Solution

DUAL NATURE

JEE main - Physics

Set A
1.
(d) diffraction and photoelectric effect
Explanation: We know that diffraction exhibits wave nature of light and photoelectric effect exhibits quantum nature of light.
Therefore, diffraction and photoelectric effect exhibit the dual nature of light.
2. (a) 2 eV
Explanation: K.E. = hv - hv0 = 8 eV
−34 15

= 8 eV - ( 6× 10 ×1.6× 10

−19
eV)
1.6×10

= 8 eV - 6 eV = 2 eV
3.
(d) 3λ
Explanation: According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
eVs = −
hc

λ
hc

λ0

Hence, as per question,

eV = −
hc

λ
...(i)hc

λ0

and eV

4
=
hc

2λ
−
hc

λ0
...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get:
hc hc hc hc
− = −
2λ 4λ λ0 4λ0

or, hc

4λ
=
3hc

4λ0

∴ λ0 = 3λ
4.
(b) particle-like behavior of light
Explanation: The photoelectric effect shows that the most commonly observed phenomena with light can be explained by
waves. But the photoelectric effect suggested a particle nature for light. Then electrons too were found to exhibit dual natures.
5.
(b) 2.5 × 1011
hc
Explanation: E = n λ
−34 8

10-7 =
n×(6.626× 10 Js)(3× 10 m/s)

−10
5000× 10 m

n = 2.5 × 1011 photons per second

6.
(c) increase
Explanation: From Einstein’s Photoelectric equation,
hc 1 2
= mvmax + ϕ
λ 2
hc

λ
= eV0 + ϕ ... (∵ 1

2
mvmax
2
= eV0)
1
V0 ∝
λ

Thus, if the incident wavelength is decreased, then the stopping potential will increase.
7.
(b) an electron
Explanation: an electron
8.
(c) 300 nm
Explanation: According to Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
1

2
mv = hν − hν
2
max 0

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 or 1

2
2
mvmax =
hc

λ
−
λ0
hc

where λ is the wavelength of incident radiation and λ is threshold wavelength. 0

2
mv2 = hc ( 1 λ
−
1

λ0
) ...(i)
1

2
m(v2) = hc( 1

λ
−
λ0
1
) ...(ii)
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get
1 1 1 1
−
−
1 λ λ0 1
or
480 600
= =
4 1 1 4 1 1
− −
′ λ ′ 600
λ 0 λ

Solving for λ , we get, ′

λ = 300 nm
′

9.
(d) λ must be less than a particular value λ 0

Explanation: λ must be less than a particular value λ 0

10. (a) The particle could be moving in an elliptic orbit with the origin at its focus.
Explanation: The de Broglie wavelength of the particle can be varying cyclically between two values λ and λ , if the particle 1 2

is moving in an elliptical orbit with origin as its one focus.

Let v1, v2 be the speeds of a particle at A and B respectively and origin is at focus O. If λ , λ are the de Broglie wavelengths 1 2

associated with particle while moving at A and B respectively.

Then, λ = and λ =
1
h

mv1
2
mv2
h

λ1 v2
∴
λ2
=
v1
, since λ 1 > λ2 hence v2 > v1.
From figure we note that origin O is close to B than A.

11.
(d) change in the intensity of illumination into a change in photoelectric current
Explanation: The photoelectric current is directly proportional to the intensity of illumination. Therefore, a change in the
intensity of incident radiation will change the photo current also.
12.
−
−
8
(b) √ 3

h
Explanation: de Broglie wavelength, λ = mv
, when the rms speed of a gas particle at the given temperature is given as:
mv2 =
1 3

2 2
KT
−−−
−
3KT
or v = √ m

−−−−−−
or mv = √3mK T
h h
∴ λ = =
mv
√3mKT
−−−−−−
λ mHe THe
Hence, λHe
H
= √
m TH
H

−−−−−−−−−−−−
(4amu)(273+127)K
−
−
8
= √ = √
(2amu)(273+27)K 3

13.
(d) Gamma rays
Explanation: As P = IA
nhv n
⇒ P = A⇒ P = hv
At t

⇒ v =
P
=
16
15000

−34
= 2.5 × 1021
h(n/t) 10 ×6× 10

As v = 2.5 × 1021 sec-1 ⇒ Radiation lies in gamma region.

