MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

G10 SLEM # 14 – WEEK 6 – 2nd QUARTER

SEGMENT LENGTHS IN CIRCLES

EXPECTATION

Learning Competency: Illustrate and prove theorems on lengths of

chords, secant segments and tangent segments of a circle.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• illustrate lengths of chords and secant segments of a circle.
• prove theorem related to products of lengths and segments
associated with circles.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in a
separate
T sheet of paper.
Chords AD and BC intersect at E inside the circle.
1. If BE = 10 and CE = 8, what is DE if AE = 5?
A. 20 B. 18 C. 16 D. 14

2. If AD = 20 and AE = 6, find BE if CE = 7.
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
QRP and TSP are secants that intersect at P outside circle O.
3. The measure of PQ = 20 and PR = 5,
find the measure of PT if PS = 4.
A. 50 B. 25 C. 15 D. 10
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

Use the figure at the right to answer the following questions.

1. Name the chords, tangents and secants.

2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐺 intersect ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐵 at E. What are the
different segments formed?
Name these segments.

3. What other segments can be seen in the

figure? Name these segments.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Power Theorems are theorems which deal with product of

lengths of segments related to circles.
1. Two-Chords Power Theorem: If two chords intersect in the
interior of a circle, then the product of the lengths of the segments
of one chord equals to the product of the lengths of the segments
of the other chord.
Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 are chords, intersecting at P.

Construction: Draw ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐶 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 .
Prove: PA ∙ PB = PC∙ PD
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

Proof: In ∆APC and ∆DPB,

∠A = ∠D (they intercept the same arc BC.)
∠1 = ∠2 (vertical angles are congruent)
∆APC ~ ∆DPB (By AA Similarity Theorem)
𝑃𝐴 𝑃𝐶
= 𝑃𝐵 ; PA: PD = PC: PB
𝑃𝐷

(corresponding sides of similar triangle are proportional)

PA ∙ PB = PC ∙ PD
(Product of extremes equals product of means)

Illustrative example:
Using the theorem that previously learned, study the following examples.
1. Find the value of x. 2. Find the value of x. 3. Find the value of x.

AE ∙ BE = CE ∙ DE NR ∙ MR = AR ∙ ER GO ∙ LO = DO ∙ SO
7 ∙ 12 = x∙ 14 3x ∙ 2x = 12 ∙ 8 x ∙ (11-x) = 5∙ 6
14x = 84 6𝑥 2 = 96 11x - 𝑥 2 = 30
84 96
x= 𝑥2 = 6 𝑥 2 – 11x + 30 = 0
14
x=6 (x-5) (x-6) = 0
√𝑥 2 = 16
x = 5 or x = 6
x=4

2. Theorem on Intersecting Secants Segments:

If two secant segments intersect in the exterior of the circle,
the product of the length of one secant segment and the length of
its external part is equal to the product of the length of the other
secant segment and the length of its external part.
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

Given: Secant segments PQ and PS

Prove: PQ ∙ PR = PS ∙ PT
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑄𝑇
Construction: Draw 𝑅𝑆 ̅̅̅̅

Proof: In ∆PTQ and ∆PRS,

∠1 = ∠2 (Angles subtended by the same arcs are equal)
∠P ≅ ∠P (Reflexive Property)
∆PTQ ~ ∆PRS (AA Similarity Theorem)
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑇
= ; PQ : PS = PT : PR
𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑅
(corresponding sides of similar triangle are proportional)

PQ ∙ PR = PS ∙ PT
(Product of extremes equals product of means)

Illustrative Example: Use the figure to answer the following:

1. If RQ = 10, PQ = 16, and RS = 13, find RT.
2. If RQ = 8, PQ = x, RS = 10, and ST = 20,
find PQ.
3. If RQ = x, PQ =x + 3, RS = 6, and
TS = X + 3, find x.

