Matrices and Determinants
Uploaded by
animatorkeya12Matrices and Determinants
Uploaded by
animatorkeya1250 JEE Main Chapterwise Topicwise Mathematics
03
Matrices and
Determinants
0 2 1 0 0
02 If the matrix A = satisfies
TOPIC 1 K − 1 03 Let A = 0 1 1 . Then
A (A 3 + 3I ) = 2 I, then the value of 1 0 0
Algebra of Matrices, Types
of Matrices and Transpose K is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] A2025 − A2020 is equal to
1 1
of Matrices (a) (b) − [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
2 2 (a) A 6 − A (b) A 5
01 The number of elements in the set (c) − 1 (d) 1 (c) A − A
5
(d) A6
Ans. (a)
a b Ans. (a)
A = 0 d : a, b and d ∈ {− 1, 0, 1} Given matrix, 1 0 0
, 0 2
A = A = 0 1 1
− 1
and(I − A) = I − A
3 3
K 1 0 0
where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix, is Characteristic equation of A is
Now,
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II]
| A − λI | = 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
−λ 2
Ans. (8) ⇒ =0 A2 = 0 1 1 0 1 1 = 1 1 1
(I − A) 3 = I − A 3 K − 1− λ 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ I − A − 3A + 3A 2 = I − A 3
3 ⇒ λ( 1 + λ) − 2k = 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ 3A 2 − 3A = 0 ⇒ λ2 + λ − 2k = 0
A3 = 1 1 1 0 1 1 = 2 1 1
⇒ 3 A ( A − I) = 0 QEvery square matrix satisfied its own
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
characteristic equation.
⇒ A2 = A
a b a b a b ∴ A 2 + A − 2KI = 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 d 0 d = 0 d ⇒ A 2 = 2KI − A
A = 2 1 1
0 1 1 = 3 1 1
4
⇒ A = 4K I + A 2 − 2(2KI)(A)
4 2
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
a 2 ab + bd a b
⇒ = ⇒ A 4 = 4K 2 I + 2KI − A − 4KA
0 d 2 0 d ⇒ A 4 = (4K 2 + 2K )I − ( 1 + 4K ) A …(i)
M M M
⇒ a = a ⇒a = 0, 1
2
Now, A (A 3 + 3I ) = 2I
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
d 2 = d ⇒ d = 0, 1 ⇒ A 4 = 2I − 3A .... (ii)
An = n −2 1 1 0 1 1 =
n − 1 1 1
b (a + d) = b ⇒b = 0,a + d = 1 Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 1
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0
If b = 0 ⇒(a, d) ≡ (1, 0) (0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) 1 + 4K = 3
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
If a + d = 1 ⇒(1, 0), (0, 1) and b = ± 1 ⇒ K=
2 A 2025 − A 2020 = 2024 1 1 − 2019 1 1
Total = 4 + 4 = 8 ways 1
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 05 Let the sum of all the entries of the
= 5 0 0 0 i a b a b
n
matrix A3 is equal to
0 0 0 =
S = n ∈ N 1 0 c d c d
[2021, 22 July Shift-II]
Now,
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (c) 9
A6 − A = 5 1 1 − 0 1 1 = 5 0 0 ∀a, b, c, d ∈R Ans. (c)
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 , where i = −1. Then the number of a 11 a 12 a 13
2-digit numbers in the set S is a a 22 a 23 = A
∴A 2025
−A 2020
=A −A
6
21
……… . [2021, 25 July Shift-I] a 31 a 32 a 33
1 1 1 Ans. (11)
04 If A = 0 1 1 and a b 0 i
n
Sum of elements of each row is 1.
Let X = and A = 1
0 0 1 c d 1 0 Let X be 1.
M = A + A2 + A3 +……+ A20 , then the ⇒ AX = IX 1
sum of all the elements of the A =I
a 11 a 12 a 13 1
matrix M is equal to …………… . 0 i 0 i i 0
A2 = = Then, AX = a 21 a 22 a 23 1
[2021, 27 July Shift-II] 1 0 1 0 0 i
Ans. (2020) a 31 a 32 a 33 1
1 0
⇒ A =i
1 1 1 0 1 a 11 + a 12 + a 13 1
We have, A = 0 1 1 AX = a 21 + a 22 + a 23 = 1
⇒ A =i I =I
8 4
0 0 1 ∴ n= 8 a 31 + a 32 + a 33 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 ⇒n is a multiple of 8. AX = X
A 2 = 0 1 1 0 1 1 = 0 1 2 16, 24, …… 96
Replace X with AX.
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 96 − 16
Number of elements = + 1 = 11 A ⋅ AX = AX ⇒ A 2 X = X
8
1 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 6 Again, replace X with AX,
1 0
A 3 = 0 1 2 0 1 1 = 0 1 3 06 If P = 50 A 2 (AX) = AX
, then P is
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 / 2 1 [2021, 25 July Shift-II] A3 X = X
a ′11 a ′12 a ′13
M 1 0 1 50
1 n ∑ n (a) (b) Let A 3 = a ′21 a ′22 a ′23
A n = 0 1 n 25 1 0 1 a ′31 a ′32 a ′33
0 0 1 1 25 1 0
(c) (d) Then,
Now, M = A + A + A + …+
2 3
A 20 0 1 50 1 a ′11 a ′12 a ′13 1
1 1 1 1 2 3 Ans. (a) A 3 X = a ′21 a ′22 a ′23 1
= 0 1 1 + 0 1 2 + 1 0 a ′31 a ′32 a ′33 1
Given, P = 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 a ′11 + a ′12 + a ′13 1
2
1 n ∑ n 1 0 1 0 1 0 A 3 X = a ′21 + a ′22 + a ′23 = 1
… + 0 1 n ⇒ P2 = 1 1 1 1 = a ′31 + a ′32 + a ′33 1
2 2 1 1
0 0 1
So, a ′11 + a ′12 + a ′13 = 1
20 ∑ n ∑(∑ r) 1 0 11 0 31 0 a ′21 + a ′22 + a ′23 = 1
⇒ P = 3
1 = 1
= 0 20 ∑n
1 1 2 2 a ′31 + a ′32 + a ′33 = 1
0 0 20 ∴ Sum = 3
1 0 1 0 1 0
⇒ P4 = = 0 1 0
20
20 × 21
Now, ∑ n = 1 + 2 + … + 20 = = 210 1 1 1 1 2 1
r =1 2 M 08 Let A = 1 0 0. Then, the
20 20
r (r + 1) 1 20 2
∑(∑ r) = ∑ 2 = 2 ∑(r + r) 1 0
⇒ Pn = n 1
0 0 1
r =1 r =1 r =1
1 20 × 21 × 41 20 × 21 2 number of 3 × 3 matrices B with
= + entries from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2 6 2 1 0
Hence, P 50 = and satisfying AB = BA is ……… .
1
= [2870 + 210] = 1540 25 1 [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
2 07 Let A = [a ij ] be a real matrix of Ans. (3125)
20 210 1540
Hence, M = 0 20 210
order 3 × 3, such that 0 1 0 a1 a2 a3
a i 1 + a i 2 + a i 3 = 1, for i = 1, 2, 3. Then, A = 1 0 0 B = b1 a1 b3
0 0 20 0 0 1 c
1 c2 c 3
Sum of all elements = 2020.
AB = BA n2 − n 11 Let I be an identity matrix of order
1 −n
b1 b2 b3 a2 a1 a3 2 2 −1
2 × 2 and P =
⇒ A = 0 1 −n . Then the
n
a1 a2 a3 = b2 b 1 b3
c c c 3 c 2 c 1 c 3
0 0 1 5 −3
1
2
value of n ∈ N for which P n = 5I − 8P
b 1 = a 2 a 1 = b 2 c 1 = c 2 is equal to ………….
20 × 19 7 × 6
∴ b 13 = 7 − 20 + 2(0)
b 2 = a 1 a 2 = b 1 c 2 = c 1 2 2 [2021, 18 March Shift-II]
b = a a = b c = c Ans. (6)
3 3 3 3 3 3 ⇒ b 13 = 1330 − 420 = 910
a1 a2 a3 Method (1)
1 2 0 2 − 1
B = a2
10 Let A + 2B = 6 −3 3 and
a1 a3 Given, P =
c c 2 c 3 5 − 3
1
−5 3 1 5 0 16 −8
Number of distinct elements in B is 5 Now, P n = 5I − 8P = −
{a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , c 1 , c 3 } 2 −1 5 0 5 40 −24
−11 8
and according to question, 2A − B = 2 −1 6. IfTr (A) denotes ⇒ Pn = … (i)
a ij ∈{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. 0 1 2 −40 29
2 − 1 2 − 1
So, number of matrices the sum of all diagonal elements of Now, P 2 =
5 −3 5 −3
= 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 3125 the matrix A, thenTr (A) − Tr (B)
−1 1
1 −1 0 has value equal to =
4
[2021, 18 March Shift-I] −5
09 Let A = 0 1 −1 and 3 −2
0 0 1 (a) 1 (b) 2 Again P 3 = P ⋅ P 2 =
(c) 0 (d) 3 10 −7
B = 7 A20 − 20A 7 + 21, where I is an Ans. (b) Now,
identity matrix of order 3 × 3 . If 1 2 0 3 −2 3 −2
P6 = P3 ⋅ P3 =
B = [bij ], then b 13 is equal to ……… .
Given, A + 2B = 6 −3 3 …(i) 10 −7 10 −7
[2021, 20 July Shift-I]
−5 3 1 −11 8
⇒ P6 = = P [from Eq. (i)]
n
Ans. (910) −40 29
2 − 1 5
1 −1 0
and 2A − B = 2 − 1 6 …(ii) ∴ n=6
A = 0 1 − 1
0 1 2 Method (2)
0 0 1
2 − 1
Multiply with 2 in Eq. (ii), we get Given P =
B = 7 A 20 − 20 A 7 + 2I 5 − 3
4 − 2 10
1 −1 0 1 −1 0 Characteristics equation is | P − λI | = 0
4A − 2B = 4 − 2 12 …(iii)
∴ A 2 = A ⋅ A = 0 1 − 1 0 1 − 1 2− λ −1
0 2 4 =0
0 0 1 5 −3 − λ
1 0 0
Adding Eqs. (i) and (iii),
1 −2 1 ⇒ (2 − λ) (− 3 − λ ) + 5 = 0
5 0 10
⇒ A 2 = 0 1 − 2 ⇒ λ2 + λ − 1 = 0
5A = 10 −5 15
0 0
1 −5 5 5
By Cayley-Hamilton Theorem,
P2 + P − I = 0
1 −2 1 1 − 1 0 1 0 2 ⇒ P2 = I − P … (i)
A = A ⋅ A = 0 1 − 2 0 1 − 1 A = 2 −1 3
3 2
∴ ⇒ P + P −P =0
3 2
0 0
1 0 0 1 − 1 1 1 ⇒ P 3 = P − P 2 = P − (I − P) [from Eq. (i)]
∴Tr (A) = 1 − 1 + 1= 1 ⇒ P 3 = 2P − I
1 −3 3 From Eq. (i), Now, P ⋅ P 3 = P (2P − I)
= 0 1 − 3 1 2 0 1 0 2 ⇒P = 2P − P = 2(I − P) − P [from Eq. (i)]
4 2
0 0 1 1
B = 6 − 3 3 − 2 − 1 3 ⇒ P 4 = − 3P + 2I
2 Again, P ⋅ (P ) = P (− 3P + 2I)
4
1 −3 3 1 − 1 0 −5 3 1 −1 1 1
⇒ P 5 = − 3P 2 + 2P
A 4 = A 3 A = 0 1 − 3 0 1 − 1 0 1 −1
= − 3(I − P) + 2P [from Eq. (i)]
0 0
1 0 0 1 = 2 −1 0
= 5P − 3I
1 −4 6 −2 1 0 and P (P 5 ) = P (5 P − 3I )
⇒ A 4 = 0 1 − 4 ∴Tr (B) = 0 − 1 + 0 = − 1 ⇒ P 6 = 5P 2 − 3P = 5(I − P) − 3P
0 0 1
Hence, Tr (A) − Tr (B) = 1 − (−1) = 2 ⇒ p6 = 5I − 8P = P n (given)
∴ n=6
Ans. (766) 1 b1 − b2
i − i XB =
12 Let A = , i = −1. Then, the Set S : {0, 1, 2, 3} 3 b 1 + kb 2
− i i a 1 a 2 a 3 As, A = XB
system of linear equations Let A = b 1 b 2 b 3 a1 1 b1 − b2
x 8 c 1 c 2 c 3
So, a =
A 8 = has 2 3 b 1 + kb 2
y 64 a1 b1 c 1 3a 1 = b 1 − b 2 … (i)
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] AT = a 2 b 2 c 2
3a 2 = b 1 + kb 2 … (ii)
(a) a unique solution. a 3 b 3 c 3
2 2
(b) infinitely many solutions. And as given, a 12 + a 22 = (b 1 + b 22 )
a⋅ a a⋅b a⋅ c 3
(c) no solution . AAT = b⋅ a b⋅b b⋅ c Adding, Eq.(i) 2 + Eq. (ii) 2 ,
(d) exactly two solutions .
c⋅ a c⋅b c⋅ c 3a 12 + 3a 22 = (b 1 − b 2 ) 2 + (b 1 + kb 2 ) 2
Ans. (c)
where a = a $i + a $j + a k$ ⇒ 2(b 12 + b 22 )
i − i 1 2 3
Let A = = 2b 12 + b 22 (k 2 + 1) + 2b 1b 2 (k − 1)
− i i b = b 1 $i + b 2 $j + b 3k$
⇒ b 22 (k 2 + 1 − 2) + 2b 1b 2 (k − 1) = 0
i − i i − i c = c $i + c $j + c k$ ⇒ (k − 1) [b 22 (k + 1) + 2b 1b 2 ] = 0
A2 = A⋅ A =
1 2 3
− i i − i i Now, as per question So, k=1
i2 + i2 − i2 − i2 a⋅ a + b⋅b + c⋅ c = 9 1 0 0
= 2 2
− i − i i2 + i2 ⇒ (a 12 + a 22 + a 32 ) + (b 12 + b 22 + b 32 )
+ (c 12 + c 22 + c 32 ) = 9 15 If the matrix A = 0 2 0 satisfies
− 2 2
= [a i , b i , c i ∈ S ] 3 0 −1
2 − 2 9 = (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1)
A4 = A2 ⋅ A2
the equation
or 9 = (1 + 4 + 4 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0) 0 0
1
− 2 2 − 2 2 or 9 = (9 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0)
=
2 − 2 2 − 2
A + αA + βA = 0
20 19
4 0 for some
or 9 = (4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0)
4 + 4 − 4 − 4 8 − 8 Total permutations in case 1 = 1 0 1
0
= =
− 4 − 4 4 + 4 − 8 8 Total permutations in case 2 =
9!
= 252 real numbers α and β, then β − α is
Similarly, A 8 = A 4 ⋅ A 4 6!2! equal to ______.
8 − 8 8 − 8 9!
In case 3 = = 9 [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
= 8!
− 8 8 − 8 8 Ans. (4)
9!
64 + 64 − 64 − 64 In case 4 = = 504 1 0 0
=
5!3!
A = 0 2 0
− 64 − 64 64 + 64 Total permutations = 1 + 252 + 9 + 504
128 − 128 3 0 −1
= = 766
1 0 0 1 0 0
− 128 128
a b A 2 = 0 2 0 0 2 0
x 8
Now, A 8 =
14 Let A = 1 and a = 1 be two 2 × 1
y 64 a 2 b2 3 0 −1 3 0 −1
128 − 128 x 8 matrices with real entries such that 1 0 0
− 128 128 y = 64 = 0 4 0
1 1 −1
A = XB, where X = and 0 0 1
128x − 128y = 8 3 1 k
⇒ x−y =
1
…(i) 2 1 0 0
16 k ∈R. If a 21 + a 22 = (b21 + b22 ) and A 3 = 0 8 0
3
and − 128x + 128y = 64 3 0 −1
1 (k 2 + 1)b22 ≠ −2b 1b2 , then the value
⇒ x−y = − …(ii) of k is ……… . 1 0 0
2
[2021, 16 March Shift-II] A 4 = 0 16 0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Ans. (1) 0 0 1
these two lines are parallel.
a b And so on,
So, there will be no solution. A = 1 and B = 1
a
2 b 2 1 0 0
13 The total number of 3 × 3 matrices A = XB A 19 = 0 219 0
A having entries from the set (0, 1,
1 − 1
1 3 0 −1
2, 3), such that the sum of all the X= 1 k
3 1 0 0
diagonal entries of AAT is 9, is
1 1 − 1 b 1 A = 0 220 0
20
equal to ……… . XB =
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] 3 1 k b 2 0 0 1
So, A 20 + αA 19 + βA Thus, only acceptable matrices are as Case I When 7 − 1’s are there and2 − 0’s
1 + α + β 0 0 follows are there.
= 0 220 + α219 + 2β 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 − 1 0 ⇒ 9 C 7 × 2 C 2 = 36 ways of
A=
3α + 2β 1 −`α − β , , , arrangements.
0 0 1 0 − 1 0 0 0 0
Case II When 1 − 2 is there,3 − 1’s and 5 − 0’s
1 0 0 Then possible number of such matrices are there.
= 0 4 0 are 4. 8!
9
C 1 × 8C 3 × 5 C 5 = 9 × ×1
0 0 1 1 −α 3! 5!
17 If for the matrix, A = ,
On comparing, we get α β = 504 ways of arrangements.
1−α −β = 1 AAT = I2 , then the value of α 4 + β 4 ∴Total possible arrangements = 36 + 504
= 540
⇒ α + β =0 is [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II]
and 220 + α219 + 2β = 4 (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 19 Let a,b,c ∈R be all non-zero and
⇒ 220 + α (219 − 2) = 4 [use, α + β = 0] Ans. (b) satisfy a 3 + b3 + c 3 = 2. If the matrix
4 − 220 1 −α
⇒ α = 19 = −2 Given, A = a b c
2 −2
α β
⇒ β =2 A = b c a
1 α
⇒ AT = c a b
∴ β − α = 2 − (−2) = 2 + 2 = 4 −α β
16 Let A be a symmetric matrix of Given, AA = I 2 i.e.
T
satisfies AT A = I,then a value of
order 2 with integer entries. If the 1 −α 1 α 1 0 abc can be
sum of the diagonal elements of A2 α β −α β = 0 1 [2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II]
1 1
is 1, then the possible number of 1 + α 2 α − αβ 1 0 (a) − (b)
such matrices is 2
= 3 3
α −αβ α + β 0 1
2
2
[2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I] (c) 3 (d)
Equating these matrices, 3
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 12
1 = α 2 + 1 gives, α = 0 Ans. (b)
Ans. (a)
α (1 − β) = 0 a b c
Let A be the matrix as follows,
α2 + β2 = 1 Given, matrix, A = b c a
a b
A= , since A is symmetric matrix. Put α = 0 in α 2 + β 2 = 1, we get c a b
b c 0 + β 2 = 1, givesβ = ± 1
a b c a b c
a b a b where we takeβ 4 = 1
Now, A 2 = So, AT A = b c a b c a
b c b c ∴ α 4 + β4 = 04 + 1 = 1
c a b c a b
a 2 + b 2 ab + bc
= 2
18 Let M be any 3 × 3 matrix with a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca ac + ba + cb
ab + bc b + c
2
entries from the set {0, 1, 2}. The = ba + cb + ac b 2 + c 2 + a 2 bc + ca + ab
Given that, diagonal entries of A 2 is 1.
maximum number of such ca + ab + bc cb + ac + ba c 2 + a 2 + b 2
i.e. a 2 + b 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1
matrices, for which the sum of Q AT A = I [given]
or a 2 + 2b 2 + c 2 = 1 diagonal elements of M T M is seven, ∴a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 and ab + bc + ca = 0 …(i)
Case 1 a = 0 is ......... . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] Now, as (a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2
Then,2b 2 + c 2 = 1 Ans. (540) (ab + bc + ca)
1 1
(a) c = 0 gives, b 2 = or b = ± Given, M is a 3 × 3 matrix. ⇒ (a + b + c) 2 = 1
2 2
a b c a d g ⇒ a+b+ c = ± 1 …(ii)
∴a = 0, b = 1 / 2, c = 0 (2 matrices)
Let M = d e f , then MT = b e h As we know,
a = 0, b = − 1 / 2, c = 0
g h i c f i a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc = (a + b + c)
(b) b = 0, gives c 2 = 1 or c = ± 1 (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca)
∴a = 0, b = 0, c = 1 a d g a b c ⇒2 − 3abc = (a + b + c) (1 − 0)
and a = 0, b = 0, c = − 1 (2 matrices) Now, MT M = b e h × d e f
[from Eq. (i) and a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 2 [given]]
Case 2 b = 0, thena 2 + c 2 = 1 c f i g h i
⇒ −3abc = (a + b + c) − 2
(a) a = 0, then c = ± 1 Sum of diagonal elements 2 − (a + b + c)
⇒ abc =
a = 0, b = 0, c = 1 and a = 0, b = 0, c = − 1 = a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + e2 3
1
This is repeated case. + f 2 + g 2 + h2 + i 2 = 7 …(i) If a + b + c = 1 ⇒abc = , or
(b) c = 0, thena = ± 1 According to the question, the entries 3
are {0, 1, 2}. [QMT M = 7] If a + b + c = − 1 ⇒abc = 1
a = 1, b = 0, c = 0 and a = − 1, b = 0, c = 0
1
Again 2 matrices. i.e. {a, b, c, …, h, i } = {0, 1, 2} Now, from the options abc =
3
So, for Eq. (i) to be true, there are two
cases. Hence, option (b) is correct.
Ans. (a) cosα − sinα
x 1 It is given that ‘α’ is the root of equation
24 Let A = ,(α ∈R) such
20 Let A = sinα cosα
, x ∈R and A = [a ij ].
4
x 2 + x + 1 = 0, so α 2 + α + 1 = 0 and α 3 = 1.
1 0 0 −1
1 1 1 that A32 = . Then, the value
If a 11 = 109, then a 22 is equal to 1 1 0
Now, matrix A = 1 α α2
.......... . [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I] 3
of α is
1 α α [2019, 8 April Shift-I]
2 4
Ans. (10.00) π π π
x 1 1 1 1 (a) (b) 0 (c) (d)
Given matrix, A = 1 32 64 16
1 0
= 1 α α2
3 Ans. (c)
1 α α
2
x 1 x 1 x 2 + 1 x cosα − sinα
⇒ A2 = = Given, matrix A =
1 0 1 0 x 1 [Q α 3 = 1] sinα cosα
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 2 + 1 x x 2 + 1 x 1
2
∴
⇒ A4 = ∴A 2 = 1 α α 2 1 α α 2
x 1 x 1 3 cosα − sinα cosα − sinα
1 α
2
α 1 α 2 α A2 =
(x + 1) + x
2 2 2
x (x + 2)
2
sinα cosα sinα cosα
= 1+ 1+ 1 1 + α + α2 1 + α2 + α
( 2
+ 2) x2 + 1 − cos α sin α − sin α cos α
cos α − sin α
x x 2 2
1
= 1 + α + α 2 1 + α 2 + α 4 1 + α 3 + α 3 = sin α cos α + cos α sin α − sin2 α + cos2 α
Q A 4 = [a ij ] and a 11 = 109 3
1 + α 2 + α 1 + α 3 + α 3 1 + α 4 + α 2
⇒ (x 2 + 1) 2 + x 2 = 109 ⇒x 2 = 9
∴ a 22 = x 2 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10 3 0 0 1 0 0 cos2α − sin2α
= 0 0 3 = 0 0 1
1 =
Hence, answer is 10.00.
3 sin2α cos2α
0 3 0 0 1 0
cosθ i sinθ π cos(nα) − sin(nα)
Similarly, A n =
21 If A = , θ = 24 , n ∈N
i sinθ cos θ [Qα = 1 and α + α + 1 = 0]
3 2
sin(nα) cos(nα)
a b ∴ A4 = A2 ⋅ A2 cos(32α) − sin(32α)
⇒ A 32 =
and A =
5
, where i = −1, then 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 sin(32α) cos(32α)
c d
= 0 0 1 0 0 1 = 0 1 0 0 −1
which one of the following is not = (given)
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 0
true? [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
=I So, cos(32α) = 0 and sin(32α) = 1
(a) a 2 − d 2 = 0 (b) a 2 − c 2 = 1 ∴ A 8 = I = A 16 = A 20 = A 24 = A 28 π π
1 ⇒ 32α = ⇒ α =
(c) a 2 − b 2 = (d) 0 ≤ a 2 + b 2 ≤ 1 Q A 31 = A 28 ⋅ A 3 = I ⋅ A 3 = A 3 ⇒ A 31 = A 3 2 64
2
Ans. (c) 23 The number of all 3 × 3 matrices A, 25 The total number of matrices
cosθ i sinθ
Since, matrix A = with enteries from the set { − 1, 0, 1} 0 2y 1
i sinθ cosθ
A = 2x y −1 , (x, y ∈R, x ≠ y) for
such that the sum of the diagonal
cos2θ i sin2θ elements of AAT is 3, is ……… .