2 / 11
14.
−W
(d) e

Explanation: The maximum KE of the photoelectron is given by:

1 2
( mv ) = hv − W
2 max

Now, v = c

λ
and ( 1

2
mv )
2

max
= eV

∴ eV =
hc

λ
− W or V = (
hc

e
)
1

λ
−
W

Since, V is represented along y-axis and ( ) along x-axis, the above equation represents a straight line.
1

Slope of straight line = hc

e
−W
Intercept of straight line = e

15.
(b) λ < λ e p

Explanation: λ e < λp

16. (a) 4.13 × 10-7 m

hc
Explanation: λmax
= 3 × 1.6 × 10
−19
J

−34 8
6.6× 10 ×3× 10
⇒ λmax =
−19
3×1.6×10

= 4.13 × 10-7 m
17.
o

(b) 4133 A
Explanation: As we know,
o
12375 12375
λ0 = = = 4125A
W0 (eV) 3

18.
(d) hc/e
Explanation: The maximum KE of the photoelectron is given by:
1 2
( mv ) = hv − W
2 max

Now, v = c

λ
and ( 1

2
mv )
2

max
= eV

∴ eV =
hc

λ
− W or V = (
hc

e
)
1

λ
−
W

Since, V is represented along y-axis and (1/λ ) along x-axis, the above equation represents a straight line.
Slope of straight line = hc

19.
(b) A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)
Explanation: A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)
20.
(d) Photoelectric effect
Explanation: Photoelectric effect
21. (a) developing an emf
Explanation: developing an emf
22.
(b) The stopping potential is 1.9 V
Explanation: The maximum kinetic energy is,
KEmax = − ϕ
hc

1242 eV−nm
= 280 nm
- 2.5 eV
= 4.4 eV - 2.5 eV = 1.9 eV
Stopping potential V is given by,
eV = KEmax
KEmax
V= e
1.9
= e
eV
= 1.9 V

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23.
−
−
m
−
λe
(d)
p
= 2√
λp me

Explanation: Energy in joule (E) = charge × potential diff. in volt

Eelectron = qeV and Eproton = qp4V
h h
de-Broglie wavelength = λ = P
=
√2mE

λe =
h
and λ P =
h
(∵ qe = qp)
√2 m e eV √2 m P e4 V

h
−−−−−−
2mp e4V
−
−
m
−
λe √2me eV p
∴
λP
=
h
=√ 2me eV
= 2√
me

√2mp e4V

24.
(d) 106 m/s
Explanation: 106 m/s
25. (a) 1 : 2
Explanation: E − W 0 =
1

2
mv
2

First case, 2W 0 − W0 =
1

2
mv
2
1
...(i)
1
Second case, 5W 0 − W0 =
2
mv
2
2
...(ii)
Therefore, from equations (i) and (ii),
2
2 W0 − W0 v v1

5 W0 − W0
=
1

2
or v2
=
1

2
v
2

26.
(b) 1.5 × 1020
Explanation: Here, P = 200W, λ = 0.6μm = 0.6 × 10 −6

Energy converted to light = 25%

hc
Energy of one photon of yellow light = λ
−34 8
(6.6× 10 )×(3× 10 )
−20
= = 33 × 10 J
−6
0.6×10

Energy radiated per second as yellow light

25
= 200 ×
100
= 50 watt
Number of photons of yellow light emitted per second = 50

−20
= 1.7 × 1020
33×10

The closest value is 1.5 × 1020

27.
(d) converts light into electricity
Explanation: A photoelectric cell or photocell is an electronic device that works on the principle of the photoelectric effect and
converts light energy into electrical energy.
28. (a) C and D only
o

Explanation: UV rays have wavelength less than 5500 A. So, irrespective of power, photoelectrons wall be emitted.
29.