Solutions:
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

1. RQ ∙ RP = RS ∙ RT 3. RQ ∙ RP = RS ∙ RT
RP = RQ + PQ RP = RQ + PQ
RP = 10 +16 = 26 RT = RS + ST
10 ∙ 26 = 13 ∙ RT x(x + x + 3) = 6(6 + x + 3)
RT = (10 ∙ 26)/13 x(2x + 3) = 6(x + 9)
260
RT = 2𝑥 2 + 3x = 6x + 54
13
RT = 20 2𝑥 2 - 3x – 54 = 0
(2x + 9) (x - 6) = 0
2. RQ ∙ RP = RS ∙ RT 9
x = − 2 and x = 6
RP = RQ + PQ
RT = RS + ST x = 6 since the distance between
8(8 + x) = 10(10 + 20) two points is a unique
64 + 8x = 300 positive number.
8x = 300 - 64
236
x= 8
x = 29.5

ACTIVITY

I. Name the external secant segments in each of the following

figures. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show
your complete solution.

1. 2. 3.
 MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

II. Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the
following figures. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Show your complete solution.

1. 2. MG = 16 3.

REMEMBER

Two-Chords Power Theorem:

If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the product of
the lengths of the segments of one chord equals to the product of the
lengths of the segments of the other chord.

Theorem on Intersecting Secants Segments

If two secant segments intersect in the exterior of the circle, the
product of the length of one secant segment and the length of its
external part is equal to the product of the length of the other secant
segment and the length of its external part.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Then write it on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. In the circle shown at the right, ̅̅̅̅

𝐾𝐿 intersects
̅̅̅̅̅ at P. Which is the best solution in finding
𝑀𝑁
the length of the segments?
A. MN = KL
B. KN = LM
C. NP (MP) = KP (LP)
D. NP + MP = LP + KP
 MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

2. Using the same figure in number 1, if NP = 6, MP = 4

and KP = 8, what is the length of segment LP?
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

3. Given the figure at the right, ̅̅̅̅

𝐶𝐴 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐴 are
secants. If CA = 15 cm, BA = 6 cm. and AE =
4 cm. what is the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐴?
A. 6.75 cm C. 11.25 cm
B. 10.25 cm D. 20 cm

̅̅̅̅ in number 3, which formula did you use?

4. In finding the length of 𝐷𝐴
A. AB ∙ AE = BC ∙ ED C. AB ∙ BC = AE ∙ ED
B. AC ∙ BC = DA ∙ ED D. AC ∙ BA = DA ∙ AE

5. If BC = 5, AB = 8, AE = 7 and DE = x, what is the value of x?

7 55
A. 55 B. C. 7 D.
55 7

II. Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

Using the figure below, solve for the value of x and find the length of
EF and GH.
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

POSTTEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
QRP and TSP are secants that intersect at P outside circle O.
1. The measure of PQ = 20 and PR = 5,
find the measure of PT if PS = 4.
A. 50 C. 15
B. 25 D. 10

2. If PT = 18 and ST = 14, find PQ if PR = 9.

A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

Chords AD and BC intersect at E inside the circle.

3. If BE = 10 and CE = 8, find DE if AE = 5.
A. 20 C. 16
B. 18 D. 14
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

G10 SLEM # 15 – WEEK 6 – 2nd QUARTER

SEGMENT LENGTHS IN CIRCLES

EXPECTATION

Learning Competency: Illustrate and prove theorems on lengths of

chords, secant segments and tangent segments of a circle.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• illustrate lengths of tangent and secant segments of a circle.
• prove theorem related to products of lengths and segments of
tangents and secants associated with circles.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate
T sheet of paper.
1. If AR = 8 cm and AC = 18 cm, what is the
length of RE?
A. 16.25 cm C. 12 cm
B. 14.42 cm D. 10 cm

2. If RE = 8 cm and RC = 16 cm, what is the

length of RA?
A. 8 cm B. 6 cm C. 4 cm D. 2 cm

3. The length of RS may be express by what formula?

A. (𝑅𝑆)2 = RC ∙ AC C. 𝑅𝑆 2 = RA ∙ RC
B. (𝑅𝑆)2 = RA ∙ AC D. RS = RE
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

Supply the missing words to complete each theorem.

1. The measure of an angle formed by two chords intersecting
inside the circle is ___________________________________.

2. The measure of an angle formed by two secants intersecting

inside the circle is ___________________________________.

3. The measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting

outside a circle is ___________________________________.

4. If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle,

then measure of the angle formed is ____________________.

