Some questions here r deleted syllabus

-Omar
PREVIOUS YEARS’ BOARD QUESTIONS
GRADE 10 – MATHEMATICS
1. REAL NUMBERS
1 The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorisation of 196 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 2
2 HCF of two numbers is 27 and their LCM is 162. If one of the numbers is 54, then the other
number is
(a) 36 (b) 35 (c) 9 (d) 81
3 If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3 y2 and
b= xy3, where x , y are prime numbers, then HCF (a, b) is
(a) xy (b) xy2 (c) x3 y3 (d) x2 y2
4 If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as p = ab2 and q = a3 b; a, b being prime
numbers, then LCM (p, q) is
(a) ab (b) a2 b2 (c) a3 b2 (d) a3 b3
5 The least number which is a perfect square and is divisible by each of 16, 20 and 24 is
(a) 240 (b) 1600 (c) 2400 (d) 3600
6 What is the HCF of smallest prime number and the smallest composite number?
7

9 Write the smallest number which is divisible by both 306 and 657
10 If p is a prime number and p divides k2, then p divides:
(a) 2k2 (b) k (c) 3k (d) none of these
11 If the HCF of two numbers is 1, then the two numbers are called
(a) composite (b) relatively prime or co-prime (c) perfect (d) irrational numbers
12 The largest number which divides 70 and 125, leaving remainders 5 and 8, respectively, is
(a) 13 (b) 65 (c) 875 (d) 1750
13 Find the sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorisation of 196.
14 Find HCF of the numbers given below: k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, where k is a positive integer
15 Find the smallest natural number by which 1,200 should be multiplied so that the square root of the
product is a rational number.
16
𝑝
17 Express 0.12̅ as a rational number in 𝑞 form where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are integers.
18 If HCF (336, 54) = 6, find LCM (336, 54).
19 The HCF of two numbers is 23 and their LCM is 1449. If one of the numbers is 161, then find the
other number.
20 Can two numbers have 15 as their HCF and 175 as their LCM? Give reasons.
21 Find the greatest number of six digits exactly divisible by 18, 24 and 36.
22 State Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic. Find LCM of numbers 2520 and 10530 by prime factorization
method.
23 Write whether the following on simplification gives an irrational or a rational number.
24 Prove that √2 is an irrational number.
25 Prove that √2 + √3 is an irrational number.
26 Prove that 2√5 − 3 is irrational, given that √5 is irrational.
27 Can the number 6n , n being a natural number, end with the digit 0? Give reasons
28 Explain why 3 × 5 × 7 + 7 is a composite number.
29 A sweet seller has 420 kaju burfis and 130 badam burfis she wants to stack them in such a way
that each stack has the same number, and they take up the least area of the tray. What is the
number of burfis that can be placed in each stack for this purpose?
30 Two tankers contain 850 litres and 680 litres of kerosene oil respectively. Find the maximum
capacity of a container which can measure the kerosene oil of both the tankers when used an exact
number of times.
31 The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m 50 cm, 6 m 25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find the
length of the longest rod that can measure the dimensions of the room exactly.
32 Find the largest possible positive integer that will divide 398, 436, and 542 leaving remainder 7, 11,
15 respectively.
33 Find the smallest number which leaves remainders 8 and 12 when divided by 28 and 32
respectively.
34 The traffic lights at three different road crossings change after every 48 seconds, 72 seconds and
108 seconds respectively. If they change simultaneously at 7 a.m., at what time will they change
simultaneously again?
35 A circular field has a circumference of 360 km. Three cyclists start together and can cycle 48, 60
and 72 km a day, round the field. When will they meet again?
36 Three sets of English, Hindi and Mathematics books have to be stacked in such a way that all the
books are stored topic wise, and the height of each stack is the same. The number of English books
is 96, the number of Hindi books is 240 and the number of Mathematics books is 336. Assuming
that the books are of the same thickness, determine the number of stacks of English, Hindi and
Mathematics books.
ANSWERS
1 4 (2) 81 xy2
(3) (4) (c) a3 b2 (5) 3600 (6) 2 (7) c (8) a
(9) LCM = 22338 (10) b (11) b (12) (13) 4 (14) HCF = k (15) 3
(17) 11/ 90 (18) 3024
20 No, LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by their HCF
21 LCM = 72; The required number = 999999 – 63 = 999936
22 294840
23 6, rational
29 HCF = 10
30 HCF = 170 litres
31 25 cm
32 HCF(391, 425, 527) = 17
33 LCM = 224 The smallest number which when divided by 28 and 32 leaves remainders 8 and 12 is
224 - (8 +12) = 204
34 432 seconds = 7 minutes 12 seconds past 7 a.m
35

1st cyclist, number of days = 7.5 which is = 180 hours [∵1 day = 24 hours]
2nd cyclist, number of days = 6 which is = 144 hours
3rd cyclist, number of days = 5 which is = 120 hours
By finding the LCM (180, 144 and 120) we’ll get to know after how many hours the three cyclists
meet again.
= 30 days [∵1 day = 24 hours]
36 HCF = 48; Number of Stacks of English books = 2, Number of Stacks of Hindi books = 5, Number
of Stacks of Mathematics books = 7.
2. POLYNOMIALS
1 If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, c  0 are equal, then
(a) c and a have opposite sign (b) c and b have opposite sign (c) c and a have the same
sign (d) c and b have the same sign
2 If one of the zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 +3x + k is 2, then the value of k is
(a) 10 (b) –10 (c) 5 (d) –5
3 The zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x-coordinates of the points, where the graph of y
= p(x) intersects the
(a) x – axis (b) y – axis (c) origin (d) none of the above
4 If  and , are the zeroes of the polynomials f(x) = x – p(x + 1) – c, then (+ 1)( + 1) =
2

(a) c – 1 (b) 1 – c (c) c (d) 1 + c

5 Which of the following is a polynomial?

7 Find the number of zeroes in each of the following polynomials y = p (x):

8 Which of the following is not the graph of a quadratic polynomial?

9

10

11

12

2
13 If zeroes of the polynomial x2 + 4x + 2a are a and 𝑎 , then find the value of a.
14