⇒ A2 =
i sin2θ cos2θ [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] 2x − y 1
cos3θ
⇒ A3 =
i sin3θ Ans. (672) which AT A = 3I3 is
i sin3θ cos3θ Let a 3 × 3 matrix A = [a ij ] 3 × 3 ,i, j ∈ { 1, 2, 3} [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
cos4θ i sin4θ So, sum of diagonal elements of AAT (a) 2 (b) 4
⇒ A4 =
i sin4θ cos4θ = trace of AAT = tr ([a ij ][a ji ]) (c) 3 (d) 6
cos 5θ i sin 5θ a b = a 112 + a 122 + a 132 + a 212 + a 22
2
+ a 23
2
+ a 312 Ans. (b) 0 2y 1
⇒ A5 = = + a 32 + a 33 = 3 (given) Given, matrix A = 2x y −1 ,
2 2
i sin 5θ cos 5θ c d
Qa ij ∈ { −1, 0, 1} (x, y ∈ R, x ≠ y)
⇒ a = d = cos5θ, b = c = i sin5θ 2x − y 1
So, possible combinations are for which
∴ a 2 − b 2 = cos2 5θ − i 2 sin2 5θ = 1
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 AT A = 3I 3
Hence, option (c) is correct.
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, −1, 1, 1 0 2x 2x 0 2y 1
22 Let α be a root of the equation 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, −1, −1, 1 ⇒ 2y y − y 2x y −1
x 2 + x + 1 = 0 and the matrix
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, −1, −1, −1 1 −1 1 2x − y 1
1 1 1 ∴Number of such matrices such taht
1 3 0 0
A= 1 α α 2 , then the tr (AAT ) = 3 is
3 = 9C 6 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 0 3 0
1 α 2 α 4 9× 8× 7 0 0 3
= ×2×2×2
matrix A31 is equal to 3×2 8x 2
0 0 3 0 0
(a) A3
⇒ 0 6y 2 0 = 0 3 0
(b) I 3 = 84 × 8 = 672
(c) A2 (d) A
Hence, answer is 672. 0 0 3 0 0 3
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I]
Here, two matrices are equal, therefore Ans. (b) 0 0 0 0 0 0
equating the corresponding elements, Given, AAT = I and X 3 = X 2 ⋅ X = 0 0 0 3 0 0
we get
⇒ 9 0 0 9 3 0
3 0 2q r 0 p p 1 0 0
8x 2 = 3 and 6y 2 = 3 ⇒ x = ± and 0 0 0
8 p q − r 2q −q = 0 1 0
= 0 0 0
q
1
y=± p −q r r −r r 0 0 1
2 0 0 0
QThere are 2 different values of x and y ⇒ 0 0 0
each. 0 + 4q 2 + r 2 0 + 2q 2 − r 2 0 − 2q 2 + r 2 ⇒ X 4 = X 5 = 0 0 0
0 + 2q − r p2 + q 2 + r 2 p2 − q 2 − r 2
2 2
So, 4 matrices are possible such that 0 0 0
AT A = 3I 3 . 0 − 2q + r 2
2
p2 − q 2 − r 2 p +q + r
2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 So, P 5 = I + 5 3 0 0 + 10 0 0 0
26 If A is a symmetric matrix and B is a
skew-symmetric matrix such that = 0 1 0 9 3 0 9 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0
2 3
A+B= , then AB is equal to = 15 1 0
5 −1
We know that, if two matrices are equal,
then corresponding elements are also 135 15 1
[2019, 12 April Shift-I]
−4 −2 4 −2 equal, so 2 0 0
(a) (b) 4q 2 + r 2 = 1 = p2 + q 2 + r 2 , and Q = I + P 5 = 15 2 0 = [q ij ]
−1 4 −1 −4 … (i)
4 −2 −4 2 2q 2 − r 2 = 0 ⇒ r 2 = 2q 2 … (ii) 135 15 2
(c) (d) ⇒ q 21 = 15, q 31 = 135 and q 32 = 15
1 −4 1 4 and p − q 2 − r 2 = 0
2
… (iii)
Using Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get q + q 31 15 + 135 150
Ans. (b) Hence, 21 = = = 10
p2 = 3q 2 … (iv) q 32 15 15
Given matrix A is a symmetric and matrix
B is a skew-symmetric Using Eqs. (ii) and (iv) in Eq. (i), we get
∴ AT = A and BT = − B 4q 2 + 2q 2 = 1
29 If A an 3 × 3 non-singular matrix
2 3 ⇒ 6q 2 = 1 ⇒ 2p2 = 1 [using Eq. (iv)]
such that AA′ = A′ A and B = A −1 A′,
Since, A + B = (given) … (i)
5 − 1 1 1 then BB′ is equal to [JEE Main 2014]
p2 = ⇒ | p | =
2 2 (a) I + B (b) I
On taking transpose both sides, we get
(c) B −1 (d) (B −1 )′
2 3
T
1 0 0
(A + B)T = (AB)T = BT AT and A −1 A = l
5 − 1 28 Let P = 3 1 0 and Q = [q ij ] be (where, AT = A ′ = Transpose of A)
2 5 9 3 1 Ans. (b)
⇒ AT + BT = … (ii)
3 − 1 two 3 × 3 matrices such that If A is non-singular matrix, then | A | ≠ 0.
Given, A = A and B = − B
T T
AAT = AT A and B = A −1 AT
q + q 31
⇒ A−B=
2 5 Q − P 5 = I3 . Then, 21 is equal BB ′ = (A −1 AT ) (A −1 AT )T
q 32
3 − 1 = A −1 AT A (A −1 )T [Q(A ′) ′ = A]
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get to [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] = A −1 AAT (A −1 )T [QAAT = AT A ]
2 4 0 − 1 (a) 10 (b) 135 (c) 9 (d) 15 = IA (A −1 )T = AT (A −1 )T
T
A= and B =
4 − 1 1 0 Ans. (a) = (A −1 A)T = IT = I [Q(AB)T = BT AT ]
2 4 0 − 1 Given, matrix
So, AB = 30 Let A and B be two symmetric
4 − 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
matrices of order 3.
4 − 2 P = 3 1 0 = 3 0 0 + 0 1 0
= Statement I A (BA) and (AB) A are
9 3 1 9 3 0 0 0 1
− 1 − 4 symmetric matrices.
⇒ P = X + I (let)
0 2q r Statement II AB is symmetric
Now, P 5 = (I + X) 5
27 Let A = p q −r . If AAT = I3 , = I + 5 C 1 (X) + 5 C 2 (X 2 ) + 5 C 3 (X 3 ) + …
matrix, if matrix multiplication of A
p −q r with B is commutative. [AIEEE 2011]
[QI n = I, I ⋅ A = A and (a + x) n = nC 0a n +
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is
then | p| is n
C 1a n − 1 x + ...+T nC n x n ] true; Statement II is not a correct
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] Here, explanation of Statement I
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
(a) (b)
5 2 X 2 = 3 0 0 3 0 0 = 0 0 0 false
1 1 9 3 0 9 3 0 9 0 0 (c) Statement I is false, Statement II is
(c) (d) true
3 6
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is Ans. (d)
true
true; Statement II is a correct (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is 1 * *
explanation of Statement I true; Statement II is correct
Consider * 1 * . By placing 1 in
Ans. (a) explanation of Statement I
* * 1
Since, A and B are symmetric matrices. (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
true; Statement II is not a correct anyone of the 6 * position and 0
∴ AT = A and BT = B
explanation of Statement I elsewhere, we get 6 non-singular
Now, to check A (BA) is symmetri(c)
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is matrices.
Consider [A (BA)]T = (BA)T ⋅ AT = (AT BT ) AT false * * 1
= (AB) A = A (BA)
Condition for equivalence relation A Similarly, * 1 * gives atleast one
So, [A (BA)]T = A (BA) relation which is symmetric, reflexive 1
⇒ A (BA) is symmetri(c) and transitive is equivalence * *
Similarly, (AB) A is symmetri(c) relation. [AIEEE 2011] non-singular matrix. Hence, we get
So, Statement I is true. Also, Statement Ans. (c) atleast 7 non-singular matrix.
II is true, Given, R = {(A, B) : A = P −1 BP for some
as if A and B are symmetri(c)
34 Let A be 2 × 2 matrix with non-zero
invertible matrix P}
entries and A2 = I , where I is 2 × 2
⇒(AB) is symmetric, iff AB = BA. For Statement I
identity matrix.
i.e., AB commutative. (i) Reflexive
Define tr (A) = Sum of diagonal
Hence, both the statements are true but ARA ⇒A = P −1 AP, which is true only,
if P = I. elements of A and | A| =
statement II is not a correct explanation
of statement I. Since, A = P −1 BP for some Determinant of matrix (a)
invertible matrix P. Statement I tr (A) = 0
31 If ω ≠ 1 is the complex cube root of ∴ We can assume P = I
Statement II | A| = 1 [AIEEE 2010]
ω 0 ⇒ ARA ⇒ A = I −1 AI
unity and matrix H = , then ⇒ A=A
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
0 ω true
⇒ R is Reflexive (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is
H 70 is equal to
[AIEEE 2011] Note Here, due to some invertible true; Statement II is a correct
(a) H (b) 0 (c) −H (d) H 2 matrix, P is used (reflexive) but if for all explanation of Statement I
invertible matrix is used, then R is not
Ans. (a) (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
reflexive.
ω 0 true, Statement II is not a correct
Here, H= (ii) Symmetric
0 ω ARB ⇒ A = P −1 BP
explanation of Statement I
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
ω 0 ω 0 ⇒ PAP −1 = P(P −1 BP) P −1
∴ H2 = false
0 ω 0 ω ⇒ PAP −1 = (PP −1 ) B(PP −1 )
Ans. (d)
∴ B = PAP −1
ω2 0 A satisfies A 2 − tr (A) ⋅ A + (det A) I = 0
= Since, for some invertible matrix P,
0 ω2 we can let Q = P −1 On comparing with A 2 − I = 0, we get
ω K 0 B = (P − 1)−1 AP −1 tr (A) = 0 , | A | = − 1
⇒ HK =
ωK ⇒ B = Q −1 AQ ⇒ BRA Therefore, Statement I is true but
0 Statement II is false.
⇒ R is symmetri(c)
ω K + 1 0 (iii) Transitive ARB and BRC Alternate Solution
Then, H K + 1 = K + 1
0 ω ⇒ A = P −1 BP and B = P −1CP a b
Let A= ; a,b, c,d ≠ 0
⇒ A = P −1 (P −1CP) P c d
ω70 0
∴ H 70 = = (P −1 )2 C (P)2 a b a b
ω70 A2 =
0 So, ARC, for some P 2 = P Now ⋅
c d c d
ω 0 ⇒ R is transitive
= =H a 2 + bc ab + bd
0 ω So, R is an equivalence relation. ⇒ A2 = 2
For Statement II It is always true that ac + cd bc + d
(MN ) −1 = N −1 M−1 Q A2 = I
32 Consider the following relation R on
Hence, both statements are true but ⇒ a 2 + bc = 1
the set of real square matrices of ⇒ bc + d 2 = 1
order 3. R = {(A, B) : A = P −1 BP for second is not the correct explanation of
first. and ab + bd = ac + cd = 0
some invertible matrix P} Also, c ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0
Statement I R is an equivalence 33 The number of 3 × 3 non-singular ⇒ a + d = 0, tr(A) = a + d = 0
relation. matrices, with four entries as 1 and and | A | = ad − bc = − a 2 − bc = − 1
Statement II For any two invertible all other entries as 0, is [AIEEE 2010] Hence, Statement I is true but
3 × 3 matrices M and N, (a) less than 4 (b) 5 Statement II is false.
(MN) −1 = N −1M −1 . (c) 6 (d) atleast 7
35 Let A be 2 × 2 matrix with real 1 0 1 0 1 0 Ans. (b)
∴ A2 = =
1 1 1 1 2 1 [x + 1] [x + 2] [x + 3]
entries. Let I be the 2 × 2 identity
matrix. Denote by tr (A), the sum of 1 0 1 0 1 0 Given, A = [x] [x + 3] [x + 3]
A3 = =
diagonal entries of A. Assume that 2 1 1 1 3 1 [x] [x + 2] [x + 4]
A2 = I. MMMMMMMMMMM
[x] + 1 [x] + 2 [x] + 3
Statement I If A ≠ I and A ≠ − I,then 1 0
A = A = [x] [x] + 3 [x] + 3
n
can be verified by induction.
det (A) = − 1. n 1
[x] [x] + 2 [x] + 4
Statement II If A ≠ I and A ≠ − I, Now, taking options
then tr (A) ≠ 0. [AIEEE 2008] 1 0 n 0 n − 1 0 (Q[x + n] = n + [x], n ∈I)
(b) = + n − 1 Applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 , R 2 → R 2 − R 3
(a) Statement I is false, Statement II is n 1 n n 0
true
1 0 2 n − 1 0 1 0 −1
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; ⇒ n 1 ≠ n
2 n − 1 A= 0 1 −1
Statement II is a correct explanation of
Statement I [x] [x] + 2 [x] + 4
n 0 n − 1 0
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is (d) nA − (n − 1)I = −
n n 0 n − 1 det(A) = 1 ([x] + 4 + [x] + 2) − 1 (− [x])
true; Statement II is not a correct
explanation of Statement I = 3[x] + 6
1 0
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is = = A
n
Q det(A) = 192
n 1 ⇒ 3[x] + 6 = 192
false
a b α β ⇒ [x] = 62
Ans. (d) 37 If A = and A2 = , then
Let
a b
A= b a β α ⇒ 62 ≤ x < 63
⇒ x ∈[62,63)
c d (a) α = a 2 + b 2 and β = ab [AIEEE 2003]
2
a b 1 0 (b) α = a 2 + b 2 and β = 2ab 39 Let A(a, 0), B (b, 2b + 1) and C(0, b),
∴ = [QA 2 = I]
c d 0 1 (c) α = a 2 + b 2 and β = a 2 − b 2
(d) α = 2ab and β = a 2 + b 2
b ≠ 0,| b| ≠ 1, be points such that the
a 2 + bc ab + bd 1 0 area of ∆ABC is
⇒ 2
=
ac + cd bc + d 0 1 Ans. (b) 1 sq. unit, then the sum of all
⇒ b (a + d) = 0 a b α β possible values of a is
Given that, A = ⇒A 2 =
c (a + d) = 0 and a 2 + bc = 1 b a β α [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
− 2b 2b
bc + d 2 = 1 ⇒ a = 1 a b a b (a) (b)
∴ A2 = A A = b +1 b +1
d = −1 ⇒ b = c =0 b a b a
2b 2 − 2b 2
1 0 1 0 1 0 a 2 + b 2 ab + ba (c) (d)
If A = , then A = 0 −1 0 −1
2
⇒ A2 = b +1 b +1
2
0 −1 ba + ab b + a
2
Ans. (d)
1 0 α β a 2 + b 2 2ab
= = I A ≠ I, A ≠ − I ⇒ A (a, 0), B (b, 2b + 1), C (0, b)
0 1 β α = 2ab
a2 + b2
a 0 1
det (A) = − 1 (Statement I is true) 1
⇒ α = a 2 + b 2 and β = 2ab Area of ∆ABC = b 2b + 1 1 =± 1
Statement II, tr(A) = 1 − 1 = 0, Statement II 2
0 b 1
is false. TOPIC 2 1
⇒ [a (b + 1) + b 2 ] = ± 1
1 0 1 0 Properties and Solution of 2
36 If A = and I = , then 2 − b2 −2 − b 2
1 1 0 1 Determinants ⇒ a= or
b+1 b+1
which one of the following holds for [x + 1] [x + 2] [x + 3] −2b 2
all n≥ 1, by the principle of Sum of all possible values of a =
38 Let A = [x] [x + 3] [x + 3] , b+1
mathematical induction? [x]
[AIEEE 2005] [x + 2] [x + 4] 40 Let
n− 1 sin2 x − 2 + cos 2 x cos 2x
(a) A = 2 A + (n − 1) I
n
where [t] denotes the greatest
(b) An = n A + (n − 1) I integer less than or equal to t. If f (x) = 2 + sin2 x cos 2 x cos 2x
(c) An = 2 n − 1 A − (n − 1) I det(A) = 192, then the set of values sin2 x cos 2 x 1 + cos 2x
(d) An = n A − (n − 1) I of x is the interval , x ∈[0, π]
Ans. (d) [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
(a) [68, 69) (b) [62, 63) Then the maximum value of f (x) is
1 0
Given that, A = (c) [65, 66) (d) [60, 61) equal to ………… .
1 1 [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
Ans. (6) b − 3, c = 3 3−a
and 0
sin2 x − 2 + cos2 x cos 2x b = 3, c = −3 Q= 2
f (x) = 2 + sin2 x cos2 x a −3 0
cos 2x Total possible pairs = 4 × 2 = 8
2
sin2 x cos2 x 1 + cos 2x Case I + Case II = 8 + 8 = 16
Det (Q ) = 9
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 + C 1 42 The number of distinct real roots of 3 − a a − 3
0− =9
sin2 x −2+ 1 cos 2x 2 2
sin x cos x cos x
f (x) = 2 + sin2 x 2 + 1 cos 2x 2
cos x sin x cos x = 0in the a − 3
sin2 x 1 1 + cos 2x ⇒ = 9 ⇒ (a − 3) = 36
2
2
cos x cos x sin x
sin2 x −1 cos 2x a − 3 = ± 6 ⇒ a = 9, − 3
π π
f (x) = 2 + sin2 x 3 cos 2x interval − ≤ x ≤ is a + 3
4 4 2 2
sin2 x 1 1 + cos 2x P=
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] a+ 3
0
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 3 and R 2 → R 2 − 3R 3 (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 2
2 sin x 2
0 1 + 2 cos 2x Ans. (b) 2 6 2 0
P = or
f (x) 2 − 2 sin2 x 0 − 3 − 2 cos 2x We have, 6 0 0 0
sin2 x 1 + cos 2x sin x cos x cos x
1 π π | P | = − 36 or 0
cos x sin x cos x = 0, − ≤ x ≤
4 4 ∴ | − 36 + 0 | = 36
f (x) = − [− 2 sin x (3 + 2 cos 2x)
2
cos x cos x sin x
− 2(1 + 2 cos 2x) (1 − sin2 x)]
Apply R 1 → R 1 − R 2 and R 2 → R 2 − R 3 ,
44 Let A = [a ij ] be a 3 × 3 matrix, where
= 2[3 sin2 x + 2 cos 2x sin2 x sin x − cos x cos x − sin x 0 1 , if i = j
+ cos2 x + 2 cos 2x cos2 x] 0 sin x − cos x cos x − sin x
a ij = − x , if| i − j | = 1
= 2[2 sin2 x + 1 + 2 cos 2x] cos x cos x sin x 2x + 1 , otherwise
= 2(2 sin2 x + 1 + 2 − 4 sin2 x) =0
∴ f (x) = 2(3 − 2 sin2 x) ⇒ (sin x − cos x) 2 Let a function f : R → R be defined
For f (x) to be maximum, sin2 x should be 1 −1 0 as f (x) = det (A). Then, the sum of
minimum. Minimum value of sin2 x is 0. 0 1 − 1 =0 maximum and minimum values of
∴ [f (x)] max = 2(3 − 0) = 6 cos x cos x sin x f on R is equal to
[2021, 20 July Shift-I]
41 Let On expanding,
20 88 20 88
a b (sin x − cos x) 2 [1(sin x + cos x) + 1(cos x)] = 0 (a) − (b) (c) (d) −
M = A = : a, b, c, d ∈ {±3, ± 2, ± 1, 0} ⇒ (sin x − cos x) 2 (sin x + 2 cos x) = 0
27 27 27 27
c d ∴ sin x − cos x = 0 Ans. (d)
Define f : M → Z, as f (A) = det(A), for π 1 ,i = j
⇒sin x = cos x ⇒ x =
all A ∈M, where Z is set of all 4 a ij = − x ,| i − j | = 1
integers. Then the number of A ∈M Hence, the number of distinct real roots 2x + 1, otherwise
such that f (A) = 15 is equal to …… =1
A = [a ij ] be 3 × 3 matrix.
[2021, 25 July Shift-I] 2 3 1 − x 2x + 1
Ans. (16) 43 Let A = , a ∈R be written as
a 0 ∴ A= −x 1 −x
a b
A= , | A | = ad − bc P + Q , where P is a symmetric 2x + 1 − x 1
c d
matrix and Q is skew symmetric | A | = (1 − x 2 ) − x (− 2x 2 − x + x) + (2x + 1)
a, b, c, d = { −3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} matrix. If det (Q) = `9, then the (x 2 − 2x − 1)
Case I ad = 9 and bc = −6 modulus of the sum of all possible | A | = 4x − 4x − 4x
3 2
b = 2, c = − 3 values of determinant of P is equal
b = −2, c = 3 ⇒f ′ (x) = 12x 2 − 8x − 4 ⇒f ′ (x) = 0
a = 3, d =3 to [2021, 20 July Shift-I]
and ⇒ 4(3x 2 − 2x − 1) = 0
a = − 3, d = − 3 b = 3, c = −2 (a) 36 (b) 24 ⇒ (x − 1) (3x + 1) = 0
b = −3, c = 2 (c) 45 (d) 18
+ – +
Total possible pairs = 4 × 2 = 8 Ans. (a)
–1/3 1
Case II ad = 6 and bc = −9 2 3 T 2 a 1
A = , A = 3 0 ⇒ x = 1, −
a = 2, d = 3 a 0 3
a = −2, d = −3
A + AT A − AT At f(1) → minimum
A= +
a = 3, d = 2 f − → maximum
2 2 1
a = −3, d = −2 A+ AT
A − AT 3
Let P = and Q =
2 2 f(1) = 4(13 − 12 − 1) = − 4
f − =
1 20 Ans. (d) 1
∴ det A 2 − I
3 27 Given, 2
20 − 88 1 + sin2 x sin2 x sin2 x sin2 α − 1 /2 0
∴ Sum = − 4 + = =
27 27 cos x2
1 + cos x2
cos x = 0 2
0 sin2 α − 1 /2
45 Let a, b, c, d be in arithmetic 4 sin2x 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x 2
2 1
progression with common sin α − = 0
(0 < x < π) 2
difference λ. Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 , 1
sinα = ±
x +a −c x +b x +a 2 2 1 2
cos2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2 x = 0 π
If x −1 x + c x + b = 2, ⇒ α= is one possibility.
