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2.

Aryabhata

He was born in 476 CE at Kusumapura.

He was regarded as the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age.

 Aryabhaṭiya and Arya-Siddhanta were his known works.


 He worked on the ‘place value system’ using letters to signify numbers and stating qualities.
 He discovered the position of the 9 planets and found that these planets revolve around the sun.
 He also described the number of days in a year to be 365.
Aryabhata, also known as Aryabhata I, was a prominent mathematician and astronomer
during the Gupta Era of India (320–550 CE), which is often referred to as the Classical Age
of India. Let’s explore some key points about his life and contributions:
1. Name and Birthplace:
o His name is properly spelled Aryabhata, although there is a common
tendency to misspell it as “Aryabhatta.”
o Aryabhata was born around 476 CE in Kusumapura, which is present-
day Patna, Bihar, India1.
2. Contributions:
o Mathematics: Aryabhata made significant contributions to mathematics. He
defined trigonometric functions, solved simultaneous quadratic equations,
and found approximations for the value of π (pi). He also realized that π
is irrational2.
3. Astronomy: Aryabhata’s works include the Āryabhaṭīya, which mentions that
in 3600 Kali Yuga (499 CE), he was 23 years old. He also wrote the Arya-
siddhanta.
4. Scientific Insights:
o Aryabhata explained the phenomenon of lunar eclipses and solar eclipses.
o He proposed the rotation of Earth on its axis.
o Aryabhata discussed the reflection of light by the Moon.
o He introduced sinusoidal functions.
o Aryabhata provided a solution for a single-variable quadratic equation.
o He calculated the value of π correct to 4 decimal places.
o Aryabhata estimated the diameter of Earth and the length of the sidereal
year
5. Legacy:
o Aryabhata’s work influenced subsequent mathematicians and astronomers,
including Lalla, Bhaskara I, and Brahmagupta.
o His most enduring contribution is the digit “0” (zero), which he introduced to
the world. This concept revolutionized mathematics and remains fundamental
to this day3.
In summary, Aryabhata’s groundbreaking work in mathematics and astronomy continues to
inspire generations, and his legacy lives on through his contributions to science and the digit
zero.

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