15 Find the value of k such that the polynomial x2 – (k + 6)x + 2(2k – 1) has sum of its zeroes equal to
half of their product.
16 Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 5 –3 √2 and 5 +3 √2
17 If m and n are zeroes of the polynomial 3x2 + 11x – 4, find the value of

18 If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 – 3x – 2, then find a quadratic
polynomial whose zeroes are:

(i) (ii)
19 If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 – 2x – 8, then find the value of:

20 If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 – p (x + 1) – c, show that:
(+ 1)(  + 1) = 1 − c.
21 If sum of the squares of zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 – 8x + k is 40, find the value of
k
22 If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = kx2 + 4x + 4 such that 2 + 2 = 24,
find the value of k.
23 If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 2x2 + 5x + k such that

24 If zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2+(a+1) x + b are 2 and -3, then find a and b.
25 If one zero of the polynomial 3 𝑥 2 - 8x +2k +1 is seven times of other, then find the value of k
26 Find the zeroes of the following polynomial:

27 If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 6x + a; find the value of ‘a’ if 3 +2 =
20.
ANSWERS
1 (c) c and a have the same sign
2 (b) –10
3 (a) x – axis
4 (a) c – 1
5 (a)
6 (c)
7 1, 2, 3
8 (d)
9 (d)
10 (d)
11 (a)
12 (d)
13 1
14 k =0
15 k =7
16 x2 – 10x + 7
17 - 145/12
18 (i) 16x2 − 9x + 16 (ii) x2 +13x + 4
19 (i) ±6 (ii) 20 (iii) 272 (iv) −16
21 k = 12
22 k = 2/3 and -1
23 k=2
24 a = 0 and b = - 6.
25 2/3
26 − 4√5 −2√5
,
5 5
27 a = - 16
3. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
1 The pair of equations y = 0 and y =− 7 has
(a) one solution (b) two solutions (c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution
2 The pair of equations y = b and x = a graphically represents lines which are
(a) parallel (b) intersecting at (b, a) (c) coincident (d) intersecting at (a, b)
3 Given the linear equation 3x + 4y = 9. Write another linear equation in these two variables such
that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
(1) intersecting lines (2) coincident lines.
4 For what value of p does the pair of linear equations given below has unique solution?
 x + 2y = 5 and 3x + ky + 15 = 0
5

6 Find the values of α and β for which the following pair of linear equations has infinite number of
solutions: 2x + 3y = 7 ; 2αx + (α + β)y =28.
7 Solve for x and y:

8 Solve for x and y:

9 For which values of a and b does the following pair of linear equation have an infinite number of
solutions. 2x + 3y =7; (a – b) x + (a + b)y = 3a + b – 2
10 For which value (s) of p, will the lines represented by the following pair of linear equations be
parallel:
3x – y – 5 = 0 ; 6x – 2y – p = 0
11 Solve graphically the pair of linear equations: x + 2y = 5 and 2x – 3y = – 4. Also, find the points
where the lines meet the line y = 0. Hence find the area of triangle.
12
13 Solve: 37x + 41y = 70 ; 41x + 37y = 86
14 In Figure, ABCD is a rectangle. Find the values of x and y .

15 In the figure, ABCDE is a pentagon with BE||CD and BC||DE. BC is perpendicular to CD. AE = AB =
5 cm, BE = 7 cm, BC = x – y and CD = x + y. If the perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm. find the value of x
and y, given x, y ≠ 0.

16 A father’s age is three times the sum of the ages of his two children. After 5 years his age will be
two times the sum of their ages. Find the present age of the father.
17 Seven times a two-digit number is equal to four times the number obtained by reversing the
order of its digits. If the difference of the digits is 3, determine the number.
18 A chemist has one solution containing 50% acid and a second one containing 25% acid. How much
of each should be used to make 10 litres of a 40% acid solution?
19 A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been 10 km/hr faster,
it would have taken 2 hours less than the scheduled time. And, if the train were slower by 10 km/hr,
it would have taken 3 hr more than the scheduled time. Find the distance covered by the train.
20 The incomes of two persons A and B are in the ratio 8: 7 and the ratio of their expenditures is 19:
16 If their savings are Rs 2550 per month, find their monthly income.
21 The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are extra in a row, there would be
1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would be 2 rows more. Find the number of students
in the class.
22 The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani’s father Dharam is twice as old as Ani and
Biju is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Find the
ages of Ani and Biju.
23 At a certain time in a deer, the number of heads and the number of legs of deer and human visitors
were counted, and it was found that there were 39 heads and 132 legs. Find the number of deer
and human visitors in the park.
ANSWERS
1 (d) No solution (parallel lines)
2 (d) intersecting at (a, b)
3 3x – 5y = 10 ; 6x + 8y = 18 (Answer varies)
4 k≠6
5 Yes
6 α = 4 and β = 8
7 x = a; y = b
8 x = a + b ; y = - 2ab/ (a+ b)
9 a = 5, b = 1
10 p can have any number other than 10
11 (a) (1, 2) (b) (1, 2), (-2, 0), (5, 0) (c) Area = 7 sq. units
12 20, 40, 120
13 x = 3, y = - 1
14 x = 22 and y = 8
15 x = 6 and y = 1
16 45 years
17 36
18 volume of 50% acid solution = 6litres and volume of 25% acid solution = 4litres.
19 600 km
20 Salary of A = Rs 12240 Salary of B = Rs 10710
21 36
22 19 & 16 or 21 & 24
23 Deer – 27; Humans = 12
4. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1 If one root of the equation (k – 1)x2 – 10x + 3 = 0 is the reciprocal of the other, then find the value
of k.
2 Write the discriminant of the quadratic equation (x + 5)2 = 2(5x – 3).
3

