Floating Solar PV System Specification Analysis: Basis on

the Design of Bamboo Support Structure

An Undergraduate Thesis
PRESENTED TO
The faculty of the College of Engineering
Samar State University
Catbalogan, City

Researcher:
CIPRIANO S. COLOCADO JR.
LAURENCE N. MALINAO
BERNARD A. LABRAGUE
IAN L. DOMINGO
REYNEL M. LABRADA

Research Adviser:
ENGR. JAMES RYAN R. ABAMO

Research Instructor:

ENGR. MEDDY S. MANGARING

DEAN, College of Engineering

 CHAPTER I

Introduction

In recent years, the pursuit of sustainable and renewable energy sources has

intensified due to escalating environmental concerns and the pressing need to reduce

dependency on fossil fuels. Solar energy, characterized by its abundant availability and

renewable nature, has emerged as a leading alternative. Among the innovative adaptations of

solar technology, the floating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have garnered significant

attention due to their unique ability to utilize water bodies to maximize energy production

while conserving land. This thesis titled "Floating Solar PV System Specification Analysis:

Basis on the Design of Bamboo Support Structure" seeks to delve into the specifications and

viability of utilizing bamboo as a structural component in floating solar PV systems. The

incorporation of bamboo, a rapidly renewable material known for its environmental benefits,

strength, and flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of floating PV systems. This study aims to

systematically analyze the design specifications required for integrating bamboo as a support

structure, assessing factors such as durability, buoyancy, environmental impact, and overall

system efficiency.

This study is structured to first review the current landscape of floating solar PV

systems, highlighting their advantages, challenges, and the role of innovative materials in

their deployment. Following this, the focus shifts to bamboo, exploring its mechanical

properties, ecological benefits, and suitability for aquatic environments. The core of the

research involves a detailed specification analysis, where bamboo's performance as a support

structure is evaluated through engineering simulations, material testing, and feasibility

studies. By bridging the gap between renewable energy technology and sustainable material

utilization, this study endeavors to contribute to the development of more efficient, cost-
effective, and environmentally friendly floating solar PV systems. It is anticipated that the

findings will not only advance the knowledge in the field but also pave the way for future

innovations in renewable energy infrastructure. Through this introductory exploration, the

study sets the stage for a comprehensive investigation into the potential of bamboo-based a

support structures, aiming to revolutionize the design and implementation of floating solar

PV systems.

1.1 Background of the Study

The global energy landscape is witnessing a significant shift towards renewable

energy sources as a response to the urgent need for sustainability and environmental

conservation. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, in particular, has emerged as a front-runner

due to its potential for high energy yield and the decreasing cost of PV modules. Among the

innovative adaptations of solar technology, floating solar PV systems represent a novel

integration of photovoltaic panels on water bodies, which not only conserves valuable land

resources but also enhances the efficiency of the panels through the cooling effect of water.

Existing Studies and Related Literature Review (RRL) Efficiency of Floating Solar PV

Systems: According to a study by Trapani and Millar (2016), floating PV systems can achieve

a higher efficiency compared to traditional ground-mounted systems due to the moderating

temperature effect of water. This cooling effect helps in reducing the operational temperature

of the panels, thereby improving their performance.

Use of Water Bodies: The utilization of underexploited water bodies, such as

industrial reservoirs, irrigation ponds, and hydroelectric dam reservoirs, for solar installations

is a growing trend. A comprehensive review by Sahu et al. (2016) highlights the dual benefits

of water body utilization, which includes energy generation and water evaporation reduction,
contributing positively to water resource management. Sustainability of Materials in Floating

Systems: A significant aspect of floating solar PV systems is the sustainability of the

materials used for floatation and structure. Research by Rosa-Clot et al. (2018) suggests that

the choice of material not only affects the durability and maintenance cost but also the

environmental footprint of the system.

Bamboo as a Sustainable Material: Bamboo is increasingly recognized for its

environmental and mechanical properties. A study by Lee et al. (2019) discusses bamboo’s

rapid growth rate, high tensile strength, and low cost, which make it a viable alternative to

traditional materials like steel and plastic in construction. Its natural buoyancy and resistance

to moisture offer additional advantages for applications in water-based structures. Innovations

in Bamboo Applications: Research on the use of bamboo in engineering applications is

expanding. A pivotal study by Sharma et al. (2017) demonstrates how treated bamboo can be

employed in aquatic environments, showing promising results in terms of durability and

ecological impact when used in water-based infrastructure.

Gaps in Research Despite the existing literature on floating PV systems and bamboo

applications, there is a notable gap concerning the specific analysis of bamboo as a support

structure for floating solar systems. Limited studies address the long-term performance of

bamboo in such innovative roles, especially under varying environmental conditions. Study

Contribution This thesis aims to fill these gaps by conducting a detailed analysis of bamboo-

based support structures for floating solar PV systems. The research will specifically focus on

understanding the mechanical resilience, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability

of bamboo in this new application. By integrating the insights from existing studies and

pushing the boundaries of current knowledge, this research seeks to contribute substantively

to the fields of renewable energy technology and sustainable material science. This

background sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of a potential sustainable solution
in floating solar PV systems, addressing both technological efficiencies and environmental

sustainability.

1.2 Objectives

The primary objective of this thesis is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the

specifications and viability of using bamboo as a support structure for floating solar

photovoltaic (PV) systems. To achieve this, the study sets out several specific goals:

 Analyze the structure configuration of Solar PV System to determine the protection

system needed for its component.

 Evaluate the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo and strength.

 Evaluate the suitability of bamboo on its structural capacity to solar PV installation.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The adoption of renewable energy sources is crucial in the global effort to reduce

carbon emissions and combat climate change. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have become

a key technology in this transition due to their ability to convert sunlight directly into

electricity. Floating solar PV systems, which install PV panels on bodies of water, are

particularly promising as they do not occupy valuable land and can reduce water evaporation

while enhancing panel efficiency due to the cooling effects of water. However, the

sustainability of floating solar systems depends significantly on the materials used for their

construction, particularly the floating structures and supports. Traditional materials used in

floating solar PV systems, such as steel and plastics, pose sustainability concerns due to their

environmental impact during production, use, and disposal.

