Communication Skills-II

Various Methods of Communication

S-1.Verbal Communication
S-2. Nonverbal Communication
S-3.Visual Communication

Descriptive and Specific Feedback

S-1. Communication Cycle and importance of Feedback
S-2. Meaning and importance of Feedback
S-3. Descriptive Feedback-Written comments or Conversations
S-4. Specific and nonspecific feedback

Measures to Overcome Barriers in Communication

S-1. Barriers to effective communication –Types and Factors
S-2. Measures to Overcome Barriers in Communication.

Principles of Communication
S-1. Principles of effective communication
S-2. 7Cs of effective communication

Basic Writing Skills

S-1. Writing Skills
S-2. Sentence
S-3. Phrase
S-4. Kinds of Sentences
S-5. Parts of Sentence
S-6. Parts of Speech
S-7. Articles
S-8. Construction of a Paragraph

Communication- Communication means to transmit the message from one source to another source. It is a way to
express our needs to humans and animals by auditory means such as verbal, nonverbal or visual.
Verbal Communication- It is a way to share our thoughts with others by using words in a mutually understandable
language such as English, Hindi, and French etc.
Components that make our verbal communication effective are-Listening, language competency, vocabulary,
general awareness, domain knowledge etc
Non-Verbal Communication-- It is a way to share our thoughts using gesture, sign language, facial expressions and
body language.
Components that make non-verbal communication effective are –
 Body language-gesture , posture, tone of voice, thumbs-ups
 Kinesics-the interpretation of the movement of the body.
 Proxemics-how we use physical space in our day to day interaction
 Haptics-communication such as hand shake,hug,angry slap etc
 Paralinguistic-unconscious use of vocal sound-pause, silence, noise
 Chronemics-use time in a disciplined manners
 Olfactics-sense of smell.
Visual Communication – It is also known as graphics communication. It enables visual presentation of the information. Eg-
charts, graphs, maps,icons, emotions etc
Advantages of visual communication-
 It brings receiver’s attention to the information we are sharing.
 It clarifies the meaning of our discussion.
 It allows gain and regain of our audience attention.
 It adds variety to our written or oral discussion.
Disadvantages of Visual communication-
 Limited scope
 Too brief
 Sometimes not easy to understand
 Not cost effective
 Prone to misinterpretation
 Provide Descriptive and Specific Feedback
Communication Cycle and importance of feedback
Sender Idea Message Encoding Communication Receivers Decoding
(Source) Channels (Target)