5 If the coefficient of x in the quadratic equation x2 + p x + q = 0 was taken as 17 in the place of 13

and its roots were found to be -2 and -15 then the roots of the original equation
(a) (3,10) (b) (-3, -10) (c) (-3, 10) (d) (3, - 10)
6 One of the two students, while solving a quadratic equation in x, copied the constant term
incorrectly and got the roots 3 and 2. The other copied the constant term and coefficient of x 2
correctly as -6 and 1 respectively. The correct roots are:
(a) (3, -2) (b) (-3, 2) (c) (-6, -1) , (d) (6, -1)
7

(a) a > 0 (b) a < 0

8 If (– 5) is a root of the quadratic equation 2x2 + px + 15 = 0 and the quadratic equation p(x2 + x) + k
= 0 has equal roots, then find the values of p and k.
9 For what values of k, the roots of the equation x2 + 4x + k = 0 are real?
10 For what value(s) of 'a' quadratic equation 3ax2 – 6x + 1 = 0 has no real roots?
11 Solve for x: √2𝑥 + 9 + x = 13
12

13 Solve the following quadratic equation for x: 4x2 – 4a2 x + (a4 – b4) = 0
14 Solve for x: x2 + 5x – (a2 + a – 6) = 0
15 Solve the following quadratic equation for x:

16 Solve the following quadratic equation for x: 9x2 – 9(a + b) x + 2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 = 0
17 Solve for x:

18 Solve for x:

19 P & Q are centres of circles of radii 9 cm and 2 cm respectively. PQ = 17 cm. R is the centre of the
circle of radius x cm which touches given circles externally. Given that angle PRQ is 90°. Write an
equation in x and solve it.
20 Divide 27 into two parts such that the sum of their reciprocals is 3 /20
21 In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed due to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip
was reduced by 200 km/h and time of flight increased by 30 minutes. Find the original duration of
flight.
22 A train covers a distance of 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 8 km/h less, then it
would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same distance. Find the original speed of the train.
23 The total cost of a certain length of a piece of cloth is Rs 200. If the piece was 5 m longer and each
metre of cloth costs Rs 2 less, the cost of the piece would have remained unchanged. How long is
the piece and what is its original rate per metre?
24 A shopkeeper buys certain number of books in Rs 80. If he buys 4 more books, then new cost
price of each book is reduced by Rs 1. Find the number of books initially he buys.
25 A train travels at a certain average speed for a distance of 63 km and then travels at a distance of
72 km at an average speed of 6 km/hr more than its original speed. If it takes 3 hours to complete
the total journey, what is the original average speed?
26 A motorboat whose speed in still water is 18 km/h, takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream than
to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
27 In a rectangular part of dimensions 50 m× 40 m a rectangular pond is constructed so that the area
of grass strip of uniform breadth surrounding the pond would be 1184 m 2. Find the length and
breadth of the pond.
28 A pole has to be erected at a point on the boundary of a circular park of diameter 17 m in such a
way that the differences of its distances from two diametrically opposite fixed gates A and B on the
boundary is 7 metres. Find the distances from the two gates where the pole is to be erected.
29 Find the positive values of k for which quadratic equations x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 – 8x + k = 0 both
will have the real roots.
30 If the roots of the quadratic equation (c2 – ab) x2 – 2 (a2 – bc) x + b2 – ac = 0 in x are equal, then
show that either a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
31 If the roots of the following equation are equal, prove that, a/ b = c/ d .

32 If the roots of the quadratic equation (b – c) x2 + (c – a) x + (a – b) = 0 are equal, prove that a , b , c

are in AP.
ANSWERS
1 k=4
2 -124
3 (d)
4 (d)
5 (b)
6 (d) sum of roots = 5, product = - 6. So equation is x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
7 (b)
8 p = 7; k = 7/4
9 k≤4
10 a>3
11 8, 20
12 x = -1, - 1
13

14 x= a – 2 or x = – (a + 3)
15

16
17 x = – a or x= – b
18
y = 3 or – 8 ; x = 15 or 4
19 x=6
20 12 & 15
21 1 hour
22 40 km/h
23 20 m, Rs 10
24 16
25 42 km/h
26 6 km/h
27 34 m and 24 m
Let width of grass strip be x m ; Length of pond = (50 – 2x) m and Breadth of pond = (40 – 2x) m 1
And area of park – area of pond = area of grass strip
28 8 m and 15 m
29 k = 16
30

31

5. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
1 Determine k, so that + 4k + 8, 2k2 + 3k + 6 and 3k2 + 4k + 4 are three consecutive terms of an
k2
AP.
2 Find the common difference of the A.P.

3 Find the tenth term of the sequence:

4 Find the number of natural numbers between 102 and 998 which are divisible by 2 and 5 both.
5 If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P. is equal to 11 times its 11th term, then find its 18th term.
6 Find the middle term of the A.P. 213, 205, 197, ..... 37
7 The sum of three consecutive terms of an A. P. is 21 and the sum of their squares is 165. Find these
terms.
8 Divide 56 in four parts in A.P. such that the ratio of the product of their extremes (1st and 4th) to
the product of middle (2nd and 3rd) is 5 : 6.
9 Prove that the nth term of an A.P. can not be n2 + 1. Justify your answer.
10 If m times the mth term of an Arithmetic Progression is equal to n times its nth term and m ≠ n,
show that the (m + n) th term of the A.P. is zero.
11 The sum of the first 7 terms of an A.P. is 63 and that of its next 7 terms is 161. Find the A.P.
12 If Sn, the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is given by Sn = 3n2 – 4n. Find the nth term.
13 In an A.P. of 50 terms, the sum of the first 10 terms is 210 and the sum of its last 15 terms is 2565.
Find the A.P.
14 If in an A.P., the sum of first m terms is n and the sum of its first n terms is m, then prove that the
sum of its first (m + n) terms is –(m + n).
15 Find the sum of all 11 terms of an A.P. whose middle term is 30.
16 If the sum of first m terms of an A.P. is the same as the sum of its first n terms, show that the sum
of its first (m + n) terms is zero.
17 Find the sum of n terms of the series:

