GROUP PROJECT

STA104

SURVEY ABOUT POPULAR GENRE OF MUSIC

AMONG ACCOUNTING STUDENTS IN UiTM JENGKA
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, thanks to Allah S.W.T for giving us the opportunity to complete this group
project for STA104. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to all of those who
provided us the possibility to complete this report. Next, we would like to take this opportunity
to give a special gratitude to our lecturer, Miss Fadila Amira Binti Razali for all those advices
and information which guided us to finish this assignment.

Moreover, we would also like to thanks all five of the members who gave full
cooperation and commitment to complete the task. Through this project, we had gained more
information on how to collect the data and also analyze the data.

It also enables us to have deeper understanding toward the subject and the important
of the well-presented data for analysis and interpretation without requiring intensive study.

Last but not least, we would like to thank our family and friends who gave us a moral
support and help us a lot in finalizing this project within the time given. Without all of them, this
project will be not successful.
CONTENT OF PROJECT

NO. CONTENT PAGES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of study 1

1.2 Objectives of study 2

2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Description of Data

Population 3

Sample 3

Sampling technique 3-4

Data collection method 5-6

The descriptions on the variables 7

 2.2 Method of analysis 8-10

3.0 FINDINGS 11-15

4.0 CONCLUSION 16

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Music is a form of art that combines vocal or instrumental sounds to create a

composition. Music can make one's life happier and less depressing. It is because melody
music can lift one's spirits. There are so many facts about music that people should know.
First of all, it may well help you think better, analyze matters faster, and work more efficiently.
Secondly, music stimulates the areas of the brain that are responsible for your thinking,
planning, and analyzing, thereby improving your organizational skills and making you more
capable of handling challenging math problems. Lastly, studies have shown that music triggers
notable improvements in a student's academic skills when they listen to certain types of music
while they are studying.

Everyone has their taste for the music they love and preferred the most. The most
popular genre type of music that people often hear is a pop genre. For examples of the pop
genre is Shake It Off by Taylor Swift, Sugar by Maroon 5, Shape of You by Ed Sheeran and
other more.

This study aims to identify the numbers of students who listen to music and students'
taste in music. This study only focusses on students from Faculty of Accountancy UiTM
Jengka, Pahang Branch. It is because students always listen to music to do such things, such
as assignment, slideshow for presentations, study, and so many more. Students tend to listen
to music while studying because it can help them to generate more ideas. Music involves with
student's life. Music really can affect a student's life.
 1

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

i. To identify the most genre of music that students like.

ii. To identify the level of student enjoyment in listening to music.

iii. To identify the estimate time for daily usage of music.

iv. To identify whether they prefer local or international musician.

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2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF DATA

The data that have been collected can be divided into five main things include
population, sample, sampling technique, data collection method and description of variables.
Firstly, this study will explain about what is the meaning of population and what is their
population based on the data result. The definition of population is all elements of a defined
group under consideration in a study. Before spreading the questionnaire, the best way for
this study is to focus on a small scope as it is easier than focus on a bigger scope. In this
study, all students at UiTM Jengka Branch who are from accountancy faculty are the
population.

Secondly, the process that need to be apply in this study is to take a sample from the
data. Basically, sample is a subset or subgroup selected from a population. Out of all the
population, only 100 respondents respond to the questionnaire and that is the sample for this
study. It is not considered as a big problem because the accumulated number of respondents
is sufficient for the data to be collected. Another reason is too many respondents may cause
a little bit of difficulty to take the data.

Next, after stated the population and sample above, the other process needed is to
focus on sampling technique that want to use for this study. Sampling technique is a process
where the most suitable method is chosen to select the sample. It is so important because
that the sample represents the population. There are many sampling techniques that might be
use to represent the data such as simple random sampling (SRS), systematic sampling
technique, stratified sampling technique, cluster sampling technique, multistage sampling
technique, convenient sampling technique, quota sampling technique and the last one is
judgmental sampling technique. Out of all these sampling techniques, the best sampling
technique need to be chosen for the data. After consider which one is the best sampling
technique for the data, the last decision made for this study is to apply systematic sampling
technique because it is so suitable for the data compared to another sampling technique.
There are some steps to apply this sampling technique.

1) List of all 489 accountancy students at UiTM Jengka Branch.

2) Label each pop with numbers.

3) Population
(N) = 489 , Sample (n) = 100

I = 489/100

I=5

4) Sample will be select at random between 1-5.

5) Suppose number 3 is selected, the next item that will be in the sample is item number
3+5, 8+5, 13+5, 18+5 and 23+5.

6) The sample selected were 3, 8, 13, 18, 23 and 28.