 These materials are often non-renewable, involve energy-intensive manufacturing

processes, and may not be biodegradable, contributing to environmental degradation.

Therefore, there is a pressing need to explore alternative materials that are environmentally

friendly, cost-effective, and suitable for use in aquatic environments. Bamboo is a rapidly

renewable material known for its strong mechanical properties, low cost, and minimal

environmental footprint. It has been used successfully in various construction applications,

suggesting potential as a sustainable alternative for floating structures in solar PV systems.

However, the viability of bamboo for this specific application has not been extensively

studied, particularly in terms of its durability in aquatic conditions, its effectiveness in

supporting solar panels, and its overall impact on the system's performance and sustainability.

The problem addressed by this thesis is the lack of comprehensive data on the suitability of

bamboo as a structural material for floating solar PV systems. This gap hinders the potential

for broader adoption of more sustainable practices in the renewable energy sector. Specific

challenges that need to be addressed include:

1. Assessing the mechanical durability and buoyancy of bamboo when exposed to

prolonged aquatic conditions and environmental elements.

2. Evaluating the ecological impacts of using bamboo in aquatic environments,

including its life cycle from cultivation to disposal.

3. Determining the cost implications of constructing and maintaining bamboo-based

floating structures compared to traditional materials.

4. Analyzing the thermal and energy efficiency benefits of bamboo-supported floating

systems due to the natural properties of bamboo.

5. Developing optimized design and conducting field tests to establish practical

implementation strategies for bamboo in floating solar PV installations.

1.4 Theoretical framework

Integrates concepts from environmental engineering, renewable energy technology, and

material science to analyze the suitability and effectiveness of using bamboo as a support

structure for floating solar PV systems. This framework is informed by existing research and

literature in these fields, providing a basis for exploring the hypothesis that bamboo can offer

a sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to conventional materials used in

floating solar systems.

Theories and Concepts

1. Renewable Energy and Solar PV Technology:

 Theory:

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology's effectiveness is influenced by environmental

factors, including the cooling effects provided by the installation environment.

 Relevant Literature: A study by Kumar and Kandpal (2015) demonstrated how

water bodies can improve PV panel efficiency by reducing thermal losses, a concept

central to the rationale for floating solar systems.

2.Sustainable Materials in Engineering:

 Theory:

The sustainability of construction materials is assessed based on life cycle analysis,

which considers environmental impacts from extraction, processing, use, and

disposal stages.

 Relevant Literature:

Studies like those by Marsh and Smith (2007) provide methodologies for evaluating

the environmental impact of materials like bamboo, highlighting its renewability and

lower ecological footprint compared to metals and plastics.

3. Mechanical Properties of Bamboo:

 Theory:

The mechanical strength and durability of materials are critical in determining their

suitability for structural applications, especially in challenging environments.

 Relevant Literature:

Research by Lee et al. (2019) explores bamboo’s mechanical properties, such as

tensile strength and flexibility, which are pertinent to its potential use in aquatic

settings.

4. Bamboo in Aquatic Environments:

Theory:

 Materials used in aquatic environments must exhibit resistance to water-induced

degradation, biofouling, and variable weather conditions.

Relevant Literature:

 Ghavami (2005) investigated the behavior of bamboo when exposed to different

environmental conditions, providing insights into its long-term performance and

maintenance needs in wet settings.

Framework Structure

Environmental Impact Assessment:

This component of the framework will utilize the life cycle analysis techniques to

evaluate the environmental impacts of using bamboo for floating PV systems compared to

conventional materials. Mechanical and Durability Testing: Tests will be conducted to assess
bamboo’s physical and mechanical properties under simulated environmental conditions that

mimic those found in floating PV installations. Economic Analysis: A comparative cost

analysis will be performed to determine the economic viability of bamboo structures,

factoring in initial costs, maintenance, and potential efficiency gains. Design and Simulation

Studies: Using CAD and other simulation tools, designs for bamboo-based floating structures

will be developed and tested to optimize performance and durability. Field Trials and Energy

Performance Analysis: Pilot projects will be implemented to gather real-world data on the

performance and energy efficiency of bamboo-supported floating solar PV systems. The

theoretical framework provided by these integrated concepts will guide the research

methodology, ensuring a comprehensive approach to addressing the research questions posed

by the thesis. By grounding the study in well-established theories and supplementing it with

targeted empirical research, the thesis aims to contribute significantly to the fields of

renewable energy and sustainable material science.

1.5 Conceptual framework

Environmental Factors
 Material Properties

Design Parameters

Performance Metrics

Economic Consideration
The conceptual framework for this thesis outlines the interrelationship between key variables

and factors that influence the effectiveness and sustainability of utilizing bamboo as a support

structure for floating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. It provides a visual representation of

the theoretical constructs guiding the research and serves as a roadmap for data collection,

analysis, and interpretation.

Conceptual Framework:

1. Environmental Factors:

 This encompasses the natural conditions and environmental considerations that

impact the performance and durability of floating solar PV systems. It includes

variables such as water quality, temperature, sunlight exposure, and wind patterns.

2. Material Properties:

 Bamboo's mechanical properties and characteristics, including tensile strength,

flexibility, buoyancy, and resistance to water-induced degradation, are central to its

suitability as a support structure. These properties determine the material's ability to

withstand environmental stresses and provide adequate support for PV panels.

3. Design Parameters:

 Design specifications and parameters, such as structural configurations, dimensions,

and anchoring mechanisms, play a crucial role in optimizing the performance and

efficiency of bamboo-supported floating PV systems. Design considerations must

account for factors like load distribution, panel orientation, and stability in varying

water conditions.

4. Performance Metrics:

 Performance metrics measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the floating solar PV

system in generating electricity and mitigating environmental impact. Key metrics

include energy output, system efficiency, maintenance requirements, and ecological

footprint.

