Module 3 - Transportation Planning
Module 3 - Transportation Planning
Module 3 - Transportation Planning
TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW
PLANNING
The purpose of this module is to describe the basic
characteristic of transportation planning and to present the
basic elements of the transportation planning process. This will
discuss also the basic concepts in Transportation Systems
Modeling.
.
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BASIC ELEMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
First and foremost, transportation planning is a process.
This means that it consist of well-defined tasks that must be
accomplished before the final set of information is presented to
those who must decide which course of action is best for an
agency, region or community.
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Collect and Maintain Transportation System Data
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Identify System Deficiencies or Opportunities
Evaluate Alternatives
Implement Plan
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Tripmaking Is a Function of Land Use. The concept of
derived demand is a critical point of departure in model
development. Most models are developed on the assumption
that tripmaking is related to the types of land use at the origin
and destination ends of the trip.
Trips Are Made at Different Times of the Day. The basis for
most modeling is the determination of the origin and
destination patterns in the study area. These patterns will
clearly differ by time of day in that different types of trips are
being made at different times of the day. Thus modeling is
often done with an origin-destination trip table (a matrix that
indicates the trip patterns) that represents defined time periods.
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Figure 3-2. Representation of a Transportation Network
Source: Highway Engineering by P. H. Wright and K. K. Dixon
Trip Generation
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Studies have shown that the rate of tripmaking is closely
related to three characteristics of land use:
1) Intensity of land use (e.g. dwelling units per acre,
employees per acre, etc.)
2) Character of land use (e.g. average family income, car
ownership, etc.), and
3) Location relative to major economic activities (e.g.
closeness to downtown)
Different methods thus relate tripmaking rates to these types of
variables.
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An illustration of cross classification analysis is shown in Figure
3-3. In this case data were available from the Census on the
number of persons per household and household income and
the corresponding number of trips made per household type.
By estimating the number of future households and applying
the calculated trip rates, the future number of trips produced in
this zone can be calculated.
= 57.2 + 0.87( )
where:
Ti = total number of trips produced in zone i
Aj = total number of trips attracted to zone j
Pi = total population for zone i
DUi = total number dwelling units for zone i
Ai = total number of automobiles in zone i
Ej = total employment in zone j
Trip Distribution
( )
= (3 − 1)
+ +⋯+
( ) ( ) ( )
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Consider the following numerical example. Given a
residential zone that produces a total of 110 shopping trips per
day, distribute these trips to shopping centers 1, 2, 3 in
accordance with the gravity model. Distances between zones
are shown on the sketch. The value of n in the gravity model is
2. Use the amount of commercial floor space within the
destination zone as the measure of attractiveness.
Floor Space
Shopping Center ( thousand ft2 )
1 184
2 215
3 86
184
(8)
1= 110 = 16
184 215 86
+ +
(8) (4) (5)
215
(4)
2= 110 = 75
184 215 86
+ +
(8) (4) (5)
86
(5)
3= 110 = 19
184 215 86
+ +
(8) (4) (5)
_______
Total Trips = 110
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Mode Split Models
= (3 − 2)
∑
ℎ = ℎ
=
=
= −0.1( ) − 0.05( )
= −5.0 − 0.1( )
ℎ =
=
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Assume that we know that the travel time for auto is 5
minutes, for bus 15 minutes and for walking 20 minutes. The
corresponding cost are $0.60 for auto and $0.50 for bus.
Substituting these numbers into the utility equations results in
the following estimates of modal utilities:
.
= = 0.114
. + . + .
.
= = 0.043
. + . + .
Given the 1,000 trips between these two zones, one would
predict that 842 would use the automobile, 114 would use the
bus and 43 would walk.
In some cases, such as small urban areas, the mode
split step is not used in the modeling process because there
are few alternative modes. The auto is the only way of making
a trip. In larger urban areas, however, mode split is an
important step in the modeling process.
Trip Assignment
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Figure 3-4. Graphical representation of link performance
Source: Highway Engineering by P. H. Wright and K. K. Dixon
STUDENT ACTIVITY:
Note: (Pls indicate on your answer sheets your Name, Subject, Module #,
Activity #, type of exam , etc.)
Use A4 size bond paper for your answer sheets. Submit your Student
Activity/Assessment (hardcopy and handwritten) to
* thru the UEP municipal link or university main link
* any mode that will be deemed safe for you and me, on or before Sept 27,
2021.
REFERENCES
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep/tribaltrans/consult.htm
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