18 Find the sum of the following series: 5 + (– 41) + 9 + (– 39) + 13 + (– 37) + 17 + .... + (– 5) + 81 + (–
3)
19 If m th term of A.P. is 1 /n and nth term is 1 /m , find the sum of first mn terms.
20 An A.P. consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the
last three terms is 429. Find the A.P
21 A thief runs with a uniform speed of 100 m/minute. After one minute a policeman runs after, the
thief to catch him. He goes with a speed of 100 m/minute in the first minute and increases his speed
by 10 m/ minute every succeeding minute. After how many minutes the policeman will catch the
thief?
22 The pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a, b and c respectively. Show that:
a (q – r) + b (r - p) + c (p – q) = 0
23 The sum of the first p, q, r terms of an A.P. are a, b, c respectively. Show that:

24 If 1 + 4 +7 +10.... + x = 287, find the value of x.

25 How many terms of the AP : 24, 21, 18, . . . must be taken so that their sum is 78? Explain the
double answer.
26 Find the first negative term of the AP 53, 48, 43, 38 …..
If 21, a, b, -3 are in arithmetic progression. 18
Find the sum of all three digit numbers that leave a remainder 2 when divided by 7. 70692
ANSWERS
1 k=0
2 -1
3
4 89
5 0
6 125
7 4,7,10 or 10, 7, 3
8 8, 12, 16 and 20. & 20, 16, 12 and 8.
9 2, 5, 10, 17, ........., not an AP.
11 3, 5, 7, 9, ...
12 6n - 7
13 3, 7, 11 ... last 15 terms starts from 36 th term
14

15 330
16

17 (7n – 1)/2
18 420
19

20 3, 7, 11, .... , 147

21 After 5 minutes.

24 40
25 4, 13 - sum of 5 th to 13 th term is zero.
26 -2
6. TRIANGLES
1

The length of PR will be:

4 In DABC, DE || BC, find the value of x.

5 In figure, DE || BC in AABC such that that BC = 8 cm, AB = 6 cm and DA = 1.5 cm. Find DE.
6 In figure, AABC is right angled at C and DE ⊥ AB. Prove that ∆ABC ~ ∆ADE and hence find the
lengths of AE and DE.

7 The shadow of a stick 5 m long is 2 m. At the same time the shadow of a tree 12.5 m high is ----
8 In the given figure, if ∠A = 90°, ∠B = 90°, OB = 4.5 cm, OA = 6 cm and AP = 4 cm, then find QB.

9 In the given figure, if ∆ABC – ∆DEF and their sides of the given figure lengths (in cm) are marked
along them, then find the lengths of sides of each triangle.

10 In fig. ∠M =∠N = 46°, express JC in terms of a, b andc, where a, and c are lengths of LM, MN and
NK respectively. Write x in terms of a, b and c

11 In the given figure, DEFG is a square and ∠BAC = 90°. Show that FG2 = BG × FC
12 X is a point on the side BC of DABC. XM and XN are drawn parallel to AB and AC respectively meeting
AB in N and AC in M. MN produced meets CB produced at T. Prove that TX2 =TB×TC.
13 In the adjoining figure, ∠D = ∠E and AD /DB = AE /EC , Prove that ∆BAC is an isosceles triangle.

14 Two right triangles ABC and DBC are drawn on the same hypotenuse BC and on the same side of
BC. If AC and BD intersect at P, prove that AP × PC = BP × DP.
15 In figure, ∠1 = ∠2 and ∆NSQ ≅ ∆MTR, then prove that ∆PTS ~ ∆PRQ.

16 In the given figure, if AB || DC, find the value of x.

17 In ∆ABC, if ∠ADE = ∠B, then prove that ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC. Also, if AD = 7.6 cm, AE = 7.2 cm, BE = 4.2
cm and BC = 8.4 cm, then find DE.

18 In figure, AB || PQ || CD, AB = x units, CD =y units and PQ = z units, prove that

 ANSWERS
1 (b)
2 (d)
3 12
4 x=3
5 2 cm
6 15/13, 36/13
7 5m
8 3
9 AB = 9 cm, BC = 12 cm, AC = 15 cm; DF = 30 cm, EF = 24 cm
10

11

12

14
16 7
17 5.6
7. COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1 Find the point P on X-axis equidistant from the points A(–1, 0) and B(5, 0).
2 Find the distance between the points (a cos θ + b sin θ, 0) and (0, a sin θ – b cos θ).
3 A(5, 1), B(1, 5) and C(–3, –1) are the vertices of ∆ABC. Find the length of median AD.
4 In parallelogram ABCD, A(3, 1), B(5, 1) C(a, b) and D(4, 3) are the vertices. Find vertex C(a, b).
5 If the line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, – 8) is trisected at the points P and Q, find
the coordinates P and Q.
6 A line intersects the Y-axis and X-axis at the points P and Q respectively. If (2, – 5) is the mid-point
of PQ, then find the coordinates of P and Q
7 The x-coordinate of a point P is twice its y-coordinate. If P is equidistant from Q(2, –5) and R(–3,
6), find the co-ordinates of P
8 Prove that the point (3, 0), (6, 4) and (–1, 3) are the vertices of a right angled isosceles triangle.
9 If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points Q(a + b, b – a) and R(a – b, a + b), then prove that
bx = ay
10

11 If A (5, 2), B (2, – 2) and C (–2, t) are the vertices of a right angled triangle with ∠B = 90°, then find
the value of t.
12 Find the ratio in which the line x – 3y = 0 divides the line segment joining the points (–2, – 5) and
(6, 3). Find the coordinates of the point of intersection.
13 If coordinates of two adjacent vertices of a parallelogram are (3, 2), (1, 0) and diagonals bisect
each other at (2, – 5), find coordinates of the other two vertices.
14 Two vertices of a triangle are (1, 4) and (3, 1). If the centroid of the triangle is the origin, find the
third vertex.
15