(b)

Explanation:

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30.
(c) a dust particle
Explanation: Among the given particles most difficult to experimentally verify the de-broglie relationship is for a dust
particle.
Set B
31. (a) 3E
λ
Explanation: As per question, when KE of particle E, wavelength λ and when KE becomes λ + ΔE wavelength becomes 2
h
Using, λ =
√2mKE

λ h
=
2
√2m(KE+ΔE)

−−−−−−
λ KE+ΔE
⇒ = √
λ/2 KE

KE+ΔE
⇒ 4 =
KE

⇒ 4KE - KE = ΔE
∴ ΔE = 3KE = 3E

32.
(b) Δλ = 4λ 0

Explanation:

Applying momentum conservation

m m m m
× V0 + × (0) = VA + VB
2 3 2 3
V0 VA VB
= 2
=
2
+
3
...(i)
Since, collision is elastic
VB − VA
e=1= V0

⇒ V0 = VB - VA ...(ii)
V0
On solving equations (i) and (ii): VA = 5

Now, the de-Broglie wavelength of A before collision:

h h 2h
λ0 = = ⇒ λ0 =
mA V0 m mV0
( ) V0
2

Final de-Broglie wavelength:

h h 10h
λf = = ⇒ λf =
mA V0 m V0 mV0
×
2 5

10h 2h
∴ Δλ = λf − λ0 = −
mV0 mV0

8h 2h
⇒ Δλ = ⇒ Δλ = 4 ×
mv0 mv0

∴ Δλ = 4λ0

33.
–
(c) √3 : 1
Explanation: λ = h

p
⇒ λ =
h
⇒ λ ∝
1

√2mK⋅E √m
−−
− −−
λα mc √3
So, λc
= √
mα
= √
12

4
=
1

34.
o

(d) 1.7 A
Explanation: de-Broglie wavelength,
h h h
λ = = =
P mv
√2mqV

−34 o

or, λ = 6.6×10

−31 −19
= 1.7 A
√2×9.1× 10 ×1.6× 10 ×50

35.
(c) 9 × 1011

5 / 11
 ∘ ∘

Explanation: Given, λ = 4972 A and λ = 6216 A and I = 3.6 × 10-3 Wm-2

1 2

Intensity associated with each wavelength

= 1.8 × 10-3 Wm-2
−3

= 3.6×10

work function (ϕ) = hv

−34 8
(6.62× 10 )(3× 10 )
hc
= λ
=
λ
3

= 12.4×10

λ
ev

for different wavelengths

= 2.493 eV = 3.984 × 10-19 J
3 3
12.4×10 12.4×10
ϕ1 = =
λ1 4972

= 1.994 eV = 3.184 × 10-19 J

3 3
12.4×10 12.4×10
ϕ2 = =
λ2 6216

Work function for metallic surface (ϕ) = 2.3 eV (given) ϕ 2 < ϕ

Therefore, ϕ will not contribute in this process.

2

Now, no. of electrons per m2-s = no. of photons per m2-s

no. of electrons per m2-s =
−3
1.8×10 −4
× 10
−19
3.984×10

(∵ 1cm2 =10--4m2) = 0.45 × 1012

So, the number of photoelectrons liberated in 2 sec
= 0.45 × 1012 × 2
= 9 × 1011
36.
(c) 20 : 1
Explanation: de-Broglie wavelength, λ e =
h

√2mk

where subscript e referes to electron.