4 sin2x 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x 4
x −b+d x +d x +c
ApplyingC 1 → C 1 − C 2 , 48 If x, y, z are in arithmetic
then value of λ 2 is equal to …… . 0 2 1
[2021, 20 July Shift-I] progression with common
− 1 1 + cos2 x cos2 x = 0 difference d, x ≠ 3d, and the
Ans. (1)
0 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x determinant of the matrix
Given a, b, c, d are in AP and λ is common
difference. ⇒ 2 + 8 sin2x − 4 sin2x = 0 3 4 2 x
∴b = a + λ, c = a + 2λ, d = a + 3λ (expanding alongC 1 )
x+a−c x + b x + a ⇒ 4 sin2x = − 2 4 5 2 y is zero, then the value
x−1 x + c x + b =2 1 5 k z
⇒ sin2x = −
x −b+d x+d x+c 2
π π of k 2 is [2021, 17 March Shift-II]
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 3 ⇒ 2x = π + , 2 π − (a) 72 (b) 12 (c) 36 (d) 6
6 6
x + a − c b −a x+a Ans. (a)
7 π 11 π
x−1 c −b x + b = 2 ⇒ 2x = ,
6 6 Method (I)
x −b+d d−c x + c Given, x, y and z are in AP with common
7 π 11 π
x − 2λ λ x + a ⇒ x= , difference = d
12 12
⇒ x−1 λ x+b =2 ∴ x = First term
[Note You can also solve by applying y = Second term of AP = First term +
x + 2λ λ x + c
C 1 → C 1 − C 3 and C 2 → C 2 − C 3 ] Common difference
[Qb − a = c − b = d − c = λ; ⇒ y=x+d …(i)
c − a = d − b = 2λ] 0 sinα
47 If A = and det and z = Third term of AP = Second term +
x − 2λ 1 x + a sinα 0 Common difference
⇒ λ x−1 1 x+b =2 A2 − 1 I = 0, then a possible value ⇒ z = (x + d) + d = x + 2d …(ii)
x + 2λ 1 x + c 2 Also, given x ≠ 3d …(iii)
of α is 3 4 2 x
Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 , R 3 → R 3 − R 1 [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
x − 2λ 1 x + a π π and 4 5 2 y = 0
(a) (b)
λ 2λ − 1 0 b − a = 2 2 3 5 k z
π π
4λ 0 c −a (c) (d) Applying R 2 → R 1 + R 3 − 2R 2 , we have
4 6
x − 2λ 1 x + a 3 4 2 x
Ans. (c)
⇒ λ 2λ − 1 0 λ =2 0 k −6 2 0 =0
0 sinα
4λ 0 2λ A= 5 k z
sinα 0
⇒ −λ [2λ (2λ − 1) − 4λ 2 ] ⇒ (k − 6 2) (3z − 5x) = 0
1
⇒ 2λ 2 = 2 ⇒ λ 2 = 1 and det A 2 − I = 0
2 (Expanding along R 2 )
46 The solutions of the equation ∴ Either k − 6 2 = 0 or 3z − 5x = 0
0 sinα 0 sinα ⇒ k = 6 2 or 3(x + 2d) − 5x = 0
1 + sin2 x sin2 x sin2 x A2 =
sinα 0 sinα 0 [from Eq. (ii)]
cos x 1 + cos x
2 2
cos2 x
⇒x = 3d which is not possible as in Eq. (iii).
sin2 α 0
4 sin2x 4 sin2x 1 + 4 sin2x A2 = ∴k = 6 2 is only one solution.
0 sin2
α
= 0, (0 < x < π), are Hence, k 2 = (6 2) 2 ⇒ k 2 = 72
I 1 /2 0 Method (II)
[2021, 18 March Shift-I] ⇒ =
π π π 5π 2 0 1 /2 Here, x = First term
(a) , (b) ,
12 6 6 6 y = Second term = x + d, where
2 I sin α − 1 /2
2
0
5π 7 π 7 π 11 π A − = d = Common difference
(c) , (d) , 2 0 sin2 α − 1 /2
12 12 12 12 z = Third term = x + 2d
Now, given matrix will be of the form ⇒ 4x = 16 or 4x = − 2 (Rejected because Ans. (c)
3 4 2 x 4x > 0, ∀x ∈ R) Given,
⇒ 4 =4 ⇒x =2
x 2
sin2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2x
4 5 2 x + d
5 x + 2d 1 f (x) = 1 + sin x
2
cos2 x cos2x
k
2 x − x − 1 x 2 3 1 4
2 2
sin x cos2 x sin2x
According to the question, ∴ 1 0 x = 1 0 2 =2
3 4 2 x x 1 0 2 1 0 On applyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 , we get
4 5 2 x + d =0
sin2 x + 1 + cos2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2x
5 k x + 2d a b α 0
50 Let A = and B = ≠ , f (x) = 1 + sin2 x + cos2 x cos2 x cos2x
Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , c d β 0 sin x + cos x
2 2
cos2 x sin2x
we get such that AB = B and a + d = 2021,
2 1 + cos2 x cos2x
3 4 2 x then the value of ad − bc is equal to
1 2 d =0 …………… . [2021, 17 March Shift-II] f (x) = 2 cos2 x cos2x
2 k − 4 2 2d Ans. (2020) 1 cos2 x sin2x
a b α 0 On applying R 1 → R 1 − R 2
Again, applying R 3 → R 3 − 2R 2 , we have Given, A = , B = ≠ i.e. B ≠ 0
3 4 2 x c d β 0 0 1 0
and AB = B f (x) = 2 cos2 x cos2x
1 2 d =0
⇒ AB − B = 0 ⇒B (A − I) = 0 1 cos2 x sin2x
0 k −6 2 0
⇒ | ( A − I) B | = 0 f (x) = 1(2 sin2x − cos2x)
⇒ − (k − 6 2) (3d − x) = 0 (Expanding B ≠0
Q As, we know that, iff (θ) = A sinθ + B cosθ
along R 3 )
(a − 1) b
⇒ k − 6 2 = 0 or 3d − x = 0 ∴ |A −I |=0 ⇒ =0 Then, − A 2 + B 2 ≤ f (θ) ≤ A 2 + B 2
c (d − 1)
⇒ k = 6 2 or x = 3d which is not Here, we have,f (x) = 2 sin2x − cos2x
acceptable. ⇒ (a − 1) (d − 1) − bc = 0
− 22 + 12 ≤ f (x) ≤ 22 + 12
According to given problem condition. ⇒ ad − bc = 2020
∴ k 2 = (6 2) 2 ⇒k 2 = 72 − 5 ≤ f (x) ≤ 5
Method (II)
18 a b α
So, maximum value off (x) is 5.
49 If 1, log 10 (4 x − 2) and log 10 4 x + Given, A =
5 , B = β (a + 1) (a + 2)
a +2 1
c d
are in arithmetic progression for a AB = B 52 The value of (a + 2) (a + 3) a + 3 1
real number x, then the value of the
a b α α (a + 3) (a + 4) a + 4 1
determinant ⇒ c d β = β
is [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-I]
2 x − x − 1 x 2
1
aα + bβ α (a) (a + 2) (a + 3) (a + 4)
2 ⇒ cα + dβ = β
1 0 x is equal to (b) –2
⇒ aα + bβ = α ⇒α (a − 1) = − bβ … (i) (c) (a + 1) (a + 2) (a + 3)
x 1 0 (d) 0
and cα + dβ = β ⇒cα = β (1 − d) … (ii)
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get Ans. (b)
……… . [2021, 17 March Shift-II] (a + 1) (a + 2) a + 2 1
a − 1 −b
Ans. (2) =
c 1−d Given, A = (a + 2) (a + 3) a + 3 1
Given 1,log 10 (4x − 2), log 10 4x + are in
18 (a + 3) (a + 4) a + 4 1
⇒ (a − 1) (1 − d) = − bc
5 ⇒ a − 1 − ad + d = − bc Apply R 2 → R 2 − R 1
(a)P. ⇒ a + d − 1 = ad − bc (a + 1) (a + 2) a + 2 1
∴ 2log 10 (4x − 2) = 1 + log 10 4x +
18 ⇒ 2021 − 1 = ad − bc
5 ⇒ ad − bc = 2020 A= (a + 2) (2) 1 0
(a + 3) (a + 4) a + 4 1
= log 10 10 + log 10 4x +
18
51 The maximum value of
5 Apply R 3 → R 3 − R 1
sin2 x 1 + cos2 x cos2x (a + 1) (a + 2) a + 2 1
18
⇒log 10 (4x − 2) 2 = log 10 10 × 4x +
5 f (x) = 1 + sin2 x cos2 x cos2x , A= 2 (a + 2) 1 0
⇒ (4x − 2) 2 = 10 × 4x + 36 sin2 x cos2 x sin2x 4a + 10 2 0
Now, expand along column third,
⇒ (4x ) 2 − 4(4x ) + 4 = 10 × 4x + 36 x ∈R is [2021, 16 March Shift-II]
3 A = 1[4(a + 2) − (4a + 10)]
⇒ (4x ) 2 − 14 (4x ) − 32 = 0 (a) 7 (b)
= 4a + 8 − 4a − 10
4
⇒ (4x − 16) (4x + 2) = 0 (c) 5 (d) 5 = −2
53 Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix with det (A) = Also, A 2 = I 3 Ans. (c)
4. Let R i denote the ith row of (a) If | A2 | = | I3 | = 1 Given determinant is
a matrix B is obtained by ∴ | (x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz) 2 | = 1 x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
performing the operation ⇒ x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz = 1 [Qx + y + z > 0] ∆ = 2x − 3 3x − 4 4x − 5
R 2 → 2R 2 + 5R 3 on 2A, then det (B) ⇒ x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 1 + 3xyz 3x − 5 5x − 8 10 x − 17
is equal to [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] = 1 + 3(2) [Qxyz = 2] On applying R 3 → R 3 − R 2 − R 1 , we get
(a) 16 (b) 80 =7 x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
(c) 64 (d) 128 ∆ = 2x − 3 3x − 4 4x − 5
55 Let A be a 2×2 real matrix with
Ans. (c) 0 −1 3x − 8
entries from {0,1} and |A| ≠ 0.
a b c On applying R 2 → R 2 − 2R 1 , we get
Consider the following two
Let A = d e f x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
statements
g h i ∆= 1 − x + 2 − 2x + 3
(P) If A ≠ I2 , then | A| = −1
2a 2b 2c 0 −1 3x − 8
(Q) If | A|= 1, then tr ( A ) = 2,
Then,2A = 2d 2e 2f = (x − 2) [(2 − x) (3x − 8) + (− 2x + 3)]
where I2 denotes 2 × 2 identity
2g 2h 2i − 1 [(2x − 3) (3x − 8) + (3x − 4)]
matrix and tr(A) denotes the sum
Now, perform the operation of the diagonal entries of (a) Then, = (x − 2) [− 3x 2 + 14x − 16 − 2x + 3]
R 2 → 2R 2 + 5R 3 on 2A, we get − [6x 2 − 25x + 24 + 3x − 4]
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I]
2a 2b 2c = (x − 2) [− 3x + 12x − 13] −
2
(a) (P) is false and (Q) is true
B = 4d + 10 g 4e + 10h 4f + 10i [6x 2 − 22x + 20]
(b) Both (P) and (Q) are false
2g 2h 2i = − 3x + 18x − 37 x + 26 − 6x 2
3 2
(c) (P) is true and (Q) is false
+ 22x − 20
2a 2b 2c (d) Both (P) and (Q) are true
= − 3x 3 + 12x 2 − 15x − 7
| B | = 4d + 10 g 4e + 10h 4f + 10i Ans. (a) = Ax 3 + Bx 2 + Cx + D [given]
2g 2h 2i It is given that; A be a 2 × 2 real matrix On comparing the coefficient of
with entries from {0, 1} and | A | ≠ 0, then different terms,
Using property of invariance to calculate we get
following matrices are possible
| B |, apply A = − 3, B = 12,C = − 15 and D = − 7
1 0
R 2 → R 2 − 5R 3 (i) A = , here | A | = 1 and tr (A) = 2 ∴B + C = −3
0 1
2a 2b 2c Hence, option (c) is correct.
1 1 1 0
| B | = 4d 4e 4f (ii) A = or , here, | A | = 1 and
0 1 1 1 57 If the minimum and the maximum
2g 2h 2i π π
tr (A) = 2 values of the function f : , → R,
a b c 0 1 4 2
(iii) A = , here A ≠ I 2 and | A | = − 1
= 2 × 4 × 2 d e f 1 0 defined by
g h i 1 1 0 1 − sin2 θ −1 − sin2 θ 1
(iv) A = or , here A ≠ I 2 and
= 16 × det(A) 1 0 1 1 f (θ) = − cos2 θ −1 − cos2 θ 1
= 16 × 4 = 64 [Qdet(A) = 4] | A| = − 1 12 10 −2
So, the given statements
x y z are m and M respectively, then the
(P) If A ≠ I 2 , then | A | = − 1, is true as cases
54 Let A = y z x, where x, y and z ordered pair (m,M) is equal to
(iii) and (iv). But in (ii) A ≠ I 2 and | A | = 1
z x y
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
(Q ) If | A | = 1, thentr (A) =2, is true as cases
(a) (0,2 2 ) (b) (−4, 4)
are real numbers, such that (i) and (ii).
(c) (0, 4) (d) (−4, 0)
x + y + z > 0 and xyz = 2. If A2 = I3 , x −2 2x − 3 3x − 4 Ans. (d)
then the value of x 3 + y 3 + z 3
56 If ∆ = 2x − 3 3x − 4 4x − 5 = Given function
is ……… . [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
Ans. (7) 3x − 5 5x − 8 10x − 17 − sin2 θ −1 − sin2 θ 1
Ax 3 + Bx 2 + Cx + D, then B + C is f(θ) =− cos2 θ −1 − cos2 θ 1
x y z
Here, A = y z x equal to 12 10 −2
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-I]
z x y (a) −1 − sin2 θ −1 − sin2 θ 1
x y z (b) 1 = 2− cos2 θ −1 − cos2 θ 1
(c) − 3
∴ | A | = y z x = x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz 6 5 −1
(d) 9
z x y
On applying R 1 → R 1 + R 3 and On applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 and Since, it is given matrix, B = A + A 4
R2 → R2 + R3, R2 → R2 − R3, cos θ + cos 4θ sin θ + sin 4θ
we get we get ⇒ B =
− (sin θ + sin 4θ) cos θ + cos 4θ
6 − sin2 θ 4 − sin2 θ 0 1 0 a−c
∴det(B) = (cos θ + cos 4θ)2 + (sin θ sin 4θ)2
f(θ) = 26 − cos2 θ 4 − cos2 θ 0 D = y 1 0 b − c = y (−1)[(b − c) –(a − c)]
= 2 + 2 cos (3θ)
6 5 −1 λ –1 1 c π
So, at θ =
= y (a − b). 5
= 2(−1)[(6 − sin2 θ)(4 − cos2 θ) − (4
3π 3π
− sin2 θ)(6 − cos2 θ)] 59 Let m and M be respectively the det(B) = 2 + 2 cos = 4 cos2
5 10
= − 2 [24 − 6 cos2 θ − 4 sin2 θ + sin2 θ cos2 θ − minimum and maximum values of 2
10 − 2 5
24 + 4 cos2 θ + 6 sin2 θ − sin2 θ cos2 θ] cos2 x 1 + sin2 x sin2x =4 1
= (10 − 2 5)
= − 2 [−2 cos2 θ + 2 sin2 θ] = 4 cos2θ 4 4
1 + cos x
2 2
sin x sin2x .
π π π
As θ ∈ , ⇒2θ ∈ , π 2
cos x sin x 1 + sin2x
2
=
10 − 2(2.23)
[Q 5 ≈ 2.23]
4 2 2
4
π Then, the ordered pair (m, M) is 10 − 4.46 5.54
∴ f (θ) = f = −4 = m = = ∈(1, 2)
minimum 2 equal to [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I] 4 4
π (a) (−3, 3) (b) (−3, − 1)
and f (θ) = f = 0 = M (c) (−4, − 1) (d) (1, 3) 61 Let A = [a ij ] and B = [bij ] be two 3 × 3
maximum 4
Ans. (b) real matrices such that
∴ The ordered pair (m, M) is (−4, 0).
Given determinant is bij = (3) (i + j − 2 ) a ji , where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If
58 If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where cos2 x 1 + sin2 x sin2x the determinant of B is 81, then the
D = 1 + cos x
2
sin2 x sin2x determinant of A is
a, b, c, x, y, z are non-zero distinct
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
real numbers, 2
cos x 2
sin x 1 + sin2x
1 1 1
x a + y x + a On applying, R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d)
9 81 3
theny b + y y + bis equal to → R 3 − R 1 , we get
Ans. (a)
z c + y z + c cos x 1 + sin x sin2x
2 2
It is given that there are two matrices of
[2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] D = 1 −1 0 order 3 × 3 each, A = [a ij ] and B = [b ij ],
(a) y (b − a) (b) y (a − b )
such that b ij = 3 i + j − 2 a ij
0 −1 1
(c) 0 (d) y (a − c)
∴ Matrix
Ans. (b) = cos2 x (−1 − 0) − (1 + sin2 x)(1 − 0)
x a+ y x+a + sin2x (−1 − 0) 31 + 1 − 2 a 11 31 + 2 − 2 a 12 31 + 3 − 2 a 13
= − cos2 x − 1 − sin2 x − sin2x
Given determinant D = y b + y y+b = − (2 + sin2x) B = 32 + 1 − 2 a 21 32 + 2 − 2 a 22 32 + 3 − 2 a 23
z c+y z+c ∴Minimum value of D is ‘m’ = − (2 + 1) = −3 3 3 + 1 − 2 a 33 + 2 − 2 a 22 33 + 3 − 2 a 33
31
and maximum value of D is ‘M’
x a+ y x x a+ y a a 11 3a 12 32 a 13
= − (2 − 1) = − 1
= y b+ y y + y b+ y b ∴The ordered pair (m, M) is (−3, − 1) . = 3a 21 32 a 22 33 a 23
z c+y z z c+y c 3 a
2 3 4
31 3 a 32 3 a 33
π cosθ sinθ
x a a x y a 60 Let θ = and A = . a 11 a 12 a 13
=0+ y b b +y y b
5 − sinθ cosθ = (3 × 3 ) × (3 × 3 ) a 21 a 22 a 23 = 36 ⋅ A
2 2
z c c z y c
If B = A + A 4 , then det (B) a 31 a 32 a 33
[2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
1 1
x 1 a (a) is one (b) line in (2, 3) ⇒ A = 6 B ⇒ det (A) = 6 det (B)
3 3
=yy 1 b (c) is zero (d) lies in (1, 2)
81 1 1
z 1 c Ans. (d) ⇒ det(A) = 6 = 2 =
3 3 9
On applyingC 1 → C 1 + C 3 , we get cos θ sin θ
Given matrix, A = (Qdet (B) = 81 (given))
− sin θ cos θ
x+a 1 a
62 Let a − 2b + c = 1.
D = y y+b 1 b cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ
So, A 2 =
z+c 1 c
− sin θ cos θ − sin θ cos θ x + a x +2 x + 1
It is given thata + x = b + y = c + z + 1 = λ cos 2θ sin 2θ
If f (x) = x + b x + 3 x + 2 , then
=
(let), so
− sin 2θ cos 2θ x + c x +4 x +3
λ 1 a
D=y λ 1 b cos 4θ sin 4θ [2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
∴ A4 =
− sin 4θ cos 4θ (a) f(−50) = 501 (b) f(50) = 1
λ –1 1 c
(c) f(−50) = − 1 (d) f(50) = − 501
Ans. (b) 1 1
= (b − 2)(c − 2) x sinθ cosθ
x+a x+2 x+ 1 b + 2 c + 2
Given, f (x) = x + b x+3 x+2
65 If ∆ 1 = − sinθ − x 1
[taking common (b − 2) from C 1
x+c x+4 x+3 and (c − 2) from C 2 ] cosθ 1 x
On applying R 1 → R 1 − 2R 2 + R 3 , we get
= (b − 2)(c − 2)(c − b) x sin 2θ cos2θ
a − 2b + c 0 0
Since,2,b and c are in AP, if assume and ∆ 2 = − sin2θ −x 1 ,
common difference of AP isd, then
f (x) = x+b x+3 x+2 b = 2 + d and c = 2 + 2d cos2θ 1 x
x+c x+4 x+3 π
x ≠ 0, then for all θ ∈ 0,
So, | A | = d (2d)d = 2d 3 ∈ [2, 16] [given]
Qa − 2b + c = 1 so, (given) ⇒ d 3 ∈[1, 8] ⇒ d ∈[1, 2] 2
∴ 2 + 2d ∈ [2 + 2, 2 + 4] = [4, 6] ⇒ c ∈[4, 6] [2019, 10 April Shift-I]
1 0 0
(a) ∆ 1 + ∆ 2 = − 2 (x 3 + x − 1)
f (x) = x + b x+3 x+2 64 Let α and β be the roots of the (b) ∆ 1 − ∆ 2 = − 2 x 3
x+c x+4 x+3 equation x 2 + x + 1 = 0. Then, for (c) ∆ 1 + ∆ 2 = − 2 x 3
On applying R 2 → R 2 − R 3 , we get y ≠ 0 in R, (d) ∆ 1 − ∆ 2 = x(cos2θ − cos4θ)
y +1 α β Ans. (c)
1 0 0
f (x) = b − c −1 −1 α y +β 1 is equal to Given determinants are
x+c x+4 x+3 β 1 y +α x sinθ cosθ
[2019, 9 April Shift-I] ∆ 1 = − sinθ −x 1
On applyingC 3 → C 3 − C 2 , we get
(a) y (y − 1)
2 cosθ 1 x
1 0 0
(b) y (y 2 − 3)
f (x) = b − c −1 0 =1 = − x 3 + sinθ cosθ − sinθ cosθ
(c) y3 − 1 + x cos2 θ − x + x sin2 θ
x+c x + 4 −1 (d) y3 =−x 3
So, f(50) = 1 Ans. (d) x sin2θ cos2θ
Hence, option (b) is correct. Given, quadratic equation is x 2 + x + 1 = 0 and ∆ 2 = − sin2θ − x 1 ,x ≠0
having roots α, β. cos2θ 1 x
63 Let the numbers 2, b, c be in an AP Then,α + β = −1 and αβ = 1
1 1 1 = − x 3 (similarly as ∆ 1 )
Now, given determinant
and A = 2 b c . If y+ 1 α β
So, according to options, we get
∆ 1 + ∆ 2 = − 2x 3
4 b2 c 2 ∆ = α y+β 1
det(A) ∈ [2, 16], then c β 1 y+α 66 The sum of the real roots of the
x −6 −1
lies in the interval On applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we get
[2019, 8 April Shift-II] equation 2 − 3x x − 3 = 0, is
(a) [3, 2 + 2 3 / 4] (b) (2 + 2 3 / 4, 4) y + 1+ α + β y + 1+ α + β y + 1+ α + β − 3 2x x + 2
(c) [4, 6] (d) [2, 3)
∆= α y+β 1 equal to [2019, 10 April Shift-II]
Ans. (c) β 1 y+α (a) 0 (b) − 4 (c) 6 (d) 1
1 1 1
y y y Ans. (a)
Given, matrix A = 2 b c , so −6 −1
= α y+β 1 [Qα + β = −1] x
4 b c 2
2
β 1 y+α Given equation 2 − 3x x − 3 = 0
1 1 1 − 3 2x x + 2
det(A) =2 b c On applyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 and
2 C3 → C3 −C1, On expansion of determinant along R 1 ,
4 b c2 we get
we get
On applying,C 2 → C 2 − C 1 and y 0 0 x [(− 3x) (x + 2) − 2x (x − 3)] + 6
C3 → C3 − C1, ∆ = α y + β −α 1 −α [2(x + 2) + 3(x − 3)]
1 0 0 β 1 −β y + α −β − 1 [2(2x) − (− 3x) (− 3)] = 0
we getdet(A) =2 b − 2 c − 2 ⇒ x [− 3x 2 − 6x − 2x 2 + 6x]
= y [(y + (β − α)) (y − (β − α)) − (1 − α) (1 − β)]
4 b − 4 c − 4
2 2
+ 6[2x + 4 + 3x − 9] − 1 [4x − 9x] = 0
[expanding along R 1 ]
b −2 c −2 ⇒ x (− 5x 2 ) + 6(5x − 5) − 1(− 5x) = 0
= 2 = y [y 2 − (β − α) 2 − (1 − α − β + αβ)]
b − 4 c − 4
2
⇒ −5x 3 + 30 x − 30 + 5x = 0
= y [y 2 − β 2 − α 2 + 2αβ − 1 + (α + β) − αβ]
b −2 c −2 ⇒ 5x − 35x + 30 = 0 ⇒ x 3 − 7 x + 6 = 0.