16 In the given figure DABC is an equilateral triangle of side 3 units. Find the co-ordinates of the
other two vertices.

17 Show that ∆ABC with vertices A(– 2, 0), B(0, 2) and C(2, 0) is similar to ∆DEF with vertices D(– 4,
0), E(0, 4) and F(4, 0). .
18 The base BC of an equilateral triangle ABC lies on y-axis. The co-ordinates of point C are (0, – 3).
The origin is the mid-point of the base. Find the co-ordinates of the point A and B. Also find the
co-ordinates of another point D such that BACD is a rhombus.
19 Find the centre of a circle passing through the points (6, – 6), (3, – 7) and (3, 3)
20 The coordinates of the midpoints of the sides of a triangle are (4,2), (3,3) and (2,2). What will be
the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle. Hence find the centroid of the triangle.
 ANSWERS
1 (2, 0)
2 √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
3 √37
4 (6, 3)
5 P (3, – 2). Q (4, -5)
6 P (0, -10) and Q (4, 0)
7 (16, 8)
9

10 Each side = 2√2𝑎 units

11 t=1
12 13: 3 ; (9/2, 3/2)
13 (1, – 12) and (3, – 10)
14 (-4, -5)
16
B (5, 0)
17

18
B (0, 3)
19 (3, -2)
20
G (3, 7/3)
8. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
1 If sin A + cos B = 1, A = 30° and B is an acute angle, then find the value of B.
2 If sin A = √3 /2 and cos B = 0, then find the value of B – A.
3
4 If sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃, then find the value of 2 tan 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃.
5 If tan (3x + 30°) = 1, then find the value of x.
6 If √3 sin θ – cos θ = 0 and 0° < θ < 90°, find the value of θ.
7 The value of x if tan (3x – 15) = √3
8 Find the value of Ɵ if 2 sin 2Ɵ = √3 .
9

10

11 If sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 5, then sec 𝜃 - tan 𝜃 = ________

12
1
find the value of 3(𝑥2 − )
𝑥2
13 Determine the value of x such that:

14

15 In the given ∆PQR, right–angled at Q, QR = 9 cm and PR – PQ = 1 cm. Determine the value of

sin R + cos R
16
17 Find cosec 30° and cos 60° geometrically.
18 If sin A + sin2 A = 1, then find the value of the expression (cos2 A + cos4 A).
19
20 If k + 1 = sec2 A (1 + sin A)(1 – sin A), then find the value of k.
21 Prove that b2 x2 – a2 y2 = a2 b2 , if : x = a sec θ, y = b tan θ
22 If 7sin²A + 3cos²A = 4, show that tan A =1/√3
23 If x = r cos A sin B; y = r sin A sin B; z = r cos B. Prove that x² + y² + z²= r²
24 If cos θ + sin θ =√2 cos θ, show that cos θ – sin θ = √2 sin θ.
25 Prove that:

26 (i)
(ii)

27 Show that sec 4 θ – sec 2 θ = tan4 θ + tan2 θ

28 Show that tan4 θ + tan2 θ = sec4 θ – sec2 θ
29

30
Prove:
31

32

33 𝑝2 −1
If sec θ + tan θ = p, then prove that sin θ =
𝑝2 +1
34

35 Prove that: If tan θ + sin θ = m and tan θ – sin θ = n, show that (m2 – n2) = 4√𝑚𝑛.
 ANSWERS
1 ∠B = 60°
2 30°
3 0
4 5/2
5 5°
6 30°
7 25°
8 30°
9 1
10 A = 30° and B = 15°
11 1/5
12 1/3
13 3
14 ∠A = 67.5°, ∠B = 37.5° and ∠C = 75°
15 49/41
16 10/3

18 1
19
20 0
24

9. SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

1 If two towers of height h1 and h2 subtend angles of 60° and 30° respectively at the mid-point of
the line joining their feet, then h1 : h2 is
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 3
2 As some time of the day, the length of the shadow of a tower is equal to its height. Then the Sun’s
altitude at that time is
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 45°
3 The length of shadow of a tower on the plane ground is 3 times the height of the tower. The angle
of elevation of Sun is
(a) 45° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 90°
4 In the figure, what are the angles of depression from the observing position O1 and O2 of the
object at A?
5 If Figure, AB is a 6 m high pole and CD is a ladder inclined at an angle of 60° to the horizontal and
reaches up to a point D of pole. If AD = 2.54 m, find the length of the ladder. (use √3=1.73)