5. The measure of an angle formed by two tangents intersecting

outside a circle is ___________________________________.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Theorem on Intersecting Tangent and a Secant Segments

Tangent-Secant Power Theorem: If a tangent segment and a secant
segment intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the square of the length
of the tangent is equal to the product of the secant segment and its
external part.

If tangent PB and secant PA intersect at P, then (𝑃𝐵)2 = PA ∙ PC

MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

Prove: (𝑃𝐵)2 = PA ∙ PC

Construction: Draw ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶

Proof: In ∆PAB and ∆PBC,

∠BCA = ∠PBA
(Inscribed Angle subtended by the same arc are equal)

∠P = ∠P (Reflexive Property)

∆PAB ~ ∆PB (The AA Similarity Theorem)

𝑃𝐵 𝑃𝐴
𝑃𝐶
= 𝑃𝐵
(Corresponding sides are proportional in similar triangles
(𝑃𝐵)2 = PC ∙ PA
(Multiplication Property of Equality)

Study the following examples:

Given the figure below, ̅𝑆𝑇
̅̅̅ is tangent to circle O at T.

a) If SE = 8 cm and BE = 10 cm, find ST.

b) If ST = 6 cm, SE = x, and BE = x + 6, find SB.
Solutions:
a) Using the relation, 𝑆𝑇 2 = SB ∙ SE Note: SB = 10 + 8 = 18
𝑆𝑇 2 = 8 ∙ 18 (By substitution).
𝑆𝑇 2 = 144 (Extract the square root).
ST = 12 cm (Simplify)
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

b) Again, using the relation, 𝑆𝑇 2 = SB ∙ SE

62 = x (2x + 6) (By substitution)

36 = x (2x + 6) (By addition)

36 = 2𝑥 2 + 6x (By multiplication)

18 = 𝑥 2 + 3x (Common factor 2)
𝑥 2 + 3x – 18 = 0 (Equate to 0)
(x – 3) (x + 6) = 0 (By factoring)
x–3=0 ; x+6=0 (Solve for x)
x=3 x = -6 (Reject the negative value)
Thus, x = 3 and ST = 2x + 6 = 12

Theorem on Intersecting Tangents Segments

If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external point,
then the two tangent segments are congruent.

Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 and ̅𝑇𝑆
̅̅̅ are tangent segments to circle O.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑇𝑆
Prove: 𝑅𝑆 ̅̅̅̅

̅̅̅̅ , 𝑂𝑇
Construction: Draw 𝑂𝑅 ̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑂
̅̅̅̅.
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

• OR ⊥ RS and OT ⊥ TS ➢ (Radius-Tangent Theorem)

• ∠ORS and ∠OTS are ➢ (Definition of Right Triangle)
right angles
• OR ≅ OT ➢ (Radii of the same circle are
congruent)
• OS ≅ OS ➢ (Reflexive property)
• Rt.∆ORS ≅ rt.∆OTS ➢ (HyL Theorem)
• RS ≅ TS
➢ (By CPCTC)

Example1:
Using the same figure above, ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 and ̅𝑇𝑆
̅̅̅ are tangent segments
̅̅̅̅ = 12 cm, what is m𝑇𝑆?
intersecting outside the circle O at S. If m𝑅𝑆 ̅̅̅̅̅

Solution:
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑇𝑆
Since 𝑅𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ are tangent to the same circle from the same exterior
point,
Then RS ≅ TS , and therefore, RS = TS. Thus, if ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 = 12 cm,
then ̅𝑇𝑆
̅̅̅ = 12 cm.

Example2
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 are tangent to circle P.
a) If AB = 8 cm and OA = 6 cm, find OB.
b) Find x if AB = 2𝑥 2 + 2x + 1 and CB = 3x + 2.
Then find AB and CB.
Solutions:
a) ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐵 is the hypotenuse of rt.∆s OAB and OCB
Using Pythagorean Theorem:
𝑐 2 = 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑂𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐵2 + 𝑂𝐴2
𝑂𝐵2 = (8𝑐𝑚)2 + (6𝑐𝑚)2
𝑂𝐵2 = (64 + 36)𝑐𝑚2
𝑂𝐵2 = 100 𝑐𝑚2
OB = 10 𝑐𝑚
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

b.) ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐵 by Two -Tangent Segment Theorem.