3
= = y [y 2 − (α + β) 2 + 2αβ + 2αβ − 1 + (α + β) − αβ]
(b − 2)(b + 2) (c − 2)(c + 2) Since all roots are real
= y [y 2 − 1 + 3 − 1 − 1] = y 3 coefficient of x 2
∴ Sum of roots = − =0
[Q α + β = −1 and αβ = 1] coefficient of x 3
67 A value of θ ∈(0, π / 3), for which −2 4+ d (sinθ) − 2 Then, the number of elements in
= 1 (sinθ) + 2 d S, is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II]
1 + cos θ sin θ
2 2
4cos6θ
1 0 0 (a) 4
cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4cos6θ = 0, (R 3 → R 3 − 2R 2 + R 1 ) (b) 2
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4cos6θ = 1 [(4 + d)d − (sinθ + 2) (sinθ − 2)] (c) 10
(expanding along R 3 ) (d) infinitely many
is [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
π π 7π 7π = (d 2 + 4d − sin2 θ + 4) Ans. (d)
(a) (b) (c) (d) = (d 2 + 4d + 4) − sin2 θ
9 18 24 36 Given,
= (d + 2) 2 − sin2 θ log e a 1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k log e a 3r a 4k
Ans. (a) Note that | A | will be minimum if sin2 θ is
log e a a r k
log e a a r k
log e a 6r a 7k = 0
Let maximum i.e. if sin2 θ takes value 1. 4 5
r k
5
r
6
k
1 + cos θ
2
sin θ 4 cos6 θ
2 log e a a log e a a log e a 9r a 10k
Q | A |min = 8, 7 8 8 9
∆= cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4 cos6 θ therefore (d + 2) 2 − 1 = 8 On applying elementary operations
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1+ 4 cos6θ ⇒ (d + 2) 2 = 9 C 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 , we get
⇒ d + 2 = ± 3 ⇒ d = 1, − 5
=0 log e a 1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k − log e a 1r a 2k
ApplyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 , we get 2 b 1 log e a 4r a 5k log e a 5r a 6k − log e a 4r a 5k
69 Let A = b b2 + 1 b, where b> 0.
2 sin2 θ 4 cos6 θ log e a 7r a 8k log e a 8r a 9k − log e a 7r a 8k
∆ = 2 1 + sin2 θ 4 cos6 θ = 0 log e a 3r a 4k − log e a 1r a 2k
1 b 2
1 sin2 θ 1+ 4 cos6 θ log e a 6r a 7k − log e a 4r a 5k = 0
det (A)
Then, the minimum value of log e a 9r a 10k − log e a 7r a 8k
Applying R 1 → R 1 − 2R 3 and R 2 → R 2 − 2R 3 ,
we get b
ara k
0 − sin2 θ − 2 − 4 cos6 θ
is [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] log e a 1r a 2k log e 2r 3k
a a
(a) − 3 (b) −2 3 1 2
∆ = 0 1 − sin2 θ − 2 − 4 cos6 θ = 0
(c) 2 3 (d) 3 ara k
1 sin2 θ 1+ 4 cos6 θ ⇒ log e a 4a 5 log e 5r 6k
r k
Ans. (c) 2 b 1 a 4a 5
On expanding w.r.t.C 1 , we get Given matrix A = b b 2 + 1 b , b > 0 a 8r a 9k
log e a 7r a 8k log e r k
⇒sin2 θ(2 + 4 cos 6θ) + (2 + 4 cos 6 θ) 1 b 2 a 7a 8
(1 − sin2 θ) = 0 2 b 1 a ra k
⇒ 2 + 4 cos6 θ = 0 log e 3r 4k
So, det (A) = | A | = b b + 1 b
2
a1 a2
1 2π
⇒ cos6 θ = − = cos 1 b 2 a ra k
2 3 log e 6r 7k = 0
2π π π a 4a 5
⇒ 6θ = ⇒θ= Qθ ∈ 0, = 2 [2(b 2 + 1) − b 2 ] − b (2b − b) +1 (b 2 − b 2 − 1)
3 9 3 = 2[2b 2 + 2 − b 2 ] − b 2 − 1
a 9r a 10k
log e r k
= 2b 2 + 4 − b 2 − 1 = b 2 + 3 a 7a 8
68 Let d ∈R, and
det(A) b 2 + 3 3
−2 4+d (sin θ) − 2 ⇒ = =b+ m
Qlog e m − log e n = log e
A= 1 , b b b
(sin θ) + 2 d n
Now, by AM ≥ GM, we get
5 (2 sin θ) − d (− sin θ) + 2 + 2d 3 [Qa 1 , a 2 , a 3 .......,a 10 are in GP, therefore
b+ 1/2
put a 1 = a, a 2 = aR, a 3 = aR 2 ,..., a 10 = aR 9 ]
θ ∈[θ, 2π]. If the minimum value of b ≥ b × 3 {Qb > 0 }
2 b
det(A) is 8, then a value of d is + k ar + k Rr +2 k
3 log e a r Rk log e r + k k
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I] ⇒ b+ ≥2 3 a R
b
(a) −5 (b) −7 ar + k R4 +5 k
det (A)
=2 3 ⇒ log e a r + k R 3 r + 4 k log e r + k 3 r + 4 k
(c) 2 ( 2 + 1) (d) 2 ( 2 + 2) So, minimum value of
a R
b
Ans. (a) a r + k R 7r + 8 k
70 Let a 1 , a 2 , a 3 .....,a 10 be in GP with log e a r + k R 6 r + 7 k log e r + k 6 r + 7 k
Given, a
−2 4+ d (sinθ) − 2 a i > 0 for i = 1, 2,.....,10 and S be the R
A = 1 (sinθ) + 2 d set of pairs (r, k ), r, k ∈ N (the set of ar + k R2r + 3 k
log e r + k
natural numbers) for which a Rk
5 (2 sinθ) − d (− sinθ) + 2 + 2d
loge a 1r a 2k loge a 2r a 3k loge a 3r a 4k ar + k R5 r + 6 k
−2 4+ d (sinθ) − 2 log e r + k 3 r + 4 k = 0
∴ |A | = 1 (sinθ) + 2 d loge a 4r a 5k loge a 5r a 6k loge a 6r a 7k a R
loge a 7r a 8k loge a 8r a 9k loge a 9r a 10k a r + k R 8r + 9 k
5 (2 sinθ) − d (− sinθ) + 2 + 2d log e r + k 6 r + 7 k
a R
=0
+ k + k
log e (a rR k ) log e R r ⇒ x + a + b + c = ± (a + b + c) 5x − 4 2x 2x
⇒ log e a r +k
R 3r + 4 k
log e R r + k
⇒ x = − 2(a + b + c) 5x − 4 x − 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
log e a r +k
R 6r + 7 k
log e R r + k
[Qx ≠ 0] 5x − 4 2x x − 4
1 sinθ 1
log e R 2 r +2k
Taking common (5x − 4) from C 1 , we get
log e R 2r + 2 k
=0 72 If A = − sinθ 1 sinθ; then
1 2x 2x
log e R 2r + 2 k − 1 − sinθ 1 (5x − 4) 1 x − 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
r + k + k 3π 5π 1 2x x − 4
R ) log e R r for all θ ∈ , , det(A) lies in the
k
log e (a
⇒ log e (a r + k
R 3r + 4 k
) log e R r + k 4 4 Apply R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1
r + k 6r + 7 k + k interval 1 2x 0
log e (a R ) log e R r
[2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II] ∴ (5x − 4) 0 − x − 4 0
2log e R r + k
3 5 0 0 −x − 4
+ k
=0 (a) , 3 (b) , 4
2log e R r 2 2 = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
+ k
2log e R r 3 5
(c) 0, (d) 1, Expanding alongC 1 , we get
[Qlog mn = n log m and here 2 2 (5x − 4)(x + 4) 2 = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2
log e R 2r + 2 k
= log e R 2 (r + k ) = 2log e R r + k ] Ans. (a) Equating, we get A = −4 and B = 5
Q Column C 2 and C 3 are proportional, 1 sinθ 1
Given matrix A = − sinθ 1 sinθ 74 Let k be an integer such that the
So, value of determinant will be zero for
any value of (r, k), r, k ∈N . triangle with vertices (k , − 3k ), (5, k )
−1 − sinθ 1
and (− k , 2) has area 28 sq units.
∴Set ‘S’ has infinitely many elements. 1 sinθ 1 Then, the orthocentre of this
a −b−c 2a 2a ⇒ det(A) = | A | = − sinθ 1 sinθ triangle is at the point
−1 − sinθ 1 [JEE Main 2017]
71 If 2b b−c −a 2b
= 1(1 + sin θ) − sinθ(− sinθ + sinθ)
2 1 3
2c 2c c −a −b (a) 2, − (b) 1,
+1(sin2 θ + 1) 2 4
= (a + b + c) (x + a + b + c) , x ≠ 0 and 2
3 1
⇒ | A | = 2 (1 + sin2 θ) …(i) (c) 1, − (d) 2,
a + b + c ≠ 0, then x is equal to 4 2
3π 5π
[2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] As we know that, for θ ∈ ,
4 4 Ans. (d)
(a) − (a + b + c) (b) − 2(a + b + c)
(c) 2(a + b + c) 1 1 Given, vertices of triangle are
(d) abc sinθ ∈ − ,
2 2 (k, − 3k), (5, k) and (− k, 2).
Ans. (b)
k − 3k 1
a −b − c 2a 2a 1
⇒ sin2 θ ∈ 0, ∴
1
1 = ± 28
2 5 k
Let ∆ = 2b b − c −a 2b 2
−k 2 1
c −a −b 1
2c 2c ⇒ 1 + sin2 θ ∈ 0 + 1, + 1 − 3k 1
2 k
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 + R 3 , we get ⇒ 5 k 1 = ± 56
3
a+b+ c a+b+ c a+b+ c ⇒ 1 + sin2 θ ∈ 1, −k 2 1
2
∆= 2b b − c −a 2b
3 ⇒ k (k − 2) + 3k (5 + k) + 1(10 + k 2 ) = ± 56
2c 2c c −a −b ⇒ 2(1 + sin2 θ) ∈ [2, 3) ⇒| A | ∈ [2, 3) ⊂ , 3 ⇒ k 2 − 2k + 15k + 3k 2 + 10 + k 2 = ± 56
1 1 1 2
⇒ 5k 2 + 13k + 10 = ± 56
= (a + b + c) 2b b − c − a 2b x − 4 2x 2x
⇒ 5k + 13k − 66 = 0 or 5k 2 + 13k − 46 = 0
2
2c 2c c −a −b 73 If 2x x − 4 2x
⇒ k =2 [Qk ∈I]
(taking common (a + b + c) from R 1 ) 2x 2x x − 4 Thus, the coordinates of vertices of
triangle are A(2, − 6), B(5, 2) and C (− 2, 2).
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 ,
= (A + Bx) (x − A) 2 , then the ordered Y
we get
pair (A, B) is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
∆
1 0 0 (a) (−4, − 5) (b) (−4, 3) C (–2, 2) D
B (5, 2)
= (a + b + c ) 2b − (a + b + c ) 0
(c) (−4, 5) (d) (4, 5) (2, 1/2)
2c 0 − (a + b + c ) Ans. (c) E
Given, X′
O
X
Now, expanding along R 1 , we get
x − 4 2x 2x
∆ = (a + b + c) 1. {(a + b + c) 2 − 0 } 2x x − 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x − A) 2 A (2, –6)
= (a + b + c) 3 = (a + b + c)(x + a + b + c) 2 2x 2x x − 4 Y′
(given)
⇒ Apply C 1 → C 1 + C 2 + C 3 Now, equation of altitude from vertex Ais
⇒ (x + a + b + c) 2 = (a + b + c) 2
y − (− 6) =
−1
(x − 2)
76 Let P and Q be 3 × 3 matrices P ≠ Q. (a) zero
2−2 If P 3 = Q 3 and P 2 Q = Q 2 P, then (b) any even integer
− 2 − 5 determinant of (P 2 + Q 2 ) is equal to (c) any odd integer
[AIEEE 2012] (d) any integer
⇒ x =2 …(i)
(a) –2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) –1 Ans. (c)
Equation of altitude from vertexC is
Ans. (c) a a+ 1 a−1
−1
y −2= [x − (− 2)] − b b + 1 b − 1 + (− 1) n
2 − (− 6) Given
5−2 (i) Two matrices P and Q of order 3 × 3 c c−1 c+ 1
such that P ≠ Q . a + 1 b+ 1 c −1
1
⇒ 3x + 8y − 10 = 0 …(ii)
(ii) P 3 = Q 3 and P 2 Q = Q 2 P
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x = 2 a − 1 b−1 c + 1
1 To find The value of determinant of a −b c
and y = .
2 P2 + Q 2 .
1 a a+ 1 a−1
∴ Orthocentre = 2, On subtracting the given equations, we get
2 = −b b + 1 b − 1 + (− 1) n
P −P Q =Q −Q P
3 2 3 2
⇒ P 2 (P − Q ) = Q 2 (Q − P) c c−1 c+ 1
75 If α, β ≠ 0, f (n) = α + β and n n
⇒ (P − Q )(P 2 + Q 2 ) = 0
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) a+ 1 a − 1 a
Now, since P≠Q [given]
1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) b+ 1 b−1 −b [Q| A | = | AT |]
⇒ P − Q ≠0
c −1 c+1 c
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4) ⇒ | P2 + Q 2 | = 0
∴ P2 + Q 2 = 0 a a+ 1 a−1
= K (1 − α) 2 (1 − β) 2 (α − β) 2 , then K is
= −b b + 1 b − 1 + (− 1) n + 1
equal to [JEE Main 2014] 77 Statement I Determinant of a
1 c c−1 c+ 1
(a) αβ (b) (c) 1 (d) − 1 skew- symmetric matrix of order 3
αβ is zero. a+ 1 a a−1
Two determinants can be multiplied Statement II For any matrix A, b + 1 −b b−1 [C 2 ↔ C 3 ]
row-to-row or row-to-column. c −1 c c+1
f (n) = α n + β n f(1) = α + β, det(AT ) = det(A)
f (2) = α 2 + β 2 , f (3) = α 3 + β 3 , f (4) = α 4 + β 4 and det(− A) = − det(A). a a+ 1 a−1
Ans. (c) Then, [AIEEE 2011] = [1 + (− 1) n + 2 ] −b b + 1 b − 1
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) (a) Statement I is true and Statement II is c c −1 c + 1
false
Let ∆ = 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) This is equal to zero only, if n + 2 is odd
(b) Both statements are true
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4) i.e., n is an odd integer.
(c) Both statements are false
⇒ 3 1+ α+ β 1 + α 2 + β2 (d) Statement I is false and Statement II is 79 Let A be a square matrix all of
∆ = 1+ α + β 1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α3 + β3 true
whose entries are integers. Then,
1 + α 2 + β2 1 + α3 + β3 1 + α4 + β4 Ans. (a) which one of the following is true ?
1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ 1 1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ α + 1⋅ β Determinant of skew-symmetric matrix [AIEEE 2008]
of odd order is zero and of even order is
= 1⋅ 1 + α ⋅ 1 + β ⋅ 1 1⋅ 1 + α ⋅ α + α ⋅ β (a) If det (A) = ± 1, then A−1 need not exist
perfect square.
1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ α 2 + 1⋅ β 2 1⋅ 1 + α 2 ⋅ α + β 2 ⋅ β So, Statement I is true. (b) If det (A) = ± 1, then A−1 exists but all its
1⋅ 1 + 1⋅ α + 1⋅ β
2 2
Now, det (AT ) = det (A) entries are not necessarily integers
1⋅ 1 + α ⋅ α 2 + β ⋅ β 2 and det (− A) = (− 1) n det (A) (c) If det (A) ≠ ± 1, then A−1 exists and all its
1⋅ 1 + α 2 ⋅ α 2 + β 2 ⋅ β 2 So, Statement II is false.
entries are non-integers
1 1 1 1 1 1 (d) If det (A) = ± 1, then A−1 exists and all its
= 1 α β 1 α β 78 Let a, b and c be such that entries are integers
1 α2 β2 1 α2 β2 (b + c ) ≠ 0.
Ans. (d)
2
a a +1 a −1
1 1 1 As det (A) = ± 1, A −1 exists.
If −b b + 1 b − 1
= 1 α β 1
1 α2 β2
c c −1 c +1 And A −1 = (adj A)
det (A)
On expanding, we get
a +1 b+1 c −1
= ± (adj A)
∆ = (1 − α) 2 (1 − β) 2 (α − β 2 ) + a −1 b−1 c + 1 = 0,
All entries in adj (A) are integers.
Hence,K (1 −α ) 2 (1 −β ) 2 α
( −β ) 2 (− 1) n + 2 a (− 1) n + 1 b (− 1) n c
Hence, A −1 has integer entries.
= (1 − α) (1 − β) (α − β) 2
2 2
then the value of ‘n’ is [AIEEE 2009]
∴ K =1
Ans. (a) 1 (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
1 1 1
Since, A 2 − B 2 = (A − B)(A + B) = 1 1 + b 2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
80 If D = 1 1 + x 1 for x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0, ∴ A 2 − B 2 = A 2 − B 2 + AB − BA 1 (1 + b ) x 1 + c x
2 2
1 1 1+ y ⇒ AB = BA
[Qa 2 + b 2 + c 2 = − 2, given]
then D is [AIEEE 2007] 1 2 a 0 Applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 , R 2 → R 2 − R 3 , we
(a) divisible by neither x nor y 83 Let A = and B = ; get
3 4 0 b
(b) divisible by both x and y 0 0 x −1
a , b ∈ N.
(c) divisible by x but not y = 0 1− x x −1
Then, [AIEEE 2006]
(d) divisible by y but not x
(a) there exists more than one but finite 1 (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
Ans. (b) number of B’s such that AB = BA
1 1 1 0 x−1
(b) there exists exactly oneBsuch that =
Given that, D = 1 1 + x 1 1− x x − 1
AB = BA
1 1 1+ y
(c) there exist infnitely many B’s such = (x − 1) 2
ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 , that AB = BA Hence,f (x) is of degree 2.
1 0 0 (d) there cannot exist anyBsuch that
= 1 x 0 = xy AB = BA 85 If a 1 , a 2 ,. . ., a n ,. . . are in GP, then
1 0 y Ans. (c) the determinant
log a n log a n + 1 log a n + 2
Hence, D is divisible by both x and y. Given that,
1 2 a 0 ∆ = log a n + 3 log a n + 4 log a n + 5
A= and B = 0 b
5 5 α α 3 4 log a n + 6 log a n + 7 log a n + 8
1 2 a 0 a 2b
81 Let A = 0 α 5 α. If | A2 | = 25, Now, AB = =
is equal to [AIEEE 2005, 2004]
3 4 0 b 3a 4b (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 1
0 0 5
a 0 1 2 a 2a
and BA = = Ans. (c)
then | α| is equal to [AIEEE 2007]
0 b 3 4 3b 4b
1 Since,a 1 , a 2 ,..., a n ,...are in GP, then
(a) 52 (b) 1 (c) (d) 5
5 If AB = BA, then a = b.
log a n ,log a n + 1 ,log a n + 2 ,...,log a n + 8 ,...
Ans. (c) Hence, AB = BA is possible for infinitely
are in AP.
5 5α α many values of B’s.
Since, A = 0 α 5α Given that,
84 If a 2 + b2 + c 2 = − 2 and log a n log a n + 1 log a n + 2
0 0 5
1 + a 2 x (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x ∆ = log a n + 3 log a n + 4 log a n + 5
5 5α α 5 5α α
f (x) = (1 + a 2 ) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x , log a n + 6 log a n + 7 log a n + 8
∴ A 2 = 0 α 5α 0 α 5α
(1 + a 2 ) x (1 + b2 ) x 1 + c 2 x a + d a + 2d
0 0 5 0 0 5 a
25 25α + 5α 2 10α + 25α 2 then f (x) is a polynomial of degree ∴ ∆ = a + 3d a + 4d a + 5d = 0
[AIEEE 2005] a + 6d a + 7d a + 8d
= 0 α2 5α 2 + 25α
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
0 0 25 where a and d are the first term and
Ans. (a) common difference of an AP.
25 25α + 5α 2
10 α + 25α 2
Given that, ApplyingC 2 → C 2 − C 1 ,C 3 → C 3 − C 1 ,
⇒ | A2 | = 0 α2 5α 2 + 25α 1 + a 2 x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x a d 2d
0 0 25 f (x) = (1 + a 2 ) x 1 + b 2 x (1 + c 2 ) x ⇒ ∆ = a + 3d d 2d
α2 25α + 5α 2 (1 + a ) x (1 + b ) x 1 + c x
2 2 2
a + 6d d 2d
= 25 = 625α 2
0 25 ApplyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 + C 3 , we get = 0 [since, two columns are similar]
⇒ 625α 2 = 25 [given] 1 + a2 x + x + b2 x + x + c2 x
1
f (x) = x + a 2 x + 1 + b 2 x + x + c 2 x
0 0 −1
∴ |α | =
5 x + a 2 x + x + b 2 x + 1 + c 2 x 86 Let A = 0 −1 0 . The only
82 If A and B are square matrices of
(1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x −1 0 0
size n × n such that 1 + b 2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
correct statement about the matrix
A2 − B2 = (A − B)(A + B), then which (1 + b ) x 1 + c x
2 2
A is [AIEEE 2004]
of the following will be always true?
1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x (a) A is a zero matrix
(a) AB = BA [AIEEE 2006]
= 1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x (b) A = (−1) I , where I is a unit matrix
(b) Either of A or B is a zero matrix (c) A−1 does not exist
1 + (a + b + c + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
2 2 2
(c) Either of A or B is an identity matrix
(d) A2 = I
(d) A =B
Ans. (d) 0 0 −1 log l
p 1 TOPIC 3
The given matrix, A = 0 −1 0 Now, log m q 1 Adjoint and Inverse
log n r 1
−1 0 0 of Matrices
(a) It is clear that A is not a zero matrix. log A + (p − 1) log R p 1
1 0 0 1 2
= log A + (q − 1) log R q 1
(b) Now, (−1) I = − 1 0 1 0 log A + (r − 1) log R 1 91 If A = 5 5 , B = 1 0 , i = −1
r
0 0 1 −2 1 i 1
Applying
−1 0 0 C 1 → C 1 − [C 3 log A + (C 2 − C 3 ) log R], 5 5
= 0 −1 0 ≠ A , and Q = AT BA, then the inverse of
0 p 1
0 0 −1 the matrix AQ 2021 AT is equal to
= 0 q 1 =0
∴ (−1) I ≠ A [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I]
0 r 1
0 −1 1
(c) Now, | A | = 0 + 0 − 1 = − 1 (−1) = 1 − 2021
−1 −3 i 5 1 0
0 6i 1 (a) (b)
2021 1 −2021i 1
Since, | A | ≠ 0, so A −1
exists. 89 If 4 3i −1 = x + iy, then 5
0 0 −1 0 0 −1
20 3 i 1 0 1 −2021i
(d) Now, A 2 = 0 −1 0 0 −1 0 (c) d(c)
[AIEEE 2002] 2021i 1 0 1
−1 0 0 −1 0 0
(a) x = 3, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 3
1 0 0 Ans. (b)
(c) x = 0, y = 3 (d) x = 0, y = 0
⇒ A 2 = 0 1 0 ∴ A2 =I 1 2 1 −2
Ans. (d)
AA = 5 5 5 5
0 0 1
T
6i − 3i 1 −2 1 2 1
87 If 1, ω ω 2 are the cube roots of Given that, 4 3i −1 = x + iy 5 5
5 5
20 3 i 1 0
1 ω n ω2n AAT = =I
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 2 0 1
unity, then ∆ = ω n ω 2 n 1 is
6i + 4 0 0 Now, Q 2 = AT BAAT BA
ω2n 1 ωn ⇒ Q 2 = AT B 2 A
⇒ 4 3i −1 = x + iy
equal to [AIEEE 2003] 20 3 i Again, Q 3 = (AT BA) (AT B 2 A) = AT B 3 A
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ω (d) ω2 Similarly,
3i −1
⇒ (6i + 4) = x + iy Q 2021 = AT B 2021 A
Ans. (a) 3 i
1 ω n
ω 2n
AQ A = A (AT B 2021 A) AT
2021 T
Given that, ∆ = ωn ω2 n 1 ⇒ (6i + 4) (3i 2 + 3) = x + iy = (AAT ) B 2021 (AAT ) = B 2021
⇒ 0 + 0i = x + iy 1 0
ω2 n 1 ωn B=
∴ x = 0 and y = 0 i 1
= 1 (ω3 n − 1) − ωn (ω2 n − ω2 n ) + ω2 n (ωn − ω4 n )
1 0 1 0
= 1 (1 − 1) − 0 + ω2 n (ωn − ωn ) [Qω3 = 1] B2 = , similarly B 2021 =
90 If ω(≠ 1) is a cubic root of unity, then 2i 1 2021 i 1
=0
88 If l , m and n are the pth, qth and rth 1 1 + i + ω2 ω2 adj(B 2021 ) 1 0
(B 2021 ) −1 = =
1− i −1 ω 2 − 1 is equal to | B 2021 | −2021 i 1
terms of a GP and all positive, then
log l p 1 − i −1 + ω − i −1
92 Let A be a 3 × 3 real matrix.
log m q 1 is equal to [AIEEE 2002]
If det(2Adj(2 Adj(Adj(2A)))) = 2 41 ,
log n r 1 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) i (d) ω
then the value of det(A2 ) equal
[AIEEE 2002] Ans. (a) [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II]
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 Ans. (4)
1 1+ i + ω 2
ω 2
Ans. (d) Let ∆ = 1 − i −1 ω2 − 1 We have, A is a square matrix of3 × 3.