 4
DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Online questionnaires

Data collection method that were chosen was using online questionnaires. Online
survey, is one of the most popular data-collection sources, where a set of survey questions is
sent out to a target sample and the members of this sample can respond to the questions over
the worldwide web. This method is very popular so it is easy to attract students to answer the
questionnaire. It is also a cheap way to reach respondents. Plus, questionnaires can be used
to ask questions that have closed-ended answers. Data gathered from questionnaires can
also be analyzed in many ways. After considering all of the possible ways to collect the data,
the best ways to collect the data are by using online questionnaires, email questionnaires or
telephone interviews. Online questionnaires are the best method to be compare with other
both methods. This is because if we use email questionnaire, we will get lower rate of response
compared by using online questionnaires. Telephone interviews method also not the best
choice because it is difficult to get people to elaborate on their responses by phone. The
reason is that most phone interviews must be limited to five or 10 minutes. People would
hang up with longer telephone surveys, resulting in partially completed interviews.

Online questionnaires can take many forms and be used for many purposes. There
are many advantages using this method. One of them is respondents will get enough time
to complete the questionnaires. Other than that, they also cheaper and faster compared to
other method because information is being gathered automatically and do not have to wait
for the questionnaires come back to us which mean the response time is almost
instant. By using online questionnaires also reduces the research costs which mean can
save money on the postage and we also do not have to divide time and resources to enter
the answer into our collected data. The disadvantage using this method is when the
respondents did not understand the question in the questionnaires since there will be no one
to help or help them in answering the questions.

In designing a questionnaire, the construction of the questionnaire should be able to

encourage participation from the respondents. To be meaningful, surveys and questionnaires
need to be carefully planned because a poorly designed questionnaire will lead the study
nowhere quickly. All of the questions must be kept simple and phrased to imply the same
meaning to all the possible respondents. Plus, the questions should be organized
systematically and have a natural logical sequence that the respondents can appreciate.

The first thing in making a questionnaire is drafting the question that will be placed in
the questionnaire. Every question been put in the questionnaire must be link and related
with the objective and particular aims of the survey. After that, the simple kind of questions
and straightforward question without making the respondents face a difficulty is the biggest
step in making the respondents to answer the questionnaire. All of the question did not need
any calculation to answer the questionnaire. Google forms is the platform in forming the
questionnaire. Google forms make it uncomplicated to collect information from the people via
personalized quizzes or surveys. Also, Google forms can connect the info to a spreadsheet
on sheets to automatically record the answers. And since Google Forms is an online tool,
make it easier to collaborate with multiple people on the same form in real-time so that each
one of my members can easily can check the result of the survey. Before using the Google
forms, you have to sign up for a Google account. In creating a Google forms, many choices in
the types of answering the questions. All of the questions in the questionnaire are using
multiple choice which mean that people choose between a set of options which is one answer
per question.

Lastly, after completed creating a form, it is time to spread it out and get some
responses. The questionnaire can be spread via email, a direct link, on your social media
account, or embed it into the website. Blast the Google Forms through WhatsApp is the best
step in getting the respondent to answer the questionnaire . WhatsApp platform is known
widely because the student commonly will communicate with others using WhatsApp so the
result of the surveys will be easily collected if we blast our form in there.

DESCRIPTION OF DATA

Description of Section Item Types Of Measurement

Variable Scale

Gender Question 1 Qualitative Nominal

Age Question 2 Quantitative Ratio

Level of Enjoyment Question 3 Qualitative Ordinal

Type of Genre Question 4 Qualitative Nominal

Preferred Musician Question 5 Qualitative Ordinal

Type of Application Question 6 Qualitative Nominal

Time spend Question 7 Quantitative Interval

Purpose of listening to music Question 8 Qualitative Nominal

 7

2.2 METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Method of analysis is very important to make sure if data that has been collected will
be well presented for analysis and interpretation. It is vital to finding the answers to research
the questions. There are various methods that can be used to display the data for example
pie chart, bar chart and central of tendency.

The first objective of the research is to study of what kind genre that most of the
students listen and decided to use simple bar chart as a method to analyze the data. This is
because this chart is very suitable for presenting only one variable and is it is usually used to
compare different categories. It is easier to see which items are taking the largest chunk of
data collected by glancing at the above chart or known as mode. Bar chart is a graph with
rectangular bars. The bar in the simple bar chart normally separated and it is also a chart that
consist of vertical and horizontal bars with equal width but variable length. Although the graphs
can be plotted vertically bars standing up or horizontally bars laying flat from left to right, the
most usual type of bar graph is vertical. Besides that, the horizontal (x) axis represents the
categories while the vertical (y) axis represents a value for those categories. Bar charts are
typically used to display variables on a nominal or ordinal scale. It is very popular form of
information graphics often used in research articles, textbooks and popular media to visually
display relationships and trends in data.