The kinetic energy of the electron,
2

Kelectron =
h

2
...(i)
2m⋅λe

Where h = Plonck's contant λ = wavelength

The photon energy E = ...(ii) photon
ch

From Eqs. (ii) nd (i), we get

Ephoton ch/λ 2
hc⋅ λ 2m 2mλc hc
= = = [λ = ]
Ke le c tron 2 2 2 h v
h /2m⋅ λ h ⋅λ

5
2m 2×5×10
= = = 20 = 20 : 1
h/λc 3
50×10

37.
(c) Graph does not change
Explanation: According to Einstein's photoelectric equation
Kmax = hν - ϕ 0

⇒ eVs = hc

λ
− ϕ0

ϕ
⇒ Vs = hc

λe
−
0

e
where λ = wavelength of incident light
ϕ0 = work function
Vs = stopping potential
hc
Comparing die above equation with y = mx + c, we get slope = e

Increasing the frequency of incident radiation has no effect on work function and frequency. So, the graph will not change.
38. (a) λ < λ < λ
α p e

Explanation: de-Broglie wavelength is given by

h
λ =
√2mK

Let mass of proton = mp

Mass of alpha particle - 4mp
Mass of electron = me
h h h
λe = = =
√2me Ke √2me 4K √8me K

6 / 11
 h
λp =
√2 m p K

h h h
λα = = =
√2mα Kα √2×2mp ×2K √8mp K

It is clear λ > λ p e

As me << mp.
∴ λe >λ p

∴ Correct order will be λ <λ <λ α p e

39.
(c) λ > λ > λ
e p He++

Explanation: de-Broglie wavelength, λ = h

P
=
h

√2m(KE)

1
∴ λ ∝
√m

As m He
++ > mp > me
λ
He
++ < λP < λe or λ e > λp > λ
He
++

40.
(d) 1.5 eV
Explanation: Given, threshold wavelength, λ = 380 nm 0

Wavelength of incident light, λ = 260 nm

Using Einstein’s relation of photoelectric effect,
(KE)max = eV0 = hv - hv0 ...(i)
But hv = E = 1237
eV
λ(nm)

∴ E0 =
1237
eV ...(ii)
λ0 (nm)

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get (KE)max = E - E0 ( 1237

λ
−
1237

λ0
) eV

= 1237 [ 1

λ
−
λ0
1
] eV (λ in nm) ...(iii)
By putting values of λ and λ in Eq. (iii), we get 0

(KE)max = 1237 ( 1

260
−
380
1
) eV
380−260
= 1237 × [ 380×260
] eV
⇒ (KE)max = 1.5 eV

41.
λA
(d) λB
= 2

Explanation: For elastic collision,

Pbefore collision = Pafter collision
mv = mvA + m

2
vB

2v = 2vA + vB ...(i)
vB − vA
Now, coefficient of restitution, e = u − uB
A

Here, uB = 0 (Particle at rest) and for elastic collisions = 1

vB − vA
∴ 1 =
v

⇒ v = vB - vA ...(ii)
From Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii)
vA
= and v =
v

3
B
4v

h
( )
λ mV VB 4/3
Hence, A A
= = = = 2
λB h 2VA 2/3
m
V
B
2

42.
(d) 1.8
Explanation: hc

λ1
= ϕ +
1

2
m(2v )
2

hc 1 2
= ϕ + mv
λ2 2

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 hc
−ϕ
λ1
⇒ = 4
hc
−ϕ
λ
2
hc 4hc
⇒ − ϕ = − 4ϕ
λ1 λ2

4hc hc
⇒ − = 3ϕ
λ2 λ1

1 4 1
⇒ ϕ = hc ( − )
3 λ2 λ1

1 4×350−540
= × 1240 ( )
3 350×540

= 1.8eV
43.
(d) 14.14
Explanation: de-Broglie wavelength associated with a moving charged particle of charge q is λ = h

p
=
h
where, V =
√2mqV

accelerating potential
−
−−
λA √mB qB VB −−
m
− −
q
− VB
Ratio of de-Broglie wavelength for particle A and B is, λB
= = √
B

mA
⋅ √
B

qA
⋅ √
VA
√mA qA VA

−
−− −
− −
− −
−
q 2500
Substituting the given values, we get = √ 4m

m
⋅ √
q
⋅ √
50

= 2 × 1 × 5 × 1.414 = 14.14
44.
(b) 2λ
Explanation: De-Broglie wavelength,
2
h p
λ = (∵ K ⋅ E = )
p 2 m

h h
λ = =
√2mk⋅E √2mE

′ h 2 h
λ = = = 2λ
E √2mE
√2 m( )
4

45.
(d) 4 : 1
Explanation: De-Broglie wavelength,
h h h
λ = = =
mv
√2mK √2mqΔV
−−−−−−−
2 m p Vp q
λα p
∴ = √
λp 2 m α Vα q
α

