Question 1A.

A 1-m3 tank containing air at 10°C and 350 kPa is connected through a
valve to another tank containing 3 kg of air at 35°C and 150 kPa. Now the valve is opened,
and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings,
which are at 20°C. Determine the volume of the second tank and the final equilibrium
pressure of air.

1
Question 1B. An oil pump is drawing 44 kW of electric power while pumping oil with
density 860 kg/m3 at a rate of 0.1 m3/s. The inlet and outlet diameters of the pipe are 8 cm
and 12 cm, respectively. If the pressure rise of oil in the pump is measured to be 500 kPa
and the motor efficiency is 90 percent, determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump.

2
Question 2A. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 7 MPa, 500°C, and 45 m/s
and leaves at 100 kPa and 75 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 5 MW and the
isentropic efficiency is 77 percent, determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the
turbine, (b) the temperature at the turbine exit, and (c) the rate of entropy generation
during this process. Assume that the exit velocity of the steam from the turbine is not
affected by irreversibilities.

3
Question 2B. A piston–cylinder device initially contains 1.4 kg of refrigerant-134a at 100
kPa and 20°C. Heat is now transferred to the refrigerant from a source at 150°C, and the
piston, which is resting on a set of stops, starts moving when the pressure inside reaches
120 kPa. Heat transfer continues until the temperature reaches 80°C. Assuming the
surroundings to be at 25°C and 100 kPa, determine (a) the work done, (b) the heat
transfer, (c) the exergy destroyed, and (d) the second-law efficiency of this process.

4
Question 3: A four-cylinder, four-stroke, 1.8-liter modern, high-speed compression-ignition engine
operates on the ideal dual cycle with a compression ratio of 16. The air is at 95 kPa and 70°C at
the beginning of the compression process and the engine speed is 2200 rpm. Equal amounts of fuel
are burned at constant volume and at constant pressure. The maximum allowable pressure in the
cycle is 7.5 MPa due to material strength limitations. Using constant specific heats at 1000 K,
determine (a) the maximum temperature in the cycle, (b) the net work output and the thermal
efficiency, (c) the mean effective pressure, and (d) the net power output.

Solution:

5
2200

6
Question 4: Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle and has a net
power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and the low-
pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 500°C. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at a
pressure of 10 kPa. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 80 percent, and that of the pump is
95 percent. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines and determine (a) the
quality (or temperature, if superheated) of the steam at the turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency
of the cycle, and (c) the mass flow rate of the steam.
Solution:

7
Question 5: An air conditioner with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid is used to keep
a room at 26°C by rejecting the waste heat to the outside air at 34°C. The room is gaining
heat through the walls and the windows at a rate of 250 kJ/min while the heat generated
by the computer, TV, and lights amounts to 900 W. An unknown amount of heat is also
generated by the people in the room. The condenser and evaporator pressures are 1200
and 500 kPa, respectively. The refrigerant is saturated liquid at the condenser exit and
saturated vapor at the compressor inlet. If the refrigerant enters the compressor at a rate
of 100 L/min and the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 75 percent, determine (a)
the temperature of the refrigerant at the compressor exit, (b) the rate of heat generation
by the people in the room, (c) the COP of the air conditioner, and (d) the minimum volume
flow rate of the refrigerant at the compressor inlet for the same compressor inlet and exit
conditions.

Solution:

8
9
 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑣
Question 6A: Show that: 𝑐𝑝 − 𝑐𝑣 = 𝑇 ( ) ( ) .
𝜕𝑇 𝑣 𝜕𝑇 𝑃

Solution:

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑃
(𝑐𝑝 − 𝑐𝑣 )𝑑𝑇 = 𝑇 ( ) 𝑑𝑃 + 𝑇 ( ) 𝑑𝑣
𝜕𝑇 𝑃 𝜕𝑇 𝑣

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑃
(𝑐𝑝 − 𝑐𝑣 )𝑑𝑇 = 𝑇 ( ) ( ) 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑇 [( ) ( ) + ( ) ] 𝑑𝑣
𝜕𝑇 𝑃 𝜕𝑇 𝑣 𝜕𝑇 𝑃 𝜕𝑣 𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝑣

10
Question 6B: A fuel mixture of 60 percent by mass methane (CH4) and 40 percent by
mass ethanol (C2H6O), is burned completely with theoretical air. If the total flow rate of
the fuel is 10 kg/s, determine the required mass flow rate of air. Please write the balanced
chemical reaction for the complete combustion of the fuel-air mixture.

Solution:

11