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Experiment 1

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16 views4 pages

Experiment 1

Uploaded by

m8171611219
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 1

Objectives: An RC circuit is to be studied for following four applications:

Two frequency domain applications:

(a) Lowpass filter (see Fig. 1)

(b) High pass filter (see Fig. 2)

(ii) Two time domain applications:

(a) Integrator (see Fig. 1)

(b) Differentiator (see Fig. 2)

2. Instruments/Components Required: Multi output Power supply, Multimeter, Breadboard,


Resistors, (Ceramic) Capacitors and Connecting wires as per requirements.

Theory

What is an RC Circuit?

An RC circuit (also known as an RC filter or RC network) stands for a resistor-capacitor


circuit. An RC circuit is defined as an electrical circuit composed of the passive circuit
components of a resistor (R) and capacitor (C), driven by a voltage source or current source.

LOW PASS FILTER:

A Low pass filter is one which passes without attenuation all frequencies up to the cut-off
frequency fc & simultaneously attenuates all other frequencies greater than fc. The
attenuation characteristic of an ideal L P filter is shown in figure 1.

This filter transmits all frequencies from zero to cut-off frequency. The band is called pass
band. The frequency range over which transmission does not take place is called the stop
band.

fc = 1/ π(LC)½

HIGH PASS FILTER:

A HP filter attenuates all frequencies below a designated cut-off frequency fc , & passes all
freq. above fc. Thus the pass band of this filter is the freq. range above fc & the stop band is
the freq. range below fc. An attenuation characteristic of a HP filter is shown in figure 2.
Procedure

1.Connect the circuit. according to the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the AFG with source impedance to the I/P of the filter terminate that the O/P with a
capacitive load.

3. Connect two voltmeter at I/P & O/P terminal.

4. Set the I/P voltage to app. 1Vrms at 1 KHz.

5. Vary the I/P freq. from 100Hz to 100KHz in small steps. Measure I/P& O/P voltage at
each Step.

6. Take more reading where the attenuation roll off is predominant.

7. For filter applications, 3-dB cutoff frequency should be = 5 kHz.

8. Make a table for the Vc/Vi vs frequency and VR/Vi vs frequency for filters and plot them.

9. For Filter experimentation, vi should be Sinusoidal and for Integrator/Differentiator, vi


should be a square wave.

10. Trace the waveforms for the Integrator and Differentiator.

Observation table
For lpf
S no Frequency(khz) V1(input V2(output Gain=V2/v1 A=20log(v2/v1)
voltage) voltage)
1 0.1 1 1.01 1.01 0.08642
2 0.5 1 1.03 1.03 0.2567
3 1 1 1.01 1.01 0.086
4 2 1 0.95 0.95 -0.44
5 3 1 0.87 0.87 -1.20
6 4 1 0.79 0.79 -2.04
7 5 1 0.71 0.71 -2.97
8 6 1 0.63 0.63 -4.01
9 8 1 0.55 0.55 -5.19
10 10 1 0.44 0.44 -7.13
11 15 1 0.32 0.32 -9.897
12 20 1 0.25 0.25 -12.0412
13 25 1 0.20 0.20 -13.9794
14 35 1 0.14 0.14 -17.0744
15 50 1 0.09 0.09 -20.9151

Chart Title
5

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

For HPF

s.no frequency V1(input V2(output Gain=v2/v1 A=20log(v2/v1)


voltage) voltage)
1 0.1 1 0.03 0.03 -30.4576
2 0.5 1 0.11 0.11 -19.1727
3 1 1 0.23 0.23 -12.7654
4 2 1 0.41 0.41 -7.74432
5 3 1 0.55 0.55 -5.19275
6 4 1 0.66 0.66 -3.60912
7 5 1 0.73 0.73 -2.73354
8 6 1 0.79 0.79 -2.04746
9 8 1 0.85 0.85 -1.41162
10 10 1 0.89 0.89 -1.0122
11 15 1 0.92 0.92 0.72424
12 20 1 0.93 0.93 0.63034
13 30 1 0.95 0.95 -0.4453
14 40 1 0.96 0.96 -0.354
15 50 1 0.96 0.96 -0.354
16 100 1 0.98 0.98 -0.175
17 150 1 0.982 0.982 -0.157
18 200 1 0.985 0.985 -0.131
19 250 1 0.99 0.99 -0.08
20 300 1 0.995 0.995 0.043
Chart Title
5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

Note:

(i) For filter applications, 3-dB cut off frequency should be = XX kHz, where XX is
Group No.
(ii) Make a table for the Vs./Vi vs frequency and VR/Vi vs frequency for filters /and
plot them.
(iii) For Filter experimentation, Vi should be Sinusoidal and for
integrator/Differentiator, Vi should be a square wave. (iv) Trace the waveforms for
the Integrator and Differentiator

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