6 A peacock sitting on the top of a tree observes a serpent on the ground making an angle of
depression 30°. If the peacock with a speed of 300 m per minute catches the serpent in 12 seconds,
then find the height of the tree.
7 The tops of two towers of height x and y, standing on level ground, subtend angles of 30° and 60°
respectively at the centre of the line joining their feet, then find x: y
8 From the top of a hill, the angles of depression of two consecutive kilometer stones due east are
found to be 30° and 45°. Find the height of the hill.
9 From a window (9 m above the ground) of a house in a street, the angles of elevation and
depression of the top and foot of another house on the opposite side of the street are 30° and 60°
respectively. Find the height of the opposite house and the width of the street.
10 The angles of depression of the top and bottom of a 12 m tall building, from the top of a multi-
storeyed building are 30° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the multi-storeyed building and
distance between both buildings
11 A man on the deck of a ship, 12 m above water level, observes that the angle of elevation of the
top of a cliff is 60° and the angle of depression of the base of the cliff is 30°. Find the distance of
the cliff from the ship and the height of the cliff.
12 The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found to be 20 m longer when the sun’s altitude
is 45° than when it is 60°. Find the height of the tower.
13 A bird is sitting on the top of a 80 m high tree. From a point on the ground, the angle of elevation
of the bird is 45°. The bird flies away horizontally in such a way that it remained at a constant height
from the ground. After 2 seconds, the angle of elevation of the bird from the same point is 30°. Find
the speed of flying of the bird.
14 The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point A on the ground is 60°. After a flight of 15
seconds, the angle of elevation changes to 30°. If the aeroplane is flying at a constant height of
1500√𝟑 m, find the speed of the plane in km/hr.
15 An aeroplane, when flying at a height of 4000 m from the ground passes vertically above another
aeroplane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two planes from the same point on the
ground are 60° and 45° respectively. Find the vertical distance between the aeroplanes at that
instant. (Take √3 = 1.73)
16 An aircraft is flying at a constant height with a speed of 360 km/h. From a point on the ground, the
angle of elevation of the aircraft at an instant was observed to be 45 0. After 20 seconds, the angle
of elevation was observed to be 300. Determine the height at which the aircraft flying.
(use √3 = 1.732)
17 At a point A, 20 metres above the level of water in a lake, the angle of elevation of a cloud is 30°.
The angle of depression of the reflection of the cloud in the lake, at A is 60°. Find the distance of
the cloud from A,
18 The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60 m above a lake is 30° and the angle of depression
of the reflection of the cloud in the lake is 60°. Find the height of the cloud from the surface of the
lake.
ANSWERS
1 (b)
2 (d)
3 (b)
4 45⁰ ; 30⁰
5 4m
6 30 m
7 1: 3
8 1.365 km
9 12 m; 5.196 m
10 The height of the multi-storeyed building is 18 m. and distance between both buildings is 6 √3 m.
11 48 m
12 47. 31 m
13 29.28 m/s
14 720 km/hr
15 2920 m
16 2732 m
17 40 m
18 120 m
10. CIRCLES
1 If radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then the length of each chord of one circle
which is tangent to the other circle is:
2 In the given figure, PQ is tangent to outer circle and PR is tangent to inner circle. If PQ = 4cm, OQ
= 3 cm and QR = 2 cm then find the length of PR.
3 At one end A of a diameter AB of a circle of radius 5 cm, tangent XAY is drawn to the circle. The
length of the chord CD parallel to XY and at a distance 8 cm from A is----
4

In figure, if ∠AOB = 125°, then ∠COD is equal to ____

5 In figure, AT is a tangent to the circle with centre O such that 0T = 4 cm
and ∠OTA = 30°. Then find AT.

6 Two circles with centres O and O' are of radii 2r and r respectively, touch each other internally at
A. A chord AB of the bigger circle meets the smaller circle at C. Show that C bisects AB.

7 In figure, if PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre O such that ∠APB = 50°, then ∠OAB is
equal to

8 If from an external point B of a circle with centre O, two tangents BC and BD are drawn such that
∠DBC = 120°, prove that BC + BD = BO, i.e., BO = 2BC.
9 In figure, AB and CD are common tangents to two circles of unequal radii. Prove that AB = CD.

10 A quadrilateral ABCD drawn to circumscribe a circle such that AB =10cm BC=11.5 cm, CD=9 cm
find the length of AD.
11
A right triangle ABC, right angled at A is circumscribing a circle. If AB=6cm and BC=10cm, find the radius of
the circle.

12 A is a point at a distance 13 cm from the centre 0 of a circle of radius 5 cm. AP and AQ are the
tangents to the circle at P and Q. If a tangent BC is drawn at a point R lying on the minor arc PQ to
intersect AP at B and AQ at C, find the perimeter of the ∆ABC.

13 AB is a diameter and AC is a chord of a circle with centre O such that ∠BAC = 30°.The tangent at C
intersects extended AB at a point D. Prove that BC = BD.
14 In figure, tangents PQ and PR are drawn to a circle such that ∠RPQ = 30°. A chord RS is drawn
parallel to the tangent PQ. Find the ∠RQS.

15 A circle is inscribed in a triangle ABC, having sides 8 cm , 10 cm and 12 cm. Find AD , BE and CF

16 In the figure, quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribing a circle with centre O and AD ⊥ AB. If radius of
incircle is 10 cm, then find the value of x.

17 In the given figure, two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to circle with centre O from an external
point T. Prove that ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ.
18 In figure, PQ is a chord of a circle centre O and PT is a tangent. If ∠QPT = 60°, find ∠PRQ.

19 In figure, O is the centre of a circle. PT and PQ are tangents to the circle from an external point P.
If ∠TPQ = 70°, find ∠TRQ.

20 In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to a circle from an external point P such that PA = 4 cm
and ∆BAC = 135°. Find the length of chord AB.

21 sects the common tangents at P and Q. 1 Q. 3. If a circle touches the side BC of a triangle ABC at P
and extended sides AB and AC at Q and R, respectively, prove that:

22 In figure AB is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of radius 5 cm. The tangents to the circle at A and
B intersect at P. Find the length of AP
23 From a point T outside a circle of Centre O, tangents TP and TQ are drawn to the circle. Prove that
OT is the right bisector of PQ.
24 From a point P, two tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre O. If OP = diameter of
the circle, show that ∆APB is equilateral.

ANSWERS
1 6 cm
2 √21
3 8 cm
4 55
5 √3
7 25
10 7.5
11 2 cm
12 24
14 30
15 7cm, 5 cm, 3 cm.
16 21 cm
18 120
19 55
20 4 √2 cm
22 20/3
12. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
1 Find the perimeter of the sector of a circle with radius 10.5 cm and of angle 60°
2 A piece of wire 22 cm long is bent into the form of an arc of a circle subtending an angle of 60° at
its centre. Find the radius of the circle.
3 The perimeter of a sector of a circle of radius 5.2 cm is 16.4 cm. Find the area of the sector.
4 The minute hand of a clock is 12 cm long. Find the area of the face of the clock described by the
minute hand in 35 minutes
5 In given fig. O is the centre of a circle, If the area of the sector OAPB is 5/36 times the area of the
circle then find the value of x.
6 If the perimeter of a semi-circular protractor is 36 cm, find its diameter
7 A, B and C are points on the circle with centre O. AB = 14 cm, <ACB = 45⁰. Find the area of the
major segment ACBA.