Sender Receivers

Feedback

Meaning and importance of feedback

Feedback is the receiver’s response, which enables the sender to evaluate the effectiveness of his message.
The process of communication finishes only when the cycle ends with feedback.
Importance of feedback-
i. Feedback makes communication meaningful
ii. Feedback completes a communication process
iii. Feedback shows the effectiveness of communication
iv. Feedback is the end result of an idea
v. Feedback is a basis for future planning
Descriptive Feedback-Written comments or conversations
Feedback can be descriptive or prescriptive
Descriptive feedback describes one’s action-good or not so good.
Eg- your communication style is good your non-verbal communication are not so good.
Prescriptive feedback provides you advice, how you should communicate. You spoke very fast. Slow down your
speaking speed etc.
Descriptive Feedback: It is a Specific information in the form of written comments or conversations that help the
learner understand what she or he needs to do in order to improve.
It has two types- Formative and Summative
Formative Feedback-It is given throughout the learning process. It determines how students are progressing
through a certain learning goal and used to ‘correct’ a person of his mistakes.
Eg- when you write bad handwriting you teacher gives you a formative feedback saying ’improve your handwriting’.
to get better marks in the exam.
Summative Feedback is given at the end of the year used to evaluate student’s learning. This type of feedback is
meant to evaluate a person and accordingly reward him for good action and punish for the mistakes.
Eg- when you write in bad handwriting and your teacher fails you in the exam. He gives you summative feedback in
the form of marks.
Specific and Non Specific Feedback
Specific feedback provides detailed and complete information on what you did well or poorly.
Nonspecific feedback simple said ‘good job, you did great.’ it is not very helpful.
Measures to Overcome Barriers in Communication
Barriers to effective communication- anything that prevents smooth communication of a message either at the
sender’s end or receiver’s end is a barrier to communication. Such barrier cause communication failure.
Types of communication barriers
i. Intra personal communication barriers-these barriers are within us and our control. It may be caused
due to socio economic or cultural background.
ii. Interpersonal communication barriers-these factors are present in the external environment. Like lack
of trust, aggressive or disruptive message delivery by the sender.
iii. Environmental based communication barriers- these barriers may result due to various elements such
as stuffy (smelly) rooms with poor seating arrangement, huge audience etc
Factors causing communication barriers-
i. Lack of planning
ii. Lack of trust
iii. Ambiguity- more than one meaning
iv. Distortion-receivers has not taken it in the original form.
v. Noise
vi. Technical glitches
 Measures to overcome barriers in communication
i. Never go unprepared
ii. Give required time
iii. Work on language competency
iv. Avoid false assumption
v. Show respect towards the receivers of the message
Principles of Communication of Communication
Principles of effective Communication-An effective communication system inculcate confidence among
subordinates and ensuring change their attitude and behavior.
7Cs of Effective Communication
i. Clear information-It ensures clarity of expressions.
ii. Complete information
iii. Concise message-brief message.
iv. Concreate and coherent presentation-It facilitates easy understanding and produce the desired result.
v. Correctness of facts
vi. Consideration of the message and the receiver-prepare the message keeping receivers in the mind.
vii. Courtesy towards receivers
Basic Writing Skills
Writing Skills are very important for a professional success as it is an innovative activity of the mind.
Four essential elements of effective writing-
i. Solid structure-introduction, body and conclusion
ii. Crystal clear clarity
iii. Candid consistency-avoid contradicting and changing viewpoint.
iv. Selection of right medium
Sentence- It is a group of words which gives complete meaning.
Eg- The students of class x are very intelligent.
Phrase-It only gives partial meaning not a complete meaning.
There are mainly five different kinds of phrases-
i. Noun phrase-a fifty year old man was sitting the garden
ii. Adjective phrase-this chain is made of gold.
iii. Adverb phrase-please place the chemicals in the safe place.
iv. Verbal phrase-he enjoys playing cricket.
v. Prepositional phrase-the flower vase is on the table.
Kinds of Sentences
Sentences are of four kinds
Assertive sentence-It is an interesting subject.
Imperative sentence-sit down, keep quit, stand up etc
Interrogative sentence- where are you going?
Exclamatory sentence-what a beautiful flower!
Besides from these four the following sentences are used for the purpose of analysis.
i. A simple sentence contains only one main clause. Eg- chandigarh is a planned city.
ii. Compound sentence-a compound sentence contains at least two main clause. Each having an
independent finite verb.
Eg-the flower are blooming,the birds were singing.
iii. Complex sentence-it contains only one main clause and at least one subordinate clause.
Parts of sentence
A sentence can be divided into two parts- subject and predicate
Eg- I teach information technology.
Parts of speech-eight parts
i. Noun-names a thing or a person-teacher, student, lion, music.
ii. Pronoun-replaces a noun-he,she,I you etc
iii. Adjective-describes the quality of noun. Eg-good,big,red,well
iv. Verb-defines action. Eg-do,go,sing,can etc
v. Adverb-describes a verb. Eg-quickly,badly,soon,silently etc
vi. Preposition-links a noun to the other words in a phrase,clause, senetence.eg-on,at ,to etc
vii. Conjunction-joins clauses, sentences or words. Eg-and,but,when,while etc
viii. Interjection-short exclamation, sometimes inserted into a sentence. Eg-well!,hi! etc