5. Economic Considerations:

 Economic factors, including material costs, installation expenses, maintenance costs,

and potential cost savings or revenue generation from energy production, influence
 the financial feasibility and long-term viability of bamboo-supported floating PV

systems.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation:

Scope:

1. Material Analysis: The thesis will focus on analyzing the suitability and performance of

bamboo as a support structure for floating solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. This includes

assessing bamboo's mechanical properties, buoyancy, durability, and resistance to

environmental factors such as water immersion and UV exposure.

2. Environmental Impact Assessment: The study will evaluate the ecological footprint of

bamboo-supported floating PV systems compared to conventional materials. This

encompasses life cycle analysis, carbon footprint assessment, and consideration of potential

environmental benefits such as reduced water evaporation and ecosystem preservation.

3. Design Optimization: The research will explore design parameters and configurations to

maximize the efficiency and longevity of bamboo-supported floating PV systems. This

includes structural engineering analysis, CAD modeling, and simulation studies to optimize

load distribution, stability, and panel orientation.

4. Economic Analysis: The thesis will conduct a comparative cost analysis to evaluate the

economic viability of bamboo as a support material for floating solar PV systems. This

includes assessing initial material costs, installation expenses, maintenance requirements,

and potential cost savings or revenue generation from energy production.

Delimitation:
1. Geographical Limitation: The study will primarily focus on the feasibility and

performance of bamboo-supported floating PV systems in specific geographical regions

or water bodies. Different environmental conditions and regulatory frameworks may

influence the applicability and scalability of the findings.

2. Material Selection: While bamboo will be the primary focus, the study may briefly

compare its performance with other sustainable materials. However, in-depth analysis of

alternative materials is beyond the scope of this thesis.

3. System Components: The research will primarily focus on the support structure aspect

of floating PV systems and may not delve extensively into other components such as

solar panels, inverters, or electrical systems.

4. Timeframe: The study will focus on contemporary bamboo-supported floating PV

systems and may not extensively analyze historical or future trends in renewable energy

technology.

5. Policy and Regulatory Frameworks: While policy considerations may be briefly

discussed, the study will not delve deeply into the regulatory frameworks governing

renewable energy deployment, as these may vary significantly across different regions.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The proposed thesis on "Floating Solar PV System Specification Analysis: Basis on

the Design of Bamboo Support Structure" holds significant implications and contributions to

various stakeholders, industries, and fields. Below are the key points highlighting the

significance of the study:

Advancing Renewable Energy Technology: By exploring the use of bamboo as a support

structure for floating solar PV systems, the study contributes to the advancement of

renewable energy technology. It offers a sustainable alternative to conventional materials,

potentially reducing the environmental impact of solar installations and promoting the

transition towards clean energy sources.

Environmental Sustainability: The research addresses sustainability challenges by assessing

the ecological footprint of bamboo-supported floating PV systems. It provides insights into

the environmental benefits of utilizing renewable materials in energy infrastructure,

contributing to global efforts to mitigate climate change and preserve natural resources.

Innovative Material Application: The study showcases the versatility and effectiveness of

bamboo in engineering applications, particularly in aquatic environments. By demonstrating

the viability of bamboo as a structural material, the research expands the possibilities for

incorporating renewable and eco-friendly materials in infrastructure projects beyond

traditional construction.

Cost-Effectiveness and Economic Viability: Through comparative cost analysis and

economic evaluation, the thesis assesses the financial feasibility of bamboo-supported

floating PV systems. It provides valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and industry

stakeholders regarding the economic benefits and potential savings associated with

sustainable energy infrastructure development.

Community and Social Impact: The implementation of bamboo-supported floating PV

systems has the potential to generate positive social impacts, including job creation, local

economic development, and community resilience. The research highlights the social benefits

of renewable energy projects, fostering inclusive and sustainable growth in communities

where such installations are deployed.

Knowledge Expansion and Innovation: The study contributes to the body of knowledge in

renewable energy technology, material science, and environmental engineering. It stimulates

further research and innovation in sustainable infrastructure design and promotes

interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, engineers, and policymakers.

Policy and Regulatory Implications: The findings of the thesis may inform policy decisions

and regulatory frameworks related to renewable energy deployment and sustainable materials

use. By providing evidence-based insights, the research supports the development of policies

that incentivize the adoption of renewable energy technologies and promote environmental

stewardship.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Floating Solar PV System: A renewable energy technology that involves installing

photovoltaic (PV) panels on bodies of water, such as lakes, reservoirs, or ponds, using

floating structures to support the solar panels.

Bamboo: A fast-growing, renewable woody grass characterized by its strength, flexibility,

and sustainability. Bamboo is used as a structural material in various construction

applications due to its favorable mechanical properties and minimal environmental impact.

Support Structure: The framework or framework components that provide structural

support and stability for the floating solar PV system. This includes beams, pontoons, frames,

and other elements that hold the solar panels in place on the water surface.

Mechanical Properties: Characteristics of a material that describe its behavior under

mechanical loading, including tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength,

elasticity, and durability. These properties determine the material's suitability for structural

applications.

Buoyancy: The upward force exerted by a fluid (such as water) on an object immersed in it,

counteracting the force of gravity. Buoyancy is a crucial factor in the design of floating

structures, influencing their stability and ability to support loads.

Environmental Impact: The effect of human activities and infrastructure on the natural

environment, including factors such as carbon footprint, ecological biodiversity, water

quality, and land use. Assessing the environmental impact helps evaluate the sustainability of

infrastructure projects.

Life Cycle Analysis: A systematic approach to assessing the environmental impact of a

product, process, or system throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to

disposal. Life cycle analysis considers energy consumption, emissions, resource depletion,

and other environmental indicators.

Economic Viability: The financial feasibility and profitability of a project or investment,

taking into account factors such as initial costs, operating expenses, revenue generation, and

potential return on investment. Economic viability determines the sustainability and long-

term success of infrastructure projects.

Design Optimization: The process of refining and improving the design of a system or

structure to enhance its performance, efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. Design

optimization involves iterative analysis, simulation, and testing to achieve the desired

outcomes.

Carbon Footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide

(CO2), emitted directly or indirectly as a result of human activities, typically expressed in

equivalent units of CO2 emissions. Assessing the carbon footprint helps quantify the
environmental impact of infrastructure projects and identify opportunities for emission

reductions.