After that, the method of analysis used to collect data from the second objective ‘level
of student enjoyment in listening to music’ is by using central of tendency to present the data
accurately. This method chosen because it helps in order to determine the typical numerical
point in a set of data. The data points of any sample are distributed on a range from lowest
value to the highest value. Measures of central tendency tell researchers where the center
value lies in the distribution of data. Besides, it is provided a summary measure that attempts
to describe a whole set of data with a single value that represents the middle or center of its
distribution. Central of tendency also sometimes called measures of central location. There
are three main measures of central tendency which are the mean, the median and the mode.
Each of these measures calculates the location of the central point using a different method.

The mean or also the average of a set of measurement is the most common measures
of central tendency. Mean is represented by the Greek letter, µ that pronounced as ‘miu’ for
the population. Moreover, it is presented as 𝑋 pronounced as X bar. The arithmetic mean of a
set of observed data is defined as being equal to the sum of the numerical values of each and
every observation divided by the total number of observations. Mean value will also change if
any value in the data changed. There are also have disadvantages to the mean as a measure
of central tendency that it is not appropriate to use when the data is skewed, rather than being
of a normal distribution. Furthermore, the value of the mean may be different when calculating
mean for the grouped data and ungrouped data. Last but not least, mean is unlike the median
and mode it cannot be found graphically.

Other than that, median is a value that is exactly in the middle position of the list when
the data values are ranked according to ascending or descending order. The median mean
50% of all the observations is less than the median value and the other 50% is more than the
median value. It is also known as second quartile. Since the median represented by symbol
 , it will be pronounced as X tilde. Firstly, to find the median, order the data from smallest to
𝑋
largest, and then find the data point that has an equal amount of values above it and below it.
The method for locating the median varies slightly depending on whether your data set has
an even or odd number of values. The pros of the median are it always exists and unique,
extreme value do not affect its value and it can be used for open-ended classes. The cons of
this measurement are ones does not need to know all the values to compute the median and
it is not suitable for mathematical treatment in advanced work.

Modal value or well known as mode is the observation that occurs most often or has
the largest frequency in a data set. The mode is an appropriate measure to use with
categorical data. Mode is represented by symbols 𝑋 that pronounced as X hat. In a data set,
there could be no mode, one mode or more than one mode. It can be computed for quantitative
and qualitative variable. The advantages of the mode are easy to understand, it is an actual
value and it can be used to describe both quantitative and qualitative data while the
disadvantages are it is not suitable for other kind of statistical calculation and it can be more
than one modal value in a data set.

Last but not least, in order to interpret the estimated time of music daily usage that
have been collected is by using histogram method. Theoretically, histogram is a graphical
display that represent data that make use the value of frequency for each class. Histogram of
a frequency distribution are made of a vertical bar graph of the class frequencies. The
horizontal line of a histogram represents the class boundaries of the data and for the vertical
line it shows the class frequencies while along the horizontal or also known as x-axis that will
display the classes by labelling the class boundaries that are marked at equal interval. A
histogram should contain no space between the bars and for an unequal class width there’s
must be extra calculation to taken care of to determine the frequency destiny. The frequency
destiny is used as the height for the bar instead off a class frequency. histogram is only used
to plot the frequency of score occurrences in a continuous data set that has been divided into
classes, called bins.
 10

3.0 FINDINGS

SIMPLE BAR CHART

NU MB ER OF ST U DENT S FAVOURIT E GENRE

70

60
Number of students

50

40

30

20

10

0
Pop R&B Hip Hop Rock EDM Other
Genre

Diagram 1

Simple bar chart above visualized the differences between the genres of music that
most students like. There are five genres of music that have been listed on the questionnaires
and other is added by the respondents. Based on the diagram, most of the respondents voted
other genre which is consist of 66% represented 66 number of students. There are many other
genres that have been listed such as instrumental, ballad, nasyeed and Korean pop or simply
known as K-POP. Next, 46 respondents love to listen to pop kind music genre. The differences
between the R&B and EDM genres are not significant as it shown only 13 respondents voted
R&B and 11 respondents voted EDM. There are only 7% of respondents voted for hip hop.
Lastly, the least favorite genre of music that has been voted is rock which is only 5 respondents
consist of 5% of 100 students of Accountancy in UiTM Jengka.

