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Binary Representation

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15 views7 pages

Binary Representation

Uploaded by

Sadev Arundaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binary

Representation
Binary is the language of computers. Binary consists of these 1
(on) and 0s(off). Using binary we represent: - Text
Numbers
Images or Photos
Sound
A place value table allows a decimal number to be converted to its
binary equivalent. When a computer represent 4 bit, bit 8 or 16
bit data, each is created by turning on (1) or off (0).
4 bit binary can represent 16 characters. It can represent number
from 0-15.

Binary computing
Any digital device only understands the language of binary.
What are transistors?
Transistors is type of switch which controls the flow of electricity
in the circuit switching it on or off. Higher the number In 1954, the first
of transistors allows more complex data to be transistors- based
processed. computer, the
How to convert analogue sound to binary? TRADIC, contained
around 700
To convert the analogue sound to digital, the transistors. In 2020,
sound the Apple M1
clip is sampled. This means that the sound processor contained
wave is recorded at regular time interval. around 16 billion
transistors
Increasing the sampling rate (the number of samples
per second) increase the amount of data and creates
a more accurate version.

Converting from Binary to


Denary
Base 2 (binary) uses 0 and 1
Base 10 (denary) uses 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Both denary and binary use place value to show the value of each
digit in the number.
How to convert denary to binary in both base 2 and 10?
Base 2
The values of the columns in the binary system are powers of 2.
The value of each column increases by the power of 2 from right
to left.
Base 10
The values of the column in the denary number system are
powers of 10. The value of each column increases by the power
10 from right to left.
Conversions using an 8-bit binary table
An 8-bit binary sequence contains eight digits and can be used to
represent the numbers 0-255.
8-bit computer games from the 1980s and 1990s are still popular
today. They were created using 8-bit binary systems, which
meant they could use a maximum of 256 colours. Creating
modern graphics in this style is still popular and is called pixel art.
Ex:- Pac man
Flappy bird

Converting denary to binary


One method of converting a denary number to binary number is
to repeatedly divide by two.
1. Divide the denary by two. Write down the remainder (1 or
0) as a binary digit
2. Repeat this process until there is no longer a whole number
left to divide.
3. Write the remainder digits, from right to left, to make the
binary number.
4. Check by adding together the place values.

Note:-
The denary 39 and etc converts to a binary number with only 6
digits. To make an 8-bit binary number, we need to write zeros in
the other two places: 0010011
In binary, the least significant bit (LSB) is the digit with lowest
value. The LSB is the digit furthest to the right. The most
significant (MSB) is the digit with the highest value. The MSB is
the digit furthest to the left.

1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

MSB LSB
LSB
The LSB is 1, with a value of 1
The MSB is 1, with a value of 128

ASCII and Unicode


Character sets were created as shortcuts for commonly used
words to save programming time.
What is ASCII?
ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information
Interchange. It was originally created as English language 7-bit
sequences representing the decimal number 0-127.
What is Unicode?
Many languages use characters and symbols that are different to
those used in English. Unicode has 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit
versions, to allow for additional characters to be added in the
future.

Character set facts


ASCII was originally 7-bit but expanded to 8-bit, allowing 256
characters.
In 2020 there were around 150,000 characters in the Unicode
character set.
Emojis are now included in the Unicode character set. New emojis
are added each year.
IP Address
IP address (Internal Protocol address) is the unique address that
identifies a computer device on a network on any size even the
internet.
How we use IP address?
This is because network server around the world is connected to
the DNS (Domain Name System).They connect IP addresses to
website address that are easier for people to read and remember.
This how a computer opens the correct website.
1. You type a website address to your web browser
2. The website has a unique IP address
3. The computer makes the link between the address and the
IP address of the website hosting this website
4. Your browser displays the correct website

There are two types IP address


Static: - A fixed permanent IP address but are difficult to maintain
Dynamic: - Constantly changing address assigned be a network or
router.
The total of the unique IP address if over 4 billion

Data Packets
Packet switching is breaking large chunks of data into small
pieces of binary (data packets).
Data packets consists bits of binary code.

Packet header
Stores the data where
the data, from whom it
is send and etc.

Packet body
Stores the actual piece
of information

Packet footer
Signals the end of the data
packet and checks if the packet
is complete

Network speeds
Bandwidth:-How much data is transferred per second
Network: - Network speed a measure of how quickly a file would
uploaded or downloaded
LAN- Local Area Network CPU – Central Processing Unit
Network speeds are measured in bytes per a second

1 character bit – 1 bit


1000 bit – 1 kilobit (Kb)
1000 kilobit – 1 megabit (Mb)
1000 megabit – 1 gigabit (Gb)
Network speeds are measured in bits per second but document
storage is measured in bytes.
8 bits – 1 byte
24 bits – 3 byte
Therefore, to convert from bits to bytes divide by 8.
Usually, download speed is quicker than upload speed. Internet
service provides does this as users download things more they
upload. This why mostly download speed is quicker than the
upload speed.

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