Sustainability: The ability to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs. Sustainability encompasses environmental, social, and

economic dimensions, aiming for balance and harmony between human activities and the

natural environment.

CHAPTER II

Review Related Literature

The researcher presents the works of various researchers published books, journals,

websites, and other pertinent information to gain more insights and knowledge regarding the

study and also reviews the applications of various methods, tools, and techniques for the

floating solar PV specification analysis: basis on the design of bamboo support structure.

2.1.1 Floating Solar PV System

According to the research conducted by Zahra (2014), floating solar PV systems are

highly feasible due to their convenience and ability to enhance energy efficiency. Installing
these systems on water offers several benefits. Firstly, it conserves land and preserves habitats

for wildlife, as the installation occurs on water surfaces. Additionally, these systems can be

implemented for agricultural purposes. Secondly, the natural cooling effect provided by the

water body can improve the performance of PV panels, as higher wind speeds offshore and

the presence of water contribute to enhanced cooling. Moreover, covering the surface of the

water with floating solar panels can help conserve water resources.

The installation of a floating solar PV system offers the additional benefit of reducing

water evaporation, not only from the surface directly covered by the solar panels but also

from the surrounding ocean surface. This reduction in water evaporation stems from two

primary effects. Firstly, by covering a portion of the water surface with solar panels, the total

contact area between the ocean and air is decreased. This reduction in exposed surface area

results in a significant decrease in evaporation from the surface beneath the panel. Secondly,

the construction of support structures for floating solar PV systems alters the heat balance of

the water.

A portion of the solar energy is converted into electricity, while the remaining energy

is reflected from the solar panels and the platform. Consequently, the water underneath the

floating structure tends to be cooler, which in turn reduces the rate of evaporation. This

combined effect of reduced surface area exposure and altered heat balance contributes to a

substantial decrease in water evaporation, benefiting both the immediate area covered by the

solar panels and the surrounding ocean surface (Tina et al., 2011).

In comparison to ground-based systems, floating solar PV exhibits several

advantages. Firstly, it experiences less dust accumulation, contributing to improved

efficiency. Additionally, it is considered an environmentally friendly technology as it has

minimal impact on land resources (Majid et al., 2014). Moreover, the operation and
maintenance costs of floating PV systems are typically lower compared to land-based

systems. This is attributed to the availability of water for cleaning, which is readily

accessible, and components are less likely to overheat due to the cooling effect of water (Lu

et al., 2015). Furthermore, floating PV systems are less susceptible to shading issues,

potentially leading to higher overall efficiency. Additionally, there is no need for maintenance

activities such as clearing vegetation typically associated with ground-based systems (Smyth

et al., 2011).

In Central Asia, the installation of floating solar PV systems proves to be efficient due

to several factors. Firstly, the region experiences a higher rate of evapotranspiration compared

to precipitation levels, as highlighted by Sorg et al. (2014). This condition makes floating

solar PV particularly suitable for mitigating water loss while generating renewable energy.

Furthermore, the cooling effect of water contributes to increased energy production in

floating solar plants, as demonstrated by Liu et al. (2017). This effect enhances the efficiency

of solar panels, resulting in higher energy output. Moreover, Central Asia benefits from ample

solar radiation, receiving approximately 1300–2200 kW/h per square meter, making it

conducive for the adoption of PV technologies such as floating solar PV (Winarso, 2017).

However, the design of floating solar installations requires careful consideration of

various factors, particularly in structural design. These aspects include ensuring electrical

safety, implementing effective anchoring and mooring systems, establishing operation and

maintenance protocols, and designing the plant to withstand specific environmental

conditions (Ming Cheng, 2021). Attention to these factors is crucial for the successful

implementation and operation of floating solar PV systems in Central Asia.

In the installation of floating solar PV systems, it's essential to consider not only

environmental factors but also material considerations, as highlighted by Mohamad Reda A.

Refaai et al. (2022). These include selecting appropriate materials for floating platforms, PV

component-supporting frameworks, articulated couplings among pontoons, anchors, and

cables, aiming to minimize operational failures. Given the challenges posed by limited land

availability, dense population, and the pressing issue of deforestation, there has been growing

interest in deploying floating solar PV systems over various bodies of water such as canals,

lakes, reservoirs, and oceans (Shiva Gorjian et al., 2019). This approach not only addresses

land scarcity but also offers additional benefits.

Floating solar PV systems have garnered considerable attention due to their potential

for installation on bodies of water, offering higher efficiency compared to traditional PV

systems, as demonstrated by Liu et al. (2017). Additionally, farming floating solar PV

systems can provide a multifaceted solution for energy production while conserving water

and land resources (N. Silvério et al., 2018). This integrated approach aligns with sustainable

development goals and offers a promising avenue for meeting energy needs while minimizing

environmental impact.

2.1.2 Bamboo as Support Structure Material

Bamboo has a long history of use in various applications, particularly in traditional

homes throughout Indonesia and Asia, both in structural and non-structural components

(Nurdiah, 2015). According to Angal et al. (2010), bamboo exhibits a highly strong fiber with

tensile strength comparable to steel, making it a viable structural material. Bamboo's shear

stress in its fibers is also higher than that of wood, and its wider profile allows for bending

without breaking. While steel typically has a tensile strength of 23,000 N per square inch,

bamboo is considered one of the strongest building materials, possessing a strength roughly

equivalent to or even greater than that. To preserve bamboo effectively in construction,

various methods are employed, as discussed by Purwito (2015). These methods include
treating bamboo with a borax boric acid solution through injection using a compressor

machine, immersion, or soak dispersion via gravity or vertical sinking. The utilization of

borax boric acid significantly enhances the longevity of bamboo in construction applications.

Bamboo possesses a unique combination of strength and flexibility, making it an

excellent material for construction tasks that require resilience. This inherent flexibility

enables bamboo to withstand heavy winds and seismic activity without breaking. It is

particularly well-suited for building arches, curving roofs, and other architectural features

that demand flexibility (Krishnanunni H M, 2023).