8 Sides of a right triangular field are 25 m, 24 m and 7 m. At the three corners of the field, a cow, a
buffalo and a horse are tied separately with ropes of 3.5 m each to graze in the field. Find the area
of the field that cannot be grazed by these animals.
9 The short and long hands of a clock are 4 cm and 6 cm long respectively. Find the sum of distances
travelled by their tips in 48 hours.
10 In the given figure ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC, AB = 18 cm and DC = 32 cm and the
distance between AB and DC is 14 cm. If arcs of equal radii 7 cm taking A, B, C and D have been
drawn, then find the area of the shaded region.

11 In the given figure, two concentric circles with centre O have radii 21 cm and 42 cm. If ∠AOB =
60°, find the area of the shaded region.
12 Area of a sector of a circle of radius 14 cm is 154 cm2. Find the length of the corresponding arc of
the sector
13 Two circles touch externally. The sum of their areas is 130π sq cm and the distance between their
centres is 14 cm. Find the radii of the circles.
14 Two circles touch internally. The sum of their areas is 116 π cm2 and the distance between their
centres is 6 cm. Find the radii of the circles
15 The long and short hand of a clock are 6cm and 4 cm long respectively, Find the sum of the
distance travelled by their tips in 24hrs.
16 A chord of length 10 cm divides a circle of radius 5√2 cm in two segments. Find the area of the
minor segment.
17 In the given figure, the shape of the top of a table is that a sector of a circle with centre O and
∠AOB = 90°. If AO = OB = 42 cm, then find the perimeter of the top of the table.
18 In figure, PQ and AB are respectively the arcs of two concentric circles of radii 7 cm and 3.5 cm
and centre O. If ∠POQ = 30°, then find the area of the shaded region.

19 A chord of a circle of radius 14 cm subtends an angle of 120° at the centre. Find the area of the
corresponding minor segment of the circle.
ANSWERS
1 32
2 21
3 15.6 Sq. units
4 264
5 50
6 14
7 150.5
8 64.75 m2
9 Sum of the distances = 32𝜋 + 576 𝜋 = 608 𝜋 cm
10 196
11 3465 cm2
12 22
13 3 cm & 11 cm
14 4 cm & 10 cm
15 954. 56 cm
16 14.28 cm2
17 282
18 9. 625 cm2
19 120.56
13. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
1 The ratio of the total surface area to the lateral surface area of a cylinder with base radius 80 cm
and height 20 cm is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 5 : 1
2 The ratio of the volumes of two spheres is 8 : 27. The ratio between their surface areas is
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 27 (c) 8 : 9 (d) 4 : 9
3 The radii of the base of a cylinder and a cone are in the ratio 3 : 4 and their heights are in the ratio
2 : 3, then ratio of their volumes is
(a) 9 : 8 (b) 9 : 4 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 27 : 64
4 A cylinder, a cone and a hemisphere all have an equal base and have the same height. The ratio of their
volumes is ________
5 If the volume of a sphere is numerically equal to its surface area, then find its diameter.
6 The areas of three adjacent faces of a rectangular block are in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 4 and its volume
is 9000 cu. cm, then the length of the shortest side is:
(a) 10 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 18 cm
7 A solid is in the shape of a cone mounted on a hemisphere of same base radius. If the curved
surface areas of the hemispherical part and the conical part are equal, then find the ratio of the
radius and the height of the conical part.
8 A right circular cylinder and a cone have equal bases and equal heights. If their curved surface areas
are in the ratio 8 : 5, show that the ratio between radius of their bases to their height is 3 : 4
9 A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere of radius 7 cm. The total height of the toy
is 14.5 cm. Find the volume of the toy.
10 Rampal decided to donate canvas for 10 tents conical in shape with base diameter 14 m and height
24 m to a centre for handicapped person's welfare. If the cost of 2 m wide canvas is Rs 40 per meter,
find the amount by which Rampal helped the centre.
11 A metallic cylinder has radius 3 cm and height 5 cm. To reduce its weights, a conical hole is drilled
in the cylinder. The conical hole has a radius of 3 /2 cm and its depth 8 /9 cm. Calculate the ratio of
the volume of metal left in the cylinder to the volume of metal taken out in conical shape.
12 In fig., from a cuboidal solid metallic block of dimensions 15 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm, a cylindrical hole
of diameter 7 cm is drilled out. Find the surface area of the remaining block.
13 A vessel full of water is in the form of an inverted cone of height 8 cm and the radius of its top,
which is open, is 5 cm. 100 spherical lead balls are dropped into vessel. One-fourth of the water
flows out of the vessel. Find the radius of a spherical ball.
14 Isha is 10 years old girl. On the result day, Isha and her father Suresh were very happy as she got
first position in the class. While coming back to their home, Isha asked for a treat from her father
as a reward for her success. They went to a juice shop and asked for two glasses of juice. Aisha, a
juice seller, was serving juice to her customers in two types of glasses. Both the glasses had inner
radius 3 cm. The height of both the glasses was 10 cm. First type: A Glass with hemispherical raised
bottom. Second type: A glass with conical raised bottom of height 1.5 cm. Isha insisted to have the
juice in first type of glass and her father decided to have the juice in second type of glass. Out of
the two, Isha or her father Suresh, who got more quantity of juice to drink and by how much ?

15 The sum of the radius of base and height of a solid right circular cylinder is 37 cm. If the total
surface area of the solid cylinder is 1628 sq. cm, find the volume of the cylinder
16 A toy is in the form of a cone of base radius 3.5 cm mounted on a hemisphere of base diameter 7
cm. If the total height of the toy is 15.5 cm, find the total surface area of the toy (use π =22/7)
17 A 5 m wide cloth is used to make a conical tent of base diameter 14 m and height 24 m. Find the
cost of cloth used at the rate 25 rupees /metre.
18 The total surface area of a solid cylinder is 231 cm². If the curved surface area of this solid cylinder
is 2/3 of its total surface area, find its radius and height
19 From a solid cylinder of height 20 cm and diameter 12 cm, a conical cavity of height 8 cm and
radius 6 cm is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of the remaining.

