Experiment 1
Experiment 1
Theory
What is an RC Circuit?
A Low pass filter is one which passes without attenuation all frequencies up to the cut-off
frequency fc & simultaneously attenuates all other frequencies greater than fc. The
attenuation characteristic of an ideal L P filter is shown in figure 1.
This filter transmits all frequencies from zero to cut-off frequency. The band is called pass
band. The frequency range over which transmission does not take place is called the stop
band.
fc = 1/ π(LC)½
A HP filter attenuates all frequencies below a designated cut-off frequency fc , & passes all
freq. above fc. Thus the pass band of this filter is the freq. range above fc & the stop band is
the freq. range below fc. An attenuation characteristic of a HP filter is shown in figure 2.
Procedure
2. Connect the AFG with source impedance to the I/P of the filter terminate that the O/P with a
capacitive load.
5. Vary the I/P freq. from 100Hz to 100KHz in small steps. Measure I/P& O/P voltage at
each Step.
8. Make a table for the Vc/Vi vs frequency and VR/Vi vs frequency for filters and plot them.
Observation table
For lpf
S no Frequency(khz) V1(input V2(output Gain=V2/v1 A=20log(v2/v1)
voltage) voltage)
1 0.1 1 1.01 1.01 0.08642
2 0.5 1 1.03 1.03 0.2567
3 1 1 1.01 1.01 0.086
4 2 1 0.95 0.95 -0.44
5 3 1 0.87 0.87 -1.20
6 4 1 0.79 0.79 -2.04
7 5 1 0.71 0.71 -2.97
8 6 1 0.63 0.63 -4.01
9 8 1 0.55 0.55 -5.19
10 10 1 0.44 0.44 -7.13
11 15 1 0.32 0.32 -9.897
12 20 1 0.25 0.25 -12.0412
13 25 1 0.20 0.20 -13.9794
14 35 1 0.14 0.14 -17.0744
15 50 1 0.09 0.09 -20.9151
Chart Title
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
For HPF
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Note:
(i) For filter applications, 3-dB cut off frequency should be = XX kHz, where XX is
Group No.
(ii) Make a table for the Vs./Vi vs frequency and VR/Vi vs frequency for filters /and
plot them.
(iii) For Filter experimentation, Vi should be Sinusoidal and for
integrator/Differentiator, Vi should be a square wave. (iv) Trace the waveforms for
the Integrator and Differentiator