In addition to its flexibility, bamboo exhibits strong tensile and compressive strength,

allowing it to bear significant loads and endure adverse weather conditions. Its strength-to-

weight ratio surpasses that of many conventional materials, making it a lightweight yet robust

option for construction. For instance, an average Bambusa Blumeana can endure compression

loads of 10-15 tons (Base Bahay Foundation, 2023). Furthermore, when properly utilized and

maintained, bamboo exhibits resistance to pests, rot, and decay, enhancing its longevity as a

construction material. These characteristics collectively make bamboo a sustainable and

durable choice for various construction projects.

Kumar and Kandpal (2015) conducted a study demonstrating how water bodies can

enhance the efficiency of PV panels by mitigating thermal losses, a concept pivotal to the

justification for employing floating solar systems, which underscores the influence of

environmental factors, such as the cooling effects of the installation environment, on the

effectiveness of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology.

2.1.3 Bamboo

Despite being a powerful renewable resource, bamboo is a natural plant that may have

a few natural predators. Insects, particularly the powder-post beetle, termites, would consume
the bamboo from the inside out if it were not preserved. As a result, the bamboo culm's

structural integrity would be weakened and ultimately disintegrate. The first step to ensuring

that your bamboo structure survives for a very long time is to make sure that the bamboo you

use for construction or any other endeavor becomes unattractive to these predators. Since

bamboo has been used for construction for thousands of years, people—mostly from South

East Asia and South America—have discovered incredibly easy, organic ways to prolong the

life of bamboo. Farrugia M. as well as Goutham S. (2022).

The Studies such as those conducted by Marsh and Smith (2007) offer methodologies

for assessing the environmental impact of construction materials like bamboo, emphasizing

its renewability and lower ecological footprint relative to metals and plastics. This assessment

is typically conducted through life cycle analysis, which encompasses environmental impacts

across extraction, processing, utilization, and disposal stages, thereby contributing to the

evaluation of material sustainability.

The Research conducted by Lee et al. (2019) delves into the mechanical properties of

bamboo, particularly its tensile strength and flexibility, factors crucial in assessing its

viability for structural applications, especially in demanding environments such as aquatic

settings. This investigation underscores the significance of understanding material strength

and durability in determining their suitability for various structural uses.Top of Form

Ghavami (2005) investigated the behavior of bamboo under various environmental

conditions, offering insights into its long-term performance and maintenance requirements in

wet settings. This is particularly relevant as materials utilized in aquatic environments must

demonstrate resistance to water-induced degradation, biofouling, and variable weather

conditions.
 Because of its qualities, including quick growth, strong resistance, and durability,

bamboo is a great renewable resource that may be used to create sustainable buildings. It is a

quickly growing plant that is widely distributed throughout our nation. A research by Rini

(2018) states that bamboo is made up of 50% parenchyma and 40% xylem and phloem

vessels that are encircled by fiber bundles. Although the fiber has dimensions of 3.947 mm in

length, 33.84 µm in diameter, 29.10 µm in lumen, and 2.37 µm in wall thickness, the water

content has a significant impact on how much preservative is retained and how much of it

penetrates the bamboo. Bamboo has a higher moisture content, which increases its

penetration and retention.

Due to its inherently low natural durability, bamboo requires chemical treatment to

extend its lifespan. Without preservation, bamboo is susceptible to insect damage, particularly

from pests like the powder-post beetle, which can consume the bamboo from within. Bamboo

typically exhibits low natural durability, lasting only 1 to 3 years against attacks by fungi and

insects (Syeda, 2014).Despite its susceptibility to decay, bamboo offers several advantages

when used in building components. It is a renewable material, with the ability to be harvested

every 3 to 5 years. Additionally, it is relatively easy to work with, requiring minimal

specialized knowledge or equipment for construction Furthermore, variations in durability

have been observed across different parts of the bamboo culm. The lower portion of the culm

is generally considered more durable, while the inner wall tends to deteriorate faster than the

outer, harder portion (Kumar et al., 2014).

According to Kaur et al. (2014), indigenous communities in regions like Southeast

Asia and South America have developed natural methods to bolster the durability of bamboo

and thwart biodegradation, thereby extending its lifespan. These preservation techniques, as

outlined by Jansen (2014), encompass treatments such as mineral oil and coal tar application,

as well as immersion in preservative solutions via tank treatment, targeted butt treatment, and
the boucherie process. Implementing these methods effectively prolongs the longevity of

bamboo, ensuring its endurance for a variety of uses.

According to the findings of Kumar et al. (2021), beyond addressing energy and

environmental concerns, bamboo presents itself as a viable alternative for lightweight

structures. The substitution of steel with bamboo offers advantages in constructing

lightweight structures. This study examines bamboo's characteristics, including its physics

and mechanics, its application as a structural material, and the incorporation of bamboo

components into photovoltaic (PV) structures to assess the feasibility of bamboo for floating

solar PV structures (Sadullozoda et al., 2018).

Moreover, an analysis of the current challenges associated with bamboo utilization and

development led to the proposal of several strategies aimed at enhancing the protection and

utilization efficiency of bamboo. These strategies, as suggested by Li and He (2019), aim to

prolong the lifespan of bamboo, whether it is deployed in aquatic or terrestrial environments.

CHAPTER III

Methodology

The methodology section details the research approach, data collection methods, and

objectives of the thesis on "Floating Solar PV System Specification Analysis: Based on the

Design of Bamboo Support Structure." It involves analyzing the structure configuration of

solar PV systems to determine required protection systems, evaluating bamboo's mechanical

properties and strength for supporting solar PV installations. The research utilizes theoretical

analysis and computational modeling to design and analyze a floating solar PV system with a
bamboo support structure. The methodology includes material selection, design parameters,

and structural analysis. Additionally, it assesses the mechanical properties of bamboo through

species selection, mechanical tests, and data analysis to ensure its suitability for supporting

the PV system in a floating environment. The chapter provides an analysis of the structural

configuration of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support structure, focusing on

identifying necessary protection systems for its components. It also considers environmental

and operational stresses to determine appropriate protective measures for longevity and

efficiency.

3.1 Research Design

The method used is quantitative. This includes the collection of data on the floating

solar PV system specification analysis: basis on the design of bamboo support structure.