ANSWERS
1 (d) 5 : 1
2 (d) 4 : 9
3 (a) 9 : 8
4 3: 1: 2
5 6
6 b = 15
7 1: √3
8

9 744.03 cm3
10 Rs 110000
11 133: 2
12 583 cm2
13 0.5
14 Suresh got 42.39 cm3 more quantity of juice.
15 4620
16 241.5
17 2750
18 r = 3.5 cm; h = 7 cm
19 1056
14. STATISTICS
1 Consider the following frequency distribution of the heights of 60 students of a class.

The upper limit of the median class in the given data is

(a) 165 (b) 155 (c) 160 (d) 170
2
and the mean of the distribution is 6, then find the value of p.
3 If mode of a series exceeds its mean by 12, then mode exceeds the median by
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 10
4 The median of a data is 52.5 and its mean is 54, use empirical relationship between three
measures of central tendency to find its mode.
5 If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24, then the difference of median and mean is:
6 In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 10 and the width of the class is 6. The lower
limit of the class is
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 12
7 For finding the popular size of readymade garments, which central tendency is used?
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Mode (d) Both Mean and Mode
8 If X , M and Z are denoting mean, median and mode of a data and X : M = 9 :8, then the ratio M: Z
is
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 9 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 2 : 5
9 Given below is a cumulative frequency distribution of “less than type”.

Change the above data into a continuous grouped frequency distribution

10 Following distribution gives cumulative frequencies of 'more than type'. Change the above data to
a continuous grouped frequency distribution.

11 Find the unknown values in the following table :

12 Given below is the distribution of weekly pocket money received by students of a class. Calculate
the pocket money that is received by most of the students.

13 Find the mean of the following distribution :

14

15 If the mean of the following data is 14.7, find the values of p and q.

16 The median of the following data is 16. Find the missing frequencies a and b, if the total of the
frequencies is 70.

17 If the mode is 34.5, then find the missing frequency.

ANSWERS
1 (a) 165
2 p=7
3 (b)
4 49.5
5 12
6 (b)
7 (c)
8 (c) 4: 3
9

10

11 x1 = 12 , x2 = 6 , x3 = 23 , x4 = 7
12 mode = 86.31
13 181.5
14 Mean = 57. 18; Median = 57. 16
15 p = 11, q = 3
16 8, 7
17 19
15. PROBABILITY
1 20 tickets, on which numbers 1 to 20 are written, are mixed thoroughly and then a ticket is drawn
at random out of them. Find the probability that the number on the drawn ticket is a multiple of 3
or 7.
2 A box consists of 100 shirts of which 88 are good, 8 have minor defects and 4 have major defects.
Ramesh, a shopkeeper will buy only those shirts which are good but ‘Kewal’ another shopkeeper
will not buy shirts with major defects. A shirt is taken out of the box at random. What is the
probability that: (a) Ramesh will buy the selected shirt? (b) ‘Kewal’ will buy the selected shirt?
3 Three different coins are tossed together. Find the probability of getting
1. exactly two heads
2. at least two heads
3. at least two tails.
4 From a pack of 52 playing cards, Jacks, Queens and Kings of red colour are removed. From the
remaining, a card is drawn at random. Find the probability that drawn card is:
1. a black king.
2. a card of red colour.
3. a card of black colour.
5 A number x is selected at random from the numbers 1,2,3 and 4. Another number y is selected at
random from the numbers 1, 4, 9 and 16. Find the probability that product of x and y is less than
16.
6 In figure is shown a disc on which a player spins an arrow twice. The fraction a/b is formed, where
‘a’ is the number of sectors on which arrow stops on the first and b is the number of the sector in
which the arrow stops on second spin. On each spin, each sector has equal chance of selection by
the arrow. Find the probability that the a/b> 1.

7 A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of
getting neither a red card nor a queen.
8 The probability of selecting a red ball at random from a jar that contains only red, blue and orange
balls is 1/4. The probability of selecting a blue ball at random from the same jar is 1/3. If the jar
contains 10 orange balls, find the total number of balls in the jar.
9 A bag contains 18 balls out of which x balls are red.
1. If one ball is drawn at random from the bag, what is the probability that it is not red?
2. If 2 more red balls are put in the bag, the probability of drawing a red ball will be 9/8 times
the probability of drawing a red ball in the first case. Find the value of x.
10 A box contains cards bearing numbers from 6 to 70. If one card is drawn at random from the box,
find the probability that it bears
1. a one digit number.
2. a number divisible by 5.
3. an odd number less than 30.
4. a composite number between 50 and 70.
11 Two players, Sangeeta and Reshma, play a tennis match. It is known that the probability of
Sangeeta winning the match is 0.62. What is the probability of Reshma winning the match.
12 Find the probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sundays
13 Find the probability that a non - leap year selected at random will contain 53 Fridays
14 Cards with numbers between 2 and 99 are placed in a box. A card is selected at random. Find the
probability that the number selected is a multiple of 9.
15 A letter is chosen at random from the word 'MATHEMATICS’ find the probability that the letter
chosen is (i) a vowel (ii) a consonant
16 The probability of selecting a rotten apple randomly from a heap of 900 apples is 0.18. What is
the number of rotten apples in the heap?
17 𝑥
The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain test question is . If the probability of
12
2
not guessing the correct answer to this question is , find the value of x
3
18 A letter is chosen at random from the letters of the word ‘ASSASSINATION’, then the probability
6
that the letter chosen is a vowel is in the form of , then x is equal to:
2𝑥+1

ANSWERS
1 2/5
2 22/25, 24/25
3 3/8, ½, ½
4 1/23, 10/23, 13/23
5 ½
6 5/12
7 7/13
8 24
9 8
10 4/65, 1/5, 12/65, 3/13
11 0.38
12 2/7
13 1/7
14 5/48
15 4/11, 7/11
16 162
17 x=4
18 x=6