2𝑥 2 +2x+1 = 3x+2 Solve for AB:

2𝑥 2 +2x+1-3x–2 = 0 AB = 2𝑥 2 +2x+1

2𝑥 2 – x -1 = 0 AB = 2(1)2 +2(1) + 1

(2x + 1) (x – 1) = 0 AB = 2 + 2 +1

2x + 1 = 0 ; x–1=0 AB = 5
1
x = −2 x=1
1 Solve for CB:
If x = − 2 ;
CB = 3x + 2
2
2𝑥 +2x+1 ≠ 3x+2
CB = 3(1) + 1
If x = 1,
CB = 5
2
then 2𝑥 +2x+1 = 3x+2
Therefore, x =1

ACTIVITY

Read and analyze the problem carefully. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐷
In the figure above, tangent 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ and secant 𝐵𝐷
̅̅̅̅ intersect
circle O at D. If BD = 18 cm and BE = 10 cm, find the length of the
following segments.
1. ̅̅̅̅
m𝐸𝐷
2. ̅̅̅̅
m𝐴𝐷
3. ̅̅̅̅
m𝐶𝐷
4. ̅̅̅̅
m𝐴𝑂
̅̅̅̅ A
5. m𝑂𝐷
 MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

REMEMBER

Tangent - Secant Power Theorem

If a tangent segment and a secant segment intersect in the
exterior of a circle, then the square of the length of the tangent is equal
to the product of the secant segment and its external part.
Two -Tangent Segment Theorem.
If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external
point, then the two tangent segments are congruent.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Then write it on a separate
sheet of paper.
Refer to the figure at the right to answer the following questions.
1. In finding the length of BE, which formula will be used?
A.(𝐵𝐸)2 = BC ∙ BA C. (𝐵𝐸)2 = BA∙ CA
B.(𝐵𝐶)2 = BE∙ BA D. (𝐵𝐴)2 = BE ∙ BC
2. If AB = 8 cm and AC = 18 cm, what is the
length of BE?
A. 10 cm C. 14.42 cm
B. 12 cm D. 16.25 cm
3. If BE = 8 cm and BC = 16 cm, what is the length of BA?
A. 2 cm B. 4 cm C. 6 cm D. 8
4. The length of BD may be express by what formula?
A.(𝐵𝐷)2 = BC ∙ AC C. 𝐵𝐷2 = BA ∙ BC
B.(𝐵𝐷)2 = BA ∙ AC D. BD = BE
5. If the length of BE = 16 cm, what is the length of BD?
A. 4 cm B. 8 cm C. 16 cm D. 32 cm
 MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

II. Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.
Solve for the value of x and y.

POSTTEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. In circle O figure, ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ is a secant intersecting at P.

𝐴𝑃 is tangent and 𝐵𝐶
If BC = 5 and CP = 4, what is 𝐴𝑃?
A. 45 B. 36 C. 9 D. 6

2. If AP = 12 and PC = 9, find PB.

A. 81 B. 63 C. 16 D. 7

3. The length of ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝑃 is 15 cm and the measure of ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝑃 is 25 cm. What is
the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑃?
A. 3 cm B. 9 cm C. 12 cm D. 15 cm
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

G10 SLEM # 16 – WEEK 6 – 2nd QUARTER

SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING CIRCLES

EXPECTATION

Learning Competency: Solve problems on circles

After going through this module, you are expected to solve problems on
circles.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The length of the tangent to a circle from C, which is 25 cm away from
the center is 24 cm. What is the radius of the circle?
A. 5 cm C. 7 cm
B. 6 cm D. 8 cm

2. In the figure, circle Q is inscribed in ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.

What is the perimeter of this triangle?
A. 55 cm C. 77 cm
B. 66 cm D. 88 cm

3. The angle formed by two secants intersecting in the exterior of the

circle measures 680. One of its intercepted arcs measures 2120. What
is the measure of the other arc?
A. 660 C. 860
B. 760 D. 960
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

LOOKING BACK
Recall the different theorems on angles formed by intersecting
tangents, intersecting secants, and intersecting tangent and a secant of a
circle. Review also the theorems on the length of segments intersecting of a
circle.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Now, that you have learned the different theorems on angles formed
by tangents, secants and the segments intersecting of a circle you are going
to apply those concepts in solving real life problems involving circle.