Using bamboo as a support material for floating solar PV systems allows for a practical

investigation into its viability, sustainability, structural integrity of the proposed system. The

way the experiment is set up makes it easier to investigate the engineering aspects

methodically, from choosing the bamboo material to integrating it with a floating solar PV

array.

3.2 Research Locale:

The research locale for a floating solar PV system specification analysis based on the design

of a bamboo support structure can vary depending on the specific objectives of the study here

in Catbalogan City. Ideally, the research locale should be in a body of water where the

floating solar PV system with bamboo support structure will be implemented or where

similar systems are already in place. This could include location in coastal area.
Researchers may choose a specific water body based on factors such as sunlight exposure,

water depth, water quality, environmental conditions, and accessibility. It is important to

select a research locale that closely resembles the conditions where the floating solar PV

system will be deployed to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the analysis.

Additionally, researchers may consider collaborating with local authorities, or environmental

organizations to gain access to suitable research locales and gather relevant data for the study.

Conducting the research in a real-world setting will provide valuable insights into the

performance, feasibility, and sustainability of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo

support structure in a specific environment.

3.3 Research Procedure:

3.3.1 Evaluate the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo:

Assess the structural strength, durability, and buoyancy of bamboo when used as a

support material in aquatic environments. This involves conducting mechanical testing to

determine the suitability of bamboo under various load conditions and its resilience against

environmental factors such as water immersion, UV exposure, and temperature variations.

Bamboo as a Structural Material

 Bamboo was selected due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainability, and

availability in many regions. Specific species of bamboo with optimal mechanical properties

were chosen based on the following criteria.

1.1 Material Selection:

Density and Strength - Evaluated through mechanical testing to ensure sufficient load-bearing

capacity.

Durability - Assessed through accelerated aging tests to determine resistance to

environmental conditions such as water, UV radiation, and biological degradation.

Photovoltaic Panels - Standard PV panels were selected based on efficiency, cost, and

compatibility with floating installations. Parameters such as power output, dimensions, and

weight were considered to ensure compatibility with the bamboo support structure.

Methodology for Evaluating the Mechanical Properties and Strength of Bamboo

This chapter details the methodology used to evaluate the mechanical properties and strength

of bamboo for use in the support structure of a floating solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The

evaluation process includes selecting appropriate bamboo species, conducting mechanical

tests, and analyzing the data to ensure that the bamboo can reliably support the PV system in

a floating environment.

1.1 Selection of Bamboo Species:

 Candidate Species - Commonly used species for structural applications include:

 Bambusa vulgaris - Known for its high strength and availability.

 Dendrocalamus asper - Noted for its large diameter and thick walls.

 Phyllostachys edulis - Favored for its balance of strength and workability.

1.2 Criteria for Selection - The selection of bamboo species is based on several key criteria:

 Mechanical Strength - High tensile and compressive strength.

 Availability - Readily available in the region of deployment.

 Durability - Resistance to environmental factors such as moisture, UV exposure, and

biological degradation.

1.3 Mechanical Testing:

Sample Preparation - Samples of the selected bamboo species are prepared according to

standardized testing procedures:

Cutting and Shaping - Samples are cut into standardized shapes and sizes for testing.

Conditioning - Samples are conditioned at a controlled temperature and humidity to ensure

uniformity.

3.3.2 Analyze the structure configuration of solar PV system to determine the protection

system and strength needed for its component:

2.1 Design Parameters:

Structural Design - The structural design of the bamboo support involves several steps:

 Geometric Configuration - Design of the bamboo frame to support the PV panels,

considering optimal angle for solar exposure, typically between 10° to 15° inclination.

 Buoyancy and Stability - Calculation of buoyancy requirements to ensure the system

remains afloat and stable under various conditions, including wind and wave action.
  Joint Design - Development of connections and joints using traditional bamboo

construction techniques combined with modern fasteners to ensure structural integrity.

2.2 Load Analysis:

Static Loads - Weight of the PV panels, bamboo structure, and ancillary components.

Dynamic Loads - Effects of wind, waves, and potential impacts from debris.

Safety Factors - Incorporation of safety factors to account for uncertainties in material

properties and environmental conditions.

 Structural Configuration and Protection System Analysis

 Structural Configuration Analysis

 Bamboo Support Structure

The bamboo support structure is designed to hold the PV panels in place while floating on

water. The configuration includes:

Frame Design - A grid-like frame with interlocking joints and fasteners to secure the PV

panels.

Floatation Mechanism - Buoyant pontoons or sealed bamboo sections providing sufficient

buoyancy to keep the structure afloat.

PV Panel Arrangement - PV panels are arranged to maximize solar exposure while

considering:

Tilt Angle - Panels are tilted at an angle of 10° to 15° to optimize sunlight capture.

Spacing - Adequate spacing between panels to minimize shading and allow air circulation.
2.3 Electrical Configuration:

Wiring and Connections - Waterproof and UV-resistant cables and connectors to prevent

electrical faults.

Inverters - Placement of inverters in waterproof enclosures to convert DC from the panels to

AC.

2.4 Protection Systems:

Water and Humidity Protection - To mitigate water and humidity risks.

Waterproof Coatings - Applying waterproof and antifungal coatings to bamboo to prevent

water absorption and biological growth.

Sealed Electrical Components - Using waterproof enclosures for electrical components and

ensuring all connections are sealed.

Wind and Wave Protection - To ensure structural integrity under dynamic loads:

Reinforced Joints - Using reinforced joints and flexible connectors that can absorb and

dissipate dynamic loads.

Dynamic Anchoring - Implementing a dynamic anchoring system that can adjust to varying

water levels and wave conditions.

3.3.3 Evaluate the sustainability of bamboo on its structural capacity to solar PV

installation:

Methodology for Evaluating the Suitability of Bamboo for Structural Capacity in Solar

PV Installation

Introduction:
This chapter outlines the methodology for evaluating the suitability of bamboo as a structural

material for supporting solar photovoltaic (PV) installations in a floating system. The

evaluation process includes assessing the mechanical properties, environmental durability,

and structural performance of bamboo to ensure it meets the necessary criteria for such

applications.