∴ Vp = 2V and Vα = 4V (given)
mα = 4mp and qα = 2qp
−−−−−
λα 1×2×1 1
∴ = √ = ⇒ λp : λα = 4 : 1
λp 4×4×2 4

46.
(b) 1011 and 5 eV
Explanation: We know that, intensity of a radiation I with energy ‘E' incident on a plate per second per unit area is given as
dE dE
⇒ I = ⇒ IdA or IA
dA×dt dt

i.e., energy incident per unit time = IA

Substituting the given values, we get
dE

dt
= 16 × 10-3 × 1 × 10-4

= 16 × 10-7 W ...(i)
dE

dt

Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation, we can find kinetic energy of the incident radiation as
E= 1

2
mv2 + ϕ
KE = E - ϕ = 10 eV - 5 eV
⇒ KE = 5 eV ...(ii)

Now, energy per unit time for incident photons will be

∵ E = Nhν

∴
dE

dt
= hν dN

dt
or hν ˙
N ...(iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get

8 / 11
 hν N˙ = 16 × 10-7 or EN˙ = 16 × 10-7
But E = 10 eV, so
˙
N (10 × 1.6 × 10-19) = 16 × 10-7 ⇒ N˙ = 1012
= 1011
10
∵ Only 10% of incident photons emit electrons. So, emitted electrons per second are 100
12
× 10

47.
(b) |Py|d > h
Explanation: From Bragg’s equation
d sinθ = λ
sinθ = < 1 λ

∴ λ <d
h h

∣p ∣
< d ...[∵ λ = ∣p ∣
]
∣ y∣ ∣ y∣

∴ h < |Py|d

48.
2λ1 λ2
(c) λ CM =
2 2
√λ + λ
1 2

Explanation: Momentum (p) of each electron h

λt
^
i and h

λ2
^
j

Velocity of centre of mass

Vcm = h

2 mλi
^
i +
2 mλ2
h ^
j (∵ p = mv)
Velocity of 1 st particle about centre of mass
V1cm = h

2 mλ1
^
i −
2 mλ2
h ^
j

h 2λ1 λ2 h
λcm = = (∵ λ = )
p
h2 h2 2
√λ + λ
2
+ 1 2
√
2 2
4λ 4λ
1 2

49. (a) 4 : 1
Explanation: deBroglie wavelength, λ = mv
h

Given, λ = P λα

∴
mp vp
h
=
mα vα
h
⇒ mpvp = m α vα

vp
⇒ mpvp = 4mpv α ⇒
vα
= 4 (∴ m = 4 mp) α

50.
Ee v
(d) Eph
=
2c

1 2
mv
KE of electron 1 mv h
Explanation:
2
= = v × ×
KE of photon hv 2 h hv

h hc
But mv
=
hv
mv hv
∴ =
h hc

Ee 1 mv h c
∴ = v[ ⋅ ⋅ ]
Eph 2 h hv c

1 hv hc 1 v
= v[ ⋅ ⋅ ] =
2 hc hv c 2c

51.
o

(d) 0.24 A
−−−
Explanation: Rms speed of gas molecule, Vrms = √ 3kT

h h
de Broglie wavelength, λ = p
=
√2mk

h h h
∴ λ = = =
1 2 3 √3mkT
√2m× m Vrms √m× kT
2 2

Substituting the respective values we get

o
−34

λ =
6.63×10
= 0.24 A
√3×4.64× 10−26 ×1.38× 10−23 ×400

9 / 11
52.
(c) 1.45 × 106 m/s
8
c 3×10
Explanation: Wavelength of the given photon is given as, λ p =
vp
=
14
m
6×10

