benefit from taking into account Rizal’s calls for change moral leadership,
and civic involvement.

To Filipino Public: This study serves as a reminder to the broader Filipino

Audience of Jose Rizal’s lasting influence and his historical accomplishments fostering a sense
of pride and identity based on the principles of justice. Education, and national cohesion is
encouraged. Through comprehending Rizal’s vision and selflessness, filipinos can find
motivation to actively engage in the continuous process of nation-building and make valuable
contributions to the advancement and growth of their homeland.

Future Researchers: This work is a valuable resource for historians, writers

Comprehensive Sociologists, and political scientists since it offers Examination and
interpretation of Rizal’s contributions to the development of Nations. This study can inspire
more investigation into the ways in which
Rizal shaped Filipino identity, the mechanisms of colonial resistance, and the
Wider ramifications of his theories within the international framework of anti-Colonial
movements.

Theoretical, RRL and Discussion

Jose Rizal's vision empowers the Filipino Youth

Everyone thinks of the proverb "the pen is mightier than the sword" when discussing Rizal,
and his two masterpieces, Nolj Me Tangere and El Ẹilibusterismo, are readily remembered.
That line was written in 1839 by English playwright Edward Bulwer-Lytton in a play about a
character "who
understands the power of written words to influence, persuade and change the course of
history." When numerous great persons, like our own Jose Rizal.
are mentioned who exemplified its strength, this adage is never far from my
thoughts. (Jose Rizal's Vision Empowers the Filipino Youth to Be Nation Builders, 2023).

The Root of Rizal’s Nation Building.

Jose Rizal, a Filipino national hero, makes it apparent in his argument that
those who oppose women being treated like warriors are, in fact, missing the mark when it
comes to nation-building. His message to the Malolos ladies highlights women's crucial role in
a country's policies as well as his exceptional progressive understanding (Google Scholar,
2024).

Three Theories about the Roots of a Nation Related to Rizal’s Life

Three Theories regarding the Historical Background of a Country in Relation

Rizal’s Life are discussed. Understanding the many ideas that explain a Nation’s origins is
crucial while understanding Jose Rizal’s life. Regarding the life of Rizal and his influence on
the Philippines, there are three primary
Views that are frequently brought up for discussion First hypothesis is known as the “Great
Man Theory,” and it contends that People like Rizal have a significant influence on a country’s
future. This Argument holds that the rise of Filipino nationalism was significantly Influenced
by the ideals and deeds of Rizal. His literary works, including his Novel, which made the
wrongdoings of the Spanish colonial administration clear, motivated a large number of
Filipinos to fight for their country’s Freedom.

The “Cultural Determinism Theory,” which is the second hypothesis, places Emphasis on how
society and culture shape a country’s course. According to this theory, Rizal’s ideals and beliefs
were affected by his upbringing and Exposure to many cultures, especially while he was
travelling outside. For instance, Rizal’s travels through Europe introduced him to the concepts
of Democracy, equality, and freedom, which he subsequently assimilated into his writings and
support of Filipino rights. The “Structural Theory,” the third Theory, is concerned with the
socio-political and economic systems that form a country. This argument holds that the harsh
colonial system that the Spanish government imposed had an impact on Rizal’s life and deeds.

The “Structural Theory,” the third theory, is concerned with he socio-political and economic
systems that form a country. This argument holds that the harsh colonial system that the Spanish
government imposed had an Impact on Rizal’s life and deeds. Rizal’s ambition for social and
political Change in the Philippines was further stoked by his experiences as a student in Europe
and by his contacts with other intellectuals and reformists fathom the Philippines. To sum up,
these three theories offer various viewpoints on a Country’s origins and how they connect to
Rizal’s life. The Cultural Determinism Theory emphasises the importance of culture and
society, the Great Man Theory underscores the significance of people like Rizal, and the
Structural Theory concentrates on the socio-political and economic Structures.

Conclusion

Jose Rizal left behind a rich legacy as a scholar, writer, and reformist that had
A profound impact on the development of Philippine nationalism. Spanish Colonial rule’s
socio-political inequalities were sharply criticised in his works, “Noli Me Tangere” and “El
Eilibusterismo,” which also sparked a sense of Nationalism among Filipinos. Rizal’s
commitment to nonviolent change and Civic involvement is demonstrated by his involvement
in the Propaganda Movement and his founding role in La Liga, Filipina. As a national hero
whose beliefs about education, social justice, and national identity endure, Rizal’s martyrdom
and ideas drove the Philippine Revolution even after his execution.

Future Implications

• Reform in Education: Rizal’s focus on education as a means of social transformation

and empowerment draws attention to the ongoing need For enhancements in the
Philippine educational system. His writings And ideas might encourage students to
think critically, take on civic Responsibilities, and develop a stronger sense of national
identity by being incorporated into the curriculum.

• Social Justice and Governance: To tackle the issues of contemporary Governance,

policymakers might take a cue from Rizal’s support for Moral leadership and social
justice. A more equitable and harmonious Society can be achieved by leaders putting
openness, accountability and inclusivity first.

• Identity and Cultural Preservation: Rizal’s perspective emphasises the value of

honouring and conserving Filipino history and culture. In he face of globalisation and
cultural homogenization, preserving Cultural heritage can promote solidarity and
resilience by bolstering national identity and pride.

• Youth Empowerment: Rizal’s conviction that young people have the capacity to build
nations serves as a call to invest in the civic involvement, leadership, and education of
this generation. Giving young people a forum to get involved in social issues can help
the country flourish by utilising their creativity and enthusiasm.
References:

Jose Rizal’s vision empowers the Filipino youth to be nation builders. (2023, December 29).
Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2023/12/29/jose-rizal-s-vision-empowers-the-filipino-
youth-to-be-nation-builders

Google Scholar. (2024).

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tl&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Rizal%27s+Nation+Building&
btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1717339909286&u=%23p%3DRiC-1luCabgJ

Shinji June (2024). Background of Dr. José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo de Realonda.
Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/47367061/Background-of-Dr-Jose-Protacio-Rizal-
Mercado-y-Alonzo-de-Realonda

Blackwidow, & Blackwidow. (2019, February 3). Jose Rizal Family – JoseRizal.com.
JoseRizal.com. https://www.joserizal.com/jose-rizal-family/