Selection of Bamboo Species

3.1 Criteria for Selection

The selection of bamboo species is based on:

 Mechanical Strength - High tensile, compressive, and flexural strength.

 Availability - Readily available in the region where the installation is planned.

 Durability - Resistance to environmental factors like water exposure, UV radiation,

and biological degradation.

3.2 Environmental Durability Testing:

Water Resistance - Evaluating water resistance through prolonged water exposure tests:

Procedure - Submerging samples in water and measuring changes in weight, dimensions, and

mechanical properties.

UV Resistance - Assessing UV resistance through accelerated aging tests:

Procedure - Exposing samples to UV radiation and measuring changes in mechanical

properties and surface integrity.

Biological Resistance - Testing for resistance to biological degradation:

Procedure - Exposing samples to conditions promoting fungal growth and insect attacks, then

measuring mechanical property retention.

3.3 Structural Analysis:

Load-Bearing Capacity - Using mechanical test data to determine the load-bearing capacity:

Safety Factors - Applying safety factors to account for variability and uncertainties.

Structural Calculations - Performing calculations to ensure bamboo can support the weight of

PV panels and withstand environmental loads.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) - Conducting FEA simulations to model structural behavior:

Model Creation - Developing a detailed 3D model of the bamboo structure.

Boundary Conditions - Simulating real-world conditions including wind, wave action, and

static loads.

Stress Analysis - Identifying stress concentrations and potential failure points.

3.4 Protection and Maintenance Strategies:

Protective Coatings - Applying coatings to enhance durability:

Waterproof Coatings - To prevent water absorption and swelling.

UV-Resistant Coatings - To protect against UV radiation.

3.4 Research Instrument

This research will employ various kinds of research instruments that will be utilized in data
gathering such as, Dynamics of water, Power output of solar PV, AutoCAD, Sketch up. This
also includes the weight and height of solar PV and the bamboo and the materials needed to
design a bamboo support structure.
In calculation, we include the formulas that are necessary to obtain the possible value of the

area, the discharge, the generation power, and the head loss. The formulas are given below

Formula of solar PV (power output of solar PV):

P꞊ A × r × H× PR

P ꞊ Total power output

A ꞊ Area of the solar panel

r ꞊ Solar power efficiency (as decimal, ranging from 0 to 1)

H ꞊ Average daily sunlight hours (hours per day)

PR ꞊ Performance ratio, representing losses due to factors such as shading and dirt (ranging

from 0.75 to 0.85)

Dynamics of water:

Q꞊A×V

Q ꞊ Flow rate (cubic meters per second)

A ꞊ Cross sectional area of flow (square meters)

V ꞊ Velocity of water (meters per seconds)

Buoyant Force:

Fь = p × V × g

Fь = buoyant force
p = density of the fluid

V= volume of the fluid displacement by the object

g = acceleration due to gravity

Area of the floating Solar PV:

A=l×w

A = Area

l = Length

w = Width

3.5 Data Collection

Data collection encompasses of various parameters related to the structural characteristic,

energy production of the floating solar PV system. The following data are collected.

 Structural support of bamboo support structure, including dimensions, sizes, strength

and durability

 Solar irradiance levels and weather condition to assess energy generation potential

 Electrical output of the PV panel under operating condition

The collected data serve as the basis for performance evaluation and analysis.
 Chapter VI

Results and Discussion

4.1 Structural Integrity of bamboo

In the analysis of the structural integrity of bamboo in floating solar PV systems, the focus is on
evaluat ing the performance and reliability of bamboo support structures in supporting solar panels
on water bodies. This assessment includes examining the load-bearing capacity, flexibility, and
durability of bamboo in comparison to traditional support materials. Through finite element analysis
and structural simulations, the stability of bamboo structures under various environmental
conditions, such as wind loads and wave action, will be assessed. The goal is to determine the
suitability of bamboo as a sustainable and resilient material for supporting floating solar PV systems,
emphasizing its potential benefits in terms of structural integrity and long-term performance.

4.2 Energy Generation Performance

The energy generation performance of a floating solar PV system can be greatly influenced by the
design of the support structure, such as using bamboo. Bamboo is a sustainable and eco-friendly
material that can provide a sturdy base for the solar panels. When analyzing the specifications of the
system, it is important to consider factors such as the weight-bearing capacity of the bamboo, its
durability in water, and its ability to withstand environmental conditions. By carefully designing the
support structure with bamboo, you can optimize the energy generation performance of the floating
solar PV system.

4.3 Environmental Impact

When considering the environmental impact of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support
structure, there are several factors to take into account. Bamboo is a sustainable and renewable
material that grows quickly and has a lower carbon footprint compared to traditional construction
materials. Using bamboo as a support structure can help reduce the overall environmental impact of
the system by promoting sustainable practices and reducing the use of non-renewable resources.

Additionally, the use of bamboo in the design of the support structure can also have positive effects
on the surrounding ecosystem. Bamboo is known for its ability to absorb carbon dioxide and release
oxygen, which can help mitigate climate change and improve air quality. Furthermore, bamboo
cultivation can help prevent soil erosion and promote biodiversity in the area where the floating
solar PV system is installed.

Overall, incorporating a bamboo support structure in a floating solar PV system can have a positive
environmental impact by promoting sustainability, reducing carbon emissions, and supporting
ecosystem health.

4.4 Economic Viability

When evaluating the economic viability of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support
structure, it is important to consider both the initial costs and long-term benefits. While bamboo
may be a sustainable and eco-friendly material, it is essential to assess its cost-effectiveness
compared to other support structure options.

The initial cost of using bamboo as a support structure may vary depending on factors such as the
quality of the bamboo, installation requirements, and maintenance needs. It is crucial to conduct a
thorough cost analysis to determine if the upfront investment in bamboo will be offset by potential
savings in the long run.

Additionally, the durability and lifespan of the bamboo support structure should be taken into
account when assessing economic viability. Bamboo is known for its strength and resilience, but
regular maintenance and monitoring may be required to ensure its longevity and structural integrity.