Since,l , m and n are the pth, qth and rth −i −1 + ω − i −1 Now, 2Adj(2Adj (Adj (2A)))
terms of a GP whose first term is A and = 2Adj (2Adj(23 − 1 adjA))
Applying R 1 → R 1 + R 3 , we get
common ratio is R. [Q adj(KA) = K n − 1 adj A]
∴ l = AR p − 1 1 −i −1 ω2 − 1 = 2Adj(2Adj (4Adj A))
= 1 −i −1 ω2 − 1 [Q ω + ω2 = −1] = 2Adj(2 × 43 − 1 Adj Adj A)
⇒ log l = log A + (p − 1) log R
−i −1 + ω − i −1 = 2Adj(32 Adj Adj A)
Similarly, log m = log A + (q − 1) log R
and log n = log A + (r − 1) log R =0 [since, two rows are identical] = 2 × 323 − 1 Adj Adj Adj A
= 211 Adj Adj Adj A
= 211 Adj(| A |3 − 2 A) determinant of the matrix A3 + B3 is 4 3
=
= 2 Adj(| A | A)
11 equal to [2021, 27 July Shift-II] 0 1
= 211 × | A |3 − 1 Adj A (a) 2 (b) 4 2 3 2 4 3
A= , A = 0 1
= 211 × | A |2 AdjA
(c) 1 (d) 0 0 − 1
Ans. (d) A3 = A2 ⋅ A
Now, | 2Adj(2 Adj(Adj(2A)))| = 241
⇒ | 211 × | A |2 Adj A | = 241 Let C = A − B , |C | ≠ 0
2 2
4 3 2 3
=
11 ) 3
⇒ (2 ( | A |2 ) 3 | Adj A | = 241 (QC is invertible matrix, |C | ≠ 0) 0 1 0 − 1
Now, A5 = B 5 …(i) 8 9
⇒ 233 | A |6 | A |3 − 1 = 241 =
and A B = A2 B 3
3 2
…(ii)
⇒ | A |6 × | A |2 = 28 0 − 1
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
⇒ | A |8 = 28 A4 = A3 ⋅ A
A5 − A3B 2 = B 5 − A2 B 3
⇒ |A|=±2 8 9 2 3
⇒ A (A 2 − B 2 ) = B 3 (B 2 − A 2 )
3
=
Now, | A 2 | = | A |2 = (± 2) 2 = 4
⇒ A (A 2 − B 2 ) + B 3 (A 2 − B 2 ) = 0
3 0 − 1 0 − 1
16 15
1 2 ⇒ (A 3 + B 3 ) (A 2 − B 2 ) = 0 =
93 Let A = . If Multiplying inverse of (A 2 − B 2 ) on both 0 1
−1 4 sides 2n 2n − (− 1) n
A −1 = αI + βA, α, β ∈R, I is a 2 × 2 An =
A3 + B 3 = 0
0 (− 1) n
identity matrix, then 4(α − β) is
equal to 95 Let A = {a ij } be a 3 × 3 matrix, where 210 210 − 1
[2021, 27 July Shift-I] A 10 =
(a) 5 (b) 8/3 (c) 2 (d) 4 (−1) j − i if i < j 0 1
Ans. (d) 2A =
4 6
a ij = 2 if i = j
1 2
(−1) i + j if i > j 0 − 2
A =
− 1 4 adj (2A) =
− 2 − 6
−1
A = αI + βA, α, β∈R then det [3Adj (2A −1 )] is equal to 0 4
adj A [2021, 20 July Shift-II] 1 3
A− 1 = adj (2A) = − 2
|A| Ans. (108) 0 − 2
a b d − b 2 −1 1 a b
If X= adjX = − c Qx = c d
c d a Given, A = − 1 2 − 1
1 − 1 2 d − b
4 − 2 adj ( x) =
Similarly, adj A = − c a
Now, | A | = 2(4 − 1) + 1 (− 2 + 1) + 1(1 − 2)
1 1
=6− 1− 1=4 1 3 1 3
| A | = 4 − (− 2) = 6 [adj (2A)] 2 = 4
Then, | 3 adj(2A − 1 ) | = 33 | adj(2 A − 1 ) | 0 − 2 0 − 2
1 4 − 2 = 27 | (2A − 1 ) |2 1 − 3
∴ A− 1 = =4
6 1 1 = 27 | 2A − 1 | ⋅ | 2A − 1 | 0 4
Now, A − 1 = αI + βA = 27 ⋅ 23 | A − 1 | ⋅ 23 | A − 1 | 1 − 3 1 3
= 27 ⋅26 | A − 1 |2 [adj (2A)] 3 = 4 × (− 2)
α 0 β 2β 0 4 0 − 2
= + 1
0 α − β 4β = 27 ⋅ 26 ⋅ 1 9
| A |2 = − 8
α + β 2β 0 − 8
= 1
− β α + 4β = 27 ⋅ 26 ⋅ 2
1 (− 1) n [2n − (− 1) n ]
4 [adj (2A)] n = (− 2) n
2 1 (− 1) n 2n
2β 3 − 3 = 108 0
α + β
− β α + 4β = 1 1 2 3 10 1 − (210 − 1)
[adj (2A)] = 2
10
6 6 96 If A = , then the value of 0 210
1 2 0 −1
∴ β=− ⇒α+β= Now, A 10 − [adj (2A)] 10
6 3 det (A 4 ) + det[A 10 − (Adj (2A)) 10 ] is
equal to ……… . 210 210 − 1 210 − (220 − 210 )
⇒
4 1 5
α= + = = −
6 6 6 [2021, 17 March Shift-I] 0 1 0 220
5 1 Ans. (16)
∴ 4(α − β) = 4 + = 4 0 2⋅210 − 220 − 1
6 6 2 3 =
If A = 0 1 − 220
0 − 1
94 Let A and B be two 3 × 3 real det| A 10 − adj(2 A) 10 | = 0
det(A 4 ) + det[A 10 − [Adj (2A)] 10 ]
matrices such that (A2 − B2 ) is ∴ det(A 4 ) + det[A 10 − adj (2A) 10 ]
invertible matrix. If A 5 = B 5 and 2 3 2 3
A⋅ A = = (−21) 4 + 0 = 16
A3 B2 = A2 B3 , then the value of the 0 − 1 0 − 1
97 Let θ Ans. (17)
0 − tan 3 − 1 − 2
−30 20 56 2
98 If A = and Given, P = 2 0 α
θ
P = 90 140 112 and tan 0
3 − 5 0
120 60 14 2
a − b 3 − 1 −2
2 7 ω2 (I2 + A) (I2 − A) −1 = , then
b a ⇒ |P|= 2 0 α = (20 + 12α)
A = −1 −ω 1 13 (a 2 + b2 ) is equal to ………… . 3 −5 0
0 −ω −ω +1 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I]
According to the question,
Ans. (13) PQ = kI 3 ⇒Q = kP − 1I 3
−1 + i 3
where, ω = , and I3 be the θ
− tan Now, Q =
k
(adj P) I 3
2 0 2 |P|
A=
tan θ
identity matrix of order 3. If the 5α − 10 −α
0
determinant of the matrix 2 =
k 3α − 6 − 3α − 4
(P −1 AP − I3 ) 2 is αω 2 , then the value a − b (20 + 12α)
and (I 2 + A) (I 2 − A) − 1 = − 10 12 − 2
of α is equal to……… . b a 1 0 0
[2021, 16 March Shift-I] 0 1 0
Ans. (36) ⇒ | (I 2 + A) (I 2 − A) − 1 | = a 2 + b 2
| I2 + A | 0 0 1
− 30 20 56 ⇒ a2 + b2 = … (i) k
Given, P = 90 140 112 | I2 − A | Q q 23 = −
8
120 60 14 Now, k k
θ ∴ (− 3α − 4) = −
2 ω2 0 − tan (20 + 12α) 8
7 1 0 2
I2 + A = +
A = − 1 − ω 1 ⇒ 2(3α + 4) = 5 + 3α
0 1 tan θ 0
0 − ω − ω + 1 2 ⇒ 3α = − 3
⇒ α=−1
| (P − 1 AP − I 3 ) |2 = α ω2 θ
1 − tan k3 | I |
⇒ | (P − 1 AP − I 3 ) (P − 1 AP − I 3 ) | = αω2 2 Also, | Q | =
= |P|
⇒ | P − 1 AP P − 1 AP − P − 1 API 3 tan θ 1
− I 3 P − 1 AP + I 3 ⋅I 3 | = αω2 2 k2 k3
⇒ =
⇒ | P − 1 A 2 P − P − 1 AP − P − 1 AP + I 3 | = αω2 2 20 + 12α
θ
1 tan
[QPP − 1 = I and IA = A] 2 ⇒ 20 + 12α = 2k
Similarly, I 2 − A =
⇒ | P − 1 A 2 P − 2P − 1 AP + PP − 1 | = αω2 − tan θ 1
⇒ 2k = 20 − 12 [Qα = − 1]
⇒ | P − 1 (A 2 − 2A + I 3 ) P | = αω2 2 ⇒ 2k = 8
⇒ | P − 1 | | A − I 3 |2 | P | = αω2 θ k =4
Here, | I 2 + A | = | I 2 − A | = 1 + tan2 ∴Required value of k 2 + α 2 = 42 + (− 1) 2
⇒ | P − 1 P | | A − I 3 | 2 = αω2 2
⇒ | A − I 3 |2 = αω2 = 17
| I2 + A |
⇒ =1 … (ii)
2 7 ω2 1 0 0 | I2 − A | 100 Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that
| A − I3 | = − 1 − ω 1 − 0 1 0 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 2 −1 1
adjA = −1 0 2 and
0 − ω − ω + 1 0 0 1 a2 + b2 = 1
1 7 ω2 Now, 13(a 2 + b 2 ) = 13 × 1 = 13 1 −2 −1
= − 1 −ω− 1 1
3 − 1 − 2 B = adj (adj A)
99 Let P = 2 0 α , where α ∈R.
0 −ω −ω If | A| = λ and | (B −1 ) T | = µ, then the
On applyingC 2 → C 2 − C 3 , we get ordered pair, (| λ |, µ) is equal to
3 − 5 0
1 7 − ω2 ω2 [2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
| A − I3 | = − 1 − ω − 2 1 Suppose Q = [q ij ] is a matrix (a) (3, 81)
1
(b) 9,
81
0 0 −ω satisfying PQ = kI3 for some
k 1 1
= −ω [(−ω − 2) − (− 7 +ω 2 )] non-zero k ∈R. If q 23 = − and (c) 9, (d) 3,
8 9 81
= −ω (−ω − 2 + 7 −ω 2 )
k2 Ans. (d)
= − ω (1 − 2 + 7) = − 6 ω | Q | = , then α + k is equal to
2 2
2 −1 1
| A − I3 | = − 6 ω
2 It is given that,adj(A) = −1 0 2
......... . [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I]
| A − I 3 |2 = 36ω2 = αω2 1 −2 −1
∴ α = 36
⇒ |adj A | = 2(0 + 4) + 1(1 − 2) + 1(2) = 9 Q | KA | = K n | A |, whereK is a scalar and n 5 2α 1
Q |adj A | = | A |3 − 1 is the order of square matrix A.
| adj B | | A |4 | A |3
104 If B = 0 2 1 is the inverse of a
⇒ | A |2 = |adj A | ⇒| A | = ± 3 ⇒ | λ | = 3 ∴ = =
Q B = adj (adj A) |C | 27 | A | 27 α 3 −1
⇒ | B | = | A | (3 − 1 ) = | A |4 = 81 3 × 3 matrix A, then the sum of all
2
1 1 2
Q | ( B −1 ) T | = | B −1 | =
1
=
1 Q |A|= 1 3 4 values of α for which det (A) + 1 = 0, is
| B | 81 1 −1 3
1
⇒ µ= [2019, 12 April Shift-I]
81 = 1 (9 + 4) − 1 (3 − 4) + 2 (− 1 − 3)
(a) 0 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
1 = 13 + 1 − 8 = 6
∴ (| λ |, µ ) is 3, Ans. (c)
81 | adj B | | A |3 63
So, = = = 23 = 8
|C | 27 27 Given matrix B is the inverse matrix of
Hence, option (d) is correct. 3 × 3 matrix A,
Hence, option (c) is correct. 5 2α 1
2 2 1 0
101 If A = and I = , then 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n − 1 where B = 0 2 1
9 4 0 1 103 If . . ...
10A − 1 is equal to 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 α 3 − 1
1
(a) 6I − A (b) A − 6I (c) 4I − A (d) A − 4I 1 78 1 n We know that, det(A) =
= , then the inverse of det(B)
[2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
0 1 0 1
Qdet(A − 1 ) =
1
Ans. (b) det(A)
2 2 is [2019, 9 April Shift-I]
Given matrix A = Since, det(A) + 1 = 0 (given)
9 4 1 0 1 −13
(a) (b) 1
QCharacteristic equation of matrix A
12 1 0 1 + 1 = 0 ⇒ det(B) = − 1
det(B)
2− λ 2 1 0 1 −12
| A − λI | = 0 ⇒ =0 (c) (d) ⇒ 5(− 2 − 3) − 2α (0 −α )+ 1 (0− 2α) = − 1
9 4− λ 13 1 0 1
(2 −λ )(4 −λ ) − 18 = 0 ⇒ − 25 + 2α 2 − 2α = − 1 ⇒
λ2 − 6λ − 10 = 0 Ans. (b) 2α 2 − 2α − 24 = 0
Each square matrix satisfies the Given, ⇒ α 2 − α − 12 = 0 ⇒
characteristic eq. 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n − 1 1 78 (α − 4) (α + 3) = 0
... =
⇒ A 2 − 6A − 10I = 0
0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ⇒ α = − 3, 4
On multiplying both sides by A −1 , we get 1 1 1 2 1 2 + 1 So, required sum of all values ofα is
Q 0 = ,
AI − 6I − 10 A −1 = 0 1 0 1 0 1 4−3= 1
−1
(QAA = I) 1 2 + 1 1 3 1 3 + 2 + 1 cosθ − sinθ
⇒ 10 A −1 = A − 6I = , 105 If A = , then the
0
1 0 1 0 1 sinθ cosθ
Hence, option (b) is correct.
: : : π
matrix A −50 when θ = , is equal to
102 If the matrices : : : 12
1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n − 1 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
∴ 0 1 0 1 0 1 ... 0
A = 1 3 4, B = adj A and C = 3A, 1 1 3 3 1
−
2
1 −1 3 1 (n − 1) + (n − 2) + ...+3 + 2 + 1 (a) 2 (b) 2 2
= − 3 1 1 3
| adj B| 0 1
2 2 2 2
then is equal to 1 n (n − 1)
| C| 1 78
= 2 = 3 1 3
0 1
1
0 1 −
2 2
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) 16 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 72 (c) 2 (d) 2
Ans. (c)
Since, both matrices are equal, so − 1 3 3 1
equating corresponding element, we get 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 n(n − 1)
= 78 ⇒ n(n − 1) = 156 Ans. (c)
Given matrices A = 1 3 4 B = adj (A) 2
= 13 × 12 = 13(13 − 1) cosθ − sinθ
1 − 1 3 We have, A =
⇒ n = 13 sinθ cosθ
and C =3A
1 13 1 −13
So, A = −1
∴ | A | = cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1
Now, | adj(B) | = | adj (adj(A)) | [QB = adj(A)] = A = 0 1
0 1 cosθ sinθ
and | adj(adj(A)) | = | A | (n − 1 ) , where n is
2
a b and adj A =
the order of square matrix A. [Qif | A | = 1 and A = , then − sinθ cosθ
∴ | adj(adj(A)) | = | A | (3 − 1 ) = | A |4
2
c d
a b d − b
d −b [QIf A =
| C | = | 3A | = 33 | A | = 27 | A | A −1 = , then adj A = − c a
]
and c d
−c a
cosθ sinθ −1 adj A Ans. (b) 51 84 72 − 63
⇒ A −1 = QA = (c) (d)
|A|= 63 72 − 84 51
− sinθ cosθ |A|
et e − t cos t e − t sint Ans. (b)
Note that, A −50 = (A −1 ) 50 −t −t −t
et
−e cos t − e sin t −e sint + e − t cos t 2 − 3
Now, A −2 = (A −1 )(A −1 ) We have, A =
et 2e − t sin t − 2e − t cos t − 4 1
cosθ sinθ cosθ sinθ
⇒ A −2 = 2 − 3 2 − 3
− sinθ cosθ − sinθ cosθ 1
cos t sint ∴ A2 = A⋅ A =
cos2 θ − sin2 θ cosθ sinθ + sinθ cosθ= (e t ) (e − t ) (e − t ) 1 − cos t − sin t − 4 1 − 4 1
= − sin t + cos t
− cosθ sinθ − cosθ sinθ − sin2 θ + cos2 θ − 2 cos t 4 + 12 − 6 − 3 16 − 9
1 2 sin t = =
(taking common from each column) − 8 − 4 12 + 1 − 12 13
cos2 θ sin2 θ
= Aplying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , Now,
− sin2 θ cos2 θ we get 16 − 9 2 − 3
3A 2 + 12A = 3 + 12 − 4 1
Also, A −3 = (A −2 )(A −1 ) 1 cos t sin t − 12 13
= e − t 0 − 2 cos t − sint − 2 sin t + cos t
cos2θ sin2θ cosθ sinθ 48 − 27 24 − 36
A −3 = 2 sint − cos t − 2 cost − sin t = +
0
− 36 39 − 48 12
− sin2θ cos2θ − sinθ cosθ
[Q e t − t = e 0 = 1] 72 − 63
cos3θ sin3θ = e − t ((2 cos t + sin t) 2 + (2 sin t − cos t) 2 ) =
=
− sin3θ cos3θ (expanding along column 1) − 84 51
= e − t (5 cos2 t + 5 sin2 t) 51 63
cos 50 θ sin 50 θ ∴ adj (3A 2 + 12A) =
Similarly, A −50 = = 5e − t (Qcos2 t + sin2 t = 1)
84 72
− sin 50 θ cos 50 θ ⇒ | A | = 5e − t ≠ 0 for all t ∈ R
∴ A is invertible for allt ∈ R. 5a − b
25 25 109 If A = and A adj A = AA ,
T
cos 6 π sin 6 π [Qif | A | ≠ 0, then A is invertible] 3 2
=
25 25
− sin π cos π 107 Let A and B be two invertible then 5a + b is equal to
6 6 [JEE Main 2016]
matrices of order 3 × 3. If
π (a) − 1 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 13
whenθ = det(ABAT ) = 8 and det(AB − 1 ) = 8,
12 Ans. (b)
then det(BA − 1BT ) is equal to
cos π π [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-II] 5a − b
sin Given, A = and A adj A = AAT
= 6 6 1 1 3 2
π π (a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 16
− sin cos 4 16 Clearly, A (adj A) = A I 2
6 6
Ans. (c) [Q if A is square matrix of order n, then
25 π π π A (adj A) = (adj A) ⋅ A = A I n ]
Qcos 6 = cos 4 π + 6 = cos 6 Given, | ABAT | = 8
⇒ | A | | B | | AT | = 8 [Q| XY | = | X | |Y |] 5a − b
= I 2 = (10a + 3b) I 2
and sin 25 π = sin 4 π + π = sin π ∴ | A |2 | B | = 8 3 2
…(i)
6 6 6 1 0
[Q| AT | = | A |] = (10a + 3b)
3 1
Also, we have | AB −1 | = 8 ⇒| A | | B −1 | = 8 0 1
= 2 2 |A| 10a + 3b 0
⇒ =8 …(ii) = ...(i)
−1 3 |B | 1 0 10 + 3
2 Q| A −1 | = | A |−1 = a b
2 | A | 5a − b 5a 3
and AAT =
e t e − t cost On multiplying Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
3 2 − b 2
t | A |3 = 8⋅ 8 = 43 ⇒| A | = 4
106 If A = e − e cost − e − t sint
−t
|A| 4 1 =
25a + b 2 15a − 2b
2
...(ii)
⇒ |B | = = =
e t 2e − t sint 8 8 2 15a − 2b 13
1 Q A (adj A) = AAT
e − t sint Now, | BA −1 BT | = | B | | B |
| A|
−t −t
− e sint + e cost 1 1 1 1 10a + 3b 0
= = ∴
−2e − t cost 2 4 2 16 0 10a + 3b
2 −3 25a 2 + b 2 15a − 2b
108 If A = =
, then adj (3A + 12A)
2
then A is [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II]
(a) invertible only when t = π − 4 1 15a − 2b 13
is equal to [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
(b) invertible for every t ∈ R [JEE Main 2016]
(c) not invertible for any t ∈ R 72 − 84 51 63 ⇒ 15a − 2b = 0
(a) (b) 2b
π − 63 51 84 72 ⇒ a= ...(iii)
(d) invertible only when t = 15
2
and 10a + 3b = 13 ...(iv)
On substituting the value of ‘a’ from This satisfies Eq. (iii) ⇒ (A −1 A) A − (A −1 A) + A −1 = O
Eq. (iii) in Eq. (iv), we get Hence, (a, b) ≡ (−2, − 1) ⇒ A − I + A −1 = O
10 ⋅ + 3b = 13
2b ⇒ A −1 = I − A
15 1 α 3
1 −1 1
⇒
20b + 45b
= 13 111 If P 1 3 3 is the adjoint of a
15 114 Let A = 2 1 −3 and 10
65b
2 4 4
⇒ = 13 ⇒ b = 3 1 1 1
15 3 × 3 matrix A and | A | = 4 , then α is
equal to [JEE Main 2013] 4 2 2
Now, substituting the value ofb in Eq. (iii),
we get 5a = 2 (a) 4 (b) 11 B = −5 0 α
Hence, 5a + b = 2 + 3 = 5 (c) 5 (d) 0 1 −2 3
Ans. (b)
1 2 2 If B is the inverse of matrix A,then
110 If A = 2 1 −2 is a matrix
If A is matrix of order n , then
|adj A | = | A |n − 1 . α is equal to [AIEEE 2004]
a 2 b 1 α 3 (a) –2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 5
satisfying the equation AAT = 9I, Given, P = 1 3 3
Ans. (d)
where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then 2 4 4
Since, B is the inverse of matrix A, i.e.,
the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to ∴ | P | = 1(12 − 12) − α (4 − 6) + 3 (4 − 6) B = A −1 .
(a) (2, − 1) (b) (−2, 1) = 2α − 6 4 2 2
(c) (2, 1) (d) (−2, − 1) Q P = adj (A) [given] ∴ 10 A −1 = −5 0 α
[JEE Main 2015]
∴ | P | = |adj A | 1 −2 3
Ans. (d)
= | A |2 = 16 4 2 2
1 2 2 1 2 a ⇒ 2α − 6 = 16 ⇒ 2α = 22 ⇒ 10 A −1 A = − 5 0 α A
Given, A = 2 1 −2 AT = 2 1 2 ∴ α = 11
1 − 2 3
a 2 b 2 −2 b
1 2 2 1 2 a 112 Let A be 2 × 2 matrix. 4 2 2 1 −1 1
AAT = 2 1 −2 2 1 2 ⇒ 10I = − 5 0 α 2 1 − 3
Statement I adj (adj A) = A
a 2 b 2 −2 1 − 2 3 1 1 1
b Statement II | adj A| = A
[AIEEE 2009] [QA −1 A = I]
10 0 0
9 0 a + 4 + 2b (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is
⇒ 0 10 0
= 0 9 2a + 2 − 2b true
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is 0 0 10
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b
2 2
true; Statement II is a correct 10 0 0
It is given that explanation of Statement I
= − 5 + α 5 + α −5 + α
AAT = 9I (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is
9 0 a + 4 + 2b true; Statement II is not a correct 0 0 10
⇒ 0 9 2a + 2 − 2b explanation of Statement I
⇒ −5 + α = 0 and 5 + α = 10
(d) Statement I is true, Statement II is
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b ⇒ α=5
2 2
false
10 0
Ans. (c)
= 9 0 1 0
|adj A | = | A |n − 1 = | A |2 − 1 = | A | TOPIC 4
0 1
0
adj (adj A) = | A |n − 2 A = | A | 0 A = A
9 0 a + 4 + 2b
Hence, both the statements are true but
Solutions of System
0 9 2a + 2 − 2b Statement II is not a correct explanation of Linear Equations
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b of Statement I.