11

CENTRAL OF TENDENCY

Level of Number of Cumulative Midpoint Class size

enjoyment students frequency
(frequency)
0-1 1 1 0.5 1
1-2 1 2 1.5 1
2-3 5 7 2.5 1
3-4 27 34 3.5 1
4-5 66 100 4.5 1

∑𝑓𝑥
Mean = 𝑥 =
𝑛
1(0.5) + 1(1.5) + 5(2.5) + 27(3.5) + 66(4.5)
100
=

406
100
=

= 4.06

=4

𝛴𝑓
−∑𝑓𝑚−1
Median = 𝑥
 = 𝐿𝑚 + [ 2
𝑓𝑚
]⋅𝐶

𝑛 100
2
=
2
= = 50

50−34
4+[ ]⋅1
66
=
 = 4 + 0.2424

= 4.2424

12
𝛥1
Mode = 𝑥
 = 𝐿𝑚𝑜 + [ ]⋅𝑐
𝛥1 +𝛥2

66−27
+[ ]⋅1
(66−27)+(66−0)
=5

39
= 5 +( ) .1
39+66
= 5 + 0.3714
= 5.3714

All of these measures of central tendency are a single value that represents the whole
set of data. The table shows that 100 of students UiTM Jengka Branch from Faculty of
Accountancy who enjoy listening to music. From the measures of central tendency above,
firstly that could be found is mean which is the summation of multiplication between the
frequency and the observation, then divided with the total number of observations. Using
mean, the average level of enjoyment by the 100 students is level 4. Secondly is median.
Median help us to find the middle position of the data. It can be concluded that 50% of the
students enjoyed listening to music more than level 4 and another 50% of the students enjoyed
listening to music less than level 4. Lastly, mode is the value that occur most frequent. Using
central of tendency, conclusion that could be made is most of the students choose level 5 in
rating the level of their enjoyment in listening to the music.
 13

HISTOGRAM

NU M BE R OF STU DE NTS WHO SPE ND THE IR TI ME ON

LI ST ENI NG TO M US IC
35

30
Number of students

25

20

15

10

0
1 2 3 4 5
Time (hours)

Diagram 2

Diagram 2 above shows 100 of students UiTM Jengka Branch from faculty of
accountancy who spend hours listening to music. From the histogram above, it was found the
highest number of people who spend time listening to music that most of the respondents
voted were 1 - 2 hours which consists of 33% that represented by 33 number of students.
Next, the second-highest of the respondents voted is 2 - 3hour period which is consists of 24
students. The differences between 0-1 hours and 3-4 hours are not significant as it has shown
only 17 respondents voted for 0-1 hours while 16 respondents voted for 3-4 hours. Lastly, the
smallest number of students who spend hours listening to music that has been voted is within
4-5 hours, which is only 10 respondents consist of 10% of 100 students of Accountancy in
UiTM Jengka.

14

PIE CHART

Preference of Musician

4%

37%

59%

Local International Both

Diagram 3

Diagram 3 shows the preference of musician among 100 students at UiTM Jengka Branch
who are from Accountancy Faculty. From the chart pie above, most of the respondents voted
both musician which is consist of 59% represented 59 number of students. Next, 37% of
students are like international artist rather than local artist. The international musician that they
like might be Halsey, Maroon 5, Bruno Mars, Shawn Mendes and many more. While the lowest
number of students who like local musician rather than international artist is only 4% of 100
students. The local musician that they like might be Faizal Tahir, Dayang Nurfaizah, Dato’ Sri
Siti Nurhaliza, Yuna and many more. To conclude, it is respondent’s choice to select the
preference of musician because both local musician and international musician were always
tried to release the best single and album for their fans to listen of.

15

4.0 CONCLUSION

For the conclusion of all the data that have been collected, firstly is the simple bar chart
that is visualized by the genres of music. The data that have been conclude that most of the
student liked other genres that collected 66% that represent 66 people out of 100 people liked
others genres while the collected data also shows that rock is the least favorite genre that
been voted 5%. The R&B collected 13 % and EDM is not so significant that is 11% while hip-
hop is at 9%.

Secondly, the measure of central tendency is taken from students who enjoy listening to
music. The mean for the data shows the average level of enjoyment by the students is at level
4. The median concludes that 50% of students enjoy listening to music more than level 4 while
other 50% of student enjoy listening to music less than level 4. The mode that have been
calculated shows that the students chose level 5 in rating the level of enjoyment in listening to
music.

Thirdly, using histogram most student who spend time on music voted 1-2 hours a day
that have collected 33% out of 100 of students. With second in place is 2-3 hours a day that
is voted at 24%. The third in place is voted at 0-1 hours a day with 17% and not so far behind
is fourth place 3-4 hours a day that voted at 16%. The last place is voted at 4-5hours a day
with 10%. The data is collected from 100 students of accountancy in UiTM Jengka.

Lastly is by using pie chart to collect data the preference of musician among student of
accountancy UiTM Jengka. From the data collected we conclude that most student liked both
international and local musician with the 59%. With second in lead is voted International
Musician at 37% and at the last place is local musician that only have 4%. This conclude that
most student liked both the international and local musician from student of accountancy from
UiTM Jengka.

16