Furthermore, the potential benefits of using bamboo, such as its sustainability and environmental
advantages, should also be considered in the economic evaluation. These factors can contribute to
the overall value proposition of the floating solar PV system and may have a positive impact on its
long-term economic viability.

In conclusion, while the economic viability of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support
structure will depend on various factors, including costs, durability, and environmental benefits, a
comprehensive analysis can help determine the feasibility and potential return on investment of this
design choice.

4.5 Performance with conventional System

When comparing the performance of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support structure to
a conventional system, several factors come into play. The design of the support structure, in this
case, bamboo, can impact the overall performance of the system in terms of efficiency, durability,
and maintenance.

In terms of efficiency, the design of the bamboo support structure should be carefully considered to
ensure that it can effectively support the solar panels and withstand environmental conditions such
as wind, waves, and corrosion. Bamboo's natural strength and flexibility can be advantageous in
providing a stable platform for the solar panels, potentially enhancing the overall performance of the
system.

Durability is another crucial aspect to consider when evaluating the performance of the system.
Bamboo is known for its durability and resistance to pests and rot, which can contribute to the
longevity of the support structure. Proper maintenance and treatment of the bamboo can further
enhance its durability and ensure the continued performance of the floating solar PV system over
time.

Maintenance requirements should also be taken into account when comparing the performance of
the system with a bamboo support structure to a conventional system. While bamboo is generally
low maintenance, regular inspections and upkeep may be necessary to ensure its structural integrity
and performance. Proper care and maintenance of the bamboo support structure can help prevent
issues such as warping, cracking, or degradation, which could impact the overall performance of the
floating solar PV system.

Overall, the design of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support structure can offer unique
advantages in terms of efficiency, durability, and maintenance compared to a conventional system.
By carefully considering these factors and implementing proper design and maintenance practices,
the performance of the system can be optimized to maximize energy production and longevity.

4.6 Discussion

The result of the study provide a valuable insight into the feasibility and performance of

floating solar PV system using a bamboo support structure. The structural integrity, and

economic availability of the system have been analyzed and discussed. This finding

contribute to the growing body of knowledge on innovative approach to renewable energy

generation and sustainable infrastructure design. The use of bamboo as a support material for

floating solar PV system offer a practical solution to the challenges of the environmental

impact associated with conventional solar installation.

When discussing the specification analysis of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support

structure, it is important to consider various aspects that can impact the overall performance and

feasibility of the system. The design of the support structure plays a crucial role in the success of the

floating solar PV system, and bamboo offers unique advantages that should be taken into account.

One key consideration is the sustainability and environmental impact of using bamboo as a support

structure. Bamboo is a renewable resource that grows quickly and has a lower carbon footprint

compared to traditional materials like steel or concrete. By utilizing bamboo in the design of the

support structure, the floating solar PV system can align with sustainable practices and reduce its

environmental impact.

In terms of structural integrity, bamboo's natural strength and flexibility make it a suitable material

for supporting solar panels on water bodies. Its ability to withstand environmental factors such as

wind, waves, and corrosion can contribute to the stability and longevity of the system. Proper design

and engineering considerations should be made to ensure that the bamboo support structure can

effectively support the weight of the solar panels and withstand the conditions of the installation

site.

Cost-effectiveness is another important factor to consider when analyzing the specification of a

floating solar PV system with a bamboo support structure. While bamboo may have lower upfront

costs compared to other materials, it is essential to evaluate the long-term maintenance and

durability of the support structure to determine its overall economic viability. Regular maintenance

and monitoring may be required to ensure the structural integrity of the bamboo support structure

over time.

Overall, the design of a floating solar PV system with a bamboo support structure offers a sustainable
and potentially cost-effective solution for harnessing solar energy on water bodies. By carefully

considering factors such as sustainability, structural integrity, and cost-effectiveness, stakeholders can

make informed decisions about implementing this innovative design in their renewable energy

projects.
Inverter Capacity ꞊

Electrical parameters

Strength of the materials

Protected devices
The size of a solar PV panel typically refers to its physical dimensions, which are
commonly measured in terms of length and width. The most common residential
solar panels have dimensions around 65 inches by 39 inches (approximately 165 cm
by 99 cm) for a standard 60-cell panel, although sizes can vary slightly depending on
the manufacturer and the specific model.

Commercial and utility-scale solar panels may be larger, with dimensions typically
ranging from around 77 inches by 39 inches (approximately 195 cm by 99 cm) for a
standard 72-cell panel.

In addition to physical size, solar panels are also rated by their power output, which is
measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). Common residential solar panels typically
have power ratings ranging from around 250 watts to 400 watts per panel, while
commercial and utility-scale panels may have higher power ratings.

The size of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is typically denoted by their physical dimensions,

commonly measured in terms of length and width. For standard 60-cell residential panels,

dimensions typically hover around 65 inches by 39 inches (approximately 165 cm by 99 cm),

though slight variations exist among manufacturers and models. Commercial and utility-

scale panels, on the other hand, tend to be larger, with dimensions averaging around 77

inches by 39 inches (approximately 195 cm by 99 cm) for a standard 72-cell panel. Beyond

physical size, solar panels are also assessed by their power output, measured in watts (W) or

kilowatts (kW). Residential panels commonly range from 250 to 400 watts per panel, while

commercial and utility-scale variants may offer higher power ratings.

Chapter 1: Introduction
- Introduction to the topic
- Background information on floating solar PV systems
- Importance of the design of bamboo support structures
- Research objectives and scope of the study

Chapter 2: Literature Review

- Overview of existing literature on floating solar PV systems
- Review of studies on the use of bamboo in structural design
- Analysis of previous research on similar topics
- Identification of gaps in the current literature

Chapter 3: Methodology
- Description of the research methodology used in the study
- Explanation of the data collection methods
- Details on the analysis techniques employed
- Justification for the chosen methodology

Chapter 4: Results and Analysis

- Presentation of the findings from the study
- Analysis of the data collected
- Comparison of different specifications for floating solar PV systems
- Evaluation of the design of bamboo support structures

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations

- Summary of the key findings
- Discussion of the implications of the results
- Recommendations for future research in this area
- Conclusion and final thoughts on the study