2 2
9 0 0 113 If A2 − A + I = O, then the inverse of 115 Consider the system of linear
= 0 9 0 equations
A is [AIEEE 2005]
0 0 9 − x + y + 2z =0
(a) I − A 3 x − ay + 5 z = 1
On comparing, we get (b) A − I 2 x − 2 y − az = 7
a + 4 + 2b = 0 ⇒ a + 2b = − 4 …(i) (c) A
Let S 1 be the set of all a ∈R for
2a + 2 − 2b = 0 ⇒ a − b = − 1 …(ii) (d) A + I
which the system is inconsistent
and a2 + 4 + b2 = 9 …(iii) Ans. (a)
and S2 be the set of all a ∈R for
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Q A2 − A + I = O
which the system has infinitely
a = −2, b = − 1 ⇒ A −1 A 2 − A −1 A + A −1I = O
many solutions. If n (S 1 ) and
n (S2 ) denote the number of 1 − 3a = 0 ⇒7 − 3b ≠ 0 ⇒ 2(−β + 3) − 1 (β + 3) − 1(3 + 3) = 0
1 7 ⇒ β=−1
elements in S 1 and S2 a = ,b ≠
respectively, then
3 3 3 1 −1
∆ 1 = α − 1 −1 = 0
[2021, 01 Sep. Shift-II]
117 If α + β + γ = 2π, then the system of
(a) n(S 1 ) = 2 and n(S 2 ) = 2 3 3 −1
equations
(b) n(S 1 ) = 1 and n(S 2 ) = 0 ⇒ 3(1 + 3) − 1(−α + 3) − 1(3α + 3) = 0
x + (cos γ ) y + (cosβ) z = 0
(c) n(S 1 ) = 2 and n(S 2 ) = 0 ⇒ 12 + α − 3 − 3α − 3 = 0
(c) n (S 1 ) = 0 and n (S 2 ) = 2 (cos γ ) x + y + (cos α) z = 0
⇒ α=3
Ans. (c) (cos β) x + (cos α) y + z = 0 Also,
For in consistent system of equations has: [2021, 31 Aug. Shift-II] 2 3 −1
[∆ = 0 and atleast one is (a) no solution ∆2 = 1 α − 1 = 0
non-zero in ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 and ∆ 3 ] (b) infinitely many solution 3 3 −1
−1 1 2 (c) exactly two solutions ⇒2(−α + 3) − 3(− 1 + 3) − 1( 3 − 3α ) = 0
∆= 3 −a 5 =0 (d) a unique solution ⇒ α=3
2 −2 −a Ans. (b) 2 1 3
⇒ a 2 − 7a + 12 = 0 ⇒ a = 3, 4 Given α + β + γ = 2 π and ∆ 3 = 1 − 1 α = 0
1 cos γ cos β 3 3 3
0 1 2
∆ = cos γ 1 cos α
∆ x = 1 − a 5 = 15a + 31 ⇒2(− 3 − 3α) − 1 (3 − 3α) + 3(3 + 3) = 0
cos β cos α 1
7 −2 −a ⇒ − 3α + 9 = 0
= 1 − cos2 α − cos γ (cos γ − cos α cos β) ⇒ α =3
∆ x ≠ 0 for a = 3, 4 + cos β (cos α cos γ − cos β)
⇒ n(S 1 ) = 2 ∴ α = 3, β = − 1
= 1 − cos2 α − cos2 β − cos2 γ
Now, for infinitely many solutions. So, α + β − αβ = 3 − 1 − 3(− 1 )
+2cosα cos β cos γ
If ∆ = 0 also ∆ x = ∆ y = ∆ z = 0 =5
= sin2 α − cos2 β
Which is not possible for any real value − cos γ (cos γ − 2 cos α cos β) 119 Let λ be the greatest integer less
of a = − cos (α + β) cos (α − β) − cos γ
⇒ n(S 2 ) = 0 (cos (2 π − (α + β)) − 2 cos α cos β) than or equal to λ. The set of all
= − cos (2π − γ) cos (α − β) − cos γ values of λ for which the system of
116 If the following system of linear
equations (cos (α + β) − 2 cos α cos β) linear equations x + y + z = 4,
= − cos γ cos (α − β) + cos γ 3x + 2y + 5z = 3,
2x + y + z = 5, x − y + z = 3 and (cos α cos β + sin α sin β)
x + y + az = b 9x + 4y + (28 + λ ) z = λ has a
= − cos γ cos (α − β) + cos γ cos (α − β)
has no solution, then solution is [2021, 27 Aug. Shift-II]
=0
[2021, 31 Aug. Shift-I] (a) R
So, the system of equation has infinitely
1 7 many solutions. (b) (− ∞ ,− 9) ∪ (− 9, ∞)
(a) a = − and b ≠
3 3 (c) [− 9, − 8)
1 7 118 If the system of linear equations (c) (− ∞, − 9) ∪ [− 8, ∞)
(b) a ≠ and b =
3 3 2x + y − z = 3 Ans. (a)
1 7
(c) a ≠ − and b = x − y − z =α Given, system of equations
3 3 x + y + z =4
1 7 3x + 3y + βz = 3
(d) a = and b ≠ 3x + 2y + 5z = 3
3 3 has infinitely many solution, then
9x + 4y + (28 + | λ |) z = | λ |
Ans. (d) α + β − αβ is equal to
[2021, 27 Aug. Shift-I] 1 1 1
2 1 1
∆ = 1 −1 1 = 2(− a − 1) − 1 (a − 1 ) + (1 + 1) Ans. (5) ∆=3 2 5
1 1 a Given, system of equation 9 4 28 + | λ |
2x + y − z = 3
= 1 − 3a = 1 (56 + 2| λ | − 20) − 1 (84 + 3 | λ | − 45) + 1 (− 6)
x − y − z =α = − (| λ | + 9)
2 1 5
3x + 3y + β z = 3 If ∆ ≠ 0 i.e | λ | + 9 ≠ 0, then system of
∆ 3 = 1 −1 3 = 2(− b − 3) − 1
has infinitely many solutions, equation has unique solution.
1 1 b if ∆ = 0, ∆ 1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0 If | λ | + 9 = 0, then
(b − 3) + 5(1 + 1 ) = 7 – 3b 2 1 −1 ∆ 1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = 0,
∆ Now, ∆ = 1 − 1 − 1 =0 the system of equation has infinite
Now, z = 3
∆ 3 3 β solution.
If ∆ = 0 and ∆ 3 ≠ 0, then no solution ⇒ λ ∈R n (S2 )
⇒ β=7
[2021, 26 Aug. Shift-II] ∴ α + β = −2+ 7 = 5
π
120 Let θ ∈ 0, . If the system of linear (a) p =
1
and q =
1
123 The values of a and b, for which the
2 6 36
5 5 system of equations
equations (b) p = and q =
6 36 2x + 3y + 6z = 8, x + 2y + az = 5
(1 + cos2 θ) x + sin2 θy + 4 sin3θz = 0
5
(c) p = and q =
1 3x + 5y + 9z = b has no solution, are
cos2 θx + (1 + sin2 θ) y + 4 sin3θz = 0 6 36 [2021, 25 July Shift-I]
cos2 θx + sin2 θ y + (1 + 4 sin3θ) z = 0 1 5 (a) a = 3, b ≠ 13
(d) p = and q =
has a non-trivial solution, then the 6 36 (b) a ≠ 3, b ≠ 13
value of θ is [2021, 26 Aug. Shift-I] Ans. (b) (c) a ≠ 3, b = 3
4π 7π x+ y+ z = 5 (d) a = 3, b = 13
(a) (b)
9 18 x + 2y + 3z = µ Ans. (a)
π 5π
(c) (d) x + 3y + λ z = 1 For no solution, ∆ = 0 and atleast one
18 18 1 1 1 among ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 , ∆ 3 ≠ 0.
Ans. (b) ∆= 1 2 3 2 3 6
For non-trival solution ∆ = 0 1 3 λ ∆= 1 2 a
1 + cos2 θ sin2 θ 4 sin3θ = (2λ − 9) + (3 − λ) + (3 − 2) = λ − 5 3 5 9
⇒ cos θ
2
1 + sin2 θ 4 sin3θ = 0 For unique solution ∆ ≠ 0 = 2(18 − 5a) − 3(3a − 9) + 6(5 − 6)
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4 sin3θ ⇒ λ≠5 = 3 −a
And ∆ 1 or ∆ 2 or ∆ 3 ≠ 0 2 3 8
Applying R 1 → R 1 − R 3 , we get
1 1 5
1 0 −1 ∆3 = 1 2 5
∆ 3 = 1 2 µ = (2 − 3µ ) + (µ − 1) + 5 = 6 − 2µ
cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4 sin3θ = 0 3 5 b
1 3 1
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4 sin3θ = 2(2b − 25) − 3(b − 15) + 8(5 − 6)= b − 13
If ∆ 3 ≠ 3 and ∆ = 0, then no solution ∴ a = 3,b ≠ 13
ApplyingC 3 → C 1 + C 3 , we get
µ ≠ 3 and λ = 5
1 0 0 5 124 The values of λ and µ such that the
p = Probability of unique solution =
cos2 θ 1 + sin2 θ 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ 6 system of equations x + y + z = 6,
cos2 θ sin2 θ 1 + 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ q = Probability of no solution =
5 1 5
. = 3x + 5y + 5z = 26, x + 2y + λz = µ has
=0 6 6 36 no solution, are
⇒ (1 + sin2 θ) (1 + 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ) 122 For real numbers α and β, consider [2021, 22 July Shift-II]
− sin2 θ(4 sin3θ + cos2 θ) = 0 the following system of linear (a) λ = 3, µ = 5
⇒ 1 + 4 sin3 θ + cos2 θ + sin2 θ equations x + y − z = 2, (b) λ = 3, µ ≠ 10
+ 4 sin2 θ sin 3θ + sin2 θ cos2 θ x + 2y + αz = 1, 2x − y + z = β. (c) λ ≠ 2, µ = 10
− 4 sin2 θ sin 3θ − sin2 θ cos2 θ = 0 If the system has infinite (d) λ = 2, µ ≠ 10
⇒ 1 + 4 sin3θ + cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 0 solutions, then α + β is equal to Ans. (d)
⇒ 1 + 4 sin3 θ + 1 = 0 ……………… . [2021, 27 July Shift-I] x + y + z =6 …(i)
⇒ 4 sin 3θ + 2 = 0 Ans. (5) 3x + 5y + 5z = 26 …(ii)
−1
⇒ sin3θ = x + y − z =2 x + 2y + λz = µ …(iii)
2
x + 2y + αz = 1 ⇒ 2x − y + z = β Multiply Eq. (i) by 3 and then subtracting
π
⇒
3θ = π + It has infinite solutions, when
Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
6 (3x + 5y + 5z) − 3(x + y + z) = 26 − 3⋅6
7π ∆1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3 = ∆ = 0
⇒ θ= 1 1 −1 2y + 2z = 8
18
⇒ y + z =4 ⇒ x =2
1 2 α =0
Now, 2 + 2y + λz = µ
121 Two fair dice are thrown. The 2 −1 1
⇒ 2y + λz = µ − 2
numbers on them are taken as λ
⇒ (2 +α) + (2α − 1) − (− 1 − 4) = 0 ⇒ 2y + λ (4 − y) = µ − 2 [Qy + z = 4]
and µ, and a system of linear
⇒ 3α + 6 = 0 ⇒ y(2 − λ) + 4λ = µ − 2
equations x + y + z = 5,
∴ α = −2 µ − 2 − 4λ
x + 2y + 3 z = µ and x + 3y + λ z = 1 ⇒ y=
1 1 2 2−λ
is constructe(c) If p is the ⇒ ∆3 = 0 ⇒ 1 2 1 = 0 µ − 2 − 4λ
∴ z = 4 − y = 4−
probability that the system has a 2 −1 β 2− λ
unique solution and q is the 8 − 4 λ − µ + 2 + 4λ
⇒ 2β + 1 + 2 − β − 10 = 0 =
probability that the system has 2−λ
no solution, then ⇒ β − 7 =0
10 −µ µ − 2 − 4λ α β γ kx + y + z = 1
z= and y =
2−λ 2−λ ∴∆ = 0 ⇒ β γ α = 0 x + ky + z = k
For no solution, λ = 2 and µ ≠ 10. γ α β x + y + kz = k 2
⇒α (βγ − α 2 ) − β (β 2 − γα) + γ (αβ − γ 2 ) = 0 For this set of equation to have no
125 The value of k ∈R, for which the solution, ∆ = 0
following system of liner equations (expanding along R 1 )
k 1 1
⇒αβγ − α 3 − β 3 + αβγ + αβγ − γ 3 = 0
3x − y + 4z = 3 1 k 1 = k (k 2 − 1) − 1(k − 1) + (1 − k)
⇒ α 3 + β 3 + γ 3 = 3αβγ
x + 2y − 3z = − 2 1 1 k
Then (using standard result),
6x + 5y + kz = − 3 = k3 − k − k + 1 + 1 − k
Either α + β + γ = 0 or α = β = γ
has infinitely many solutions, is If α + β + γ = 0 , then −a = 0 = k 3 − 3k + 2
[2021, 20 July Shift-II] ⇒ a = 0 which is not possible according Now, ∆ = 0
(a) 3 (b) −5 (c) 5 (d) −3 to given condition. ⇒ k 3 − 3k + 2 = 0
Ans. (b) ∴α + β + γ = 0 (not possible) ⇒ (k − 1) (k 2 + k − 2) = 0
Given system of equation can be written Now, α + β + γ = − a ⇒ (k − 1) (k − 1) (k + 2) = 0
in form AX = B, where A is 3 × 3, X is 3 × 1 ⇒ α + α + α = −a (Qα = β = γ ) ∴k = 1, − 2
and B is 3 × 1 matrix as follows. ⇒ a = − 3α …(i) x + y + z = 1
3 − 1 4 x 3
αβ + βγ + γα = b If k = 1, x + y + z = 1
1 2 − 3 y = − 2
⇒ b = 3α 2 …(ii) x + y + z = 1
6 5 k z − 3 Using Eqs. (i) and (ii), There are same equations and they will
This system of linear equation has a2 have infinite solutions.
=3
infinitely many solutions when | A | = 0 b So, k = − 2
3 −1 4
i.e. 1 2 − 3 = 0
127 Let the system of linear equations 129 Consider the following system of
4x + λy + 2z = 0 equations
6 5 k
2x − y + z = 0 x + 2y − 3z = a
⇒ 3(2k + 15) + (k + 18) + 4(5 − 12) = 0
µx + 2y + 3z = 0, λ , µ ∈R. 2x + 6y − 11z = b
⇒ 6k + 45 + k + 18 + 20 − 48 = 0
⇒ 7 k + (35) = 0 has a non-trivial solution. Then x − 2y + 7 z = c
⇒ 7 k = − 35 which of the following is true ? where, a, b and c are real
∴ k=−5 [2021, 18 March Shift-II] constants. Then, the system of
(a) µ = 6, λ ∈ R equations [2021, 26 Feb. Shift-II]
126 Let α, β, γ be the real roots of the (b) λ = 2, µ ∈R (a) has a unique solution, when
equation, x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0, (c) λ = 3,µ ∈ R 5a = 2b + c
(a, b, c ∈R and a, b ≠ 0). If the system (d) µ = − 6, λ ∈ R
(b) has infinite number of
of equations (in u ,v,w) given by Ans. (a) solutions when 5a = 2b + c
αu + βv + γw = 0, βu + γv + αw = 0; Given, system of linear equations
γu + αv + βw = 0 has non-trivial 4x + λy + 2z = 0
(c) has no solution for all a, b and c
a2 2x − y + z = 0 (d) has a unique solution for all a,
solution, then the value of is
b µx + 2y + 3z = 0
b and c
[2021, 18 March Shift-I] Ans. (b)
For non-trivial solution, ∆ = 0
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0 4 λ 2 Given, system of equation can be written
Ans. (b) as AX =` B, where
2 −1 1 = 0
1 2 −3 x a
Given, α, β, γ are the real roots of µ 2 3
x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0, wherea, b, c ∈ R A = 2 6 −11 , X = y , B = b
and a, b ≠ 0 ⇒ 4 (− 3 − 2) −λ (6 −µ ) + 2(4 +µ ) = 0 1 −2 7 z c
∴α + β + γ = Sum of roots taken one at a ⇒ −λ (6 −µ ) − 2 (6 −µ ) = 0
Then,
time = − a ⇒ (6 − µ) (λ + 2) = 0
1 2 −3
αβ + βγ + γα = Sum of roots taken two at ⇒ λ = − 2 and µ ∈R or µ = 6 and λ ∈R.
a time = b | A| = 2 6 −11
αβγ = Product of roots = −c 128 The system of equations 1 −2 7
kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and
Also, given system of equations in u, v, w = 1(42 − 22) − 2(14 + 11) − 3(−4 − 6)
αu + βv + γw = 0 x + y + zk = k 2 has no solution, if k
= 20 − 50 + 30 = 0
is equal to [2021, 17 March Shift-I]
βu + γ v + αw = 0
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) −2
γu + αv + βw = 0
Ans. (d)
has non-trivial solution.
a 2 −3 3x − y − 2z = 2 3 − 2 10
| A1 | = b 6 −11 − 2x − 2y − 4z = 3 ∆z = 2 − 4 6
c −2 7 For infinitely many solutions, 1 2 5m
∆ = ∆x = ∆y = ∆z = 0
= a (42 − 22) − 2(7b + 11c)−3(−2b − 6c) = 3(− 20 m − 12) + 2(10 m − 6) + 10 (4 + 4)
k 1 2
= 20a − 14b − 22c + 6b + 18c '
Here, ∆y = 3 2 − 2 = 0
= 20a − 8b − 4c = − 60 m − 36 + 20 m − 12 + 80
−2 3 −4
= 4(5a − 2b − c) = − 40 m + 32 = 8(4 − 5m)
1 a −3 ⇒ k(− 8 + 6) − 1(− 12 − 4) + 2(9 + 4) = 0 Here, either ∆ x or ∆ z ≠ 0
| A2 | = 2 b −11 ⇒ − 2k + 16 + 26 = 0 ⇒ 8(4 − 5m) ≠ 0
⇒ 2k = 42 ⇒ m ≠ 4/ 5
1 c 7
∴ k = 21 Hence, the required values are k = 3;
= 1(7b + 11c) − a (14 + 11) − 3(2c −`b) 4
m≠ .
= − 25a + 10b + 5c 132 The system of linear equations 5
= − 5(5a − 2b − c) 3x − 2y − kz = 10
1 2 a 133 Let A and B be 3 × 3 real matrices,
2x − 4y − 2z = 6
| A3 | = 2 6 b = − 10a + 4b + 2c such that A is symmetric matrix
x + 2y − z = 5 m and B is skew-symmetric matrix.
1 −2 c
is inconsistent, if Then, the system of linear
= − 2(5a −`2b − c) 4 4
(a) k ≠ 3, m ≠ (b) k = 3, m = equations (A2 B2 − B2 A2 ) X = O,
For infinite solution, 5 5 where X is a 3 × 1 column matrix of
| A | = | A1 | = | A2 | = | A3 | = 0 4
unknown variables and O is a 3 × 1
(c) k = 3, m≠ (d) k ≠ 3, m ∈ R
⇒ 5a − 2b − c = 0 5 null matrix, has
⇒ 5a = 2b + c [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-I] [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II]
Ans. (c) (a) no solution
130 The following system of linear Given,3x − 2y − kz = 10 (b) exactly two solutions
equations
2x − 4y − 2z = 6 (c) infinitely many solutions
2x + 3y + 2z = 9 x + 2y − z = 5 m (d) a unique solution
3x + 2y + 2z = 9 Condition for inconsistency ⇒∆ = 0 Ans. (c)
x − y + 4z = 8 [2021, 25 Feb. Shift-II] and at least one of the ∆ x , ∆ y , ∆ z is Given, A be a 3 × 3 matrix.
(a) does not have any solution non-zero.
A is symmetric and B is skew-symmetric.
(b) has a unique solution 3 −2 − k
∴ AT = A, BT = − B
(c) has infinitely many solutions Now, ∆ = 2 − 4 − 2
Let A B − B 2 A2 = P
2 2
(d) has a solution (α, β, γ) satisfying 1 2 −1 P = (A B − B 2 A 2 ) T = (A 2 B 2 ) T − (B 2 A 2 ) T
T 2 2
α + β 2 + γ 3 = 12
= 3(4 + 4) + 2(− 2 + 2) − k (4 + 4) = (B 2 ) T (A 2 ) T − (A 2 ) T (B 2 ) T
Ans. (b)
= 24 − 8k = B 2 A 2 − A 2 B 2 = − (A 2 B 2 − B 2 A 2 ) = − P
The given system of equations is
Now, ∆ = 0 ⇒ PT = − P
non-homogeneous and it can be written
as, ∴ 24 − 8k = 0 P is skew-symmetric.
2 3 2 x 9 ⇒ 8k = 24 ∴ |P |=0
3 2 2 y = 9 24 Hence, PX = 0 have infinite solutions.
⇒ k= =3
8
1 −1 4 z 8 134 For the system of linear equations
10 − 2 − k
i.e,. AX = B ∆x = 6 − 4 − 2 x − 2y = 1, x − y + kz = − 2, ky + 4z = 6,
Now, | A | = 2(8 + 2) − 3(12 − 2) + 2(−3 − 2) 5m 2 − 1 k ∈R, consider the following
= 20 − 30 − 10 = − 20 ≠ 0 statements
= 10 (4 + 4) + 2(− 6 + 10 m)
Q| A | ≠ 0, then this system have unique (A) The system has unique
− 3(12 + 20 m)
solution.
= 80 − 12 + 20 m − 36 − 60 m solution, if k ≠ 2, k ≠ −2.
131 If the system of equations = 32 − 40 m = 8(4 − 5m) (B) The system has unique
kx + y + 2z = 1, 3x − y − 2z = 2 and 3 10 − k solution, if k = − 2.
∆y = 2 6 − 2 (C) The system has unique
−2x − 2y − 4z = 3
has infinitely many solutions, then
1 5m − 1 solution, if k = 2.
k is equal to ……… . = 3(− 6 + 10 m) − 10 (− 2 + 2) − 3(10 m − 6) (D) The system has no solution, if
[2021, 25 Feb. Shift-I] = − 18 + 30 m − 30 m + 18 k = 2.
Ans. (21) =0 (E) The system has infinite
Given equations, kx + y + 2z = 1 number of solutions, if k ≠ − 2.
Which of the following statements 2 −1 2 − 2x + 4y + z = 0 − 7 x + 14y + 9z = 0
1
are correct ? [2021, 24 Feb. Shift-II] ⇒ λ = − or 1 and ∆ 1 = −4 −2 λ such that 15 ≤ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 150.
2
(a) (C) and (D) (b) (B) and (E) 4 λ 1 Then, the number of elements in
(c) (A) and (E) (d) (A) and (D) the set S is equal to ............ .
= 2(−2 − λ2 ) + 1( − 4 − 4λ) + 2(− 4λ + 8)
[2020, 3 Sep. Shift-II]
= − 2λ2 − 12λ + 8 = − 2(λ2 + 6λ − 4)
Ans. (d)
Given, x − 2y + 0 z = 1 Ans. (8)
at λ = − , ∆ 1 = − 2 − 3 − 4 =
1 1 27
x − y + kx = − 2 ≠0
2 4 2 System of given linear equations
0 x + ky + 4z = 6
1 −2 0 ∴ System has no, solution for λ = −
1 x − 2y + 5z = 0
Here, ∆ = 1 − 1 k = 1 (− 4 − k 2 ) + 2(4)
2 −2x + 4y + z = 0
and, at λ = 1, ∆ 1 = − 2 (1 + 6 − 4) = − 6 ≠ 0 and −7 x + 14y + 9z = 0
0 k 4
∴System has no solution for λ = 1.Hence, 1 − 2 5
= − 4 − k + 8 = 4 − k2
2
set S contains exactly two elements. ∆ =−2 4 1
1 −2 0
∆x = − 2 − 1 k 136 Let A = {X = (x, y, z) T : PX = 0 and −7 14 9
6 k 4 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1}, where = 1(36 − 14) + 2(−18 + 7) + 5(−28 + 28)
1 2 1 = 22 − 22 + 0 = 0
= 1 (− 4 − k ) + 2(− 8 − 6k)
2
P = −2 3 −4, then the set A
∴The given planes intersects each other
= − 4 − k 2 − 16 − 12k = − k 2 − 12k − 20
over a unique line.
If ∆ ≠ 0, then it has unique solution i.e. 1 9 −1 Now, put z = 0, so x = 2y
4− k ≠0
2
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-II] Q 15 ≤ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 150
⇒k ≠ ± 2 for unique solution.
(a) is a singleton ⇒ 15 ≤ 4y 2 + y 2 + 0 2 ≤ 150 ⇒ 3 ≤ y 2 ≤ 30
Also at k = 2
(b) is an empty set ⇒ y ∈ [− 30 , − 3] ∪ [ 3, 30 ]
∆ x = − 22 − 12 × 2 − 20 = − 48 ≠ 0 (c) contains more than two elements
Then, in this case it has no solution. ∴Integral values of y are − 5, − 4, − 3, − 2, 2,
(d) contains exactly two elements 3, 4, 5.