Study the following examples.

Example 1:
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 is tangent to circle C at B. If CB = 8 cm and AB = 15 cm, how far
is point A from the center?

Solution: Using the theorem on tangent to a circle. Apply Pythagorean

theorem.
AC = CB 2 + AB 2 Use Pythagorean Theorem.
AC = 82 + 152 Substitute.
AC = 64 + 225 Add.
AC = 289 Simplify.
AC = 17 Solve for AC.

The distance from A to C is 17cm.

MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

Example 2:
The angle formed by two secants intersecting in the exterior of the
circle measures 58. One of the intercepted arcs is 198, find the measure of
the other arc (x).

Solution: Using the theorem on secants

intersecting outside of a circle, we have

1
58 = (198 − x ) Substitute.
2
116 = (198 − x ) Cross multiply.
x = 198 − 116 Subtract.
x = 82 Solve for x.

Thus, the measure of the other arc is 82.

Example 3:
The segments of one of the two intersecting chords are x + 1 and x + 3, and
x - 2 and x + 9 for the other chord. Find the length of each chord.

Solution: Using the theorem on intersecting chords.

( x + 1)( x + 3) = ( x − 2 )( x + 9 ) Multiply.
x 2 + 4 x + 3 = x 2 + 7 x − 18 Add/subtract terms.
3x = 3 + 18 Add.
3x = 21 Divide by 3.
x=7 Solve for x.

If x = 7, then by substitution, the length of each chord is 80 units.

MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

Example 4
A satellite in a geostationary orbit above earth’s equator has a viewing
angle of earth formed by the two tangents to the equator. The viewing angle
is about 17.5o. Find the measure of the arc of Earth that is viewed from the
satellite camera?

Solution:
̂ =x
Let m𝐴𝐵
̂ = 3600 - x
m𝐴𝐶𝐵
1
̂ - m𝐴𝐶𝐵
17.50 = 2 (m𝐴𝐶𝐵 ̂) Theorem on tangents.
1
17.50 = 2 [(3600 – x) – x] Substitute.
1
17.50 = (3600 – 2x) Multiply each side by 2.
2
17.50 = 1800 – x Add/Subtract.
x = 162.50 Solve for x.

Thus, 162.50 arc can be viewed from the satellite camera.

Example 5:

At Rainforest park, you are standing at point C as shown in the figure,

about 8 feet away from a circular fountain. The distance from you to a point
of tangency on the fountain is about 20 feet. Find the radius of the circular
fountain.

Solution:
( CB ) = CE  CD
2
Apply the theorem.
202 = 8  ( 2r + 8) Substitute.
400 = 16r + 64 Add/Subtract.
336 = 16r Divide both sides by 16.
r = 21 Simplify.

Thus, the radius of the circular fountain is 21 feet.

MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

ACTIVITY

Read and analyze the problem carefully. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.
In the given figure, AC and DA are secant segments and AF is a
tangent segment.
1. If DA = 16, BC = 12 and AB = 6, find:
a. AE
b. AF, using secant AC
2. If AB = 12, BC = 18 and AE = 16, find AD
3. If AB = x, BC = x + 2, AE = 5 and DE = x + 2,
find x.
̂ = 1000, find x.
̂ = x and 𝑚𝐷𝐶
4. If 𝑚∠𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 360, 𝑚𝐵𝐸

REMEMBER

These four steps can be summarized as follows:

1. Carefully read the problem.
2. Choose a strategy to solve the problem.
3. Carry out the problem - solving strategy.
4. Check the solution.
MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 10 SECOND QUARTER

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.

1. Marco is 13 meters away from the center of a circular quarantine facility.

If the diameter of the circular quarantine facility for COVID-19 patient is
10 meters and a path walk through Marco is tangent to the entrance of
the facility. How far is he from the entrance of the facility?

2. Gabriel wants to determine the radius of a circular pool without getting

wet. He is located at point K, which is 4 feet from the pool and 12 feet
from the point of tangency as shown in the accompanying diagram. What
is the radius of the pool?

3. In the figure, ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is circumscribing a circle. Find the length of BC .