= 5 × 10-7m ...(i)
As, it is given that, de-Broglie wavelength of the electron is λ = 10-3 × λ [∵ using Eq. (i)] e p

=5× 10-10m
Also, the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron is given as, λ e
=
h

p
=
h

mve
⇒ ve =
h

λe me
−34

Substituting the given values, we get = 6.63×10

−10 −31
m/s
5× 10 ×9.1× 10

= 1.45 × 106 m/s

53.
(d) 0.615eV
Explanation: As K.Emax = hc

λ
− ϕ

So, K 1 =
1230

800
− ϕ ...(i) [∵ hc

λ
=
1240
]
λ(nm)

2 K1 =
1230

500
− ϕ ...(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting it from (ii)
1230 1230
( − ) eV = ϕ
400 500

⇒ ϕ = 0.615 eV
54.
3ν
(c) 2

Explanation: Relation between stopping potential and incident light’s frequency is eV0 = hf - ϕ 0

where, V0 is the stopping potential and ϕ is the the work function of the photosensitive surface.
0

So, from given data, we have,

V0
−e
2
= hv − ϕ0 ...(i)
hv
and −eV 0 =
2
− ϕ0 ...(ii)
Subtracting Eqs. (i) from (ii), we have
eV0 hv eV0 hv
−eV0 − (− ) = − hv ⇒ − = −
2 2 2 2

⇒ eV0 = hv
eV0
Substituting this in Eq. (i), we get − 2
= eV0 − ϕ0

⇒ −(
3

2
eV0 ) = − ϕ0 or 3

2
hv = ϕ0

If threshold frequency is V0 then hv0 = 3

2
hv ⇒ v0 = 3

2
v

55. (a) 1.66 eV

Explanation:
Given,
Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 × 10-34 J-s
e = 1.6 × 10-19 C
and there is a graph between stopping potential and frequency.
We need to determine work function W
Using Einstein’s relation of photoelectric effect,
(KE)max = eV0 = hv - hv0 = hv - W [∵ W = hv0]
or V 0 =
h

e
v −
W

From graph at V0 = 0 and v = 4 × 1014 Hz

10 / 11
 −34
6.63×10 14 W
∴ 0 = × 4 × 10 −
e e
−34 14
W 6.63× 10 ×4× 10
⇒ =
e e

or W = 6.63 × 4 × 10-20 J
−20
6.63×4×10
or W = −19
eV = 1.657 eV
1.6×10

∴ W = 1.66 eV

56.
(c) 12 × 1020
Explanation: As we know
E nhv n IAλ n ρλ n
I = = ⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ = ρλ
At At t hC t hc t

n n p2 λ2 P 800
20 20
⇒ ( ) = ( ) × = 9 × 10 × × = 12 × 10
t 2 t 1 p λ1 P 600
1

57. (a) 500

1

Explanation: Given,
Wavelength of X-rays, λ = 1 nm = 1 × 10-9m 1

Wavelength of visible light, λ = 500 × 10-9m 2

The number of photons emitted per second from a source of monochromatic radiation of wavelength λ and power P is given as
n= = P

E
= ...(∵ E = hν and ν = )
P Pλ c

hν hc λ

⇒ Clearly n ∝ λ
n1 λ1 1
⇒ = =
n2 λ2 500

58.
(d) (A)-(ii); (B)-(i); (C)-(iii)
Explanation: Frank-Hertz experiment - Discrete energy levels of an atom, Photoelectric effect - Particle nature of light.
Davison - Germer experiment - wave nature of the electron.
59.
(d) 1836
Explanation: de-broglie wavelength, λ = h

λe =
h

me ×v
and λ p
=
h

mp ×v

λe mp 1836me
∴ = = = 1836
λp me me

60.
(c) 1 : 43
Explanation: de-Broglie wavelength, λ = h

√2mKE

λp −
−
m
− −−−
m
−−−
1 e e
∴ λ ∝ ∴ = √ = √ = 1 : 43
√m λe mp 1849 m e

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