Hence, statement (A) and statement (D)
Ans. (d) ∴ Number of required integral solution is 8.
both are correct.
Given set, A = { X = (x, y, z)T : PX = 0 Hence, answer is 8.00.
135 Let S be the set of all λ∈ R for and x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 where,
1 2 1 138 If the system of equations
which the system of linear equations
P = −2 3 −4 x − 2y + 3z = 9, 2x + y + z = b
2x − y + 2z = 2
1 9 −1 x − 7 y + az = 24, has infinitely many
x − 2y + λz = − 4
1 2 1 x solutions, then a − b is equal to
x + λy+ z = 4 Q PX = −2 3 −4 y = 0 [given] ............. . [2020, 4 Sep. Shift-I]
has no solution. Then the set S
1 9 −1 z Ans. (5)
[2020, 2 Sep. Shift-I] System of given linear equations is
1 2 1
(a) contains more than two elements x − 2y + 3z = 9, 2x + y + z = b
Q | P | = −2 3 −4
(b) contains exactly two elements and x − 7 y + az = 24, has infinitely many
(c) is an empty set 1 9 −1
solution, so ∆ = 0 = ∆ 1 = ∆ 2 = ∆ 3
(d) is a singleton = 1 (−3 + 36) − 2 (2 + 4) + 1 (−18 − 3) 1 −2 3
Ans. (b) = 33 − 12 − 21 = 0 So, ∆ = 0 ⇒ 2 1 1= 0
Now, according to Cramer's Rule, the
Given system of linear equations is
homogeneous system of linear 1 −7 a
2x − y + 2z = 2 equations represented by PX = 0 have ⇒ 1(a + 7) + 2(2a − 1) + 3(−14 − 1) = 0
x − 2y + λz = − 4 and x + λy + z = 4 infinitely many solution, so the planes ⇒ 5a = 40 ⇒a = 8
has no solution. represented by system of linear
2 −1 2 1 −2 9
equations contains a unique line passes
∴ ∆ = 0 ⇒ 1 −2 λ = 0 through origin. And the equation and ∆ 3 = 0 ⇒2 1 b = 0
1 λ 1 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 is the equation of a 1 −7 24
sphere having centre (0, 0, 0) and radius ⇒1(24 + 7b) + 2(48 − b) + 9(−14 − 1) = 0
⇒ 2(− 2 − λ 2 ) + 1 (1 − λ ) + 2(λ + 2) = 0 1. So, the unique line intersect the
⇒5b + 120 − 135 = 0 ⇒ b = 3
⇒ − 2λ2 + λ + 1 = 0 sphere at two distinct points. Therefore,
∴ a −b = 8 −3= 5
⇒ 2λ2 − λ − 1 = 0 set A contains exactly two elements.
Hence, option (d) is correct. Hence, answer is 5.00.
⇒ 2λ − 2λ + λ − 1 = 0
2
⇒ (2λ + 1) (λ − 1) = 0 137 Let S be the set of all integer 139 Suppose the vectors x 1 , x 2 and
solutions,(x, y, z), of the system x 3 are the solutions of the system
of equations x − 2y + 5z = 0 of linear equations, Ax = b when the
vector b on the right side is equal to 1 1 2 Ans. (a)
b 1 , b2 and b3 respectively. and ∆3 = 0 ⇒ 2 4 6 = 0 Given system of linear equations
1 0 0 1 3 2 µ x + y + 3z = 0 …(i)
If x 1 = 1 , x 2 = 2 , x 3 = 0 , b 1 = 0,
⇒1(4µ – 12) – 1(2µ – 18) + 2(4 – 12) = 0 x + 3y + k 2 z = 0 …(ii)
3x + y + 3z = 0 …(iii)
1 1 1 0 ⇒ 2µ − 10 = 0
⇒ µ=5 has a non-zero solutions, so
0 0 ∴ 2λ + µ = 9 + 5 = 14. 1 1 3
b2 = 2 and b3 = 0, then the D = 0 ⇒ 1 3 k2 = 0
141 Let λ ∈R. The system of linear
0 2 3 1 3
equations
⇒1(9 – k 2 ) – 1(3 –3k 2 ) + 3(1 –9) = 0
determinant of A is equal to 2x 1 − 4x 2 + λ x 3 = 1, x 1 − 6x 2 + x 3 = 2
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] ⇒ 9 – k 2 –3 + 3k 2 –24 = 0
λx 1 − 10x 2 + 4x 3 = 3 is inconsistent
3 1 ⇒ 2k 2 – 18 = 0 ⇒k 2 = 9 ⇒ k = 3
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 4 for [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-I]
2 2 ∴The Eqs. (i) and (ii) provide us
(a) exactly two values of λ
Ans. (b) x + y + 3z = 0
a 1 a 2 a 3 (b) exactly one positive value of λ
x + 3y + 9z = 0
Let matrix A = a 4 a 5 a 6 (c) every value of λ y
(d) exactly one negative value of λ ⇒ 2y + 6z = 0 ⇒ = –3 and x = 0
a 7 a 8 a 9 z
Ans. (d) y
and Ax = b having solution x 1 , x 2 and x 3 ∴ x + = 0 –3 = –3
when the Given system of linear equations z
vector b on the right side is equal tob 1 ,b 2 2x 1 − 4x 2 + λ x 3 = 1
x 1 − 6x 2 + x 3 = 2
143 The value of λ and µ for which the
and b 3 respectively, so
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 = 1, 2a 2 + a 3 = 0 a3 = 0 and λx 1 − 10 x 2 + 4x 3 = 3 system of linear equations
a 4 + a 5 + a 6 = 0, 2a 5 + a 6 = 2 and a 6 = 0 is inconsistent, so ∆ = 0 x + y + z = 2, x + 2y + 3z = 5,
a 7 + a 8 + a 9 = 0 2a 8 + a 9 = 0 a9 = 2 2 −4 λ
x + 3y + λz = µ
∴a 2 = 0, a 5 = 1, a 8 = –1 and a 1 = 1,a 4 = –1, ⇒ 1 −6 1 = 0 has infinitely many solutions are,
a 7 = –1 respectively [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-I]
1 0 0 λ −10 4
(a) 6 and 8 (b) 5 and 7
∴ A = –1 1 0 ⇒| A | = 2. ⇒ 2(−24 + 10) + 4(4 − λ ) + λ (−10 + 6λ ) = 0
(c) 5 and 8 (d) 4 and 9
–1 –1 2 ⇒ 6λ2 − 14λ − 12 = 0
⇒ 3λ2 − 7 λ − 6 = 0
Ans. (c)
The system of linear equations
140 If the system of equations ⇒ 3λ − 9λ + 2λ − 6 = 0
2
x + y + z =2
⇒ 3λ (λ − 3) + 2(λ − 3) = 0 x + 2y + 3z = 5
x + y + z =2 2
⇒ λ = − ,3 x + 3y + λ z = µ
2x + 4y − z = 6 3 has infinitely many solutions, so
3x + 2y + λz = µ On adding first and second given linear
1 1 1
has infinitely many solutions, then equations we have
∆ = 0 ⇒1 2 3= 0
[2020, 4 Sep. Shift-II] 3x 1 − 10 x 2 + (λ + 1) x 3 = 3
1 3 λ
(a) 2 λ + µ = 14 And at λ = 3, it is same as the third linear
⇒ 1 (2λ − 9) − 1 (λ − 3) + 1 (3 − 2) = 0
(b) 2 λ − µ = 5 equation, so for λ = 3, there are infinitly
−2 ⇒ λ=5
(c) λ − 2µ = − 5 many solution, but for λ = both are 1 1 2
(d) λ + 2µ = 14 3
−2 and ∆ 3 = 0 ⇒ 1 2 5= 0
different, so for λ = , the system of
Ans. (a) 3 1 3 µ
Given system of linear equations linear equations in inconsistent.
⇒ 1 (2µ − 15) − 1 (µ − 5) + 2 (3 − 2) = 0
x+ y+ z =2
142 If the system of linear equations ⇒ µ=8
2x + 4y − z = 6
and, 3x + 2y + λz = µ has infinite number x + y + 3z = 0 144 The sum of distinct values of λ for
of solution x + 3y + k 2 z = 0 which the system of equations
1 1 1
3x + y + 3z = 0 ( λ −1)x + ( 3 λ + 1) y + 2 λz = 0
∴ ∆ = 0 ⇒ 2 4 –1 = 0 ( λ −1)x + (4 λ − 2 ) y + ( λ + 3 )z = 0
has a non-zero solution (x, y, z) for
3 2 λ y
some k ∈R, then x + is equal 2 x + (3λ + 1) y + 3(λ − 1) = 0
⇒1(4λ + 2) – 1(2λ + 3) + 1(4 – 12) = 0 z has non-zero solutions, is
⇒ 2λ − 9 = 0 ⇒ λ = 9 /2 to [2020, 5 Sep. Shift-II] [2020, 6 Sep. Shift-II]
(a) −3 (b) 9 Ans. (3.00)
(c) 3 (d) −9 Given system of equations
(λ − 1) x + (3λ + 1) y + 2λz = 0 ⇒(3b − 2a)(c − a) − (b − a)(4c − 2a) = 0 1 2 3
(λ − 1) x + (4λ − 2) y + (λ + 3) z = 0 ⇒(3bc − 3ba − 2ac + 2a 2 ) − (4bc − 2ba Q∆ =3 4 5
and 2x + (3λ + 1) y + 3(λ − 1) z = 0 has − 4ac + 2a 2 ) = 0 4 4 4
non-zero solutions, so ⇒ −bc − ab + 2ac = 0
λ − 1 3λ + 1 2λ = 1(16 − 20) − 2(12 − 20) + 3(12 − 16)
⇒ 2ac = ab + bc
= − 4 + 16 − 12 = 0 ⇒∆ = 0
∆ = 0 ⇒ λ − 1 4λ − 2 λ + 3 = 0 2 1 1
⇒ = + [on dividing byabc] 1 2 3
2 3λ + 1 3(λ − 1) b c a
1 1 1 Now, ∆ 1 =µ 4 5
⇒ , , are in (a)P.
⇒ (λ − 1) [6 (2λ − 1) (λ − 1) − (λ + 3) (3λ + 1)] a b c δ 4 4
− (3λ + 1) [3 (λ − 1) 2 − 2 (λ + 3)] = 1(16 − 20) − 2(4 µ − 5 δ) + 3(4 µ − 4δ)
146 If the system of linear equations,
+ 2λ[(λ − 1) (3λ + 1) − 2 (4λ − 2)] = 0 = − 4 + 10 δ − 8 µ + 12 µ − 12 δ = 4 µ − 2δ − 4
⇒(λ − 1) [12λ − 18λ + 6 − 3λ − 10 λ − 3]
2 2
x + y + z = 6 x + 2y + 3z = 10 1 1 3
− (3λ + 1) [3λ2 − 6λ + 3 − 2λ − 6] 3x + 2y + λz = µ Similarly, ∆ 2 =3 µ 5
+ 2λ[3λ2 − 2λ − 1 − 8λ + 4] = 0 has more than two solutions, then 4 δ 4
⇒λ[9λ2 − 28λ + 3 − 9λ2 + 24λ + 9 + 6λ2 µ − λ2 is equal to …… . = 1(4µ − 5δ) − 1(12 − 20) + 3(3 δ − 4 µ )
[2020, 7 Jan. Shift-II]
− 20 λ + 6] − 1 [12λ2 − 36λ] = 0 = 4 µ − 5 δ + 8 + 9 δ − 12 µ = 4 δ − 8 µ + 8
⇒ λ [6λ − 36λ + 54] = 0
2 Ans. (13) 1 2 1
⇒ λ(λ − 3) 2 = 0 ⇒ λ = 0, 3, 3 The given system of linear equations and ∆ 3 =3 4 µ
∴ Sum of distinct values of λ is 3. x + y + z = 6, 4 4 δ
x + 2y + 3z = 10,
145 If the system of linear equations = 1(4 δ − 4 µ ) − 2(3 δ − 4 µ ) + 1(12 − 16)
and 3x + 2y + λz = µ has more than two
= 4δ − 4µ − 6 δ + 8 µ − 4
2x + 2ay + az = 0 solutions, so system must have infinite
number of solutions. = 4µ − 2δ − 4
2x + 3by + bz = 0 Fromtheoptionsif(µ , δ) = (4, 3),then
Now, on putting z = 0 in above equation,
2x + 4cy + cz = 0 we get 4δ − 8 µ + 8 ≠ 0
where a, b, c ∈R are non-zero and x + y =6 …(i) Now according to Cramer’s rule if ∆ = 0
distinct; has a non-zero solution, x + 2y = 10 …(ii) and any one of ∆ 1 , ∆ 2 or ∆ 3 is not zero,
then system is called inconsistent.
then [2020, 7 Jan. Shift-I] and 3x + 2y = µ …(iii)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we are getting ∴The ordered pair (µ , δ) = (4, 3), then the
(a) a + b + c = 0 system of linear equations is
1 1 1 y = 4 and x = 2
(b) , , are in (a)P. inconsistent.
a b c From Eq. (iii), we get
Hence, option (b) is correct.
(c) a, b , c are in (a)P. µ = 3(2) + 2(4) = 14
(d) a, b , c are in G.P. Now, on putting y = 0 and µ = 14, in the 148 The system of linear equations
given system of linear Eq., we get
Ans. (b) λx + 2y + 2z = 5, 2λx + 3y + 5z = 8
x + z =6 …(iv)
Given system of linear equations
x + 3z = 10 …(v) 4x + λy + 6z = 10 has
2x + 2ay + az = 0 …(i)
and 3x + λz = 14 …(vi) (a) no solution when λ = 2
2x + 3by + bz = 0 …(ii), (b) infinitely many solutions when λ = 2
On solving Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get z = 2
and 2x + 4cy + cz = 0 …(iii) and x = 4 (c) no solution when λ = 8
where a, b, c ∈ R are non-zero and From Eq. (vi), we get (d) a unique solution when λ = − 8
distinct, has a non-zero solution, means 3(4) + λ (2) = 14 ⇒ λ = 1 [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-II]
2 2a a ∴ µ − λ2 = 14 − 1 = 13 Ans. (a)
∆ = 0 ⇒ 2 3b b= 0 Given system of linear equations
2 4c c
147 For which of the following ordered λx + 2y + 2z = 5,
C pairs (µ, δ), the system of liner 2λx + 3y + 5z = 8, and
On applying C 1 → 1 , we get
2 equations 4x + λy + 6z = 10,
1 2a a x + 2y + 3z = 1, 3x + 4y + 5z = µ λ 2 2
1 3b b= 0
⇒ 4x + 4y + 4z = δ is inconsistent? then ∆ =2λ 3 5
1 4c c (a) (4, 6) (b) (4, 3) (c) (1, 0) (d) (3, 4) 4 λ 6
On applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 and [2020, 8 Jan. Shift-I] =λ (18 − 5λ ) − 2(12λ − 20) + 2(2λ 2 − 12)
R3 → R3 − R1, Ans. (b) = − λ 2 − 6λ + 16 = − [λ2 + 6λ − 16]
we get
Given system of linear equations = − [λ2 + 8λ − 2λ − 16]
1 2a a
0 3b − 2a b − a= 0 x + 2y + 3z = 1 …(i) = − [λ (λ + 8) − 2(λ + 8)]
⇒
3x + 4y + 5z = µ …(ii) = − (λ − 2)(λ + 8)
0 4c − 2a c − a 4x + 4y + 4z = δ …(iii) Now, when λ = 2, then
Expension with respect to first column
5 2 2 7 x + 6y − 2z = 0 ⇒ 3x + 4y + 2z = 0 3x − y − kz = 3 has a solution (x, y, z),
∆ 1 = 8 3 5 x − 2y − 6z = 0 z ≠ 0, then (x, y) lies on the straight
7 6 −2
10 2 6 line whose equation is
∴ ∆=3 4 2
= 5(18 − 10) − 2(48 − 50) + 2(16 − 30) [2019, 8 April Shift-II]
1 −2 −6 (a) 3x − 4 y − 4 = 0 (b) 3x − 4 y − 1 = 0
= 40 + 4 − 28 = 16 ≠ 0
For, λ = 2, then ∆ = 0 but ∆ 1 ≠ 0, so there = 7 (−24 + 4) − 6(−18 − 2) − 2(−6 − 4) (c) 4 x − 3y − 4 = 0 (d) 4 x − 3y − 1 = 0
is no solution for given system of linear = 7 (−20) + 6(20) + 2(10) Ans. (c)
equations if λ = 2. = − 140 + 120 + 20 = 0
Given system of linear equations
Hence, option (a) is correct. Since ∆ =0 for homogeneous systems of
linear equations, then system has x − 2y + kz = 1 …(i)
149 If for some α and β in R, the infinitely many solutions. 2x + y + z = 2 …(ii)
Now, since and 3x − y − kz = 3 …(iii)
intersection of the following three
planes (7 x + 6y − 2z) + 3(x − 2y − 6z) = 0 has a solution (x, y, z), z ≠ 0.
x + 4y − 2z = 1, x + 7 y − 5z = β ⇒ 10 x − 20 z = 0 ⇒x = 2z On adding Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
x + 5y + αz = 5 So, the given system of linear equations x − 2y + kz + 3x − y − kz = 1 + 3
has infinitely many solutions satisfying 4x − 3y = 4
is a line in R 3 , then α + β is equal to x =2z.
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) −10 (d) 2 ⇒ 4x − 3y − 4 = 0
Hence, option (d) is correct.
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-I] This is the required equation of the
Ans. (b) 151 The greatest value of c ∈R for which straight line in which point (x, y) lies.
It is given that the three planes the system of linear equations
153 If the system of equations
x −cy − cz =0,cx −y + cz =0,
x + 4y − 2z = 1, 2x + 3y − z = 0, x + ky − 2z = 0 and
cx + cy − z =0
x + 7 y − 5z = β 2x − y + z = 0 has a non-trivial
has a non-trivial solution, is x y z
and x + 5y + αz = 5 solution (x, y, z), then + + + k
[2019, 8 April Shift-I]
having intersection is a line in R 3 , so
1
y z x
∆ =0 (a) −1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 0 is equal to [2019, 9 April Shift-II]
2
1 4 −2 1
Ans. (b) (a) −4 (b)
⇒ 1 7 − 5 =0 2
Key Idea A homogeneous system of
1 5 α linear equations have non-trivial 1 3
solutions iff ∆ = 0 (c) − (d)
⇒ 1(7α + 25) − 4(α + 5) − 2(5 − 7) = 0 4 4
⇒ 7α + 25 − 4α − 20 + 4 = 0 Given system of linear equations is Ans. (b)
⇒ 3α + 9 = 0 x − cy − cz = 0, Given system of linear equations
⇒ α = − 3 and ∆ 3 = 0 cx − y + cz = 0 2x + 3y − z = 0,
1 4 1 and cx + cy − z = 0 x + ky − 2z = 0
⇒ 1 7 β =0 We know that a homogeneous system of and 2x − y + z = 0 has a non-trivial
1 5 5 linear equations have non-trivial solution (x, y, z).
solutions iff 2 3 −1
⇒ 1 (35 − 5β ) − 4(5 −β ) + 1(5 − 7) = 0 ∆ =0 ∴ ∆ = 0 ⇒ 1 k −2 = 0
⇒ 35 − 5β − 20 + 4β − 2 = 0 1 − c − c
⇒ β = 13 ⇒ c −1 c = 0 2 −1 1
∴ α + β = −3 + 13 = 10 2(k − 2) − 3(1 + 4) − 1(−1 − 2k) = 0
c c − 1
Hence, option (b) is correct. ⇒ 2k − 4 − 15 + 1 + 2k = 0
⇒ 1(1 − c 2 ) + c (− c − c 2 ) − c (c 2 + c) = 0 9
⇒ 1 − c2 − c2 − c3 − c3 − c2 = 0 ⇒ 4 k = 18 ⇒ k =
150 The following system of linear 2
⇒ −2c 3 − 3c 2 + 1 = 0
equations
⇒ 2c 3 + 3c 2 − 1 = 0 So, system of linear equations is
7 x + 6y − 2z = 0, 3x + 4y + 2z = 0 ⇒ (c + 1)[2c 2 + c − 1] = 0 2x + 3y − z = 0 …(i)
x − 2y − 6z = 0, has ⇒ (c + 1)[2c 2 + 2c − c − 1] = 0 2x + 9y − 4z = 0 …(ii)
[2020, 9 Jan. Shift-II] ⇒ (c + 1)(2c − 1)(c + 1) = 0 and 2x − y + z = 0 …(iii)
1
(a) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) ⇒ c = − 1 or From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
satisfying y = 2z. 12
Clearly, the greatest value of c is . y 1
(b) no solution. 2 6y − 3z = 0, =
z 2
(c) only the trivial solution. 152 If the system of linear equations
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
(d) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) x − 2y + kz = 1,2x + y + z = 2, x 1
satisfying x = 2z. 4x + 2y = 0 ⇒ = −
y 2
Ans. (d)
Given system of linear equations
x x y 1 z (c) g + h + k = 0 (d) g + h + 2k = 0
So,= × = − ⇒ = −4 156 The system of linear equations
z y z 4 x
y 1 x 1 x + y + z =2 Ans. (a)
Q z = 2 and y = − 2 2x + 3y + 2z = 5 1 −4 7
Here, D = 0 3 −5
x y z 1 1
∴ + + + k= − + −4+ = .
9 1 2x + 3y + (a 2 − 1) z = a + 1
−2 5 −9
y z x 2 2 2 2 [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-I]
(a) has infinitely many solutions fora = 4 = 1(− 27 + 25) + 4(0 − 10) + 7 (0 + 6)
154 If the system of linear equations (b) is inconsistent when a = 4 [expanding along R 1 ]
x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 2z = 6 (c) has a unique solution for |a | = 3 = − 2 − 40 + 42 = 0
x + 3y + λz = µ,(λ ,µ ∈R), has (d) is inconsistent when |a | = 3 ∴The system of linear equations have
infinite many solutions.
infinitely many solutions, then the Ans. (d)
[Qsystem is consistent and does not
value of λ + µ is According to Cramer’s rule, here have unique solution as D = 0]
[2019, 10 April Shift-I] 1 1 1 1 0 0
⇒ D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
(a) 7 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 9 D= 2 3 2 = 2 1 0 g −4 7
Ans. (c) 2 3 a2 − 1 2 1 a2 − 3 Now, D 1 = 0 ⇒ h 3 − 5 = 0
Given system of linear equations (Applying C 2 → C 2 − C 1 and C 3 → C 3 − C 1 ) k 5 −9
x+ y+ z=5 …(i) = a 2 − 3 (Expanding along R 1 ) ⇒g (− 27 + 25) + 4(− 9h + 5k)
x + 2y + 2z = 6 …(ii) and + 7 (5h − 3k) = 0
x + 3y + λ z = µ …(ii) 2 1 1 2 1 0
⇒ − 2g − 36h + 20 k + 35h − 21k = 0
(λ,µ ∈ R) D1 = 5 3 2 = 5 3 −1
⇒ − 2g − h − k = 0
The above given system has infinitely a + 1 3 a 2 − 1 a + 1 3 a 2 − 1 −3
many solutions, then the plane ⇒ 2g + h + k = 0
represented by these equations (Applying C 3 → C 3 − C 2 )
intersect each other at a line, means 158 If the system of equations
(x + 3y + λz −µ ) 2 0 0 x + y + z = 5, x + 2y + 3z = 9,
= p(x + y + z − 5) + q (x + 2y + 2z − 6) = 5 −1 x + 3y + αz = β
5 3−
= (p + q) x + (p + 2q) y + (p + 2q) z − (5p + 6q) 2
has infinitely many solutions, then
a + 1 3 − (a + 1) a2 − 1 − 3
On comparing, we get
2 β − α equals [2019, 10 Jan. Shift-I]
p + q = 1, p + 2q = 3, p + 2q = λ and 1 (a) 8 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 5
5p + 6q = µ (Applying C 2 → C 2 − C 1 )
2 Ans. (a)
So, (p, q) = (−1, 2)
⇒ λ =3 and µ = 7 ⇒λ + µ = 3 + 7 = 10 2 0 0 Since, the system of equations has
1 infinitely many solution, therefore
= 5 −1
155 Let λ be a real number for which 2 D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
the system of linear equations 5 a a2 − 4
a+1 − Here,
x + y + z = 6, 4x + λ y − λ z = λ − 2 2 2 1 1 1
and 3x + 2y − 4z = − 5 1 5 a D = 1 2 3 = 1 (2α − 9) − 1 (α − 3) + 1(3 − 2)
= 2 (a 2 − 4) + −
has infinitely many solutions. Then 2 2 2 1 3 α
λ is a root of the quadratic (Expanding along R 1 )
=α − 5
equation [2019, 10 April Shift-II] a 2 5 a 2
= 2 − 2 + − = a − 4 + 5 − a 1 1 5
(a) λ2 − 3λ − 4 = 0 (b) λ2 + 3λ − 4 = 0 2 2 2
(c) λ2 − λ − 6 = 0 (d) λ2 + λ − 6 = 0 = a2 − a + 1 and D 3 = 1 2 9
Ans. (c) Clearly, whena = 4, then D = 13 ≠ 0 ⇒ 1 3 β
Given, system of linear equations unique solution and = 1 (2β − 27) − 1(β − 9) + 5 (3 − 2)
x + y + z =6 … (i) when |a | = 3, then D = 0 and D 1 ≠ 0.
= β − 13
4x + λ y − λ z = λ − 2 …(ii) ∴When |a | = 3, then the system has no
and 3x + 2y − 4z = − 5 …(iii) Now, D = 0
solution i.e. system is inconsistent.
has infinitely many solutions, then ∆ = 0 ⇒ α − 5=0 ⇒ α = 5
1 1 1 157 If the system of linear equations and D 3 = 0 ⇒ β − 13 = 0
⇒ 4 λ − λ =0 x − 4y + 7 z = g ⇒ β = 13
3 2 −4 3y − 5z = h ∴ β − α = 13 − 5 = 8
− 2x + 5y − 9z = k
⇒1(− 4λ + 2λ ) − 1(− 16 + 3λ) + 1(8− 3λ)= 0
is consistent, then 159 The number of values of θ ∈(0, π) for
⇒ − 8λ + 24 = 0 ⇒ λ = 3
From, the option λ = 3, satisfy the [2019, 9 Jan. Shift-II] which the system of linear equations
quadratic equation λ2 − λ − 6 = 0. (a) 2 g + h + k = 0 (b) g + 2h + k = 0 x + 3y + 7 z = 0,
− x + 4y + 7 z = 0, 160 If the system of linear equations 1 0 −1
0 1 − 1 ≠0
(sin3θ) x + (cos2θ) y + 2z = 0 2x + 2y + 3z = a
α β 2
has a non-trivial solution, is 3x − y + 5z = b
⇒ 1(2 + β ) − 0 (0 + α ) − 1(0 −α ) ≠ 0
[2019, 10 Jan. Shift-II] x − 3y + 2z = c
(a) two (b) three (c) four (d) one ⇒ α + β + 2≠0 … (i)
where a, b, c are non-zero real
Ans. (a) Note that, only (2, 4) satisfy the Eq. (i)
numbers, has more than one
We know that, the system of linear solution, then [2019, 11 Jan. Shift-I] 162 The set of all values of λ for which
equations (a) b − c − a = 0 the system of linear equations
a1x + b1y + c 1z = 0 (b) a + b + c = 0 x − 2y − 2z = λx, x + 2y + z = λy and
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = 0 (c) b − c + a = 0 − x − y = λz
a3x + b3y + c 3z = 0 (d) b + c − a = 0 has a non-trivial solution
has a non-trivial solution, if Ans. (a) [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-II]
a1 b1 c 1 We know that, if the system of (a) contains exactly two elements
a2 b2 c 2 = 0 equations (b) contains more than two elements
a3 b3 c3 a1 x + b1 y + c 1 z = d1 (c) is a singleton
a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = d2 (d) is an empty set
Now, if the given system of linear
equations a3x + b3y + c 3z = d3 Ans. (c)
x + 3y + 7 z = 0 has more than one solution, then D = 0
The given system of linear equations is
and D 1 = D 2 = D 3 = 0. In the given
− x + 4y + 7 z = 0, problem, x − 2y − 2z = λx
and (sin 3θ) x + (cos 2θ) y + 2z = 0 a 2 3 x + 2y + z = λy
has non-trivial solution, then D1 = 0 ⇒ b − 1 5 = 0 − x − y − λz = 0,
1 3 7 which can be rewritten as
c −3 2
−1 4 7 =0 (1 − λ ) x − 2y − 2z = 0
⇒ a (− 2 + 15) − 2(2b − 5c) + 3(− 3b + c) = 0 ⇒ x + (2 − λ) y + z = 0
sin 3θ cos 2θ 2
⇒ 13a − 4b + 10 c − 9b + 3c = 0 x + y + λz = 0
⇒ 1(8 − 7 cos 2θ ) − 3 (− 2 − 7 sin 3θ ) ⇒ 13a − 13b + 13c = 0 Now, for non-trivial solution, we should
+ 7 (− cos 2θ − 4 sin 3θ) = 0 ⇒ a − b + c = 0 ⇒b − a − c = 0 have
⇒ 8 − 7 cos 2θ + 6 + 21 sin 3θ 1− λ −2 −2
− 7 cos 2θ − 28 sin 3θ = 0 161 An ordered pair (α, β) for which the
1 2− λ 1 =0
⇒ − 7 sin 3θ − 14 cos 2θ + 14 = 0 system of linear equations 1 1 λ
⇒ − 7 (3 sin θ − 4 sin θ) −
3
(1 + α) x + βy + z = 2
[Q If a 1 x + b 1 y + c 1 z = 0;
14 (1 − 2 sin2 θ) + 14 = 0 αx + (1 + β) y + z = 3 a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = 0
[Qsin3A = 3 sin A − 4 sin A and3
ax + βy + 2z = 2 a 3 x + b 3 y + c 3 z = 0]
cos 2A = 1 − 2 sin2 A] has a non-trivial solution, then
has a unique solution, is a1 b1 c 1
⇒ 28 sin3 θ + 28 sin2 θ [2019, 12 Jan. Shift-I] a 2 b2 c 2 = 0
− 21 sinθ − 14 + 14 = 0 (a) (2, 4) a3 b3 c 3
⇒ 7 sin θ [4 sin2 θ + 4 sinθ − 3] = 0 (b) (− 4, 2)
(c) (1, − 3) ⇒ (1 −λ ) [(2 −λ )λ − 1] + 2 [λ − 1]
⇒ sin θ [4 sin2 θ + 6 sinθ − 2 sinθ − 3] = 0
(d) (−3, 1) − 2 [1 − 2 + λ] = 0
⇒ sin θ [2 sin θ (2 sin θ + 3) ⇒ (λ − 1)[λ2 − 2λ + 1 + 2 − 2] = 0
Ans. (a)
− 1 (2 sin θ + 3)] = 0 ⇒ (λ −1) 3 = 0 ⇒ λ = 1
⇒ (sin θ) (2 sin θ − 1) (2 sin θ + 3) = 0 Given system of linear equations,
1 (1 + α) x + βy + z = 2 163 If the system of linear equations
Now, either sinθ = 0 or
2 αx + (1 + β) y + z = 3 x + ky + 3z = 0
Q sin θ ≠ − 3 as − 1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1 αx + βy + 2z = 2
3x + ky − 2z = 0
2 has a unique solution, if
2x + 4y − 3z = 0
In given interval (0, π), 1+ α β 1
sinθ =
1 has a non-zero solution (x, y, z),
α (1 + β) 1 ≠ 0 xz
2 then 2 is equal to
π 5π α β 2
⇒ θ= , y [JEE Main 2018]
6 6 Apply R 1 → R 1 − R 3 and R 2 → R 2 − R 3 (a) −10 (b) 10 (c) −30 (d) 30
[Qsin θ ≠ 0, θ ∈ (0, π)]
Ans. (b)
Hence, 2 solutions in (0, π)
We have, x + ky + 3z = 0; 3x + ky − 2z = 0; For a = 1 Since, the system has non-trivial
2x + 4y − 3z = 0 ∆ = ∆1 = ∆2 = ∆3 = 0 solution.
System of equation has non-zero ∆ for b = 1 only 2− λ −2 1
solution, if x + y + z = 1, x + y + z = 1 and ∴ 2 − (3 + λ) 2 = 0
1 k 3 x + y + z =0 −1 2 −λ
3 k − 2 = 0
i.e. no solution (QRHS is not equal)
⇒ (2 − λ )(3λ + λ − 4) + 2(−2λ + 2)
2
2 4 − 3 Hence, for no solutionb = 1 only
+ 1(4 − 3 − λ) = 0
165 The system of linear equations ⇒ (2 −λ )(λ 2 + 3λ − 4) + 4(1 −λ ) + (1 −λ) = 0
⇒ (−3k + 8) − k (−9 + 4) + 3(12 − 2k) = 0 ⇒ (2 − λ )(λ + 4)(λ − 1) + 5(1 − λ ) = 0
x + λ y − z = 0; λx − y − z = 0;
⇒ −3k + 8 + 9k − 4k + 36 − 6k = 0 ⇒ (λ − 1)[(2 − λ)(λ + 4) − 5] = 0
x + y − λz = 0
⇒ −4k + 44 = 0 ⇒ k = 11 ⇒ (λ − 1)(λ2 + 2λ − 3) = 0
z = λ , then we get has a non-trivial solution for
Let ⇒ (λ − 1)[(λ − 1)(λ + 3)] = 0
[JEE Main 2016]
x + 11y + 3λ = 0 …(i) ⇒ (λ − 1) 2 (λ + 3) = 0
(a) infinitely many values of λ
3x + 11y − 2λ = 0 …(ii) ⇒ λ = 1, 1, − 3
(b) exactly one value of λ
and 2x + 4y − 3λ = 0 …(iii)
(c) exactly two values of λ 167 The number of values of k, for
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(d) exactly three values of λ which the system of equations
5λ −λ Ans. (d) (k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
x= ,y = ,z =λ
2 2 Given, system of linear equations is
kx + (k + 3) y = 3k − 1
xz 5λ2 x + λ y − z = 0;
⇒ = = 10 has no solution, is [JEE Main 2013]
y2 λ
2
λx − y − z = 0; x + y − λz = 0
2 × − (a) ∞ (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
2 Note that, given system will have a
non-trivial solution only if determinant of
164 If S is the set of distinct values of b coefficient matrix is zero, i.e. Ans. (b)
for which the following system of 1 λ −1
Given equations can be written in matrix
linear equations λ −1 −1 = 0 form
1 1 −λ AX = B
x + y + z = 1, x + ay + z = 1
⇒ 1 (λ + 1) − λ(− λ + 1) − 1(λ + 1) = 0
2
k + 1 8 x
and ax + by + z = 0 where, A = , X = y
⇒ λ + 1 + λ3 − λ − λ − 1 = 0 k k + 3
has no solution, then S is ⇒ λ3 − λ = 0 4k
[JEE Main 2017] and B=
⇒ λ(λ2 − 1) = 0 3 − 1
(a) an infinite set k
⇒ λ =0
(b) a finite set containing two or more For no solution, | A | = 0 and (adj A) B ≠ 0
or λ=± 1
elements k+ 1 8
(c) singleton set Hence, given system of linear equation Now, |A|= =0
has a non-trivial solution for exactly k k+3
(d) an empty set
three values of λ. ⇒ (k + 1) (k + 3) − 8k = 0
Ans. (d)
⇒ k 2 + 4k + 3 − 8k = 0
1 1 1 166 The set of all values of λ for which
⇒ k 2 − 4k + 3 = 0
Q ∆= 1 a 1 the system of linear equations
⇒ (k − 1) (k − 3) = 0
a b 1 2x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = λx 1 ,
2x 1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = λx 2 and ⇒ k = 1 or = 3
= 1 (a − b) − 1 (1 − a) + 1 (b − a 2 ) k + 3 − 8
− x 1 + 2x 2 = λx 3 has a non-trivial Now, adj A =
= − (a − 1) 2
1 1 1
solution, [JEE Main 2015] − k k + 1
(a) is an empty set k + 3 − 8 4k
∆1 = 1 a 1 = 1 (a − b) − 1 (1) + 1 (b) Now, (adj A) B =
(b) is a singleton set
0 b 1 (c) contains two elements − k k + 1 3k − 1
(k + 3) (4k) − 8 (3k − 1)
= − (a − 1) (d) contains more than two elements =
− 4k + (k + 1) (3k − 1)
2
1 1 1 Ans. (c)
∆2 = 1 1 1 Given system of linear equations 4k 2 − 12k + 8
a 0 1 2x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = λx 1 = 2
⇒ (2 − λ ) x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = 0 …(i) − k + 2k − 1
= 1 (1) − 1 (1 − a) + 1 (0 − a) = 0 Put k = 1
1 1 1 2x 1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = λx 2
⇒ 2x 1 − (3 + λ) x 2 + 2x 3 = 0 …(ii) 4 − 12 + 8 0
and ∆ 3 = 1 a 1 (adj A) B = = (not true)
− x 1 + 2x 2 = λx 3 − 1 + 2 − 1 0
a b 0 ⇒ − x 1 + 2x 2 − λx 3 = 0 …(iii) Put k = 3
= 1 ( − b) − 1 (− a) + 1 (b − a 2 )
= − a (a − 1)
36 − 36 + 8 8 1 1 + 0 + 0 1
(adj A) B = = ≠ 0 (true)
⇒ A (u 1 + u 2 ) = 1 ∴ u 1 + u 2 = −2 + 1 + 0 = −1
− 9 + 6 − 1 –4
Hence, required value of k is 1. 0 1 − 2 + 0 −1
Alternate Solution Condition for the Since, A is a non-singular matrix, i.e.,
system of equations has no solution. 169 The number of values of k for
| A | ≠ 0, hence multiplying both sides by
a1 b1 c 1 A −1 (from RHS), we get
which the linear equations
= ≠ 4x + ky + 2z = 0, kx + 4y + z = 0 and
a2 b2 c 2 1
−1
A A (u 1 + u 2 ) = A 1 −1 2x + 2y + z = 0 posses a non-zero
k+ 1 8 4k
∴ = ≠ solution, is [AIEEE 2011]
k k + 3 3k − 1 0
(a) 2 (b) 1
k+ 1 8 −1
Take = 1 0 0 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
k k+3 ⇒ u 1 + u 2 = 2 1 0 × 1 …(i)
⇒ k 2 + 4k + 3 = 8k 3 2 1 0
⇒ k 2 − 4k + 3 = 0 Ans. (a)
⇒ (k − 1) (k − 3) = 0 1 0 0
1 0 Since, equation has non-zero solution.
k = 1, 3 Now, | A | = 2 1 0 = 1 × −0 + 0
2 1 ⇒ ∆ =0
8 4⋅ 1 3 2 1 4 k 2
If k = 1, then ≠ (not true)
1+ 3 2 ∴ k 4 1 =0
[by expanding the determinant along row 1]
8 4⋅3 2 2 1
If k = 3, then ≠ (true) ⇒ |A|=1
6 9− 1
Now, cofactor matrix of A (i.e., the matrix ⇒ 4 (4 − 2) − k (k − 2) + 2 (2k − 8) = 0
k =3 in which every element is replaced by ⇒ 8 − k 2 + 2k + 4k − 16 = 0
Hence, only one value of k exists. corresponding cofactor) ⇒ k 2 − 6k + 8 = 0
⇒ (k − 2) (k − 4) = 0 ⇒k = 2, 4
1 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 1
− Hence, number of values of k is two.
2 1 3 1 3 2
168 Let A = 2 1 0 . If u 1 and u 2 are
0 0 1 0 1 0 170 If the trivial solution is the only
3 2 1 = − − solution of the system of equations
2 1 3 1 3 2
column matrices such that x − ky + z = 0,
1 0 0 0 − 1 0 1 0
2 1
kx + 3y − kz = 0
Au 1 = 0 and Au 2 = 1 , then
1 0 2 0
and 3x + y − z = 0
1 −2 1
0 0
= 0 1 − 2 Then, the set of all values of k is
u 1 + u 2 is equal to [AIEEE 2012]
0 0 1
[AIEEE 2011]
−1 −1 (a) { 2 , − 3 } (b) R − { 2 , − 3}
−2
T
(a) 1 (b) 1 1 1 (c) R − { 2 } (d) R − { − 3}
∴ adj (A) = 0 1 − 2
0 −1 Ans. (b)
0 0 1 x − ky + z = 0, kx + 3y − kz = 0
−1 1
1 0 0 and 3x + y − z = 0 has trivial solution.
(c) −1 (d) −1
= −2 1 0 1 −k 1
0 −1
1 − 2 1 ⇒ k 3 − k ≠0
Ans. (d)
1 0 0 3 1 −1
Given Matrices are
⇒A −1 = −2 1 0
adj (A)
⇒ A −1 = ⇒ 1 (−3 + k) + k (− k + 3k) + 1 (k − 9) ≠ 0
1 0 0 1 |A|
1 − 2 1 ⇒ k − 3 + 2 k2 + k − 9 ≠ 0
A = 2 1 0 , Au 1 = 0 ⇒ 2 k 2 + 2 k − 12 ≠ 0
[Q | A | = 1]
3 2 1 0 ⇒ k2 + k − 6 ≠ 0
From Eq. (i), we get
0 −1 ⇒ (k + 3) (k − 2) ≠ 0
1 0 0 1
and Au 2 = 1 ∴ k ≠ 2, − 3
u 1 + u 2 = 2 1 0 × 1
0
3 2 1 0 k ∈ R − { 2, − 3 }
To Find Matrix u 1 + u 2
1 0 0 1 171 Consider the system of linear
= −2 1 0 × 1
Since, both Au 1 and Au 2 are given, hence equations
adding them, we get
1 0 1 + 0 1 −2 1 0 x 1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 3,
Au 1 + Au 2 = 0 + 1 = 0 + 1 2x 1 + 3x 2 + x 3 = 3
0 0 0 + 0 and 3x 1 + 5x 2 + 2x 3 = 1
The system has [AIEEE 2010] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 0 But α = 1 makes given three equations
Ans. (a) same. So, the system of equations has
(a) infinite number of solutions
infinite solution. So, answer isα = −2for
(b) exactly 3 solutions Given equations are which the system of equations has no
(c) a unique solution x − cy − bz = 0, solution.
(d) no solution cx − y + az = 0
and bx + ay − z = 0 174 If the system of linear equations
Ans. (d)
For non-zero solution, x + 2ay + az = 0,
The given system of linear equations can
1 −c −b x + 3by + bz = 0
be put in the matrix form as
c −1 a =0 and x + 4cy + cz = 0
1 2 1 x 1 3
2 3 1 x = 3 b a −1 has a non-zero solution, then a , b
2 ⇒ 1 (1 − a 2 ) + c (− c − ab) − b (ac + b) = 0 and c [AIEEE 2003]
3 5 2 x 3 1
⇒ 1 − a 2 − c 2 − abc − abc − b 2 = 0 (a) are in AP
1 2 1 x1 3 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2abc = 1 (b) are in GP
~ 0 − 1 − 1 x 2 = − 3
173 The system of equations (c) are in HP
0 − 1 − 1 x 3 − 8 (d) satisfy a + 2 b + 3c = 0
αx + y + z = α − 1,
by R 2 → R 2 − 2R 1 , Ans.
R → R − 3R x + αy + z = α − 1 (c)
3 3 1
and x + y + α z = α − 1 Since, the system of linear equations
1 2 1 x 1 3 has a non-zero solution, then
x = 3 has no solution, if α is [AIEEE 2005]
~ 0 1 1
1 2a a
2 (a) 1 (b) not –2 1 3b b = 0
0 0 0 x 3 5 (c) either –2 or 1 (d) –2 1 4c c
[by R 3 → R 3 − R 2 ] Ans. (d) Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 , R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , we
Clearly, the given system of equations get
The system of given equations has no
has no solution.
solution, if 1 2a a
Alternate Solution α 1 1
⇒ 0 3b − 2a b − a = 0
Subtracting the addition of first two 1 α 1 =0
equations from third equation, we get 0 4 c − 2a c − a
1 1 α
0 = − 5, which is an absurd result. ⇒ (3b − 2a)(c − a) − (4 c − 2a)(b − a) = 0
ApplyingC 1 → C 1 + C 2 + C 3 ,
Hence, the given system of equations ⇒ 3bc − 3ba − 2ac + 2a 2
α+2 1 1
has no solution. = 4bc − 2ab − 4ac + 2a 2
α + 2 α 1 =0 ⇒ 2ac = bc + ab
172 Let a , b and c be any real numbers. α+2 1 α
On dividing byabc both sides, we get
Suppose that there are real numbers Applying R 2 → R 2 − R 1 , R 3 → R 3 − R 1 , 2 1 1
= +
x, y, z not all zero such that 1 1 1 b a c
x = cy + bz, y = az + cx and (α + 2) 0 α − 1 0 =0 So, a , b and c are in HP.
z = bx + ay. Then, 0 0 α−1
a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2abc is equal to
[AIEEE 2008] ⇒ (α + 2)(α − 1) 2 = 0
∴ α = 1, − 2
You might also like
- Chapter 3 MATRICES PDF - c43f9693 Cfc7 40fb A558 E341e2d76c97No ratings yetChapter 3 MATRICES PDF - c43f9693 Cfc7 40fb A558 E341e2d76c9770 pages
- DDP - Solution - JEE ADVANCED - Matrices & DeterminantsNo ratings yetDDP - Solution - JEE ADVANCED - Matrices & Determinants10 pages
- JEE Main & JEE Advanced Work Sheet - MathematicsNo ratings yetJEE Main & JEE Advanced Work Sheet - Mathematics184 pages
- Question Bank Class 12 Applied Maths SolutionsNo ratings yetQuestion Bank Class 12 Applied Maths Solutions92 pages
- DPP Sols 2.0 Matrices & Determinants (New Syllabus)No ratings yetDPP Sols 2.0 Matrices & Determinants (New Syllabus)8 pages
- Maths Notes Xii Determinants Board Exam Imp QaNo ratings yetMaths Notes Xii Determinants Board Exam Imp Qa10 pages
- Differential Equations - Theory and Applications100% (1)Differential Equations - Theory and Applications425 pages
- Sequence and Series - Practice Sheet - JEE ChallengersNo ratings yetSequence and Series - Practice Sheet - JEE Challengers6 pages
- M2-SR MPC All (Cat-B & C) Revison Assignment Matrices & Determinants - (11-11-2024 To 16-11-2024)No ratings yetM2-SR MPC All (Cat-B & C) Revison Assignment Matrices & Determinants - (11-11-2024 To 16-11-2024)4 pages
- IIT Maths 2025 Matrices and Determinants SolutionNo ratings yetIIT Maths 2025 Matrices and Determinants Solution8 pages
- Matrices - DPP 02 (Of Lec 03) - Prayas JEE 2.0 2024No ratings yetMatrices - DPP 02 (Of Lec 03) - Prayas JEE 2.0 20243 pages
- Entanglement Between A Two-Level System and A Quantum Harmonic OscillatorNo ratings yetEntanglement Between A Two-Level System and A Quantum Harmonic Oscillator8 pages
- KCET2021 Complete Analysis and Study PlanNo ratings yetKCET2021 Complete Analysis and Study Plan4 pages
- Chapter 19 Numerical Differentiation: Taylor Polynomials Lagrange InterpolationNo ratings yetChapter 19 Numerical Differentiation: Taylor Polynomials Lagrange Interpolation29 pages
- 1.8: Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities: Section Outline100% (1)1.8: Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities: Section Outline3 pages
- Fourier Analysis: N N FX A A X B X Period F P P PNo ratings yetFourier Analysis: N N FX A A X B X Period F P P P2 pages
- Finite Element Method: Catalog DescriptionNo ratings yetFinite Element Method: Catalog Description3 pages
- Year 7 Autumn 2 Algebraic Notation Mini Assessment A 2No ratings yetYear 7 Autumn 2 Algebraic Notation Mini Assessment A 22 pages
- Volterra Filters For Edge Enhancement: A General Framework For QuadraticNo ratings yetVolterra Filters For Edge Enhancement: A General Framework For Quadratic14 pages
- Applications of The Wronskian To Ordinary Linear Differential EquationsNo ratings yetApplications of The Wronskian To Ordinary Linear Differential Equations7 pages
- Additional Questions Chapter 1.9 - 1.10 PDFNo ratings yetAdditional Questions Chapter 1.9 - 1.10 PDF11 pages
- MSC 1 Sem Mathematics Topology 1 11168 Summer 2019No ratings yetMSC 1 Sem Mathematics Topology 1 11168 Summer 20192 pages
- A Light Discussion and Derivation of EntropyNo ratings yetA Light Discussion and Derivation of Entropy4 pages
- COMP3121 2 Basic Tools For Analysis of AlgorithmsNo ratings yetCOMP3121 2 Basic Tools For Analysis of Algorithms23 pages
- Matrix Theory and Applications for Scientists and EngineersFrom EverandMatrix Theory and Applications for Scientists and EngineersNo ratings yet
